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高考英语一轮复习课时作业二十七选修6Unit2Poems课件
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这是一份高考英语一轮复习课时作业二十七选修6Unit2Poems课件，共57页。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解A(2021·金华模拟) Yu’ve just finished a heavy meal and are full up. Suddenly, yur hst annunces prudly that he will be serving his “huse specialty” dessert, bananas flambe and that he has spent the better part f the afternn preparing it. Even thugh yu are full and dn’t even like bananas, yu accept a serving f his dessert and eat it all.
Clearly, bilgical factrs d nt fully explain ur eating behavir. Scial factrs, based n scietal rules and n what we have learned abut apprpriate eating behavir, als play an imprtant rle. Take, fr example, the simple fact that peple custmarily eat breakfast, lunch and dinner at apprximately the same times every day. Because we tend t eat n schedule every day, we feel hungry as the usual hur appraches.
Similarly, we put rughly the same amunt f fd n ur plate every day, even thugh the amunt f exercise we may have had, and cnsequently ur need fr energy supply, varies frm day t day. We als tend t prefer particular fd ver thers. Rats and dgs may be a delicacy in certain Asian cultures, but few peple in Western cultures find them appealing despite their ptentially high nutritinal value. In sum, cultural influences and ur individual habits play imprtant rles in determining when, what, and hw much we eat.
Other scial factrs relate t ur eating behavir as well. Sme f us head tward the refrigeratr after a difficult day, seeking cmfrt in a scp f Heath Bar Crunch ice cream. Perhaps when we were children, ur parents gave us fd when we were upset. Eventually, we may have learned t assciate fd with cmfrt. Similarly, we may learn that eating, which fcuses ur attentin n immediate pleasures, prvides an escape frm unpleasant thughts. Cnsequently, we may eat when we feel upset and anxius. 【文章大意】用餐后, 面对主人端来的甜点, 即使你不喜欢吃, 你可能也会吃下去。作者利用举例的方法解释了饮食方面的社会因素。
1. What causes yu t accept the hst’s dessert ffer at the end f the meal? A. Yur hunger. B. The hst’s pride. C. The pleasant taste. D. Scial pliteness. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段Even thugh yu are full and dn’t even like bananas, yu accept a serving f his dessert and eat it all和下文出现的scial factrs可知, 你吃下餐后的甜点是由于社交礼貌。故选D。
2. The authr explains the factrs in eating mainly by _________. A. making a cmparisnB. using examplesC. analyzing the dataD. undertaking a survey【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第二段fr example和第三段Rats and dgs以及第四段ur parents. . . 可知, 作者利用举例的方法解释饮食方面的原因。故选B。
3. Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the text? A. Scial Factrs in Eating. B. Causes f Hunger. C. Table Manners at Meals. D. Cultural Differences in Eating. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段Even thugh yu are full and dn’t even like bananas, yu accept a serving f his dessert and eat it all和下文出现的scial factrs和第四段的Other scial factrs 可知, 文章主要讲述饮食中的社会因素。故选A。
B Spending ver a year in the bleak (荒凉的) Antarctica might change yur brain fr the wrse, accrding t new research ut this mnth. It seems t shw that plar explrers wh lived fr 14 mnths at an Antarctica research statin experienced brain shrinkage, likely as a result f their lneliness and bredm.
The study’s authrs used MRI (核磁共振) t scan the brains f eight members f a team befre they began a lng stay at the German-run research statin. During their missin, the team peridically tk tests f their cgnitin and memry and prvided bld samples that allwed the study authrs t measure their levels f a prtein imprtant fr brain health called brain-derived neurtrphic factr (BDNF). When they returned, they had their brains scanned again.
Finally, cmpared t themselves befre the missin, the explrers’ brains appeared t have less grey matter n average. The shrinkage was mst apparent in the hippcampus, in area f the brain key t memry and cgnitin. Their average levels f BDNF als drpped during the trip and didn’t imprve significantly even after ne-and-a-half mnths back hme. The study’s findings, published in The New England Jurnal f Medicine, aren’t the first t suggest that lng time f being separated can change the brain. But practically all f this wrk has invlved animals, accrding t the researchers.
Of curse, an eight-persn study is small, s any f its cnclusins shuld be taken with cautin. Lead authr Alexander C. Stahn, nw a researcher at the Perelman Schl f Medicine at the University f Pennsylvania, said that the effects n the hippcampus are likely temprary, prvided the scientists returned back t a life filled with scial interactin and interesting things t see.
Still, since peple will cntinue traveling t and frm Antarctica fr lng perids f time, the findings are definitely wrth keeping in mind and explring further. They might even prve relevant fr the rare few peple wh might travel as far as Mars in the future — perhaps the nly similarly scientific, mnths-lng missin that wuld be even mre lnely. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有研究表明, 在一个孤独的地方待很长时间会对大脑造成损害。介绍了这项研究的过程、相关研究人员对此的看法和这一发现的重要性。
4. What will d damage t the brain accrding t the first paragraph? A. Ding research in brain shrinkage. B. Traveling t the Antarctica. C. Wrking as a researcher in a statin. D. Being in a lnely place fr a lng time.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段Spending ver a year in the bleak Antarctica might change yur brain fr the wrse, accrding t new research ut this mnth. It seems t shw that plar explrers wh lived fr 14 mnths at an Antarctica research statin experienced brain shrinkage, likely as a result f their lneliness and bredm. 可知, 根据本月公布的一项新研究, 在荒凉的南极洲度过一年多可能会让你的大脑变得更糟。这似乎表明, 在南极研究站生活了14个月的极地探险家的大脑出现了萎缩, 可能是由于他们的孤独和无聊。由此可知, 在一个孤独的地方待很长时间会对大脑造成损害。故选D。
5. Hw did the scientists get the cnclusin? A. By cmparing the scanned results. B. By studying the previus figures. C. By making a lng-term prgram. D. By scanning the participants’ brains.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段The study’s authrs used MRI t scan the brains f eight members f a team befre they began a lng stay at the German-run research statin. During their missin, the team peridically tk tests f their cgnitin and memry and prvided bld samples that allwed the study authrs t measure their levels f a prtein imprtant fr brain health called brain-derived neurtrphic factr (BDNF). When they returned, they had their brains scanned again. (该研究的作者在一个团队的8名成员开始在德国运营的研究站长期停留之前, 使用核磁共振成像扫描了他们的大脑。在他们执行任务的过程中, 团队成员定期进行认知和记忆测试, 并提供血样, 使研究作者能够测量他们的一种叫脑
源性神经营养因子的蛋白质水平, 这种蛋白质对大脑健康很重要。当他们返回时, 再次对他们的大脑进行扫描)以及第三段Finally, cmpared t themselves befre the missin, the explrers’ brains appeared t have less grey matter n average. The shrinkage was mst apparent in the hippcampus, in area f the brain key t memry and cgnitin. Their average levels f BDNF als drpped during the trip and didn’t imprve significantly even after ne-and-a-half mnths back hme. 可知, 最后, 与执行任务前相比, 探险者的大脑平均灰质较少。海马的萎缩最为明显, 主要是大脑中记忆和认知的关键区域。他们的平均BDNF水平在旅途中也有所下降, 即使在回家一个半月后也没有明显改善。由此可知, 科学家通过比较扫描结果得出结论。故选A。
6. What can we infer abut the explrers when they returned? A. They were n lnger used t the civilized wrld. B. They had sme difficulty in remembering things. C. They became nrmal after ne-and-a-half mnths. D. They published their findings in a medical magazine.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中Finally, cmpared t themselves befre the missin, the explrers’ brains appeared t have less grey matter n average. The shrinkage was mst apparent in the hippcampus, in area f the brain key t memry and cgnitin. 可知, 最后, 与执行任务前相比, 探险家的大脑平均灰质较少。海马的萎缩最为明显, 主要是大脑中记忆和认知的关键区域。由此可推知, 当探险家返回时, 他们在记忆方面有些困难。故选B。
7. What is the last paragraph mainly abut? A. The imprtance f the findings. B. The disadvantage f the findings. C. The future develpment f the space. D. The pssibility f travelling t Mars.
【解析】选A。段落大意题。根据最后一段Still, since peple will cntinue traveling t and frm Antarctica fr lng perids f time, the findings are definitely wrth keeping in mind and explring further. They might even prve relevant fr the rare few peple wh might travel as far as Mars in the future — perhaps the nly similarly scientific, mnths-lng missin that wuld be even mre lnely. 可知, 尽管如此, 由于人们将在很长一段时间内继续往返于南极洲之间, 这些发现绝对值得我们牢记在心, 值得进行进一步探索。它们甚至可能会被证明与未来可能远行到火星的极少数人有关——也许只有类似的科学性、长达数月的任务才会更加孤独。由此可知, 最后一段主要讲了这些发现的重要性。故选A。
【知识拓展】长难句分析During their missin, the team peridically tk tests f their cgnitin and memry and prvided bld samples that allwed the study authrs t measure their levels f a prtein imprtant fr brain health called brain-derived neurtrphic factr (BDNF). 分析: 该句是复合句。 “that allwed the study authrs t measure their levels f a prtein”作定语, 修饰先行词samples, 后面的imprtant fr brain health called brain-derived neurtrphic factr (BDNF)作后置定语, 修饰前面的a prtein。
翻译: 在他们执行任务的过程中, 团队成员定期进行认知和记忆测试, 并提供血样, 使研究作者能够测量他们的一种叫脑源性神经营养因子的蛋白质水平, 这种蛋白质对大脑健康很重要。
Ⅱ. 完形填空 That hliday mrning I didn’t have t attend schl. Usually, n hlidays, Mther 1 me t sleep in. And I wuld certainly take full advantage f it. On this particular mrning, 2 , I felt like getting up early. I std by my windw verlking the 3 , having nthing better t d. But as it turned ut, I was sn t learn abut smething 4 in life.
As I watched several peple g by, get int their cars and g ff, I 5 an ld man n a bicycle with a bucket n its 6 and a basket, rags and bttles n its back-carriage. He 7 frm ne car t anther, washing and cleaning them. Frm the water n the grund, it seemed that he had already 8 washing and cleaning abut a dzen r mre cars. He must have begun t wrk quite early in the mrning.
Several thughts 9 my mind as I watched him wrk. He wasn’t well-dressed. He had n a pair f shrts and a(n) 10 T-shirt. The bicycle he rde was nt by any means the kind mdern 11 wuld want t be seen riding n. But he seemed 12 with life. There he was, wrking hard at his small business, 13 at passers-by and stpping t chat nw and then 14 elderly men and wmen n their way t the market nearby. There was a nticeable tuch f 15 in the way he seemed t be ding things— 16 the windscreen, then standing back t admire it; scrubbing the wheels and 17 , standing back t see what they lk like after the scrub.
It was a 18 t learn, I felt. At n age need ne have t beg fr a 19 if ne has gd health and is willing t wrk hard. Fr a while I felt 20 f myself. Yung as I am—just sixteen, and there was this ld man wh must have been usefully engaged perhaps befre the sun appeared abve the hrizn. 【文章大意】本文是记叙文。某假日的早晨, 作者起得早早的。窗外停车场上, 一位普通洗车工忙碌而自得其乐的情景令他悟得人生真谛: 身体棒、肯劳动就会成为有用之人!
1. A. frces B. allwsC. causesD. frbids【解析】选B。句意: 通常, 在节假日, 母亲允许我睡懒觉。frces强迫; allws允许; causes引起; frbids禁止。假日不用上学, 所以母亲允许我睡懒觉。故选B。2. A. therwiseB. therefreC. hweverD. besides【解析】选C。句意: 在这个早晨, 然而, 我格外想早起。therwise否则; therefre因此; hwever然而; besides另外。在这一天, 我一反常态, 起得早早的。与上文形成对比转折关系。故选C。
3. A. parking ltB. bus stpC. schlD. market【解析】选A。句意: 没有更好的事可做, 我站在窗边俯瞰停车场。parking lt停车场; bus stp公共汽车站; schl学校; market市场。由下文对洗车工忙碌的介绍可推测作者俯瞰窗外的停车场。故选A。
4. A. interestingB. surprisingC. awfulD. useful【解析】选D。句意: 但事实证明, 我很快学到了生活中有用的一课。interesting有趣的; surprising令人惊讶的; awful可怕的; useful有用的。从最后一段看出作者通过观察洗车工忙碌而自得其乐的情形感悟到人有着勤劳而健康的双手就会成为有用之人。这确实是有益的一课。故选D。
5. A. nticedB. recgnizedC. calledD. assisted【解析】选A。句意: 当我看到几个人经过, 上了他们的车然后走了时, 我注意到一个老人骑着单车, 车把上挂着一只水桶, 后车架上载着抹布和瓶瓶罐罐。nticed注意到; recgnized意识到; called呼叫; assisted帮助。在忙碌而有序的洗车场上作者注意到一位骑着单车前来洗车的老人。故选A。
6. A. backB. handleC. wheelD. seat【解析】选B。back背部; handle把手; wheel轮子; seat座位。描绘洗车工自行车的扶手上挂着一只水桶, 后车架上载着抹布和瓶瓶罐罐。handle 有“手柄, 车把”之意。故选B。
7. A. searchedB. leftC. mvedD. wandered【解析】选C。句意: 他从一辆车移动到另一辆车, 清洗着它们。searched寻找; left离开; mved移动; wandered徘徊。洗车时当然是从一辆车洗到另一辆车。有“移动”之意。故选C。
8. A. stppedB. startedC. intendedD. finished【解析】选D。句意: 从地上的水可以看出, 似乎他已经清洗完了大约十二辆或者更多的车辆。stpped停止; started开始; intended打算; finished完成。从文章描述淌满地的水, 可以看出洗车工已洗完大约十二辆车甚至更多。故选D。
9. A. crssedB. slippedC. disturbedD. inspired【解析】选A。句意: 当我看着他工作时, 脑子里闪过一些想法。crssed穿过; slipped滑动; disturbed干扰; inspired鼓舞。作者看到洗车工工作专注而勤劳的情形, 脑子里闪过一些想法。 A项符合语境。故选A。
10. A. attractiveB. shinyC. simpleD. expensive【解析】选C。句意: 他穿得不好, 他穿着短裤和一件简单的T恤。attractive具有吸引力的; shiny有光泽的; simple简单的; expensive昂贵的。由前一句得知, 洗车工穿着简朴, 简单, 穿着短裤和简朴的T恤衫。故选C。
11. A. repairmenB. businessmenC. driversD. cyclists【解析】选D。句意: 他骑的自行车绝不是专业自行车骑手想被看到骑行的那种现代的自行车。repairmen修理工; businessmen生意人; drivers司机; cyclists骑自行车的人。洗车工用的车绝不是专业自行车骑手所用的那一种。cyclists 指自行车骑手。故选D。
12. A. busyB. cntentC. carefulD. bred【解析】选B。句意: 但是他似乎对生活很满意。busy忙碌的; cntent满意的; careful细心的; bred感到厌烦的。be (seem) cntent with 表示“对……满意”。根据文章所述, 洗车工虽忙碌辛苦却对此很满意。故选B。
13. A. wavingB. lkingC. laughingD. pinting【解析】选A。句意: 他在那里, 在他的小生意上努力工作, 向经过的人挥着手, 不时地停下来与去附近市场的老年人闲聊。waving挥动; lking看; laughing大笑; pinting指向。描述洗车工工作时时而向过路人挥手, 时而停下手中的活与去市场的老人小叙一番。故选A。
14. A. abutB. frC. withD. like【解析】选C。chat with sb. 表示与某人闲聊。故选C。15. A. wrryB. respectC. sympathyD. pride【解析】选D。句意: 他做事时, 有一种明显的自豪感。wrry担忧; respect尊重; sympathy同情; pride自豪。根据下文描述的洗车工擦完挡风玻璃后会欣赏一番, 洗完车轮后也会欣赏一番, 由此可知, 一股自豪(pride)满意之情溢于言表。故选D。
16. A. cleaningB. fixingC. replacingD. cvering【解析】选A。句意: ……清洗挡风玻璃, 然后站回去欣赏它。cleaning打扫; fixing固定, 安装; replacing替代; cvering覆盖。由后文的分号和scrubbing综合得知, 此处用scrubbing的同义词。表示清洗挡风玻璃。故选A。
17. A. stillB. yetC. againD. sn【解析】选C。句意: 擦洗轮子后又退后看看它们在擦完后的样子。still仍然; yet还; again又; sn不久。前文说洗车工擦洗完挡风玻璃, 就“standing back t admire it ”; 当洗干净车轮后又“standing back t see. . . ”。故选C。
18. A. lessnB. subjectC. skillD. fact【解析】选A。句意: 我觉得它是学到的一堂课。lessn课; subject科目; skill技能; fact事实。洗车工感人而令人遐思的忙碌又自得其乐的场景, 仿佛给作者上了一堂人生之课。故选A。
19. A. businessB. livingC. successD. right【解析】选B。句意: 如果一个人有良好的健康并且愿意努力工作, 在任何年龄都不需要为生活乞讨。business生意; living生活; success成功; right权利。作者得出的人生真谛——有着健康的身体和勤劳的双手, 任何年龄段的人都不需要乞讨谋生(过着不劳而获的生活)。故选B。
20. A. tiredB. dubtfulC. fearfulD. ashamed【解析】选D。句意: 有一会儿, 我为自己感到羞愧。tired劳累的; dubtful怀疑的; fearful可怕的; ashamed羞愧的。根据下文Yung as I am—just sixteen, and there was this ld man wh must have been usefully engaged perhaps befre the sun appeared abve the hrizn. 可推断, 作者为自己这么年轻而无所事事感到羞愧。故选D。
【知识拓展】1. As 的倒装句型原文最后一段: Yung as I am—just sixteen, and there was this ld man wh must have been usefully engaged perhaps befre the sun appeared abve the hrizn. as 引导的倒装句, 表语提前, 意思为“尽管”。例如: ① Exhausted as he was, he still struggled t his feet. 虽然筋疲力尽, 他依然挣扎着站起来。②Cute as the squirrel was, it tre my magazine. 虽然松鼠很可爱, 但是它撕毁了我的杂志。
2. It seemed that . . . 似乎……原文第三段: Frm the water n the grund, it seemed that he had already finished washing and cleaning abut a dzen r mre cars. 此句型实质上是“主+系+表”结构。其中it是主语, seemed为系动词, that引导表语从句。强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近实际情况的判断。例如: It seems that n ne knws what has happened in the park. 似乎没有人知道公园里发生了什么。
Ⅲ. 语法填空 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing’s new Daxing Internatinal Airprt is 1. _________(fficial) pen fr business. It’s abslutely massive, 2. _________(cver) the size f apprximately 140 ftball fields—the terminal building(候机楼) alne is 700, 000 square metres. The eye-catching airprt terminal actually lks a little like smething ut f a sci-fi film with 3. _________(it) spider-like shape.
Passengers can find the restaurants, shps and airprt security in the central part f the airprt, while each “arm” f the airprt will lead 4. _________ the barding gates and the eight runways. The inside parts f it 5. _________(be) just as impressive as the airprt’s unexpected shape, with high ceilings and swirling-type(漩涡型) architectural features thrughut.
It 6. _________(estimate) that the airprt will be hsting 72 millin passengers annually by 2025, 7. _________ in fact it’s been designed 8. _________(hld) nearly 100 millin passengers, s there are plenty f pprtunities f expansin dwn the line. The airprt’s main cnstructin includes extra features such as air traffic cntrl 9. _________(facility) and a high-speed railway. The huge airprt is being integrated int the city’s existing transprt links thrugh a series f expressways t help make passengers’ jurneys a little easier t. It is 10. _________ wrld’s largest integrated transprtatin center. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章从各个方面介绍了北京新大兴国际机场。
1. 【解析】fficially。考查副词。设空处所给词是修饰动词pen, 副词用来修饰动词。故填fficially。2. 【解析】cvering。考查非谓语动词。句意: 它绝对是巨大的, 占地约140个足球场那么大, 光是候机楼就有70万平方米。分析句式, 设空处作句子的状语, 其逻辑主语是it(机场), 与cver之间是主动关系, 因此用现在分词作状语。故填cvering。3. 【解析】its。考查代词。此处是修饰后面的名词shape, 因此要用形容词性物主代词。故填its。4. 【解析】t。考查固定搭配。lead t是固定短语, 表示“通向”。故填t。
5. 【解析】are。考查系动词。分析句式, 本句为主系表结构, 结合语境, 介绍一个事物用一般现在时, 主语是parts, 复数形式, 因此, be动词用are。故填are。6. 【解析】is estimated。考查语态。主语是It, 与estimate之间是被动关系。用be dne, 结合语境, 介绍机场用一般现在时, 因此填is estimated。7. 【解析】but。考查连词。句意: 据估计, 到2025年, 该机场每年将接待7 200万名乘客, 但事实上, 它的设计容量将近1亿名乘客。根据句意可知, 前后两句之间是转折关系, 用but连接。故填but。8. 【解析】t hld。考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句式可知, 此处是作目的状语, 用不定式形式。故填t hld。
9. 【解析】facilities。考查名词。句意: 机场主要建筑包括空中交通管制设施和高速铁路等额外设施。facility是可数名词, 结合句意可知, 不仅有一种设施。因此, 用其复数形式。故填facilities。10. 【解析】the。考查冠词。句意: 它是世界上最大的综合运输中心。根据后面的largest可知, 是最高级, 最高级前要用the修饰。故填the。
【知识拓展】1. It is estimated that. . . 据估计……
2. be being dne正在被The huge airprt is being integrated int the city’s existing transprt links thrugh a series f expressways t help make passengers’ jurneys a little easier t. 翻译: 庞大的机场通过一系列高速公路被整合到城市现有的交通运输中, 从而也使乘客的旅行变得更加轻松。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解A(2021·金华模拟) Yu’ve just finished a heavy meal and are full up. Suddenly, yur hst annunces prudly that he will be serving his “huse specialty” dessert, bananas flambe and that he has spent the better part f the afternn preparing it. Even thugh yu are full and dn’t even like bananas, yu accept a serving f his dessert and eat it all.
Clearly, bilgical factrs d nt fully explain ur eating behavir. Scial factrs, based n scietal rules and n what we have learned abut apprpriate eating behavir, als play an imprtant rle. Take, fr example, the simple fact that peple custmarily eat breakfast, lunch and dinner at apprximately the same times every day. Because we tend t eat n schedule every day, we feel hungry as the usual hur appraches.
Similarly, we put rughly the same amunt f fd n ur plate every day, even thugh the amunt f exercise we may have had, and cnsequently ur need fr energy supply, varies frm day t day. We als tend t prefer particular fd ver thers. Rats and dgs may be a delicacy in certain Asian cultures, but few peple in Western cultures find them appealing despite their ptentially high nutritinal value. In sum, cultural influences and ur individual habits play imprtant rles in determining when, what, and hw much we eat.
Other scial factrs relate t ur eating behavir as well. Sme f us head tward the refrigeratr after a difficult day, seeking cmfrt in a scp f Heath Bar Crunch ice cream. Perhaps when we were children, ur parents gave us fd when we were upset. Eventually, we may have learned t assciate fd with cmfrt. Similarly, we may learn that eating, which fcuses ur attentin n immediate pleasures, prvides an escape frm unpleasant thughts. Cnsequently, we may eat when we feel upset and anxius. 【文章大意】用餐后, 面对主人端来的甜点, 即使你不喜欢吃, 你可能也会吃下去。作者利用举例的方法解释了饮食方面的社会因素。
1. What causes yu t accept the hst’s dessert ffer at the end f the meal? A. Yur hunger. B. The hst’s pride. C. The pleasant taste. D. Scial pliteness. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段Even thugh yu are full and dn’t even like bananas, yu accept a serving f his dessert and eat it all和下文出现的scial factrs可知, 你吃下餐后的甜点是由于社交礼貌。故选D。
2. The authr explains the factrs in eating mainly by _________. A. making a cmparisnB. using examplesC. analyzing the dataD. undertaking a survey【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第二段fr example和第三段Rats and dgs以及第四段ur parents. . . 可知, 作者利用举例的方法解释饮食方面的原因。故选B。
3. Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the text? A. Scial Factrs in Eating. B. Causes f Hunger. C. Table Manners at Meals. D. Cultural Differences in Eating. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段Even thugh yu are full and dn’t even like bananas, yu accept a serving f his dessert and eat it all和下文出现的scial factrs和第四段的Other scial factrs 可知, 文章主要讲述饮食中的社会因素。故选A。
B Spending ver a year in the bleak (荒凉的) Antarctica might change yur brain fr the wrse, accrding t new research ut this mnth. It seems t shw that plar explrers wh lived fr 14 mnths at an Antarctica research statin experienced brain shrinkage, likely as a result f their lneliness and bredm.
The study’s authrs used MRI (核磁共振) t scan the brains f eight members f a team befre they began a lng stay at the German-run research statin. During their missin, the team peridically tk tests f their cgnitin and memry and prvided bld samples that allwed the study authrs t measure their levels f a prtein imprtant fr brain health called brain-derived neurtrphic factr (BDNF). When they returned, they had their brains scanned again.
Finally, cmpared t themselves befre the missin, the explrers’ brains appeared t have less grey matter n average. The shrinkage was mst apparent in the hippcampus, in area f the brain key t memry and cgnitin. Their average levels f BDNF als drpped during the trip and didn’t imprve significantly even after ne-and-a-half mnths back hme. The study’s findings, published in The New England Jurnal f Medicine, aren’t the first t suggest that lng time f being separated can change the brain. But practically all f this wrk has invlved animals, accrding t the researchers.
Of curse, an eight-persn study is small, s any f its cnclusins shuld be taken with cautin. Lead authr Alexander C. Stahn, nw a researcher at the Perelman Schl f Medicine at the University f Pennsylvania, said that the effects n the hippcampus are likely temprary, prvided the scientists returned back t a life filled with scial interactin and interesting things t see.
Still, since peple will cntinue traveling t and frm Antarctica fr lng perids f time, the findings are definitely wrth keeping in mind and explring further. They might even prve relevant fr the rare few peple wh might travel as far as Mars in the future — perhaps the nly similarly scientific, mnths-lng missin that wuld be even mre lnely. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有研究表明, 在一个孤独的地方待很长时间会对大脑造成损害。介绍了这项研究的过程、相关研究人员对此的看法和这一发现的重要性。
4. What will d damage t the brain accrding t the first paragraph? A. Ding research in brain shrinkage. B. Traveling t the Antarctica. C. Wrking as a researcher in a statin. D. Being in a lnely place fr a lng time.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段Spending ver a year in the bleak Antarctica might change yur brain fr the wrse, accrding t new research ut this mnth. It seems t shw that plar explrers wh lived fr 14 mnths at an Antarctica research statin experienced brain shrinkage, likely as a result f their lneliness and bredm. 可知, 根据本月公布的一项新研究, 在荒凉的南极洲度过一年多可能会让你的大脑变得更糟。这似乎表明, 在南极研究站生活了14个月的极地探险家的大脑出现了萎缩, 可能是由于他们的孤独和无聊。由此可知, 在一个孤独的地方待很长时间会对大脑造成损害。故选D。
5. Hw did the scientists get the cnclusin? A. By cmparing the scanned results. B. By studying the previus figures. C. By making a lng-term prgram. D. By scanning the participants’ brains.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段The study’s authrs used MRI t scan the brains f eight members f a team befre they began a lng stay at the German-run research statin. During their missin, the team peridically tk tests f their cgnitin and memry and prvided bld samples that allwed the study authrs t measure their levels f a prtein imprtant fr brain health called brain-derived neurtrphic factr (BDNF). When they returned, they had their brains scanned again. (该研究的作者在一个团队的8名成员开始在德国运营的研究站长期停留之前, 使用核磁共振成像扫描了他们的大脑。在他们执行任务的过程中, 团队成员定期进行认知和记忆测试, 并提供血样, 使研究作者能够测量他们的一种叫脑
源性神经营养因子的蛋白质水平, 这种蛋白质对大脑健康很重要。当他们返回时, 再次对他们的大脑进行扫描)以及第三段Finally, cmpared t themselves befre the missin, the explrers’ brains appeared t have less grey matter n average. The shrinkage was mst apparent in the hippcampus, in area f the brain key t memry and cgnitin. Their average levels f BDNF als drpped during the trip and didn’t imprve significantly even after ne-and-a-half mnths back hme. 可知, 最后, 与执行任务前相比, 探险者的大脑平均灰质较少。海马的萎缩最为明显, 主要是大脑中记忆和认知的关键区域。他们的平均BDNF水平在旅途中也有所下降, 即使在回家一个半月后也没有明显改善。由此可知, 科学家通过比较扫描结果得出结论。故选A。
6. What can we infer abut the explrers when they returned? A. They were n lnger used t the civilized wrld. B. They had sme difficulty in remembering things. C. They became nrmal after ne-and-a-half mnths. D. They published their findings in a medical magazine.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中Finally, cmpared t themselves befre the missin, the explrers’ brains appeared t have less grey matter n average. The shrinkage was mst apparent in the hippcampus, in area f the brain key t memry and cgnitin. 可知, 最后, 与执行任务前相比, 探险家的大脑平均灰质较少。海马的萎缩最为明显, 主要是大脑中记忆和认知的关键区域。由此可推知, 当探险家返回时, 他们在记忆方面有些困难。故选B。
7. What is the last paragraph mainly abut? A. The imprtance f the findings. B. The disadvantage f the findings. C. The future develpment f the space. D. The pssibility f travelling t Mars.
【解析】选A。段落大意题。根据最后一段Still, since peple will cntinue traveling t and frm Antarctica fr lng perids f time, the findings are definitely wrth keeping in mind and explring further. They might even prve relevant fr the rare few peple wh might travel as far as Mars in the future — perhaps the nly similarly scientific, mnths-lng missin that wuld be even mre lnely. 可知, 尽管如此, 由于人们将在很长一段时间内继续往返于南极洲之间, 这些发现绝对值得我们牢记在心, 值得进行进一步探索。它们甚至可能会被证明与未来可能远行到火星的极少数人有关——也许只有类似的科学性、长达数月的任务才会更加孤独。由此可知, 最后一段主要讲了这些发现的重要性。故选A。
【知识拓展】长难句分析During their missin, the team peridically tk tests f their cgnitin and memry and prvided bld samples that allwed the study authrs t measure their levels f a prtein imprtant fr brain health called brain-derived neurtrphic factr (BDNF). 分析: 该句是复合句。 “that allwed the study authrs t measure their levels f a prtein”作定语, 修饰先行词samples, 后面的imprtant fr brain health called brain-derived neurtrphic factr (BDNF)作后置定语, 修饰前面的a prtein。
翻译: 在他们执行任务的过程中, 团队成员定期进行认知和记忆测试, 并提供血样, 使研究作者能够测量他们的一种叫脑源性神经营养因子的蛋白质水平, 这种蛋白质对大脑健康很重要。
Ⅱ. 完形填空 That hliday mrning I didn’t have t attend schl. Usually, n hlidays, Mther 1 me t sleep in. And I wuld certainly take full advantage f it. On this particular mrning, 2 , I felt like getting up early. I std by my windw verlking the 3 , having nthing better t d. But as it turned ut, I was sn t learn abut smething 4 in life.
As I watched several peple g by, get int their cars and g ff, I 5 an ld man n a bicycle with a bucket n its 6 and a basket, rags and bttles n its back-carriage. He 7 frm ne car t anther, washing and cleaning them. Frm the water n the grund, it seemed that he had already 8 washing and cleaning abut a dzen r mre cars. He must have begun t wrk quite early in the mrning.
Several thughts 9 my mind as I watched him wrk. He wasn’t well-dressed. He had n a pair f shrts and a(n) 10 T-shirt. The bicycle he rde was nt by any means the kind mdern 11 wuld want t be seen riding n. But he seemed 12 with life. There he was, wrking hard at his small business, 13 at passers-by and stpping t chat nw and then 14 elderly men and wmen n their way t the market nearby. There was a nticeable tuch f 15 in the way he seemed t be ding things— 16 the windscreen, then standing back t admire it; scrubbing the wheels and 17 , standing back t see what they lk like after the scrub.
It was a 18 t learn, I felt. At n age need ne have t beg fr a 19 if ne has gd health and is willing t wrk hard. Fr a while I felt 20 f myself. Yung as I am—just sixteen, and there was this ld man wh must have been usefully engaged perhaps befre the sun appeared abve the hrizn. 【文章大意】本文是记叙文。某假日的早晨, 作者起得早早的。窗外停车场上, 一位普通洗车工忙碌而自得其乐的情景令他悟得人生真谛: 身体棒、肯劳动就会成为有用之人!
1. A. frces B. allwsC. causesD. frbids【解析】选B。句意: 通常, 在节假日, 母亲允许我睡懒觉。frces强迫; allws允许; causes引起; frbids禁止。假日不用上学, 所以母亲允许我睡懒觉。故选B。2. A. therwiseB. therefreC. hweverD. besides【解析】选C。句意: 在这个早晨, 然而, 我格外想早起。therwise否则; therefre因此; hwever然而; besides另外。在这一天, 我一反常态, 起得早早的。与上文形成对比转折关系。故选C。
3. A. parking ltB. bus stpC. schlD. market【解析】选A。句意: 没有更好的事可做, 我站在窗边俯瞰停车场。parking lt停车场; bus stp公共汽车站; schl学校; market市场。由下文对洗车工忙碌的介绍可推测作者俯瞰窗外的停车场。故选A。
4. A. interestingB. surprisingC. awfulD. useful【解析】选D。句意: 但事实证明, 我很快学到了生活中有用的一课。interesting有趣的; surprising令人惊讶的; awful可怕的; useful有用的。从最后一段看出作者通过观察洗车工忙碌而自得其乐的情形感悟到人有着勤劳而健康的双手就会成为有用之人。这确实是有益的一课。故选D。
5. A. nticedB. recgnizedC. calledD. assisted【解析】选A。句意: 当我看到几个人经过, 上了他们的车然后走了时, 我注意到一个老人骑着单车, 车把上挂着一只水桶, 后车架上载着抹布和瓶瓶罐罐。nticed注意到; recgnized意识到; called呼叫; assisted帮助。在忙碌而有序的洗车场上作者注意到一位骑着单车前来洗车的老人。故选A。
6. A. backB. handleC. wheelD. seat【解析】选B。back背部; handle把手; wheel轮子; seat座位。描绘洗车工自行车的扶手上挂着一只水桶, 后车架上载着抹布和瓶瓶罐罐。handle 有“手柄, 车把”之意。故选B。
7. A. searchedB. leftC. mvedD. wandered【解析】选C。句意: 他从一辆车移动到另一辆车, 清洗着它们。searched寻找; left离开; mved移动; wandered徘徊。洗车时当然是从一辆车洗到另一辆车。有“移动”之意。故选C。
8. A. stppedB. startedC. intendedD. finished【解析】选D。句意: 从地上的水可以看出, 似乎他已经清洗完了大约十二辆或者更多的车辆。stpped停止; started开始; intended打算; finished完成。从文章描述淌满地的水, 可以看出洗车工已洗完大约十二辆车甚至更多。故选D。
9. A. crssedB. slippedC. disturbedD. inspired【解析】选A。句意: 当我看着他工作时, 脑子里闪过一些想法。crssed穿过; slipped滑动; disturbed干扰; inspired鼓舞。作者看到洗车工工作专注而勤劳的情形, 脑子里闪过一些想法。 A项符合语境。故选A。
10. A. attractiveB. shinyC. simpleD. expensive【解析】选C。句意: 他穿得不好, 他穿着短裤和一件简单的T恤。attractive具有吸引力的; shiny有光泽的; simple简单的; expensive昂贵的。由前一句得知, 洗车工穿着简朴, 简单, 穿着短裤和简朴的T恤衫。故选C。
11. A. repairmenB. businessmenC. driversD. cyclists【解析】选D。句意: 他骑的自行车绝不是专业自行车骑手想被看到骑行的那种现代的自行车。repairmen修理工; businessmen生意人; drivers司机; cyclists骑自行车的人。洗车工用的车绝不是专业自行车骑手所用的那一种。cyclists 指自行车骑手。故选D。
12. A. busyB. cntentC. carefulD. bred【解析】选B。句意: 但是他似乎对生活很满意。busy忙碌的; cntent满意的; careful细心的; bred感到厌烦的。be (seem) cntent with 表示“对……满意”。根据文章所述, 洗车工虽忙碌辛苦却对此很满意。故选B。
13. A. wavingB. lkingC. laughingD. pinting【解析】选A。句意: 他在那里, 在他的小生意上努力工作, 向经过的人挥着手, 不时地停下来与去附近市场的老年人闲聊。waving挥动; lking看; laughing大笑; pinting指向。描述洗车工工作时时而向过路人挥手, 时而停下手中的活与去市场的老人小叙一番。故选A。
14. A. abutB. frC. withD. like【解析】选C。chat with sb. 表示与某人闲聊。故选C。15. A. wrryB. respectC. sympathyD. pride【解析】选D。句意: 他做事时, 有一种明显的自豪感。wrry担忧; respect尊重; sympathy同情; pride自豪。根据下文描述的洗车工擦完挡风玻璃后会欣赏一番, 洗完车轮后也会欣赏一番, 由此可知, 一股自豪(pride)满意之情溢于言表。故选D。
16. A. cleaningB. fixingC. replacingD. cvering【解析】选A。句意: ……清洗挡风玻璃, 然后站回去欣赏它。cleaning打扫; fixing固定, 安装; replacing替代; cvering覆盖。由后文的分号和scrubbing综合得知, 此处用scrubbing的同义词。表示清洗挡风玻璃。故选A。
17. A. stillB. yetC. againD. sn【解析】选C。句意: 擦洗轮子后又退后看看它们在擦完后的样子。still仍然; yet还; again又; sn不久。前文说洗车工擦洗完挡风玻璃, 就“standing back t admire it ”; 当洗干净车轮后又“standing back t see. . . ”。故选C。
18. A. lessnB. subjectC. skillD. fact【解析】选A。句意: 我觉得它是学到的一堂课。lessn课; subject科目; skill技能; fact事实。洗车工感人而令人遐思的忙碌又自得其乐的场景, 仿佛给作者上了一堂人生之课。故选A。
19. A. businessB. livingC. successD. right【解析】选B。句意: 如果一个人有良好的健康并且愿意努力工作, 在任何年龄都不需要为生活乞讨。business生意; living生活; success成功; right权利。作者得出的人生真谛——有着健康的身体和勤劳的双手, 任何年龄段的人都不需要乞讨谋生(过着不劳而获的生活)。故选B。
20. A. tiredB. dubtfulC. fearfulD. ashamed【解析】选D。句意: 有一会儿, 我为自己感到羞愧。tired劳累的; dubtful怀疑的; fearful可怕的; ashamed羞愧的。根据下文Yung as I am—just sixteen, and there was this ld man wh must have been usefully engaged perhaps befre the sun appeared abve the hrizn. 可推断, 作者为自己这么年轻而无所事事感到羞愧。故选D。
【知识拓展】1. As 的倒装句型原文最后一段: Yung as I am—just sixteen, and there was this ld man wh must have been usefully engaged perhaps befre the sun appeared abve the hrizn. as 引导的倒装句, 表语提前, 意思为“尽管”。例如: ① Exhausted as he was, he still struggled t his feet. 虽然筋疲力尽, 他依然挣扎着站起来。②Cute as the squirrel was, it tre my magazine. 虽然松鼠很可爱, 但是它撕毁了我的杂志。
2. It seemed that . . . 似乎……原文第三段: Frm the water n the grund, it seemed that he had already finished washing and cleaning abut a dzen r mre cars. 此句型实质上是“主+系+表”结构。其中it是主语, seemed为系动词, that引导表语从句。强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近实际情况的判断。例如: It seems that n ne knws what has happened in the park. 似乎没有人知道公园里发生了什么。
Ⅲ. 语法填空 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing’s new Daxing Internatinal Airprt is 1. _________(fficial) pen fr business. It’s abslutely massive, 2. _________(cver) the size f apprximately 140 ftball fields—the terminal building(候机楼) alne is 700, 000 square metres. The eye-catching airprt terminal actually lks a little like smething ut f a sci-fi film with 3. _________(it) spider-like shape.
Passengers can find the restaurants, shps and airprt security in the central part f the airprt, while each “arm” f the airprt will lead 4. _________ the barding gates and the eight runways. The inside parts f it 5. _________(be) just as impressive as the airprt’s unexpected shape, with high ceilings and swirling-type(漩涡型) architectural features thrughut.
It 6. _________(estimate) that the airprt will be hsting 72 millin passengers annually by 2025, 7. _________ in fact it’s been designed 8. _________(hld) nearly 100 millin passengers, s there are plenty f pprtunities f expansin dwn the line. The airprt’s main cnstructin includes extra features such as air traffic cntrl 9. _________(facility) and a high-speed railway. The huge airprt is being integrated int the city’s existing transprt links thrugh a series f expressways t help make passengers’ jurneys a little easier t. It is 10. _________ wrld’s largest integrated transprtatin center. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章从各个方面介绍了北京新大兴国际机场。
1. 【解析】fficially。考查副词。设空处所给词是修饰动词pen, 副词用来修饰动词。故填fficially。2. 【解析】cvering。考查非谓语动词。句意: 它绝对是巨大的, 占地约140个足球场那么大, 光是候机楼就有70万平方米。分析句式, 设空处作句子的状语, 其逻辑主语是it(机场), 与cver之间是主动关系, 因此用现在分词作状语。故填cvering。3. 【解析】its。考查代词。此处是修饰后面的名词shape, 因此要用形容词性物主代词。故填its。4. 【解析】t。考查固定搭配。lead t是固定短语, 表示“通向”。故填t。
5. 【解析】are。考查系动词。分析句式, 本句为主系表结构, 结合语境, 介绍一个事物用一般现在时, 主语是parts, 复数形式, 因此, be动词用are。故填are。6. 【解析】is estimated。考查语态。主语是It, 与estimate之间是被动关系。用be dne, 结合语境, 介绍机场用一般现在时, 因此填is estimated。7. 【解析】but。考查连词。句意: 据估计, 到2025年, 该机场每年将接待7 200万名乘客, 但事实上, 它的设计容量将近1亿名乘客。根据句意可知, 前后两句之间是转折关系, 用but连接。故填but。8. 【解析】t hld。考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句式可知, 此处是作目的状语, 用不定式形式。故填t hld。
9. 【解析】facilities。考查名词。句意: 机场主要建筑包括空中交通管制设施和高速铁路等额外设施。facility是可数名词, 结合句意可知, 不仅有一种设施。因此, 用其复数形式。故填facilities。10. 【解析】the。考查冠词。句意: 它是世界上最大的综合运输中心。根据后面的largest可知, 是最高级, 最高级前要用the修饰。故填the。
【知识拓展】1. It is estimated that. . . 据估计……
2. be being dne正在被The huge airprt is being integrated int the city’s existing transprt links thrugh a series f expressways t help make passengers’ jurneys a little easier t. 翻译: 庞大的机场通过一系列高速公路被整合到城市现有的交通运输中, 从而也使乘客的旅行变得更加轻松。
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