高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters导学案

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters导学案，共7页。
Natural Disaster Preventin
——By Chris Dinesen Rgers
导读一：
不是所有的自然灾害是可以预防的，但是只要建立良好的预警机制，或多或少能够降低它的损害程度，本文从修复、维护河漫滩和湿地、气候监测、准备急救包等方面介绍了预防水灾的方法和措施。
Nt all natural disasters can be prevented.Hwever the impacts can be lessened with prper planning and ntificatin systems.Only by managing land and water resurces—nt fr the pssibility f a natural disaster but rather fr the reality f it ccurring—can higher csts in prperty damage and lss f human life be prevented.Planning requires the cperatin f a netwrk f state and lcal fficials wrking with federal agencies like the Federal Emergency Management Agency（FEMA）t assess risks and implement changes where necessary.
Flding
Accrding t FEMA，flds are the mst cmmn natural disaster.Effects f flds are cmplicated by weather patterns such as drught，which hardens sils and increases the pssibility f flash flding.The amunt f impervius surfaces in develped areas can cntribute t fld waters and risk the health f lcal streams and watersheds.
One way t reduce the impacts f flding is t restre and maintain river fld plains and wetlands. The U.S Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA) reprts that restratin f the Upper Mississippi's 100-year fld zne culd have cntained the estimated 39-millin-square acre-feet f fldwater that caused the Great Fld f 1993 in this area.
A reductin in impervius surfaces is anther measure that can prevent a natural disaster. Impervius surfaces include rads, parking lts and sidewalks fund in develped areas. These surfaces ften have replaced natural areas such as wetlands. The EPA estimates that a single acre f wetlands can stre up t 1. 5millin gallns f fldwater. Replacing wetlands with impervius surfaces sets the stage r a fld event. By reducing the amunt f impervius surface thrugh city and lcal planning, flash flding can be prevented r at the very least lessen impacts.
Mnitring
Climate mnitring by the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin and the Natinal Weather Service can help prevent human lsses by ntificatin f severe weather patterns, Strm warnings allw fr prper preparatin, even evacuatin, in the event f a pending weather event. Likewise, mnitring f seismic activity by the Natinal Earthquake Infrmatin Center (NEIC) can rapidly infrm gvernment agencies and the public f destructive earthquakes.
Prepare
Natural disaster preventin als relies n the individual.The American Red Crss prvides training fr individuals t prepare fr natural disasters. Having an emergency preparedness kit in yur hme is imprtant, since sme natural disasters can ccur withut warning. A well-stcked kit will include a cmplete first aid kit, a few days supply f drinking water and canned gds, and ther necessities such as batteries, an extra cellphne battery, matches and flashlights. While having the kit will nt prevent the disaster, it will give yu the peace f mind f being prepared.
Ⅱ
Hw t Survive a Natural Disaster
——By Mark Sissn
导读二:
自然灾害时有发生，学会幸存是重要的，本文介绍了幸存的几种途径，首先要学会自救，然后朋友帮助，接着是邻居互助，最后陌生人帮助。作者号召平时要处理好朋友和邻居的关系，以防灾难发生，可以互救。
With ne f the biggest strms-Sandy-in recent histry having just ravaged the eastern seabard f the United States，bringing flding and pwer utages and dwned trees and the kind f awe-inspiring displays f raw pwer that nly Mther Nature can bring t bear，I gt t thinking abut primal disaster/emergency preparedness.Obviusly，regardless f the lifestyle habits we subscribe t，we’re subject t the same basic cncerns as anyne else：fd，water，warmth，light，shelter，entertainment.The fd we eat is gnna lk different，and we might try t lk at the bright side f being withut pwer，but nt else changes.
Fd？Yeah，it's imprtant，but this pst isn’t abut fd.And anyway，a cuple years back，I published a tngue-in-cheek guide t surviving the apcalypse，and despite the humr，the recmmended nn-perishable fds and drinks frm that pst are still slid chices.The nly items I'd add wuld be canned seafd beynd just sardines like tuna，salmn，ysters-and kale chips.Because kale chips are that awesme.Oh，and try t get everything in BPA-free packaging. Aviding endcrine disruptin may nt be yur first pririty in a disaster situatin, but it can’t hurt.
I wn’t g int the standard disaster preparedness checklist. That's pretty basic stuff that yu can find anywhere. Everyne knws the material items they' ll need t survive, the things yu can buy at the stre and: keep in yur basement r garage and frget all abut until the day arrives. But in the event f a real disaster, whether it's mdern fast zmbies, ld schl shambling zmbies, r an unprecedented subtrpical strm, there is ne essential - and ttally primal-factr that many f us are in danger f verlking:
The imprtance f having peple nearby n whm y an rely。
In my experience, mst discussins abut disaster preparedness veremphasize the individual aspects f survival. Yu' ve gt yur fantasies f building undergrund bunkers capable f withstanding a direct hit frm a nuclear weapn, amassing as much ammunitin as yu can find, stckpiling an arsenal that wuld put Michael Grss frm Tremrs t shame, and lining yur prperty with machine gun nests, bear traps, and a mat full f great white sharks, piranhas, and salt water crcdiles. UI timely these flks are assuming the wrst--nt just f the situatin, but f the peple arund them-and end up preparing t face the cming nslaught all by themselves. It's imprtant t be self-reliant, but is it enugh? Is it even pssible?Are yu prepared t mve that fallen tree blcking yur frnt dr all by yurself? What abut the extricatin f yur living bdy frm the ruins f yur huse--think that’s a ne man jb? Can yu wrap wunds, set bnes, and fashin slings? D yu have carpentry, hunting, and masnry skills? If nt, yu might want t think abut having a grup f peple upn whm yu can rely. Yu might want t think abut btaining the ne resurce yu cant simply buy and stre in yur garage (withut ging t jail that is): friends.
Friends can help each ther hunt, frage, and garden Ten pairs f hands (r guns, r minds, r sets f legs) are better and far mre effective at ding the things required fr survival. Ten guns can defend better than ne gun. Ten pairs f hands can chp mre wd, carry mre water, build mre things, and pull mre weeds than ne pair f hands. Ten minds can cme up with a better slutin fr water purificatin r shelter frtificatin than ne mind.Ten sets f legs can cver mre grund and find mre survivrs and fd than ne set f legs.
We all have friends, f curse. But in tday's wrld f Facebk, Twitter feeds, message bards, email, and mbile phnes that allw instant cnnectivity with anyne and everyne anywhere, ur friends ften live far, far av frm us. Or perhaps acrss twn, which desn’t help us if the rads are blcked and ur cars are underwater. Fr friends t be helpful in disaster recvery, they need t be clse. What abut ur neighbrs-the peple wh we d have at arms reach? These are the peple wh will be able t help us when disaster strikes. These are the peple with whm we' ll be able t share supplies and divvy up respnsibilities. Hwever, research shws that these peple are increasingly nt ur friends. We might share casual wrds trash day with them, but we prbably feel awkward asking them t feed ur cat and water ur plants when we' re away.
When life is ging as planned, strangers are fairly civil t each ther. Yu bump int smene in the mall accidentally, yu aplgize. Yu see smene cming up behind u as yu enter the bank, yu hld the dr pen. This is basic cmmn decency. Easy stuff. But when the wrld is falling apart arund yu, what d yu d? Yur innate sense f preservatin kicks in. Yu grab yur kids, yur spuse, call yur friends, yur parents, and stuff the cat int a pet carrier. In ther wrds, yu dn t even have t think abut saving yu and yurs; yu just act. This is an incredibly primal respnse.
When yu expand yur circle f"yurs"t include the wh live arund yu-and they expand their circles t include yu--everyne lks ut fr everyne Everyne's better ff. Mst imprtantly, each individual persn is better ff, because if yu' re the unlucky ne whse ceiling fell in r whse canned gds were washed away, yur neighbrs are that much mre likely t pull yu ut and invite yu in fr sme canned tuna and water. And yu' re mre likely t d the same fr them. The beauty f it is that because these are nw yur friends that need help, yu dn' t feel "put upn". Yu want t help them because, well, they' re yur friends and that's what friends d. That's what a tribe des.
Research even shws that in real life disasters, it's nt the gvernment aid, the fire trucks, r the emergency re pnders that really help peple survive in the immediate. It's the friends, the neighbrs, the cmmunity. It's Paul frm next dr wh yu let brrw yur tl set last year wh's ging t pull yu ut f yur cllapsed kitchen, nt the annymus emergency respnder cming frm fifty miles away. a gvernment wrker isn’t ging t knw hw many peple live in the huse acrss the street, nr will he knw whse rm is whse; yu will. The fficial respnse is imprtant, but we can t rely n it (r urselves) fr everything.
Daniel Aldrich, prfessr f public plicy at Purdue has made the study f pst-disaster resilience in cmmunities his fcus. After living thrugh Hurricane Katrina shrtly after mving t New Orleans, he nticed that the mst successful pckets f the city were the nes with the strngest scial ties. The federal respnse t the hurricane’s aftermath was infamusly inept and initially nnexistent, and the flks wh knew and liked each ther survived and rebuilt their cmmunities faster than the flks wh had fewer ties, making this a prime example f the pwer f cmmunity, r what Aldrich calls scial capital(PDF). The same held true fr cmmunities struck by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the 1995 Kbe, Japan earthquake, and, I'd imagine, the many thusands upn thusands f tribes, neighbrhds, cmmunities, twns city-states, and enclaves hit by flds, fires, famines, pestilence, earthquakes, tsunamis, and ther disasters thrughut histry and prehistry. Why else d yu think humans are scial animals? Why else wuld the tribal structure have been evlutinarily preserved if it weren't helpful fr survival?
S, flks, if yu want t survive the next disaster make friends with yur neighbrs. Get t knw them. If yu have a lemn tree, take a paper bag full f them ver.Have a blck party. Thrw a barbecue. Pet their dg, feed heir cat. Get yurself a tribe.
What d yu think, flks? D yu knw yur neighbrs?
T all my east cast readers and anyne else affected by the recent strm, ur thughts are with yu.
注解：
1.ntificatin n.通知；通告；[法]告示
2. impervius adj.不受影响的；无动于衷的；不能渗透的
3. restratin n.恢复；归还；复位
4.evacuatin n.疏散；撒离；排泄
毁坏；破坏；掠夺
6.utage n.（电力等的）断供期
7.apcalypse n.世界毁灭；大灾变；末世
8.nslaught n.猛攻；突击
9.divvy v.分配；分摊；分享
10.resilience n.恢复力；弹力；适应力