高中英语It的用法盘点讲义

这是一份高中英语It的用法盘点讲义，主要包含了用作形式主语，用作形式宾语，It 句式大盘点等内容，欢迎下载使用。
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。如：
It is stupid t d such a thing. 做这种事真蠢。
It’s n gd sitting up t late. 熬夜没有好处。
It is necessary that he shuld be sent there at nce. 有必要马上派他到那里去。
注：类似以下句子中的it也可视为形式主语：
It happened that the harvest was bad in 1988. 碰巧1988年的收成很不好。
It seems that she is afraid t tell them abut it. 似乎她怕将此事告诉他们。
二、用作形式宾语
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。如：
I’ve made it a rule never t hurry. 我已养成凡事从容不迫的习惯。
D yu think it pssible t rt ut crime? 你认为可以根除犯罪吗?
He fund it difficult t learn English well. 他觉得学习英语很难。
注：通常意义的形式宾语主要见于真正宾语为不定式、动名词、从句等且其后跟有宾语补足语时的情形，即用于“动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”这样的结构，但以下两类形式宾语却比较特殊，其后没有宾语补足语：
1. 由于介词后通常不能直接跟that从句作宾语，有个别特殊结构就在介词后先接it作形式宾语，再跟that从句。如：
Yu may depend n it that it is true. 你可以相信这是真的。
I can’t answer fr it that he will help yu. 我不能保证他会帮你。
When yu start the engine, yu must see t it that the car is in neutral. 开发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。
2. 有的动词(如like, lve, enjy, hate, dislike, appreciate, prefer等)由于通常只用作及物动词，当它们后接if从句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。如：
I dn’t like it when yu call me “Bss”. 我不喜欢你叫我叫老板。
I hate it when peple talk with their muths full. 我不喜欢人们嘴里含着饭说话。
We really appreciate it when she ffered t help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。
三、It 句式大盘点
1. It is necessary (fr sb.) t d sth. 句式
在该句式中，it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正主语，不定式的逻辑主语用fr sb.。句式中的形容词通常表示不定式的重要性、必要性、
难易程度等基本情况。如 imprtant, necessary, natural, easy, safe, cmmn, nrmal, hard, difficult, dangerus, unusual, rare, impssible, pleasant等 。
例如：
It is very imprtant fr us t take part in physical training ut f class.
It is t difficult fr a three-year-ld child t answer such a questin.
不可以说：
*We are very imprtant t take part in physical training ut f class.
*A three-year-ld child is t difficult t answer such a questin.
2. It is kind (f sb.) t d sth. 句式
该句式与上述句式十分相似，形容词往往表示不定式逻辑主语的品质或特征属性，所以用f sb., 不用fr sb. 常见的这类形容词有：gd, bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, flish, hnest, hrrible, kind, lazy, mdest, naughty, nice, plite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrng,等。例如：
It is very kind f yu t help me ut f truble.
It was brave f him t jump int the river t rescue the drwning by.
上述两句可以转换为：
Yu are very kind t help me ut f truble.
He was brave t jump int the river t rescue the drwning by.
3. It is n gd (use, pleasure, fun) ding sth. 句式
该句式中，it是形式主语，表语部分是否定意义，形容词往往表示“益处，用处，乐趣”等含义，真正主语一般用动名词形式。例如：
It is n gd learning English withut speaking English.
It is n fun climbing muntains n raining days.
4. It is clear (apparent, bvius, true, prbable, likely, pssible, impssible, certain…) that句式
该句式中，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，这是it引导主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s rund and tall like a tree. = That he’s rund and tall like a tree is very clear.
It is very likely that he will nt cnsent.= That he will nt cnsent is likely.
5. It is imprtant (necessary, right, strange, natural...) that句式
该句式跟上一个同属一种类型。由于主句中的形容词性质不一样，它们表示事物的重要性、必要性、正确与否以及带有“出乎意料的语气”，所以，that 从句中要用虚拟语气（shuld + 动词原形）。建议让学生记住用于该句型的形容词。例如：
It is imprtant that we shuld learn English well.
It is necessary that he shuld remember these language rules.
6. It is said (reprted, believed, agreed, annunced, hped, expected, thught...) that句式
该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道，人们相信……）”。
It is said that he has gne t Ls Angles.
It is reprted that anther earth satellite has been sent int rbit.
7. It is suggested (rdered, recmmended, required...) that句式
该句式跟上一个同属一种类型。主句中的过去分词表示请求，建议，命令等含义，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（shuld + 动词原形），shuld 可以省略。常译为“据建议（有命令说……）
It is suggested that the meeting (shuld) be put ff till next Friday.
It was rdered that the sldiers (shuld) arrive there in tw hurs.
8. It is a pity (a shame, a fact, a wnder, a pleasure...) that句式
该句式中，如果表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”，that从句也用虚拟语气（shuld + 动词原形）。若没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing shuld happen in yur class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
9. It is time (abut time, high time) that句式
该句式中，that 后的从句用虚拟语气：可以使用一般过去时态, 有时也用shuld + 动词原形。常译为“该是…的时候了”，意味着时间有些晚了。
It is time that children went t bed.
It is high time we began t wrk n the painting.
It is abut time that we shuld have ur lunch.
10. It is the first (secnd...) time that句式
该句式要跟上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而是用完成时态。主句的谓语动词如果是一般现在时，后面从句就用现在完成时；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时。该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换。常译为“这是第一（二）次……”。
It is the first time I have been t the Great Wall.
It was the third time he had brken the rules.

11. It 句式
该句式主要用于表达非延续动词和一段时间连用的问题。It is 之后是一段时间，时态是一般现在时（有时可以是现在完成时），since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。
It is five years since my lder brther jined the army.
It has been a lng time since we departed last time.
12. It is 句式
该句式中的 when 引导一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 是代词指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候，时间是……”。
It was 5 ’clck when he came here.
It was midnight when he returned hme.
13. It be +一段时间+ befre句式
该句型中，it 是代词指时间, 主句中的时态通常是将来时或过去时两种时态。主句中的表语多是lng, nt lng, 3 days, 2 weeks 等表示一段时间。常译为“……之后就……”。
It was 3 days befre he came back hme. 三天后他回了家。（直译：在他回家之前时间是三天。）
It will be nt lng befre he finishes his jb. 不久后他就会完成工作。（直译：在他完成工作之前，时间是不会长的。）
【句子分析】
It will be half a year befre I cme back. 在我回来之前，时间将有半年。意为“我半年之后才会回来。”
It was lng befre they met again. 在他们再次见面前（的日子里），时间是很长的。意为“过了好久他们才又见面。”
It wn't be lng befre yu regret fr what yu’ve dne. 在你后悔你的所作所为之前，时间不会长了。意为“不久你就会为你的所作所为后悔的。”
以上三句，It表示“时间”，befre表示“在……之前”的本义，结合时态和肯定否定，就很容易理解句子的含义了。
14. It happens (seems, appears) that句式
该句式中，it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，也可以理解成是一固定句型。
It (s) happened that he met an ld friend f his in the street. 碰巧他在大街上见到了他的一位老朋友。
It seems that it will rain this afternn. 今下午看起来要下雨。
15. It desn’t matter whether (if, wh-wrd) 句式
该句式中whether 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为“不论（是否，何时，何地什么等）……没关系……”。
It desn’t matter whether they are ld r new.
It desn’t matter what he says.
It matters little if I miss my bus.
16. It lks (seems, appears) as if句式
该句式中it作为引导词无意义, as if 引导一个方式状语从句（一说表语从句，因为放在系动词之后）。常译为“看起来好像……”，如果与
事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。
It lks as if that ld man is ill.
It seemed as if it were ging t rain.
It appears as if they have lst interest.
17. It is a waste f time (mney) ding sth. 句式
It’s a waste f time talking t him.
It is a waste f mney buying such an ld car.
18. (It is) n wnder (that) 句式
It’s n wnder that he is nt hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.
N wnder he was s pleased.
19. It makes a (n, mush) difference whether句式
It’s desn’t make much difference whether I am there r nt.
It will make a difference whether yu knw first aid r nt.
19. It takes sb. +time+ t d sth. 句式
It tk thusands f peple ten years t build the palace.
It takes years t master a new language.
【说明】此句型可以有如下几种转换：
It tk me an hur t write the letter.
=The letter tk me an hur t write.
=I tk an hur t write the letter.
20. It is up t sb t d sth. 句式
It’s up t yu t make the chice.
It is up t her t d the jb.
21. I think it imprtant t d sth. 句式
该句式中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便，我们称该句型为“6123结构”。
6指主句中6个常用动词：think, believe, make, find, cnsider, feel；1指形式宾语it ；2指宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3指真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。
This special strain f rice makes it pssible t prduce ne-third mre f the crp in the same fields.
She made it a rule t get up at six and take a walk in the mrning.
D yu find it funny t see smene sliding n a banana skin?
The teacher feels it his duty t help the student with his English.
We thught it necessary that the tw sides shuld stp arguing.
I cnsider it rude t stare at ther peple.
We believe it useless reading withut standing.
22. I like it if (when) 句式
在一些表示“喜好、厌恶”的动词之后，如enjy, like, dislike, lve, hate, prefer, appreciate等，后接 if 从句或 when 从句，通常先在动词后接it 作形式宾语。
She wn’t like it if yu arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。
He hates it when peple use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。
I hate it if yu say such things in public. 我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。
I’d prefer it if I didn’t have t d s much wrk. 要是我不必做那么多工作，那就太好了。
I wuld appreciate it very much if yu wuld help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。
I dn't lve it when she tells me hw t d things. 我不喜欢她对我做事指手划脚。
23. S+V+ it + that句式
I take it yu have been ut. 我猜你刚出去回来。
Yu can put it that it was arranged befre. 你可以说这是以前安排的。
I like it that yu came.你来了，我很高兴。
Rumr has it that the defense minister will sn resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。
24. S+V+ prep + it + that句式
说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see t, lk t, insist n, stick t, depend n, answer fr 等。
I’ll see t it that all these letters will be sent t the pst befre twelve. 我将注意让所有的信件在12点以前送到邮局。
Lk t it that this desn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。
Yu may rely n it that he’ll cme t meet yu. 你放心，他会来接你的。
Yu may depend n it that he will turn up in time. 你可以相信他会及时赶到的。
I can’t answer fr it that the by is hnest. (=I can’t answer fr his hnesty). 我不能保证这个 男孩是诚实的。
I can swear t it that this man stle ur mney. 我可以发誓，这个人偷了我们的钱。