2021版新高考译林英语（江苏专版）一轮教师用书：必修5Unit2Theenvironment

[单词　拼写应用]

核心单词

1．debate n．& vi.辩论；争论，讨论

2．arrest vt.& n．逮捕

3．conflict vi.冲突，抵触 n．冲突；矛盾

4．decrease vt.& vi.减少 n．减少

5．measure n．措施，方法；尺度 vt.测量；估量，判定

6．range n．范围；一系列；山脉 vi.(在一定范围内)变化；排列，排序；包括

7．absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注

8．particular adj.专指的，特指的，特别的；讲究的，挑剔的

9．conserve vt.保护，保存；节省，节约

10．recycle vt.& vi.回收利用

11．duty n．责任，义务，本分

12．production n．产量；生产

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空

1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)This smart keyboard precisely measures (measure) the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.

2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working，and that's plenty of time for your skin  to_absorb (absorb) a day's worth of Vitamin D.

3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased(decrease) pollution in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Making lovely objects using recycled(recycle) and made materials.

5．(2017·北京卷)The national park has a large collection of wildlife，ranging(range) from butterflies to elephants.

6．On getting off the plane，he got arrested(arrest) by the waiting police.

7．Social progress is normally a matter of struggles and conflicts (conflict)．

8．They sat for hours debating(debate) the advantages and disadvantages of setting up their own firm.

9．Let recycled papers be_conserved(conserve) for the many purposes they are more fit for.

拓展单词

1．belief n．看法；信念→believe vt.相信

2．responsible adj.应承担责任的→responsibility n．责任，职责

3．appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会→appreciation n．欣赏；鉴别；感谢

4．impress vt.使印象深刻→impression n．印象→impressive adj.给人印象深刻的

5．operate vt.& vi.经营；动手术→operation n．操作；经营；手术→operator n．操作员；话务员

6．legal adj.法律许可的，合法的→illegal adj.非法的，违法的→illegally adv.非法地，违法地

7．consume vt.消耗，耗费；消费→consumer n．消费者，用户，顾客→consumption n．消费

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空

1．A citizen should be filled with a sense of responsibility for his nation.That is to say，he should be responsible for what he does.(responsible)

2．A lift operator was ill and a famous surgeon operated on her at once.Shortly after the operation，the patient picked up.(operate)

3．Hangzhou is such an impressive city that it often makes a strong impression on visitors and its sights never fail to impress foreign tourists.(impress)

4．The man seized much land illegally.Despite his illegal act，few people thought badly of him.Some people considered that it was legal for him to do so.(legal)

5．I would appreciate it very much if you can give me a hand again.Meanwhile，I want to express my appreciation to you for your helping me before.(appreciate)

6．Experts advise consumers not to buy more groceries until they've already been consumed.This is called rational consumption.(consume)

阅读单词

1．plant n．工厂；发电厂

2．customs n．海关；关税

3．administration n．管理；管理部门；施行；(美国)政府

4．flood n．洪水；大批，大量

vt.&vi.泛滥；淹没；大量涌入

5．vehicle n．交通工具，车辆

6．decade n．十年

7．fuel n．燃料

vt.& vi.提供燃料；加油

8．quantity n．数量

9．credit n．赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分

1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.n. 理解，认识

2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) Earlier this year，the China Through A Looking Glass  exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China­inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art，with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.vt.激发

3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) The living­room television is replaced and gets planted  in the kids' room...vt.放置

4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits.n.学分

5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ) This production of Shakespeare's Richard   Ⅲ  will be directed by the National's Associate Director，Wang Xiaoying.n.(电影，戏剧等的)摄制

6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty.n.工作

7．(2017·天津卷) Donations began flooding in from hundreds of people.v. 蜂拥而至

[短语　多维应用]

[句式　结构仿写]

1．belief n．看法；信念

(1)beyond belief 难以置信

have (a) belief in 相信

hold the belief that...持有……观点

it is one's belief that...某人相信……

(2)believe in 信任；信赖；相信(……的存在)

believe it or not 信不信由你

it is believed that...人们相信……

a person worthy of belief可以信得过的人

respect other people's beliefs 尊重别人的信仰

have a firm belief in his honesty 对他的诚实深信不疑

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①We have a sincere belief in the power of art to enhance human life.

②It's beyond belief that a 14­year­old girl could break the provincial high jump record.

[能力提升]——句式升级

(普通表达)I believe that good manners are very important to everybody.

①(高级表达)I hold_the_belief_that good manners are very important to everybody.

②(高级表达)It is_my_belief_that good manners are very important to everybody.

2．operate vt.经营，管理；操作 vi.动手术；运转；见效，起作用

(1)operate on sb.(for...) (因某病)给某人动手术

(2)come/go into operation 生效，实行

be in operation 运转中，实施中

put/bring...into operation实施；实行

do/perform an operation on给……动手术

be easy to operate 容易操作

operate factories and mines经营厂矿

operate a patient on the head给病人头部做手术

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①It is said that some new rules will come/go into operation next month.

②Protective clothing must be worn when the machine is in operation.

[能力提升]——一句多译

这位病人非常危险，所以医生们决定立刻给他动手术。

①The patient was in great danger，so the doctors decided to_operate_on_him immediately.(operate)

②The patient was in great danger，so the doctors decided to_do/perform_an_ operation_on_him immediately.(operation)

3．impress vt.使印象深刻；盖印；使铭记，使牢记

(1)be impressed by/with 被……打动；对……有深刻印象

impress sth.on/upon sb.(＝impress on/upon sb.sth.) 使某人铭记某事

impress sb.with sth.使某人牢记某事

(2)make/leave a deep impression on sb./one's memory 给某人留下深刻的印象

impress a mark on/upon a surface＝impress a surface with a mark在表面上打记号

impress on me the value of hard work让我铭记艰苦劳动的价值

impress the consumer with a good advertising campaign以广告宣传运动加深消费者的印象

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①My father impressed the importance of honesty on/upon me.

②The little boy impressed me with his big and bright eyes the first time I saw him.

[能力提升]——句式升级

(普通表达)He impressed me deeply with his performance at the concert.

①(高级表达)I was_deeply_impressed_with/by his performance at the concert. (impress)

②(高级表达)His performance at the concert left/made_a_deep_impression_on_ me.(impression)

4．measure n．措施，方法；尺度 vt.测量；估量，判定 vi.(指尺寸、长、宽、高等)量度为

(1)take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事

make...to one's measure 依照某人的尺寸做……

beyond measure无法估量；极度；非常

(2)measure...by...用……来衡量……

measures for increasing the output 增产的措施

be measured in metres 以米计量

measure five metres across有五米宽

take measures to preserve the environment from pollution 采取措施保护环境免受污染

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①Education should not be measured only by examination results.

②Measures have been taken to_solve(solve) traffic problems in big cities.

③In the old days，my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with Spring Festival coming.

[能力提升]——句式升级

(普通表达)There are some tall trees on the hill and some measure 30 metres.

(高级表达) There are some tall trees on the hill，some_measuring_30_metres.(用独立主格结构)

[名师点津]　①measure作“措施”讲时，常用其复数形式。

②measure表示“有……长(宽、高等时)”，可看成系动词，不用被动语态及进行时态，若此意义的短语作后置定语，要用现在分词形式。

5．range n．(变动)范围；一系列；分类；山脉 vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序

(1)in/within range of 在……范围内

beyond/out of range (of)　超出/不在(……的)范围

a range of 一系列的

(2)range from...to...从……到……变化/不等

range between...and...在……之间变动

people from a diverse range of backgrounds 各种不同背景的人

range the books by size按书的大小排列

patients whose ages ranged from 13 to 25 years年龄在13到25岁之间的病人

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①There is a range of mountains in my hometown.

②If we are beyond range of the signal，our phones can't be used.

[能力提升]——句式升级

(普通表达)The temperature changes a lot and it ranges between 18 and 35 degrees centigrade in July in this city.

(高级表达)The temperature changes a lot，ranging_from_18_to_35 degrees centigrade in July in this city.

6．appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会，理解

(1)appreciate (sb./one's) doing sth.感激(某人)做某事

I would appreciate it if...如果……，我会感激不尽

(2)in appreciation of 欣赏；感激

express/convey/show...appreciation to sb.对某人表达……的感谢

appreciate your help very much 非常感谢你的帮助

appreciate English poetry欣赏英语诗歌

appreciate his readiness to help others 欣赏他乐于助人的态度

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①I really appreciate my teacher helping (help) me with math in his spare time.

②Please accept this gift in appreciation of all you've done for us.

[能力提升]——词汇升级

(普通表达)I would be grateful to you for turning off the lights.

(高级表达)I_would_appreciate_it_if you could turn off the lights.(appreciate)

7．absorb vt.吸收(气体、液体、热、光等)；理解；使全神贯注

(1)absorb knowledge/information 掌握知识/信息

absorb one's attention/the attention of sb.吸引某人的注意

absorb...into...把……吸入……

absorb oneself in...全神贯注于……

(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的

be absorbed in...全神贯注于……

(3)absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的，引人入胜的

absorb a great deal of the Roman culture大量吸收罗马文化

be absorbed in thought 在沉思

be absorbed into the blood 被吸收进入血液

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①Alcohol may take a few minutes to_be_absorbed(absorb) into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.

②When deeply absorbed (absorb) in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.

③The novel was so absorbing (absorb) that she read on without a break.

[能力提升]——句式升级

(普通表达)The singer was absorbed in his singing.The singer forgot to have his lunch.

(高级表达)Absorbed_in_his_singing，the singer forgot to have his lunch.(用过去分词作状语)

[名师点津]　be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in...。

8．responsibility n．责任，职责

(1)have the/a responsibility to do...有责任/有义务做……

bear/take the responsibility for 承担对……的责任，为……负责

a sense of responsibility 责任感

(2)be responsible for 应对……负责；对……有责任

rights and responsibilities 权利和责任

take responsibility for arranging the food 负责安排食物的事宜

a strong sense of responsibility towards parents 对父母强烈的责任感

have no responsibility for that accident 对那个事故没有责任

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①The court feels it has a responsibility to_ensure (ensure) that customers are not misled.

②You should be responsible for what you did.

③(2019·江苏卷) Her responsibility(responsible)，her privilege，would be to rescue it.

[能力提升]——词汇升级

(普通表达)Police believe that the same man is responsible for three other murders in the area.

(高级表达) Police believe that the same man takes/bears_the_responsibility_for three other murders in the area.(responsibility)

9．run out (of) 用完，耗尽

run out 结束；用完(主语为物，无被动语态)

run across 偶然遇到；穿过

run after 追赶；追求

run into 撞上；偶然遇见

run out of fuel用完燃料

run across her in the public library 在公共图书馆碰巧遇见了她

run after every new fashion 赶时髦

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①So many places of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply ran out of time before visiting them all.

②I ran across some old letters while I was clearing out a drawer.

[能力提升]——一句多译

这个男孩用完了钱，因此他不得不向父母求助。

①The boy's money ran_out so he had to ask his parents for help.(run)

②The boy ran_out_of_his_money so he had to ask his parents for help.(run)

③The boy's money gave_out/was_used_up so he had to ask his parents for help.(give/use)

[易错辨析]　表示“用完”，run out，give out为不及物动词短语，其主语通常为物(时间、食物、金钱等)；run out of和use up为及物动词短语，其主语一般为人。

10．pick out 找出，挑选；辨认出，区分；领会，弄明白

pick up 拿起，捡起；收拾，整理；(偶然)学会；用车接；收听到；好转；感染

pick on 挑选；招惹；找茬儿；责备

pick off 摘去；逐个毁掉；瞄准射击

pick out the meaning of the passage 领会这篇文章的含义

pick out the best items on the menu从菜单上选出最好的菜

pick on me to do the work 挑选我干这个工作

[基础练习]——写出下列句中pick out的含义

①She was picked out  from dozens of applicants for the job.挑选

②There were so many people at the conference that I couldn't pick  him out.辨认出

③Having read the passage many times，I finally picked out its main idea.领会

[能力提升]——完成句子

他的小说被评委们评为最佳作品。

His story was_picked_out_as_the_best by the judges.

11．(教材P25) What_if they run out? 如果它们用完了怎么办呢？

(1)What if...？为省略结构。what if用于提出假设时，其后句子可用陈述语气(一般现在时)，也可用虚拟语气(通常为should＋动词原形)。

(2)What for? 为何目的，为何理由？

What/How about...? ……怎么样？

Guess what? 你猜怎么着？

[金句推送]　 What if we use it in case of an emergency? 如果我们在紧急事件中使用它，那又会是怎样？

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①What if anything should happen to the child?

②How about going shopping and seeing a show in London?

③Seven months ago I never would have believed this，but guess what? Bart Conner is on that team.

[能力提升]——句式升级

(普通表达)If I fall sick and can't work，what shall I do?

(高级表达)What_if_I_fall_sick and can't work?

12．(教材P31) I liked_it_when_you_told_that_joke.我喜欢你讲的那个笑话。

(1)英语中在表示喜爱、憎恶之类的动词后面常常不直接加宾语从句，而用it作形式宾语，然后再加宾语从句作真正的宾语，这类动词有appreciate，enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer等。

(2)一些动词短语后面也常用it作形式宾语然后加真正的宾语，常见的有depend on，rely on，see to(确保)等。

(3)在take it for granted that...中也有这类用法。

[金句推送] 　I  dislike/hate it when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger.

我不喜欢被单独留下来和一个陌生人聊天。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①I don't like it when the weather gets really cold.

②We can depend on it that he will arrive here on time.

[能力提升]——完成句子

我可以保证一切都会及时准备就绪。

I can see to it_that_everything_is_ready in time.

多维训练——夯实基础

维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空

1．Last but not least，it's everyone's responsibility to make (make) good use of water.

2．The doctor is performing an operation (operate) on the injured child.

3．It is especially important to make a good first impression (impress) at a job interview.

4．Absorbed (absorb) in his work，he didn't hear what I said.

5．Emergency measures have_been_taken (take) to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide so far.

6．The belief (believe) that one should work hard is rooted in our culture.

7．She has had a number of different jobs，ranging (range) from chef to swimming instructor.

8．We would appreciate you letting (let) us know of any problem.

9．People who eat slowly tend to_consume(consume) about 70 fewer calories per meal than those who rush through their meals.

10．However，just 12% of disaster­relief funding in the past two decades(decade) has gone on reducing risks in advance.

维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词

1．I hate it when you don't say what you are thinking.

2．We opened the floor to the different suggestions that they had made at the meeting.

3．Don't worry.If anything goes wrong，I'll take responsibility for it.

4．I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

5．We have already run out of money and I don't know what to do next.

维度3——查缺补漏

1．Honestly speaking，people who break traffic rules are on the decrease.

2．It was a good concert—I enjoyed the last song in particular.

3．The more difficult the questions are，the less_likely(likely) he is to answer them.

4．Large quantities of food are_wasted (waste) because of the way it looks.

5．Since her arrival (arrive) at the department，she has been a reorganized authority on the subject.

维度4——话题写作

1．补全要点句 (加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)

①随着经济的发展，环境变得越来越糟。

With_the_development_of_economy，the environment is getting worse and worse.

②到了我们采取措施来保护环境的时候了。

It's time for us to_take_measures_to_protect the environment.

③培养责任感是非常重要的。

It's very important to_develop_our_sense_of_responsibility.

④当我们意识到环保的重要性时，我们才会尽职尽责。

When we realize_the_importance_of_protecting the environment we are willing to_do_our_parts for it.

⑤我们应该尝试改变我们的生活方式。

We should try_to_change_our_way_of_life.

⑥回收利用我们使用过的东西。

Recycle_the_things that have been used.

⑦我们应该尽力减少环境污染，以使我们生活得更美好。

We should try_our_best_to_cut_back_on pollution of the environment to live_a_better_life.

2．升级平淡句

(1)利用It's time that...升级1中的句②

It's_time_that_we_took/should_take_measures_to_protect_the_environment.

(2)利用“only＋状语从句”位于句首倒装升级1中的句④

Only_when_we_realize_the_importance_of_protecting_the_environment_are_we_willing_to_do_our_parts_for_it.

(3)利用in order that引导目的状语从句升级1中的句⑦

We_should_try_our_best_to_cut_back_on_pollution_of_the_environment_in_

order_that_we_can_live_a_better_life.

3．衔接成美文 (注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：so，firstly，secondly，thirdly，above all)

With the development of economy，the environment is getting worse and worse.So it's time that we took measures to protect it.Firstly，it's very important to develop our sense of responsibility.Only when we realize the importance of protecting the environment are we willing to do our parts for it.Secondly，we should try to change our way of life.Thirdly，recycle the things that have been used.Above all，we should try our best to cut back on pollution of the environment in order that we can live a better life.