英语人教版 (2019)Unit 1 Science and Scientists课时练习

这是一份英语人教版 (2019)Unit 1 Science and Scientists课时练习，共10页。试卷主要包含了declare v，dubt n，exist v，evlutin n，s-called adj，pen-ended adj等内容，欢迎下载使用。


(2023北京,D)
What is life? Like mst great questins, this ne is easy t ask but difficult t answer. The reasn is simple: we knw f just ne type f life and it's challenging t d science with a sample size f ne. The field f artificial life—called ALife fr shrt—is the systematic attempt t spell ut life's fundamental principles. Many f these practitiners, s-called ALifers, think that smehw making life is the surest way t really understand what life is.
S far n ne has cnvincingly made artificial life. This track recrd makes ALife a ripe target fr criticism, such as declaratins f the field's dubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a cmplexity scientist, is tired f such cmplaints. Asking abut “the pint” f ALife might be, well, missing the pint entirely, he says. “The existence f a living system is nt abut the use f anything,” Alan says. “Sme peple ask me, ‘S what's the wrth f artificial life?’ D yu ever think, ‘What is the wrth f yur grandmther?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasising their research's applicatins, the attempts t create artificial life culd have practical payffs. Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife's cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamured by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin(演化). This is the capacity fr a system t create essentially endless cmplexity, t be a srt f “nvelty generatr”. The nly system knwn t exhibit this is Earth's bisphere. If the field f ALife manages t reprduce life's endless “creativity” in sme virtual mdel, thse same principles culd give rise t truly inventive machines.
Cmpared with the develpments f AI, advances in ALife are harder t recgnise. One reasn is that ALife is a field in which the central cncept—life itself—is undefined. The lack f agreement amng ALifers desn't help either. The result is a diverse line f prjects that each advance alng their unique paths. Fr better r wrse, ALife mirrrs the very subject it studies. Its muddled(混乱的) prgressin is a striking parallel(平行线) t the evlutinary struggles that have shaped Earth's bisphere.
Undefined and uncntrlled, ALife drives its fllwers t repurpse ld ideas and generate nvelty. It may be, f curse, that these characteristics aren't in any way surprising r singular. They may apply universally t all acts f evlutin. Ultimately ALife may be nthing special. But even this dismissal suggests smething: perhaps, just like life itself thrughut the universe, the rise f ALife will prve unavidable.
1.Regarding Alan Smith's defence f ALife, the authr is .
A.supprtive B.puzzled
C.uncncerned D.dubtful
2.What des the wrd “enamured” underlined in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A.Shcked. B.Prtected.
C.Attracted. D.Challenged.
3.What can we learn frm this passage?
A.ALife hlds the key t human future.
B.ALife and AI share a cmmn feature.
C.AI mirrrs the develpments f ALife.
D.AI speeds up the prcess f human evlutin.
4.Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A.Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?
B.Life Evlves. Can AI Help ALife Evlve, T?
C.Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?
D.Life Evlves. Can Attempts t Create ALife Evlve, T?
高考词汇站
派生/合成词汇
1.system n.系统→ adj.系统的
2.fundament n.基础→ adj.基本的
3.practice v.练习;实践→ n.专门人才;习艺者
4.cnvincing adj.令人信服的→ adv.令人信服地
5.declare v.公布,宣布→ n.公告,宣告
6.dubt n.怀疑→ adj.怀疑的
7.exist v.存在→ n.存在
8.evlutin n.进化→ adj.进化的
9.s-called adj.
10.pen-ended adj.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2020全国Ⅰ)
China has becme the first cuntry t land a spacecraft n the far side f the mn. The unmanned Chang'e-4 prbe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess— 1 (tuch)dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. Landing n the mn's far side is 2 (extreme) challenging. Because the mn's bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt 3 it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth. The far side f the mn is f particular 4 (interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters(环形山), mre s 5 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang'e-4 6 (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, “because it 7 (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn 8 (cnstruct).” Data abut the mn's cmpsitin, such as hw 9 ice and ther treasures it cntains, culd help China decide whether 10 (it) plans fr a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
高考词汇站
派生/合成词汇
1.manned adj.需人操纵的→ adj.无(需)人操作的
2.challenge n.挑战→ adj.挑战性的
3.cmmunicate v.通信;交流→ n.通信;交流
4.spacecraft n.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
高考练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了人工生命研究的现状和发展前景。
1.A 推理判断题。根据题干中的Regarding Alan Smith's defence f ALife可知是在问作者对艾伦·史密斯为人工生命辩护的态度,定位到第二段。由“This track recrd makes ALife a ripe target fr criticism,such as declaratins f the field's dubtful scientific value.”以及“Alan tired f such cmplaints.”可知艾伦对于人工生命遭受的批评是厌烦的,第二段最后艾伦以“你的奶奶有什么价值?”反问,认可人工生命存在的必要性。由文章最后一段的“the rise f ALife will prve unavidable(人工生命的崛起将被证明是不可避免的)”可知作者对人工生命的发展是持支持态度的,故作者是支持艾伦为人工生命进行辩护的,故选A。
2.C 词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句“Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife's cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamured by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin.”可知人工智能和人工生命是表亲,然后阐述原因,这两个领域的研究者都……一种叫作“开放式演化”的概念,再由下文的“If the field f ALife manages t reprduce life's endless ‘creativity’ in sme virtual mdel, thse same principles culd give rise t truly inventive machines.”可知,如果人工生命领域能够在某种虚拟模型中再现生命的无尽“创造力”,那么那些相同的原理可能会产生真正具有创造力的机器。这是积极的。浏览选项可知,attracted(被吸引)符合语境。
3.B 推理判断题。由第三段第二句“Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife's cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamured by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin.”可知人工智能和人工生命的研究者都被一种叫作“开放式演化”的概念吸引,故选B(人工生命和人工智能有一个共同的特点)。A、C、D项在文中无信息支撑。
4.D 主旨大意题。第一段提出人工生命领域的研究目的,第二段说明人工生命遭受的批评并用艾伦的观点支持人工生命的研究,第三段以人工智能和人工生命的联系来说明人工生命应用的可能性,第四段说明人工生命难以被认可的原因,最后一段为主题段,表明作者的观点:也许正如整个宇宙中的生命本身一样,人工生命的崛起也将被证明是不可避免的。由此可知,本文是在说明人工生命研究的现状与发展前景,D项(生命在进化。创造人工生命的尝试也可以进化吗?)可总述文章,最适合作为文章标题。
【高考词汇站】 1.systematic 2.fundamental
3.practitiner 4.cnvincingly 5.declaratin
6.dubtful 7.existence 8.evlutinary 9.所谓的
10.无限制的;开放式的
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国发射的嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功着陆的重大事件。
1.tuched 考查时态。根据时间状语last week可知设空处需用一般过去时。故填tuched。
2.extremely 考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰形容词challenging,需用副词形式。故填extremely。
3.where 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作地点状语,先行词spt是表示地点的名词。故填where。
4.interest 考查名词。设空处作介词f的宾语,根据提示词可知设空处需填名词形式interest;此外“be f+抽象名词”也是固定结构。故填interest。
5.than 考查介词。根据设空处前的mre可知设空处填介词than。
6.t find 考查非谓语动词。设空处作目的状语,主语Chinese researchers与find为逻辑上的主动关系,应用不定式的主动形式。故填t find。
7.means 考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境及设空处后宾语从句中的谓语动词have可知设空处需用一般现在时;主语it为第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
8.is cnstructed 考查语态和主谓一致。主语the mn与提示词cnstruct为被动关系,故设空处需用被动语态;主语为the mn,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is cnstructed。
9.much 考查限定词。设空处后的名词ice作“冰”讲时为不可数名词,根据上下文可知设空处填much。
10.its 考查代词。设空处作名词plans的定语,故需用形容词性物主代词;根据提示词it可知设空处填its。
【高考词汇站】 1.unmanned 2.challenging
3.cmmunicatin 4.航天器;宇宙飞船
长难句
原句 Because the mn's bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt where it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
分析 本句为主从复合句。Because引导原因状语从句;where引导定语从句,修饰先行词spt。
译文 由于月球本身阻挡了与探测器的直接无线电通信,中国首先必须将卫星送入月球上方的轨道,在那里它可以向航天器和地球发送信号。