第06讲 非谓语动词之分词（讲义）-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲义（全国通用）

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中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。
►第06讲 非谓语动词之分词（讲义）
【复习目标】
1.掌握分词的定义
2.掌握分词的时态和语态
3.现在分词和过去分词作定语、表语、补语、状语
4.掌握易混易错点辨析
【考情分析】
从近三年中考卷可以看出，对非谓语动词分词的考查是常考点，分词的正确运用，尤其是现在分词被动式和完成式的正确运用、现在分词与过去分词作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语的区别。但是题目的设置更加注重语境以及情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干的理解难度。因此，2024年中考备考要掌握不定式相关用法。
名词题型命题规律
非谓语动词的动词不定式是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。

【网络构建】
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
构成：（t）+动词原形
动词不定
在句中的作用（主、宾、表、宾补、定、状）
非
谓 构成：V.-ing
语 动名词
动 用法（主、宾、表、定）
词
构成：现在分词 ding

过去分词 dne
分词
用法（表、补、定、状）
考向一 分词的定义
分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词，分词分为现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)两种，是一种非谓语动词形式。
*现在分词表示“主动和进行”
*过去分词表示“被动和完成”
(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。
考向二 现在分词的句法功能
现在分词的时态和语态
现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生；
现在分词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前；
Walking dwn the street, he hears smene calling him.
在街上走着，他听到有人叫他。
Having spent nearly all ur mney, we culdn’t affrd t stay at a htel.
我们几乎花光了所有的钱，没有钱住宾馆了。
现在分词的主动形式表示逻辑主语是现在分词动作的执行者；
Nt knwing her address, we culdn’t get in tuch with her.
由于不知道她的住址，我们无法和她取得联系。
现在分词的被动形式表示逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者；
The area being studied is called an archelgical site.
正在被研究的那个地方被称作考古地。
The huses being built are fr the teachers.
正在建的那些房子是给老师们的。
N. 1 作定语
现在分词作定语
a swimming by(a by wh is swimming)
The man speaking t Lily(the man wh is speaking t Lily)
动名词作定语
a sleeping car(a car fr sleeping)卧车
a washing machine(a machine fr washing)洗衣机
a walking stick ＝ a stick (which is used) fr walking拐杖
a reading rm＝a rm (which is used) fr reading 阅览室
易混点：
现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的动作，二者是逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词形式作定语相当于一个定语从句，强调经常性状态或动作的进行。单个词通常要前置，短语要后置。
Jhn has really gt the jb because he shwed me the fficial letter ffering him it.(＝定语从句Jhn ... the fficial letter which/that ffers him it.)
约翰的确得到了这份工作，因为他给我看了提供他工作的正式信函。
动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途或性能，二者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。动名词作定语只能置于被修饰词的前面，而现在分词作定语有时可前置，有时可后置，尤其是现在分词短语作定语时要后置。
a swimming by＝a by wh is swimming一个正在游泳的男孩(现在分词作定语)
a swimming pl＝a pl fr swimming 游泳池(动名词作定语)
N. 2 作表语
具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征。
He’s really amusing and tells jkes when he thinks we’re getting bred.
他的确和风趣，而且当他认为我们感到厌烦时，就会给我们讲笑话。
N. 3 作状语
现在分词的一般式，即ding表示动作和谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。现在分词的完成式即having dne表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。现在分词在句中作结果、时间、原因、伴随、方式、条件、让步等状语。
It hasn’t rained fr a mnth, making the crps hard t grw. (作结果状语，常用于句尾)
一个月没下雨了，庄家很难生长。
When reading the nvel, I heard the telephne ring.（作时间状语，分词前面可加when, while等词。）
看小说时我听到电话响了。
Living far frm the schl, he has t get up early every mrning.（原因状语）由于住的离学校远，他必修每天早起。
Seeing nbdy at hme, she decided t leave them a nte.(主动意义，非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生)
看到没人在家，她决定给他们留个便条。
Having waited fr an hur, he realized he had left his wallet at hme.(主动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前)
等了一个小时后，他意识到他把钱包落在了家中。
Having been asked t wrk vertime that evening, I missed a wnderful film.(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前)
我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。
N. 4 作补语
说明宾语的性质、特征或正在做的动作。一般在感官动词和使役动词后用现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义，变成被动语态时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。
使役动词/感官动词+宾语+现在分词作宾补（意义主动或正在进行）
I have tw men wrking fr me in the cmpany.
我让两个人在公司为我工作。（表示主动进行）
I heard an English sng being sung by a little girl at the English evening.(sing动作正在被做)
我在英语晚会上听见有个小女孩唱英文歌。
考向三 过去分词的句法功能
过去分词只有一般式，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语、补语等。
Given anther hur, I can als wrk ut this prblem.再给我一个小时，我也能做出这道题。
N. 1 作定语
及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动和完成；
不及物动词的过去分词一般作前置定语，不表示被动，只表示完成。
There are fallen leaves n the grund in fall.秋天地上到处是落叶。(只表示完成，不表示被动)
Lk at the brken glasses. 看看这些碎了的玻璃杯。(表示被动和完成)
注意：作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：ding和dne。ding表示正在进行；dne表示已经完成。
biling water正在沸腾的水
biled water开水
develping cuntries 发展中国家
develped cuntries 发达国家
N. 2 作表语
过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已经形容词化的，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词，表示主语所处的状态或感受。过去分词多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情。
She is interested in the stry.
她对那个故事感兴趣。
Her vice sunded excited.
她的声音听起来很兴奋。
易混点：现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉”，现在分词与中心词构成逻辑上的主谓关系，其过去分词含有被动意味，即“人被引起某种感觉”。
N. 3 作宾语补足语
及物动词的过去分词作补足语，与宾语构成被动关系。有少数不及物动词的过去分词作补足语，表示完成或状态。变为被动语态时，宾语补足语相应变为主语补足语。
A liar cannt make himself believed.
习惯于说谎的人无法让别人相信自己。
I was surprised t find my hmetwn changed s much.
发现我的家乡变化很大后我感到十分惊讶。
Befre driving int the city, yu are required t get yur car washed.
开车进入市区之前，你必修把车洗一洗。
N. 4 作状语
过去分词短语作状语时可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随和结果等，也可以改为相应的从句或并列句。
Given enugh mney, I'd buy that car at nce.
=If I am given enugh mney, I'd buy that car at nce.
如果有足够的钱，我会马上买下那辆车。
Frightened by the nise utside, the little girl dared nt sleep in her bedrm.
由于受到外面噪音的惊吓，小女孩不敢在卧室里睡觉了。
易错点：在when， while， if， as if， thugh， as， until， nce， whether， unless， where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句主语相同的主语和be动词，形成“连词＋分词短语”结构。
When treated with kindness， he was very lvely.
当友好地对待他时，他很可爱。
部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated (坐着的), hidden (躲着的), statined (驻扎的), lst/absrbed in (沉溺于), brn in (出身于), dressed in (穿着), tired f (厌烦了), faced with (面对)以及表示心理状态的动词。如：interested, surprised, satisfied, mved等。
考向四 易混易错点辨析
易混易错点：
1) stp ding/t d
stp t d 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。They stp t smke a cigarette.
stp ding 停止做某事。I must stp smking.
2) frget ding/t d （同remember）
frget t d 忘记要去做某事（未做)
The light is still n. He frgt t turn it ff.(没有做关灯的动作)
frget ding 忘记做过某事(已做) He frgt turning the light ff. ( 已做过关灯的动作)
3) regret ding/t d
regret t d 对要做的事遗憾。(未做)I regret t have t d this, but I have n chice.
regret ding 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做) I dn't regret telling her what I thught.
4) try ding/t d
try t d 努力，企图做某事。Yu must try t be mre careful.
try ding 试验，试着做某事。 I tried gardening but didn't succeed.
6) g n ding/t d
g n t d 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。
After he had finished his maths，he went n t d his physics.
g n ding 继续做原来做的事。
7) mean ding/t d
mean t d打算、想I mean t g, but my father wuld nt allw me t.
mean ding 意味着T raise wage（提高工资）means increasing purchasing pwer(购买力）.
can't help t d/ding
can't help t d 不能帮助做某事 He culdn’t help t wash the clthes. 我不能帮忙洗衣服。
can't help ding情不自禁做 She culdn’t help smiling. 她禁不住笑了起来。
关于use的短语：
used t d 过去常常做某事
be/get used t ding 习惯做
Sb use sth t d/fr ding使用...做 被动sth be used t d/fr ding
have sb d sth 让某人做某事=make sb d sth
have sb ding sth 让某人做某事=keep sb ding
have sth dne 让某事被做
宁愿做而不愿做
prefer (nt) t d sth. 宁愿（不）做某事= wuld rather (nt) d sth.
prefer sb. (nt) t d sth. 宁愿某人(不)去做某事
prefer t d sth.1 rather than d sth.2 宁愿做事情1，而不愿做事情2.
=wuld rather d sth.1 than (d) sth.2
=prefer ding sth.1 t ding sth.2 (t为介词)
12）既可跟d又可跟ding形式的情况:
d (强调全过程或经常做，注意被动语态）
see/watch/hear/ntice sb
ding（强调正在做）
need/want/require (sb) t d sth 需要（某人）做某事
13)
Sth need/want/require ding sth=t be dne某事需要被做
一、用所给单词适当形式填空
1．（2023·江苏无锡·校考二模） (watch) herself in the mirrr, the queen thught she was the mst beautiful lady in the wrld.
2．（2023·江苏淮安·统考一模）The ld man walked slwly t his hme, (carry) a large bag in his back.
3．（2023·辽宁盘锦·校联考一模）I heard him (sing) when I passed by his rm.
4．（2023·甘肃白银·校考一模）There must be smene (visit) the hmes in ur neighburhd.
5．（2023·湖南常德·统考一模）—Lk! There’s a man (perfrm) Taiji near the river.
—Ww! It’s my teacher, Mr. Wu.
6．（2023·江苏无锡·江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校校考一模）Sn after, Mrs. Jhnsn was n her way t the shw, (carry) a lvely black handbag and a happy smile.
7．（2023·江苏无锡·无锡市天一实验学校校考一模）Earthquake last mnth in Turkey was a real disaster, (leave) thusands f peple hmeless.
8．（2022·黑龙江大庆·大庆外国语学校校考模拟预测）I hear the girls (sing) in the rm when I passed by.
9．（2022·甘肃天水·校联考模拟预测）When I passed by the cmmunity, I saw neighburs (chat) with each ther happily.
10．（2022·江苏无锡·校考二模） (cnnect) the tw cities, the high-speed railway plays an imprtant rle in ur daily life.
11．（2022·江苏无锡·无锡市天一实验学校校考三模）The trnad last mnth in the USA was a real disaster, (leave) thusands f peple hmeless.
12．（2013·江苏泰州·统考二模）When she heard the thunder, she rushed int my rm, ____________（scream）in fear.
13．（2022·江苏盐城·统考一模）Lk! There is a wallet n the grund. (lie)
14．（2021·黑龙江大庆·统考二模）My mther sat there silently, (smile) at me.
15．（2023·甘肃武威·统考模拟预测）There must be smething (visit) the hmes in ur neighbrhd.
16．（2023·江苏扬州·校考三模）We will have the ballns in the classrm t celebrate the cming new year. (hang)
17．（2023·江苏无锡·二模）—Yu lk upset. What’s the matter?
—I had my invitatin (refuse) again.
18．（2023·江苏无锡·无锡市江南中学校考二模）—Have yu heard the news?
—Yes. The schl bradcasting statin annunced that ur schl had put the mney (raise) by them t gd use t buy new instruments fr kids.
19．（2023·江苏扬州·统考二模）After the rainstrm, the grund is cvered with leaves (fall).
20．（2023·辽宁盘锦·校联考一模）Tys are nt the nly things (make) in China.
二、单项选择
21．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）My brther is reading the nvel The Adventures f Huckleberry Finn ________ by Mark Twain these days.
A．writtenB．was writtenC．wrte
22．（2023·福建·一模）—China’s C919 is expected t be put int cmmercial peratin in early 2023.
—Great. It is the first plane ________ in China.
A．develpB．develpingC．develped
23．（2023·四川乐山·统考二模）—Yur hair is s lng, yu need t have yur hair ________.
—But the barber’s shp is ________.
A．t cut; clsingB．cutting; penC．cut; clsed
24．（2023·四川成都·统考二模）—Dad, the cmputer desn’t wrk.
—Dn’t wrry. I’ll get it ________ tmrrw.
A．t repairB．repairedC．repairing
25．（2023·湖南邵阳·统考一模）—There is smething wrng with the TV.
—Dn’t wrry. I’ll get it ________ this afternn.
A．repairB．repairingC．repaired
26．（2023·江苏镇江·一模）________ with gasline cars, electric cars are mre energy saving, making them cheaper t perate.
A．CmparedB．T cmpareC．CmparingD．Cmpare
27．（2023·江苏扬州·一模）The career he devted himself t ________ him ________ by peple all ver the wrld.
A．made; rememberedB．making; remember
C．making; was rememberedD．made; t remember
28．（2023·福建·三模）When I passed by the hall, I heard many students ________ the musical instruments.
A．playB．playingC．t play
29．（2023·福建厦门·厦门一中校考二模）Visitrs have fund that YaYa has becme bny, ________ many Chinese and animal lvers wrry abut her health and life quality at the Memphis z.
A．madeB．t makeC．making
30．（2023·吉林长春·二模）The man is lying n the bed, ________ t the radi.
A．listenB．listenedC．listensD．listening
31．（2023·吉林长春·统考三模）I heard Bb ________ when I walked past him just nw.
A．singB．singingC．sangD．t sing
32．（2023·江苏镇江·统考二模）—Hurry up, Jasn! We’re ging t the cinema, but the clthes still need ________.
—Dn’t wrry. I think thirty minutes is enugh.
A．washingB．t washC．washedD．wash
33．（2023·江苏南京·三模）China launched the Shenzhu XVI manned spaceship several days ag, ________ three astrnauts t its space statin cmbinatin fr a five-mnth missin.
A．t sendB．sentC．sendingD．have sent
34．（2023·江苏南京·统考一模）S far, there are 13 wetland cities in China, ________ a great variety f city styles.
A．shwB．shwingC．t shwD．have shwn
35．（2023·河北邯郸·统考一模）—D yu remember the astrnauts ______ yu classes in the space statin?
—They are Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu.
A．giveB．givingC．t giveD．gave
三、语法选择
（2023·广东汕头·统考一模）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
My parents tk me t Japan when I was little. I lived there fr five years. 36 I came back, my Japanese was very gd. “Can I d smething useful with my Japanese?” I asked myself. Then, ne day last spring, I gt 37 gd pprtunity.
Everyne was afraid f SARS, s I stayed at hme with 38 t d. My father bught me a Japanese bk. “Why dn’t yu translate it int Chinese? It will be better than 39 cmputer games all day.”
I prmised t d 2,000 wrds each day. But later I fund it was hard t keep the prmise. One day in May, the weather was beautiful. But I culdn’t g ut. Thse 2 000 wrds were still 40 me.
After translating nly three pages, I already lst interest in the bk.
I lked at it fr a lng time. But I culdn’t make myself turn the pages. 41 I wished I culd just g utside and play ftball with my friends!
The wrds 42 by me again and again. I just wanted t give up.
I felt as if tw peple were fighting 43 my mind. One said, “Dn’t give up! Keep wrking hard, and yu’ll d well!” But then the ther ne said, “G and play! It will be 44 than translating. D yur wrk tmrrw.”
I std up and wuld turn ff the cmputer.
But then I remembered 45 my parents had tld me,“Whatever yu d, dn’t stp half way.” S I sat dwn and went n with it.
36．A．BecauseB．WhenC．Since
37．A．anB．theC．a
38．A．nthingB．smethingC．everything
39．A．be playedB．playingC．played
40．A．waited frB．been waited frC．waiting fr
41．A．WhatB．What aC．Hw
42．A．were cuntedB．cuntedC．are cunted
43．A．inB．withC．abut
44．A．the mst interestingB．mre interestingC．interesting
45．A．hwB．whereC．what
一、单项选择
1．（2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题）An ld man ________ n the side f the rad was fund ________, and he was sent t the hspital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.
A．lies; diesB．lay; diedC．lain; deadD．lying; dying
2．（2021·贵州黔西·统考中考真题）Tday there are already rbts ________ in the restaurants. They are serving the peple.
A．wrksB．wrkedC．wrkingD．wrk
3．（2021·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—Lk! There are sme students ________ basketball n the playgrund.
—Yes. I ften see them ________ basketball there.
A．play; playB．play; playingC．playing; playD．playing; playing
4．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）I saw Lily ________ when I passed her rm.
A．danceB．dancingC．t dance
5．（2020·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题）In this cmpany a large number f peple, __________ my parents, __________ver 1000 yuan t help Wuhan.
A．includes; gave inB．include; gave ut
C．including; gave upD．including; gave away
6．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—D yu knw there are mre than 3,000 languages ______ in the wrld?
—Srry, I have n idea.
A．speakingB．spkenC．speakD．spke
7．（2021·广西柳州·统考中考真题）Alice culdn’t make herself ________ attentin t because her classmates made s much nise.
A．payB．paidC．paying
8．（2020·甘肃天水·统考中考真题）________ with my father’s handwriting, mine is pr.
A．CmpareB．CmparedC．CmparingD．Cmpares
9．（2018·甘肃天水·统考中考真题）It tk us ne week ________ this article ________ by M Yan.
A．read, writtenB．t read, writtenC．reading, t writeD．t read, t write
10．（2018·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—What are n shw in the library?
— Sme phts ________ n the Great Wall.
A．are takenB．takenC．are takingD．were taken
二、用所给单词适当形式填空
11．（2018·山东烟台·中考真题）Father had his car (repair) in the 4S shp last week.
12．（2021·黑龙江大庆·统考中考真题）He spke luder t make himself (hear).
13．（2020·江苏常州·统考中考真题）Did Eric have his hmewrk (finish) befre 9 ’clck last night?
14．（2021·辽宁盘锦·统考中考真题）When I came back hme, mm was （water） the garden.
15．（2020·四川广元·统考中考真题）Life is invaluable. This is a price we must pay and a price is wrth (pay).
目录
一
复习目标
掌握目标及备考方向
二
考情分析
近年中考名词考情分析
三
网络构建
知识点头脑风暴
四
名词考向
1.掌握分词的定义
2.掌握分词的时态和语态
3.现在分词和过去分词作定语、表语、补语、状语
4.掌握易混易错点辨析
五
真题感悟
中考分词经典考题
时态
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
(nt) ding
(nt) being dne
进行式
(nt) having dne
(nt) having been dne
现在分词
主动意义
过去分词
被动意义
exciting
令人兴奋的，激动人心的
excited
兴奋的，激动的
frightening
吓人的
frightened
受惊吓的
disappinting
令人失望的
disappinted
感到失望的，失望的
pleasing
令人高兴的
pleased
高兴的，满意的
satisfying
令人满意的
satisfied
感到满意的
surprising
令人惊讶的
surprised
感到惊讶的
mving
令人感动的
mved
受感动的，感动的
interesting
有趣的
interested
感兴趣的
amusing
有趣的，给人娱乐的
amused
感到有意思的
puzzling
令人迷惑不解的
puzzled
感到困惑不解的
encuraging
令人鼓舞的
encuraged
受到鼓舞的
tiring
令人厌倦的/劳累的
tired
感到疲倦的
cnvincing
令人信服的
cnvinced
感到信服的