高考英语课后达标检测：Sandstorms in Asia Word版解析版

这是一份高考英语课后达标检测：Sandstorms in Asia Word版解析版，共8页。试卷主要包含了________等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·长沙统一模拟)When she first started learning abut the climate change frm ne f her elders, Fawn Sharp was invited n a helicpter flight ver the Olympic Muntains t survey the Munt Andersn glacier. But the glacier was gne, melted by the warming climate. Sharp had a deep sense f lss when she discvered the glacier wasn’t there anymre.
Lss is a grwing issue fr peple wrking and living n the frnt lines f climate change. And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinsn, a full­time lecturer at the University f Washingtn Bthell, US, an idea fr a class.
This term, she taught students n the Bthell campus abut the emtinal burdens f envirnmental studies. She used the experiences f Native American tribes(部落), scientists and activists, and asked her 24 students t face the reality that there is n easy fix—that “this is such an intractable prblem that they’re ging t be dealing with it fr the rest f their lives.”
Student Cdy Dilln used t be a climate science skeptic(怀疑论者). Then he did his wn reading and research, and changed his mind.
Dilln wasn’t ging int envirnmental wrk—he was a cmputer­science majr. Yet, the ptential fr a wrldwide envirnmental catastrphe seemed s real t him five years ag that he quit his jb and became a full­time vlunteer fr an envirnmental grup that wrked n restratin(恢复) prjects.
Six mnths int the wrk, he decided that Atkinsn’s class was just what he was lking fr—a place where he culd discuss his cncerns abut a changing climate.
Atkinsn said she hped the class helped her students prepare themselves fr the amunt f envirnmental lss that will happen ver their lifetimes.
“We are already changing the planet—s many species are ging t be lst, displaced r massively impacted，” she said. “The future isn’t ging t be what they imagined.”
【解题导语】 Fawn Sharp通过一次搭乘直升机飞行的经历认识到了冰川融化的严重性，同时Jennifer Wren Atkinsn给学生开设了课程，教学生如何面对气候变化，她的课程让很多学生关注环境问题。
1．Why did the authr mentin the case f Fawn Sharp?
A．T lay a basis fr Fawn Sharp’s further research.
B．T prve Fawn Sharp’s wrk is similar t Atkinsn’s.
C．T lead int the issue f lss caused by climate change.
D．T shw scientists’ cncern abut the Munt Andersn glacier.
C 解析：推理判断题。通读第一段可知，Fawn Sharp在一次直升机飞行中意识到气候变化导致了冰川融化；由此可推知，作者在第一段中提及Fawn Sharp的例子是为了引出下文气候变化导致环境问题的话题，故选C。
2．What’s the main purpse f Atkinsn’s class?
A．T explre hw different peple deal with climate change.
B．T get students mre cncerned abut the envirnmental issue.
C．T find slutins t the envirnmental issue f Olympic Muntains.
D．T teach students hw t cnduct research abut envirnment.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“she taught emtinal burdens f envirnmental asked her 24 students t face the reality that there is n easy fix—that ‘this is such an intractable prblem that they’re ging t be dealing with it fr the rest f their lives.’”可知，她给学生讲环境研究的情感压力，她让她的24个学生面对没有简单的解决方法这个事实——这是“一个如此困难的问题以至于学生们将用他们的余生来解决它。”由此可知，Atkinsn的课程目的是让学生们更加关注环境问题，故选B。
3．Which f the fllwing wrds best explains “intractable” underlined in Paragraph 3?
A．Simple. B．Difficult.
C．Cmmn. D．Interesting.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据上文可知，Atkinsn用美洲土著部落、科学家以及积极分子们的经历让她的24个学生面对没有简单的解决方法这个事实，并结合该句“this is such an intractable prblem that they’re ging t be dealing with it fr the rest f their lives”可知，这是一个如此困难的问题以至于学生们将用他们的余生来解决它，故选B。
4．Hw did Atkinsn’s class influence Dilln?
A．It made him wrk as a part­time vlunteer fr restratin prjects.
B．It made him realize a planet­wide climate disaster wuld happen.
C．It encuraged him t be mre invlved in envirnmental prtectin.
D．It discuraged him t wrk n restratin prjects fr the envirnment.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Six mnths int the his cncerns abut a changing climate.”可知，Dilln在环保组织做了六个月志愿者之后，他认为在Atkinsn的课堂上他可以讨论他对气候变化的担忧；由此可推知，Atkinsn的课程鼓励Dilln参与环境保护，故选C。
B
(2020·湖北武昌区调研)Histrians and archaelgists have defined perids f human histry fr centuries by the technlgies r materials that made the greatest impact n sciety. This includes the Stne Age, the Brnze Age, and the Irn Age. But what age are we in nw? That questin can be answered with ne wrd fr sme researchers: Plastics.
“Plastic has redefined ur material culture and the artifacts we leave behind. It will be fund in stratified(分层的) layers in ur trash depsits(沉积层)．” That’s accrding t Jhn Marstn, an archaelgist.
The wide variety f synthetic plymers(合成聚合物) wuld nt exist if it weren’t fr human actin. Abut six billin tns f plastics have been made and spread arund the planet. They have been spread frm frests t ceans ever since the first plastic plymers were invented.
Plastics are ne f the mst significant changes that humans have made t the Earth’s makeup. Mst plastics dn’t easily degrade. This nly adds t the prblem. Recycling isn’t an adequate slutin. Nt all types f plastic are easily recyclable. And there are nly a few recycling plants that can prcess all varieties f plastic.
Accrding t Debra Winter, writer fr The Atlantic, this means that many f the materials thrwn int recycling bins can crss the planet several times befre they are prcessed. They are made int rugs, sweaters, r they are used t make ther bttles. Millins f tns f plastics are recycled every year, but millins mre end up in landfills r the cean. The prblem has reached the pint where it’s pssible that in just a few decades there might be mre plastic in the wrld’s ceans than fishes.
“Plastics have a suppsed lifespan f ver 500 years, s it’s safe t say that every plastic bttle yu have used exists smewhere n this planet, in sme frm r anther，” Winter writes.
The damage may already be dne. It may be t late fr human ppulatins wrldwide t change their plastic using ways. S the Plastic Age might sn take its place next t the Brnze Age and the Irn Age in the histry f human civilizatin.
【解题导语】 在我们所处的时代，塑料给我们的生活带来了很大便利，但是也给环境造成了巨大损害。
5．Why d peple call ur age the Plastic Age?
A．Because plastics are nt naturally made.
B．Because humans create plastics.
C．Because plastics influence the wrld greatly.
D．Because histrians and archaelgists think s.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，历史学家和考古学家是通过对社会造成最大影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期的，由此可推知，我们称现在这个时代为塑料时代的原因是塑料极大地影响了世界，故C项正确。
6．Accrding t the passage, hw are mst plastics dealt with currently?
A．They are recycled.
B．They are degraded.
C．They are thrwn away.
D．They are made int bttles.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Millins f tns f plastics are recycled every year, but millins mre end up in landfills r the cean.”可知，每年数百万吨的塑料垃圾被回收，但是更多的塑料垃圾最终被扔到垃圾场或海洋中了，故C项正确。
7．What is the authr’s attitude t the Plastic Age?
A．Negative. B．Ambiguus.
C．Favrable. D．Uncncerned.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据全文内容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾对社会的巨大的负面影响，尤其在最后一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾对社会可能已经造成了损害，世界各地的人们改变使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者对塑料时代持消极态度。故A项正确。
8．What is the main idea f this passage?
A．Plastics have ruined ur envirnment.
B．We must stp using plastics altgether.
C．Human beings are in the Plastic Age.
D．Plastics are significant t human develpment.
C 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是我们人类现在处于塑料时代并解释了我们这个时代被称为塑料时代的原因，由此可推知，C项最符合文意。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·石家庄高三一模)Three in five peple in the UK hld a library card. Fr sme, libraries are a shelter frm the stresses f day­t­day life. 1.________ If yu’re cnsidering jining yur lcal library, nw is the time t d s. And if yu need any mre encuragement, here are several reasns why yu shuld.
Mst libraries in the UK allw members f the general public t cme and g as they like. 2.________ Yu can als take ut a library card and brrw bks fr free, althugh yu will inevitably face a fine fr late returns.
3．________ Imagine just hw many bks yu have at yur fingertips with a library card. There are lts f mdern nes, as well as riginal nes, and yu can cntinue t expand yur learning and vcabulary all the time. It’s a priceless experience, especially fr kids, and als a great way t level the educatinal playing field.
Libraries develp with times. They have changed greatly since decades ag. 4.________ Sme libraries have apps s yu can see when yur bks are due back and even reserve bks in sme cases. There are als libraries which let yu access bks in digital frmats n yur mbile device—pretty cl.
Libraries are ne f very few spaces left in twns and cities where members f the public can cme tgether and actually be and feel like a cmmunity. They have nticebards t ffer services like exercise classes r learning centres. 5.________
A．Libraries help peple learn.
B．Libraries help educate the kids.
C．They create a great sense f cmmunity.
D．Yu can g in, settle dwn and read a bk withut being charged a penny.
E．Mst libraries nw have cmputers and allw peple t brrw CDs and DVDs.
F．Libraries help us save mney as we’re brrwing bks rather than buying them.
G．Fr thers, particularly the hmeless and peple in pverty, a lifeline t the wrld.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了加入图书馆的原因。图书馆是人们减压的好场所，在那里人们还可以免费学习文化知识。图书馆随着时代发展，创造了一种社区意识。
1．G 解析：根据空前一句“Fr sme, libraries are a shelter frm the stresses f day­t­day life.”可知，对一些人来说，图书馆是躲避日常生活压力的庇护所；据此可推知，空处应与此对应，介绍其他人对图书馆的看法，故G项符合语境。
2．D 解析：根据空后一句“Yu can als take ut a library card and brrw bks fr free, althugh yu will inevitably face a fine fr late returns.”可知，你也可以拿出借书证免费借书，不过如果逾期还书，你将不可避免地面临罚款；据此可推知，空处应是介绍在图书馆免费读书的情况，故D项符合语境，衔接上下文。且D项中的“Yu can”与空后一句中的“Yu can als”相呼应。
3．A 解析：根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合对本段的整体理解，尤其是该段第三句“There are lts f mdern nes, as well as riginal nes, and yu can cntinue t expand yur learning and vcabulary all the time.”可知，通过阅读，你可以一直拓展你的学习，扩大你的词汇量；据此可知，该段主要说明了图书馆可以帮助人学习，故A项正确。
4．E 解析：根据本段的主题句“Libraries develp with times.”和空后的“Sme libraries have apps”可知，空处应是介绍现如今的图书馆利用现代技术设备的情况，故E项与此处匹配。
5．C 解析：根据该段第一句“Libraries are ne f very few spaces left in twns and cities where members f the public can cme tgether and actually be and feel like a cmmunity.”可知，图书馆能让公众聚集起来成为一个社区；结合空处位置可知，空处总结该段，即图书馆创造了一种社区意识，故C项正确。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·江西三校联考)Vegetarianism(素食主义) is becming ne rising trend in the UK, as mre peple are deciding nt 1.____________(eat) meat and animal prducts. Vegetarians are peple wh dn’t eat meat, while vegans are peple wh dn’t eat r use any animal prducts at all. These lifestyles 2.____________(becme) mre well­knwn in the UK. 3.____________ are Britns cutting their meat? Many are unhappy abut the pr treatment f animals and the effects f meat and fish prductin 4.____________ the envirnment. 5.____________(wrry) abut fd safety and fdbrne illnesses, such as mad cw disease, have als played a part. Others chse t change their eating habits in rder t becme 6.____________(healthy). Accrding t the Vegetarian Sciety, a meatfree diet can help reduce 7.____________ risk f certain cancers, as well as heart disease and high bld pressure.
Organic farming is 8.____________ rising trend that is appearing in the UK. Many peple are rejecting genetically mdified (转基因的) fd and want their fd t be 9.____________(rganic) prduced. Organic farmers use very few r n chemicals. Organic meat 10.____________(prduce) withut the use f drugs.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了英国正在流行的两大趋势，即素食主义和有机农业。
1．t eat 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为固定搭配decide nt t d sth.“决定不做某事”，故用不定式作宾语。
2．are becming 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。与上文“Vegetarianism(素食主义) is becming ne rising trend in the UK”呼应可知，此处用现在进行时，表示现在的一种趋势，且与句子主语的复数形式保持一致，故用are becming。
3．Why 解析：考查疑问副词。与语境中的问号呼应，并结合下文的内容可推知，此处表示对原因的疑问，故用特殊疑问词Why。
4．n 解析：考查介词。effect n sb./sth.意为“对某人/某(事)物有影响”，为固定搭配，故用介词n。
5．Wrries 解析：考查名词的单复数。wrry为可数名词时，意为“令人担忧的事”，且根据语境及该句中的have可知，此处用名词的复数形式作主语。
6．healthier 解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：为了变得更健康，其他一些人选择改变他们的饮食习惯。此处包含一个比较的概念，故用形容词比较级形式作becme的表语。
7．the 解析：考查冠词。risk被介词短语f certain cancers修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。
8．anther 解析：考查限定词。与上文“Vegetarianism(素食主义) is becming ne rising trend in the UK”呼应可知，此处表示另外一种兴起的趋势，故用限定词anther修饰名词trend，表示“再一，另一”。
9．rganically 解析：考查副词。修饰动词用副词，故用副词rganically修饰动词prduced。
10．is prduced 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，prduce与句子主语Organic meat是被动关系，且表示客观叙述，故用其一般现在时的被动语态形式。