2024上海宝山区高二下学期期末考试英语含解析

这是一份2024上海宝山区高二下学期期末考试英语含解析，共37页。试卷主要包含了A.7等内容，欢迎下载使用。

（本试卷满分 140分，考试时间120分钟）
Ⅰ．Listening Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1．A．Blueberry. B．Apple pie. C．Chclate cake. D．Strawberry.
2．A．The mvie will nt be shwn. B．They want t see the mvie.
C．All the tickets were sld ut. D．The mvie is highly rated.
3．A．T the schl. B．T his hme.
C．T the supermarket. D．T the place the wman stays.
4．A．Bring. B．Entertaining. C．Tuching. D．Encuraging.
5．A．Teacher and student B．Husband and wife. C．Bss and secretary. D．Mther and sn.
6．A．In a restaurant. B．In a htel. C．In a museum. D．In a theater.
7．A.7:30. B．7:45. C．7:15. D．7:00.
8．A．She didn’t catch the bus. B．She happened t meet a friend.
C．She was prevented frm catching the bus D．Her car brke dwn.
9．A．Rick is the man’s cusin. B．The man has graduated frm a technical schl.
C．It’s hard t land a suitable jb. D．Rick gt a decent jb.
10．A．Drive n thrugh the night. B．Check ut f the htel.
C．Cancel their mtel reservatin. D．Stp driving fr the rest f the day.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages and ne lnger cnversatin, and yu will be asked several questins n each f the passages and the cnversatin. The passages and the cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne wuld be the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
11．A．By bus. B．By train. C．By car. D．By ship.
12．A．Because they saw the first kangar. B．Because they saw an Australian tailed eagle.
C．Because they’d never been here befre. D．Because they saw a few wild hrses.
13．A．Wild hrses. B．Kangars. C．Large birds. D．Sme spiders.
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
14．A．Internet use is increasing fast in rural and urban areas.
B．Mre and mre rural residents have Internet access.
C．Peple have a limited chice f Internet prviders.
D．City residents use their wn Internet frequently.
15．A．Over 2millin. B．Arund 6 millin. C.23 millin. D.17 millin.
16．A．Mre girls have their wn websites than bys.
B．One in fur kids have Internet access frm hme.
C．Mst kids think that they get less time nline at schl than that at hme.
D．Mst kids think Internet cnnectin at hme is quicker than that at schl
Questins 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
17．A．His health is getting wrse. B．He can n lnger wrk at sea.
C．His past life upsets him a gd deal. D．He hasn’t gt any retirement pay.
18．A．She passed away years ag. B．She used t wrk as a mdel.
C．She has been wrking at a clinic. D．She has been seriusly ill fr years.
19．A．She has made lts f mney as a dctr B．She is ging t take care f her ld dad.
C．She has never gt n with her father. D．She is kind and generus by nature.
20．A．He dines ut with his wife every weekend. B．He is excellent but lks bad-tempered.
C．He des nt care abut his appearance. D．He is nt quite ppular with his patients.
Ⅱ．Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
First published n Octber 15, 1952, “Charltte’s Web” is a ppular children’s bk written by well-knwn American authr E. B. White and ____1____（illustrate）by Garth Williams that deals with themes f the nature f friendship, lss, fate, acceptance, and renewal. The stry centers n a pig named Wilbur and the unlikely but deep friendship ____2____ shares with an uncmmnly talented spider named Charltte.
While it’s nrmal in the curse f events n a farm fr pigs ____3____（kill）when they reach a certain size and age, clever Charltte wrks ut a scheme t keep Wilbur frm his fate by weaving wrds int her web t create what amunts t a ne-pig publicity campaign. By prmting Wilbur t celebrity status, Charltte ultimately saves him ____4____ his date with the butcher’s knife.
The ending f the “Charltte’s Web” is bittersweet, hwever, ____5____ while Wilbur survives, Charltte des nt. But even Charltte’s passing is a lessn-fr Wilbur and thse reading his stry-abut the nature f death and renewal.
Death and destiny are bth themes that the bk explres. While Charltte is willing t help Wilbur avid a destiny that’s being impsed n him by utside frces beynd his cntrl, she als understands that sme fates are inevitable: All living creatures are brn, ____6____（have）a life cycle, and die. Charltte accepts her rle in this natural circle withut regret.
Charltte helps Wilbur realize that immrtality is nt abut living frever, but rather, ____7____（ensure）that new generatins will fllw. She als helps him understand that lve and friendship are nt fixed in quantity. While we may lse a friend, new friendships can cme alng, nt as replacements fr ____8____ we’ve lst, but as blessings t build n what we’ve learned.
“Charltte’s Web” gt its inspiratin frm true experiences that authr E. B. White had n his farm in Maine, ____9____ he penned the bk and lived until his death in 1985．While the authr claims that the bk _____10_____ never be cnsidered a mral tale, certain messages related t mral principles, r rights and wrngs, are bviusly established in “Charltte’s Web”.
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Britain appears t be in a mental-health crisis. In the past decade n Eurpean cuntry has seen a greater increase in the use f antidepressants(抗抑郁药); nw nly the Prtuguese and Icelanders are ppping mre f the ____11____. Arund 4.5m Britns were in cntact with mental-health services in 2021-22, a rise f almst l m in five years.
There are a few reasns why Britns might be unhappier than their ____12____. One glbal pll fund that teenagers in Britain were sme f the lneliest in the wrld, with few supprtive relatinships and a lw sense f purpse and meaning: all risk factrs fr pr mental health. Britain’s prest husehlds are als ____13____ ff than their equivalents in France and Germany, fr example, which makes them mre vulnerable t cnditins such as anxiety and depressin. And Britain’s health system can seem mre ____14____ than thse in mst ther rich cuntries. In England alne, sme 3.8 m are waiting fr mental-health treatment.
Thse factrs might explain why mre peple are ____15____ t medicatin. Anther reasn is increased awareness. Campaigns arund depressin and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain. That is ____16____ a gd thing. A reductin in humiliatin (蒙羞) has encuraged mre peple t seek help. Taking antidepressants – r using mental-health services — has becme much mre acceptable.
But there is a ____17____ t this, as The Ecnmist recently reprted. Surveys suggest that Britns are increasingly ____18____ cmmn human emtins, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses. “Yu’re ging t lse any sense f what mental illness is if yu start t ____19____ it t 30%, 50% f the ppulatin,” says Adrian Massey, authr f a bk called “Sick-Nte Britain”.
Fr all the fcus n anxiety and depressin in campaigns, severe mental illnesses still receive t little attentin. This is a prblem: accrding t the GBD, Britain has the highest rates f severe mental illness in Eurpe. The causes f such cnditins are unclear, but seem t invlve a ____20____ interplay f genetic and envirnmental factrs. Illegal drug misuse, fr which Britain has amng the highest rates in the regin, als plays a rle.
Ⅲ．Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Methane (甲烷) is a greenhuse gas. Over 20 years it has ver 80 times the planet-cking pwer f carbn dixide, and is ____21____ fr nearly 45%f warming tday. Because methane is the main ____22____ f natural gas, much f man-made emissins cmes frm the energy industry. Yet because it is shrt-lived, cntrlling methane ffers the wrld its best pssible chance fr ____23____ prgress against climate change.
As COP28, the UN’s climate summit, gets ____24____ in Dubai, it is greatly encuraging, therefre, that the chances f such a deal n methane are gd. Negtiatrs must ____25____ at a rare pprtunity t strike ne.
The reasn a deal lks pssible is that the plitics are prmising in all the biggest markets. China has recently annunced that it will start including methane in its natinal climate plans. America will sn finalize regulatins t ____26____ methane emissins frm its huge il and gas sectr, including measures that cver leaky pipelines and strage. And the Eurpean Unin has als agreed n tugh methane standards, cvering bth dmestic surces and ____27____ fssil fuels.
____28____ are helping, t. A range f new technlgies fr mnitring methane will help ____29____ large surces f emissins frm the energy industry. Because il and gas firms can ften sell methane (rather than wastefully burning r releasing it), many investment s t avid _____30_____ will pay fr themselves. Mst firms d nt invest because f the truble, higher returns n ther prjects, r wells’ distance frm cnsumers. Whatever the reasn, they suffer n _____31_____ fr adding needlessly t glbal warming.
Since green-washing, the prcess f cnveying a false impressin abut hw sme prducts r measures are envirnmentally sund, is quite cmmn, if a glbal methane deal is t be mre than that, _____32_____, it will need rigur (缜密). Methane-cntrl seemed t _____33_____ at the UN climate summit in Glasgw tw years ag, when negtiatrs _____34_____ came up with a prpsal t cut emissins by 30% by 2030．Yet the deal was vluntary, and had n enfrcement mechanisms (机制); emissins have since _____35_____. An agreement this time rund must link prmises t natinal climate plans and, crucially, t dmestic enfrcement mechanisms.
21. A. pwerfulB. nticeableC. respnsibleD. pssible
22. A. causeB. ingredientC. agentD. cnsequence
23. A. quickB. ecnmicC. riginalD. natinal
24. A. under wayB. in the makingC. n bardD. t the pint
25. A. stareB. pintC. cmeD. leap
26. A. increaseB. stabilizeC. reduceD. balance
27. A. imprtedB. lcalizedC. exprtedD. glbalized
28. A. RevlutinsB. EvlutinsC. ReslutinsD. Innvatins
29 A. createB. activateC. decreaseD. spt
30. A. disastersB. delaysC. emissinsD. examinatins
31. A. lssB. punishmentC. abuseD. defeat
32. A. hweverB. therefreC. furtherD. nce
33. A. pay ffB. make utC. run utD. take ff
34. A. nisilyB. admittedlyC. reluctantlyD. accidentally
35. A. declinedB. disappearedC. swungD. risen
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
（A）
The cast f the State f Maine is ne f the mst irregular in the wrld. A straight line running frm the suthernmst castal city t the nrthernmst castal city wuld measure abut 225 miles. If yu fllwed the castline between these pints, yu wuld travel mre than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result f what is called a drwned castline. The term cmes frm the glacial (冰川的) activity f the Ice Age. At that time, the whle area that is nw Maine was part f a muntain range that twered abve the sea. As the glacier declined, hwever, it applied enrmus frce n thse muntains, and they sank int the sea.
As the muntains sank, cean water charged ver the lwest parts f the remaining land. And the highest parts f the frmer muntain range, nearest the shre, remained as islands. Marine fssils fund here are 225 feet abve sea level indicating the level f the shreline prir t the glacier.
The 2,500-mile-lng rcky and jagged (锯齿状的) castline f Maine keeps watching ver nearly 2,000 islands. Many f these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are hme t blming cmmunities. Mt. Desert Island is ne f the largest, mst beautiful f the Maine cast islands left behind by the glacier. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly frmed as tw distinct islands. It is split almst in half by Smes Sund, a very deep and very narrw stretch f water seven miles lng.
Fr years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its majr settlement, Bar Harbr, has affrded summer hmes fr the wealthy. Recently, thugh, Bar Harbr has becme a new arts cmmunity as well. But the best part f the island is the unspiled frest land knwn as Acadia Natinal Park. Since the island sits n the brder between tw different gegraphical znes, the park supprts the plants and animals f bth znes. It als lies in a majr bird migratin lane and is a resting spt fr many birds.
36. The large number f small islands alng the cast f Maine is the result f ______.
A. the drwning f the Maine castlineB. glacier’s frcing muntains int the sea
C. the irregularity f the Maine castlineD. cean water’s flding the muntain range
37. What des the underlined wrd “charge” mean in paragraph 2?
A. T ask an amunt f mney.
B. T accuse smene publicly f ding smething wrng.
C. T rush in a particular directin.
D. T pass electricity thrugh smething.
38. Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea f paragraph 4 f the selectin?
A. The wealthy residents f Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it t themselves.
B. Acadia Natinal Park is ne f the best natinal parks.
C. On Mt. Desert Island, there is great tensin between the residents and turists.
D. Mt. Desert Island supprts an incredibly diverse animal and plant life.
39. Frm the passage, we learn that ________.
A. the castline f Maine is ten times lnger after the Ice Age
B. there are mre than 2,500 islands alng the Maine castline
C. Mt. Desert Island has been brken apart by a 7-mile-lng water stretch
D. an arts cmmunity gave way t the summer hmes n Mt. Desert Island
（B）
40. ________ is the main disagreement between Marija Strjnik and Gerard Kriss.
A. The definitin f a planetB. The imprtance f detecting explanets
C. The artistic representatin f explanetsD. The use f the term “direct imaging”
41. Hw des Dr. Strjnik feel abut the interpretatin f a bright spt as an explanet?
A. She supprts it, as it is a cmmn practice in explanet astrnmy.
B. She apprves f it, althugh it des nt prvide a clear picture f the explanet.
C. She believes it is nly pssible thrugh visual bservatin and psitive assumptin.
D. She cnsiders the interpretatin t be debatable, as it requires significant prcessing.
42. Where can yu find these tw letters?
A. In the textbk.B. In a lcal newspaper.
C. In a published essay.D. In a science jurnal.
（C）
The ancient Egyptians thught s little f the brain that when a king died, they remved the brain frm his bdy and threw it away. The Egyptians assumed, like many peple befre and after them, that cnsciusness — yur mind and yur thughts existed in the heart.
Nw we knw that the mind is a prduct f the brain, but hw exactly des this 1.5-kil piece f matter create a mind that allws yu t think abut yurself, experience happiness and anger, r remember events that happened 20 minutes r 20 years ag? This isn’t a new questin. Tday, hwever, pwerful new techniques fr visualizing the surces f thught, emtin, behavir, and memry are transfrming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates.
Have yu ever stpped and thught, “What’s wrng with me tday? I just dn’t feel like myself”? Perhaps yu were mre tired r wrried than usual — but smehw, yu knew that smething was different abut yu. This self-awareness - the ability t think abut yurself and hw yu’re feeling-is an imprtant part f being human.
This part f f yur mind has its rigins in the prefrntal crtex — a regin f yur brain just behind yur frehead that extends t abut yur ears. Befre this area began t functin (arund age tw), yu didn’t understand that yu were a separate individual with yur wn identity. As this part f yur brain develped, yu became mre aware f yurself and yur thughts and feelings.
Thugh humans may share certain emtins and recgnize them in thers, we dn’t all have the same emtinal respnse t every situatin. In fact, mst emtinal respnses are learned and stred in ur memries. The smell f freshly cut grass, fr example, will generate happy feelings in smene wh spent enjyable childhd summers in the cuntryside, but nt in smene wh was frced t wrk lng hurs n a farm. Once an emtinal assciatin like this is made, it is very difficult t reverse it. “Emtin is the least flexible part f the brain,” says psychlgist Paul Ekman. But we can learn t cntrl ur emtins by becming cnsciusly aware f their underlying causes and by nt reacting autmatically t things in ur envirnment.
Fr centuries, peple have studied the brain, but it is nly in recent years that we have really started t learn hw it wrks. Nevertheless, there is still a lng way t g befre we understand ur mind’s many cmplexities.
43. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Hw we create and cntrl emtins.B. Hw the mind wrks.
C. Hw human beings are distinct.D. Hw emtins are prcessed.
44. Why des the authr mentin the ancient Egyptians’ practice in the very beginning?
A. T illustrate the imprtance f the heart in ancient Egyptian culture.
B. T intrduce the cre theme f the mind-bdy cnnectin and evlutin.
C. T prvide an example f hw the brain has been misunderstd thrughut histry.
D. T cntrast the ancient Egyptians’ views n the brain with the mdern ne.
45. Which f the fllwing statement is NOT true?
A. Self-awareness develps befre the age f tw.
B. The prefrntal crtex affects a persn’s emtins.
C. The prefrntal crtex is lcated at the frnt f the brain.
D. Self-awareness strengthens with the develpment f the brain.
46. What des the passage suggest abut the flexibility f emtins?
A. Emtins are universal and d nt change ver time r with individual experiences.
B. Emtins are generally learned and stred in ur memries, making them quite flexible.
C. Emtins are influenced by ur persnal experiences and can vary frm persn t persn.
D. Emtins are the least flexible part f the mind, and they cannt be cntrlled.
Sectin C
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
It is certainly difficult t make mney. But shuld mney be difficult t give away? In The Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and Jhn D. Rckefeller wrried abut waste and misuse; Carnegie wrte in 1889 that $950 f every $1,000 that went t charity was “unwisely spent”. ____47____ Dnrs ran lengthy applicatin prcesses, prvided funds and fulfilled painstaking reprting requirements. In 2006 The Ecnmist called it “philanthrcapitalism (慈善资本主义)”.
____48____ The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% f their cmbined frtunes, accrding t Frbes. At the last cunt in 2022, almst $1.2 trn was sitting in American private fundatins and $230bn in dnr-advised funds, a srt f savings accunt fr dnrs. Plenty f mney is being marked fr charity. But it is nt getting t wrthy causes fast enugh.
Frtunately, a new generatin f dnrs is nce again shaking up the wrld f big philanthrpy (慈善事业). Leading the missin is MacKenzie Sctt, wh simplified the prcess f giving and is dnating billins f dllars a year with few cnditins. This “n-strings giving” is changing mega-dnrs’ lng-held assumptins. ____49____
One is the recgnitin that philanthrpists d nt have t d everything themselves. ____50____ An upside f a decades-lng trend fr businesslike philanthrpy is that armies f cnsultants have emerged t help dnrs draw up a strategy and cnduct due diligence n ptential recipients. Dnrs can team up and share the wrk, t.
Anther lessn frm the n-strings crwd is that philanthrpists can trust recipients t put mney t gd use nce the prper due diligence is in place. That means analyzing a nnprfit rganizatin’s annual reprts and interviewing its leaders and ther funders.
A. It ffers lessns fr thse struggling t get mney ut f the dr.
B. In additin t that, her charity wrk is t numerus t mentin.
C. Hwever, this idea that charities’ mney is wasted has been prven wrng by evidence.
D. Mega-dnrs n lnger need t endure the truble f setting up a fundatin and hiring staff.
E. Tw decades n, hwever, it’s becme clear that all this paperwrk puts the brakes n giving.
F. Arund the turn f the millennium dnrs lked t data and rules as a way t stp waste.
Ⅳ．Summary Writing
51. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Fr thusands f years, Chinese peple have valued the large family with three, fur, r even five generatins living under the same rf. That's what we call an extended family. Nw it is changing. Cmpared t extended families. nuclear families which invlve nly tw generatins living tgether are becming the trend. Apart frm family size, these families are als featured by reduced dependence n the last generatin. Yung peple are able t make decisins n their wn and children are less likely t be brught up by their grandparents.
The reasn fr the tendency f nuclear families can be reflected as fllws. It's a time when yung peple think highly f individual freedm. Yung peple like t have persnal space that wn't be disturbed by the ld generatins. In this way, they are mre likely t avid cnflicts caused by different living habits frm their parents.
It's als a time when scial welfare institutins are highly advanced fr ld peple t lead a cmfrtable life . Senir citizens can live tgether in sme nursing hmes and be taken gd care f by specialized nursing wrkers, which may base yung peple's heavy burden f attending their aging parents.
Hwever, the prblem cncerning attending t children turns up as the number f nuclear families increases. Yung peple are busy with their wrk and spend less time with their children. As a result, lacking enugh care bth frm their parents and grandparents during their grwth, children may develp mental illnesses like lneliness and depressin. Many yung peple, therefre, hire babysitters t lk after and keep cmpany with their children, which adds a financial burden t them.
Facing the prblem abve, yung peple can seek help frm ld generatins, cmmunities and gvernment. Old generatins are welcmed t take care f their grandchildren, especially when yung peple are asked t wrk vertime. Cmmunities ught t rganize sme vlunteers t lk after unattended kids. And gvernment can set up special lads fr yung peple t relieve their financial prblem. With the jint effrts, nuclear families are expected t fit in well with the develpment f the sciety.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ．Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrd given in the brackets.
52. 校餐也要以其他食品的推销方法推销给孩子。（the same way）(汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
53. 为了培养学生地道的口音，该大学计划从国外聘请一些英文老师。（handful）(汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
54. 与这位家喻户晓的建筑师一起工作是一次难忘的经历，是我职业生涯迄今为止的一个亮点。(highlight) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
55. 主席不仅致力于打造一个科技强国，还号召人们加强科技创新园区的建设，并推动绿色制造业的发展。（call n）(汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅵ．Guided Writing
56. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的学生吴磊，你校英文报《英语拾零》（English Sidelights）正庆祝创刊十周年，请你写一篇文章投稿，内容包括：
● 读报的经历；
● 喜爱的栏目；
● 期望和祝福。
（文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称）
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A．apply B．bradly C．cmplicated D．dwnside E．hardly F．neighbrs
G．verburdened H．pills I．re-labeling J．turning K．wrse
T the Editrs:
I am surprised t read that Dr. Strjnik (“Direct Detectin f Explanets,” September-Octber2023) states that we have nt yet and cannt directly image explanets (外部行星). This is incrrect. NASA/IPAC has a list at
One example is an image f 51 Eridani b. The planet is 2.6 times as massive as Jupiter and has the same radius (半径).
Gerard Kriss
Space Telescpe Science Institute
Dr. Gerard:
I am pleased that my article brught a respnse. The phrase “planet detectin” aruses in peple’s imaginatins beautiful images f planets that are creative artistic representatins f nvel wrlds. But a blur f brightness is nt an image.
Explanet researchers rutinely call vides such as the ne belw f 51 Eridani b “direct images” because the planet’s light has been separated frm that f its star. “Directly imaged” is the standard language f explanet astrnmy. But t an ptical (光学的) scientist such as myself, there is a strng distinctin between direct detectin (the planet’s light separated frm the light f its star) and direct imaging (a prven picture f the explanet). Frm an ptical researcher’s perspective, a single bright spt simply is nt an image.
Indeed, even the wrd “direct” in direct detectin is debatable frm an ptical researcher’s pint f view. The detectin f the light f the explanet requires significant prcessing, adding multiple images and remving starlight based n theretical mdels f the surce signal.
But the interpretatin f a bright spt as a planet is nly pssible upn visual inspectin and ptimistic thinking. As an ptical scientist, I cannt lk at a single spt and call it an image f explanets. A trajectry (轨迹), r a series f bright pints, is nt an image f a planet, althugh it very likely represents smething that nwadays is described as an explanet.
Marija Strjnik
2023学年第二学期期末
高二年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷
（本试卷满分 140分，考试时间120分钟）
Ⅰ．Listening Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1．A．Blueberry. B．Apple pie. C．Chclate cake. D．Strawberry.
2．A．The mvie will nt be shwn. B．They want t see the mvie.
C．All the tickets were sld ut. D．The mvie is highly rated.
3．A．T the schl. B．T his hme.
C．T the supermarket. D．T the place the wman stays.
4．A．Bring. B．Entertaining. C．Tuching. D．Encuraging.
5．A．Teacher and student. B．Husband and wife. C．Bss and secretary. D．Mther and sn.
6．A．In a restaurant. B．In a htel. C．In a museum. D．In a theater.
7．A.7:30. B．7:45. C．7:15. D．7:00.
8．A．She didn’t catch the bus. B．She happened t meet a friend.
C．She was prevented frm catching the bus. D．Her car brke dwn.
9．A．Rick is the man’s cusin. B．The man has graduated frm a technical schl.
C．It’s hard t land a suitable jb. D．Rick gt a decent jb.
10．A．Drive n thrugh the night. B．Check ut f the htel.
C．Cancel their mtel reservatin. D．Stp driving fr the rest f the day.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages and ne lnger cnversatin, and yu will be asked several questins n each f the passages and the cnversatin. The passages and the cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne wuld be the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
11．A．By bus. B．By train. C．By car. D．By ship.
12．A．Because they saw the first kangar. B．Because they saw an Australian tailed eagle.
C．Because they’d never been here befre. D．Because they saw a few wild hrses.
13．A．Wild hrses. B．Kangars. C．Large birds. D．Sme spiders.
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
14．A．Internet use is increasing fast in rural and urban areas.
B．Mre and mre rural residents have Internet access.
C．Peple have a limited chice f Internet prviders.
D．City residents use their wn Internet frequently.
15．A．Over 2millin. B．Arund 6 millin. C.23 millin. D.17 millin.
16．A．Mre girls have their wn websites than bys.
B．One in fur kids have Internet access frm hme.
C．Mst kids think that they get less time nline at schl than that at hme.
D．Mst kids think Internet cnnectin at hme is quicker than that at schl.
Questins 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
17．A．His health is getting wrse. B．He can n lnger wrk at sea.
C．His past life upsets him a gd deal. D．He hasn’t gt any retirement pay.
18．A．She passed away years ag. B．She used t wrk as a mdel.
C．She has been wrking at a clinic. D．She has been seriusly ill fr years.
19．A．She has made lts f mney as a dctr. B．She is ging t take care f her ld dad.
C．She has never gt n with her father. D．She is kind and generus by nature.
20．A．He dines ut with his wife every weekend. B．He is excellent but lks bad-tempered.
C．He des nt care abut his appearance. D．He is nt quite ppular with his patients.
Ⅱ．Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
First published n Octber 15, 1952, “Charltte’s Web” is a ppular children’s bk written by well-knwn American authr E. B. White and ____1____（illustrate）by Garth Williams that deals with themes f the nature f friendship, lss, fate, acceptance, and renewal. The stry centers n a pig named Wilbur and the unlikely but deep friendship ____2____ shares with an uncmmnly talented spider named Charltte.
While it’s nrmal in the curse f events n a farm fr pigs ____3____（kill）when they reach a certain size and age, clever Charltte wrks ut a scheme t keep Wilbur frm his fate by weaving wrds int her web t create what amunts t a ne-pig publicity campaign. By prmting Wilbur t celebrity status, Charltte ultimately saves him ____4____ his date with the butcher’s knife.
The ending f the “Charltte’s Web” is bittersweet, hwever, ____5____ while Wilbur survives, Charltte des nt. But even Charltte’s passing is a lessn-fr Wilbur and thse reading his stry-abut the nature f death and renewal.
Death and destiny are bth themes that the bk explres. While Charltte is willing t help Wilbur avid a destiny that’s being impsed n him by utside frces beynd his cntrl, she als understands that sme fates are inevitable: All living creatures are brn, ____6____（have）a life cycle, and die. Charltte accepts her rle in this natural circle withut regret.
Charltte helps Wilbur realize that immrtality is nt abut living frever, but rather, ____7____（ensure）that new generatins will fllw. She als helps him understand that lve and friendship are nt fixed in quantity. While we may lse a friend, new friendships can cme alng, nt as replacements fr ____8____ we’ve lst, but as blessings t build n what we’ve learned.
“Charltte’s Web” gt its inspiratin frm true experiences that authr E. B. White had n his farm in Maine, ____9____ he penned the bk and lived until his death in 1985．While the authr claims that the bk _____10_____ never be cnsidered a mral tale, certain messages related t mral principles, r rights and wrngs, are bviusly established in “Charltte’s Web”.
【答案】1. illustrated
2. he 3. t be killed
4. frm 5. because
6. have 7. ensuring
8. what 9. where
10. can
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了《夏洛特的网》于1952年10月15日首次出版，是一本受欢迎的儿童读物，由美国著名作家E. B.怀特撰写，加思·威廉姆斯配图，主题涉及友谊、失去、命运、接受和重生的本质。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：《夏洛特的网》于1952年10月15日首次出版，是一本受欢迎的儿童读物，由美国著名作家E. B.怀特撰写，加思·威廉姆斯配图，主题涉及友谊、失去、命运、接受和重生的本质。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰bk，bk和illustrate为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填illustrated。
【2题详解】
考查代词。句意：故事围绕着一只名叫威尔伯的猪，以及他与一只名叫夏洛特的非凡天才蜘蛛之间不太可能但却深厚的友谊展开。根据下文“keep Wilbur frm his fate”提到his fate可知，此处应为代词he指代上文提到的Wilbur。故填he。
【3题详解】
考查动词不定式的被动结构。句意：在农场里，当猪长到一定的尺寸和年龄时，被杀死是很正常的，聪明的夏洛特想出了一个计划，通过在她的网里织词来创造一个相当于一只猪的宣传活动，让威尔伯免受他的命运。此处为固定句型it is+adj +fr sb t d sth“做某事对于……是怎样的”，所以此处为动词不定式形式，结合pigs和kill为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动结构。故填t be killed。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：通过把威尔伯提升到名人的地位，夏洛特最终把他从屠刀的约会中救了出来。此处为固定短语save sb frm…“从……解救出来”，所以此处为介词frm的填入。故填frm。
【5题详解】
考查连词。句意：然而，《夏洛的网》的结局苦乐参半，因为威尔伯活了下来，夏洛却没有。根据句意可知，此处为because“因为”引导的原因状语从句，强调直接原因，满足句意要求，故填because。
6题详解】
考查动词。句意：所有的生物都出生，有生命周期，然后死亡。由and连接的are brn和die可知，此处也应为动词原形，保持并列谓语成分。故填have。
【7题详解】
考查动名词。句意：夏洛帮助威尔伯认识到，永生并不是永远活着，而是确保新一代的到来。由but rather连接的living为动名词可知，此处也应为动名词形式，作介词abut的宾语成分。故填ensuring。
【8题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：虽然我们可能会失去一个朋友，但新的友谊可能会出现，不是取代我们失去的，而是在我们所学到的基础上的祝福。分析句子可知，此处为连接代词what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语成分，意为“失去的东西”。故填what。
【9题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：《夏洛特的网》的灵感来自作者E. B.怀特在缅因州农场的真实经历，他在那里写了这本书，直到1985年去世。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词where引导的非限定性定语从句，先行词farm在从句中作地点状语成分。故填where。
【10题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：虽然作者声称这本书永远不能被认为是一个道德故事，但与道德原则或对与错有关的某些信息显然在《夏洛特的网》中得到了确立。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词can，和空后的never be构成can never be“不可能做到”，满足句意要求。故填can。
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Britain appears t be in a mental-health crisis. In the past decade n Eurpean cuntry has seen a greater increase in the use f antidepressants(抗抑郁药); nw nly the Prtuguese and Icelanders are ppping mre f the ____11____. Arund 4.5m Britns were in cntact with mental-health services in 2021-22, a rise f almst l m in five years.
There are a few reasns why Britns might be unhappier than their ____12____. One glbal pll fund that teenagers in Britain were sme f the lneliest in the wrld, with few supprtive relatinships and a lw sense f purpse and meaning: all risk factrs fr pr mental health. Britain’s prest husehlds are als ____13____ ff than their equivalents in France and Germany, fr example, which makes them mre vulnerable t cnditins such as anxiety and depressin. And Britain’s health system can seem mre ____14____ than thse in mst ther rich cuntries. In England alne, sme 3.8 m are waiting fr mental-health treatment.
Thse factrs might explain why mre peple are ____15____ t medicatin. Anther reasn is increased awareness. Campaigns arund depressin and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain. That is ____16____ a gd thing. A reductin in humiliatin (蒙羞) has encuraged mre peple t seek help. Taking antidepressants – r using mental-health services — has becme much mre acceptable.
But there is a ____17____ t this, as The Ecnmist recently reprted. Surveys suggest that Britns are increasingly ____18____ cmmn human emtins, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses. “Yu’re ging t lse any sense f what mental illness is if yu start t ____19____ it t 30%, 50% f the ppulatin,” says Adrian Massey, authr f a bk called “Sick-Nte Britain”.
Fr all the fcus n anxiety and depressin in campaigns, severe mental illnesses still receive t little attentin. This is a prblem: accrding t the GBD, Britain has the highest rates f severe mental illness in Eurpe. The causes f such cnditins are unclear, but seem t invlve a ____20____ interplay f genetic and envirnmental factrs. Illegal drug misuse, fr which Britain has amng the highest rates in the regin, als plays a rle.
【答案】11. H 12. F
13. K 14. G
15. J 16. E
17. D 18. I
19. A 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国人正处于心理健康危机之中，分析了导致这一现象背后的原因。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，没有哪个欧洲国家的抗抑郁药使用增长如此之快；现在只有葡萄牙人和冰岛人服用更多的药物。根据“In the past decade n Eurpean cuntry has seen a greater increase in the use f antidepressants; nw nly the Prtuguese and Icelanders are ppping mre f the”以及句意“药物”可知应填复数名词pills，作宾语。故选H。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：英国人可能比他们的邻居更不快乐，原因有以下几点。根据“One glbal pll fund that teenagers in Britain were sme f the lneliest in the wrld, with few supprtive relatinships and a lw sense f purpse and meaning: all risk factrs fr pr mental health.(一项全球民意调查发现，英国青少年是世界上最孤独的人群之一，他们几乎没有支持性的人际关系，目标感和意义感也很低：这些都是导致心理健康状况不佳的风险因素)”以及句意“邻居”可知应填复数名词neighbrs，故选F。
13题详解】
考查比较级。句意：例如，英国最贫穷的家庭也比法国和德国的同等家庭更贫穷，这使得他们更容易受到焦虑和抑郁等状况的影响。根据“ff than their equivalents in France and Germany, fr example, which makes them mre vulnerable t cnditins such as anxiety and depressin”以及句意“更加贫穷”可知短语为wrse ff，故选K。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：而且英国的医疗系统似乎比大多数其他富裕国家的医疗系统负担过重。根据“In England alne, sme 3.8 m are waiting fr mental-health treatment.(仅在英格兰，就有380万人在等待心理健康治疗)”以及句意“负担过重”可知应填形容词verburdened，作表语。故选G。
15题详解】
考查动词。句意：这些因素或许可以解释为什么越来越多的人开始求助于药物治疗。根据“t medicatin”以及句意“求助于”可知短语为turn t，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故选J。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：这很难说是一件好事。根据“A reductin in humiliatin has encuraged mre peple t seek help. Taking antidepressants — r using mental-health services — has becme much mre acceptable.(羞辱的减少鼓励了更多的人寻求帮助。服用抗抑郁药——或者使用心理健康服务——已经变得更容易被接受了)”以及句意“很难”可知应填副词hardly，故选E。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：但正如《经济学人》最近报道的那样，这种做法也有不利之处。根据“Surveys suggest that Britns are increasingly re-labeling cmmn human emtins, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses.(调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病)”以及句意“不利之处”可知应填名词dwnside，作主语，不定冠词提示用单数。故选D。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病。根据“cmmn human emtins, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses”以及句意“重新定义为”可知应填动词re-label，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故选I。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：“如果你开始把它应用到30%到50%的人身上，你就会对什么是精神疾病失去任何概念，”阿德里安·梅西说，他是一本名为《病态笔记英国》的书的作者。根据“it t 30%, 50% f the ppulatin”以及句意“应用”可知应填apply，此处为不定式作宾语。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：造成这种情况的原因尚不清楚，但似乎涉及遗传和环境因素的复杂相互作用。根据“interplay f genetic and envirnmental factrs”以及句意“复杂”可知应填形容词cmplicated，作定语修饰名词interplay。故选C。
Ⅲ．Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Methane (甲烷) is a greenhuse gas. Over 20 years it has ver 80 times the planet-cking pwer f carbn dixide, and is ____21____ fr nearly 45%f warming tday. Because methane is the main ____22____ f natural gas, much f man-made emissins cmes frm the energy industry. Yet because it is shrt-lived, cntrlling methane ffers the wrld its best pssible chance fr ____23____ prgress against climate change.
As COP28, the UN’s climate summit, gets ____24____ in Dubai, it is greatly encuraging, therefre, that the chances f such a deal n methane are gd. Negtiatrs must ____25____ at a rare pprtunity t strike ne.
The reasn a deal lks pssible is that the plitics are prmising in all the biggest markets. China has recently annunced that it will start including methane in its natinal climate plans. America will sn finalize regulatins t ____26____ methane emissins frm its huge il and gas sectr, including measures that cver leaky pipelines and strage. And the Eurpean Unin has als agreed n tugh methane standards, cvering bth dmestic surces and ____27____ fssil fuels.
____28____ are helping, t. A range f new technlgies fr mnitring methane will help ____29____ large surces f emissins frm the energy industry. Because il and gas firms can ften sell methane (rather than wastefully burning r releasing it), many investment s t avid _____30_____ will pay fr themselves. Mst firms d nt invest because f the truble, higher returns n ther prjects, r wells’ distance frm cnsumers. Whatever the reasn, they suffer n _____31_____ fr adding needlessly t glbal warming.
Since green-washing, the prcess f cnveying a false impressin abut hw sme prducts r measures are envirnmentally sund, is quite cmmn, if a glbal methane deal is t be mre than that, _____32_____, it will need rigur (缜密). Methane-cntrl seemed t _____33_____ at the UN climate summit in Glasgw tw years ag, when negtiatrs _____34_____ came up with a prpsal t cut emissins by 30% by 2030．Yet the deal was vluntary, and had n enfrcement mechanisms (机制); emissins have since _____35_____. An agreement this time rund must link prmises t natinal climate plans and, crucially, t dmestic enfrcement mechanisms.
21. A. pwerfulB. nticeableC. respnsibleD. pssible
22. A. causeB. ingredientC. agentD. cnsequence
23. A. quickB. ecnmicC. riginalD. natinal
24. A. under wayB. in the makingC. n bardD. t the pint
25. A. stareB. pintC. cmeD. leap
26. A. increaseB. stabilizeC. reduceD. balance
27 A. imprtedB. lcalizedC. exprtedD. glbalized
28. A. RevlutinsB. EvlutinsC. ReslutinsD. Innvatins
29. A. createB. activateC. decreaseD. spt
30. A. disastersB. delaysC. emissinsD. examinatins
31. A. lssB. punishmentC. abuseD. defeat
32. A. hweverB. therefreC. furtherD. nce
33. A. pay ffB. make utC. run utD. take ff
34. A. nisilyB. admittedlyC. reluctantlyD. accidentally
35. A. declinedB. disappearedC. swungD. risen
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了世界必须采取措施来控制甲烷。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在20年的时间里，它的加热能力是二氧化碳的80倍以上，并且对今天近45%的变暖负有责任。A. pwerful有力量的；B. nticeable显而易见的；C. respnsible负责任的；D. pssible可能的。根据上文“Over 20 years it has ver 80 times the planet-cking pwer f carbn dixide”可知，甲烷对今天近45%的变暖负有责任。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为天然气的主要组成部分，能源行业是人为甲烷排放的主要来源。 A. cause原因；B. ingredient成分；C. agent代理人；D. cnsequence结果。根据空后“f natural gas, much f man-made emissins cmes frm the energy industry”及常识可知，天然气的主要组成是甲烷。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，甲烷的寿命较短，因此控制甲烷排放成为全球迅速应对气候变化的最佳途径。A. quick快速的；B. ecnmic经济的；C. riginal原始的；D. natinal国家的。根据上文“Yet because it is shrt-lived, cntrlling methane ffers the wrld its best pssible chance”可知，控制甲烷排放成为全球迅速应对气候变化的最佳途径。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：随着联合国气候峰会（COP28）在迪拜的召开，有关甲烷的协议达成的可能性很大，这是一个令人鼓舞的迹象。 A. under way进行中；B. in the making正在形成中；C. n bard在船上；D. t the pint切题。根据上文“As COP28, the UN’s climate summit”可知，联合国气候峰会（COP28）在迪拜的召开。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：谈判者必须把握这一难得的机会。 A. stare盯着；B. pint指向；C. cme来；D. leap赶紧抓住（机会）。根据上文“the chances f such a deal n methane are gd”可知，机会难得，要抓住。固定搭配leap at“迅速抓住（机会、机遇等）”。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国即将完成旨在减少其庞大石油和天然气行业甲烷排放的规定，包括对泄漏的管道和储存设施的控制措施。A. increase增加；B. stabilize稳固；C. reduce减少；D. balance平衡。根据下文“including measures that cver leaky pipelines and strage”可知，美国即将完成旨在减少其庞大石油和天然气行业甲烷排放的规定。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同时，欧盟也制定了严格的甲烷标准，覆盖国内和进口化石燃料。 A. imprted进口的；B. lcalized局部的；C. exprted出口的；D. glbalized使全球化的。根据上文“dmestic surces”可知，与国内相对应的是进口燃料。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：创新技术的应用也在起到作用。 A. Revlutins革命；B. Evlutins进化；C. Reslutins决议；D. Innvatins创新。根据下文“A range f new technlgies”可知，创新技术也起了作用。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一系列监测甲烷的新技术将有助于发现能源工业的大型排放源。A. create创造；B. activate激活；C. decrease减少；D. spt发现。根据上文“mnitring methane”可知，测甲烷的新技术将有助于发现能源工业的大型排放源。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于石油和天然气公司可以销售甲烷（而非浪费性地燃烧或排放），许多减排投资能够自负盈亏。A. disasters灾难；B. delays拖延；C. emissins排放；D. examinatins考试。根据上文“releasing it”可知，许多减排投资能够自负盈亏。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管原因如何，他们对无谓加剧全球变暖的行为并未受到惩罚。A. lss丢失；B. punishment惩罚；C. abuse虐待，凌辱；D. defeat打败。根据上文“Mst firms d nt invest because f the truble, higher returns n ther prjects, r wells’ distance frm cnsumers.”可知，他们没有受到惩罚。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，要确保全球甲烷协议不仅仅是表面的环保措施，它必须具备严谨性。A. hwever然而；B. therefre因此；C. further进一步；D. nce曾经。根据句意可知，前后句为因果关系。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：甲烷控制似乎在两年前的格拉斯哥联合国气候峰会上开始起步，当时谈判代表们吵吵嚷嚷地提出了到2030年将排放量减少30%的建议。 A. pay ff回报；B. make ut弄清楚；C. run ut耗尽；D. take ff起飞，脱下。根据下文“when negtiatrs ____14____ came up with a prpsal t cut emissins by 30% by 2030.”可知，甲烷控制似乎在两年前的格拉斯哥联合国气候峰会上开始起步。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：甲烷控制似乎在两年前的格拉斯哥联合国气候峰会上开始起步，当时谈判代表们吵吵嚷嚷地提出了到2030年将排放量减少30%的建议。A. nisily吵闹地；B. admittedly不可否认地；C. reluctantly勉强地；D. accidentally 意外地。联合国气候峰会来自不同的国家，国情完全不同，所以达成一致较为困难，无所以是吵吵嚷嚷地提出了到2030年将排放量减少30%的建议。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，该协议是自愿的，没有执行机制；自那以后排放量增加了。A. declined拒绝；B. disappeared 消失；C. swung摆动；D. risen上涨。根据上文“had n enfrcement mechanisms (机制)”可知，缺乏执行机制导致放量反而有所上升。故选D项。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
（A）
The cast f the State f Maine is ne f the mst irregular in the wrld. A straight line running frm the suthernmst castal city t the nrthernmst castal city wuld measure abut 225 miles. If yu fllwed the castline between these pints, yu wuld travel mre than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result f what is called a drwned castline. The term cmes frm the glacial (冰川的) activity f the Ice Age. At that time, the whle area that is nw Maine was part f a muntain range that twered abve the sea. As the glacier declined, hwever, it applied enrmus frce n thse muntains, and they sank int the sea.
As the muntains sank, cean water charged ver the lwest parts f the remaining land. And the highest parts f the frmer muntain range, nearest the shre, remained as islands. Marine fssils fund here are 225 feet abve sea level indicating the level f the shreline prir t the glacier.
The 2,500-mile-lng rcky and jagged (锯齿状的) castline f Maine keeps watching ver nearly 2,000 islands. Many f these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are hme t blming cmmunities. Mt. Desert Island is ne f the largest, mst beautiful f the Maine cast islands left behind by the glacier. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly frmed as tw distinct islands. It is split almst in half by Smes Sund, a very deep and very narrw stretch f water seven miles lng.
Fr years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its majr settlement, Bar Harbr, has affrded summer hmes fr the wealthy. Recently, thugh, Bar Harbr has becme a new arts cmmunity as well. But the best part f the island is the unspiled frest land knwn as Acadia Natinal Park. Since the island sits n the brder between tw different gegraphical znes, the park supprts the plants and animals f bth znes. It als lies in a majr bird migratin lane and is a resting spt fr many birds.
36. The large number f small islands alng the cast f Maine is the result f ______.
A. the drwning f the Maine castlineB. glacier’s frcing muntains int the sea
C. the irregularity f the Maine castlineD. cean water’s flding the muntain range
37. What des the underlined wrd “charge” mean in paragraph 2?
A. T ask an amunt f mney.
B. T accuse smene publicly f ding smething wrng.
C. T rush in a particular directin.
D. T pass electricity thrugh smething.
38. Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea f paragraph 4 f the selectin?
A. The wealthy residents f Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it t themselves.
B. Acadia Natinal Park is ne f the best natinal parks.
C. On Mt. Desert Island, there is great tensin between the residents and turists.
D. Mt. Desert Island supprts an incredibly diverse animal and plant life.
39. Frm the passage, we learn that ________.
A. the castline f Maine is ten times lnger after the Ice Age
B. there are mre than 2,500 islands alng the Maine castline
C. Mt. Desert Island has been brken apart by a 7-mile-lng water stretch
D. an arts cmmunity gave way t the summer hmes n Mt. Desert Island
【答案】36. A 37. C 38. D 39. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章先介绍美国缅因州海岸线的地质特点和形成原因，接着着重描述了其中一个最大的岛屿——Mt. Desert岛。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“This irregularity is the result f what is called a drwned castline. At that time, the whle area that is nw Maine was part f a muntain range that twered abve the sea. As the glacier declined, hwever, it applied enrmus frce n thse muntains, and they sank int the sea.( 这种不规则性是被称为溺水海岸的结果。那时，现在是缅因州的整个地区是一座高耸在海面之上的山脉的一部分。然而，随着冰川消退，它对那些山脉施加了巨大的力量，它们沉入了海中)”和第二段“And the highest parts f the frmer muntain range, nearest the shre, remained as islands.(而最靠近海岸的原山脉的最高部分则保留为岛屿)”可知，缅因州海岸线的不规则性是通过“淹没的海岸线”形成的，这是冰川活动造成的结果。冰川退却时，山脉的部分沉入海底，留下高耸的部分成为岛屿。因此，许多小岛的形成是由于海岸线被淹没的结果。故选A。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“As the muntains sank, cean water charged ver the lwest parts f the remaining land.(随着山脉的沉没，海洋水charged了剩余陆地的最低部分)”可知，随着山脉的沉没，海洋水涌入淹没了剩余陆地的最低部分，因此划线词词义为：淹没、（水）冲向某个特定的地方，故选C。
【38题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段内容，特别是“But the best part f the island is the unspiled frest land knwn as Acadia Natinal Park. Since the island sits n the brder between tw different gegraphical znes, the park supprts the plants and animals f bth znes.(但岛上最好的部分是被称为阿卡迪亚国家公园的未受破坏的森林土地。由于该岛位于两个不同地理区域的交界处，公园支持着这两个区域的植物和动物)”可知，本段主要介绍该岛具有极其丰富的动植物多样性。故选D。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Mt. Desert was very nearly frmed as tw distinct islands. It is split almst in half by Smes Sund, a very deep and very narrw stretch f water seven miles lng.(巴港岛几乎形成了两个明显不同的岛屿。它几乎被索姆斯海峡一分为二，这是一条非常深且非常狭窄的七英里长的水域)”可知，岛屿被一段7英里的水域隔开。故选C。
（B）
40. ________ is the main disagreement between Marija Strjnik and Gerard Kriss.
A. The definitin f a planetB. The imprtance f detecting explanets
C. The artistic representatin f explanetsD. The use f the term “direct imaging”
41. Hw des Dr. Strjnik feel abut the interpretatin f a bright spt as an explanet?
A. She supprts it, as it is a cmmn practice in explanet astrnmy.
B. She apprves f it, althugh it des nt prvide a clear picture f the explanet.
C. She believes it is nly pssible thrugh visual bservatin and psitive assumptin.
D. She cnsiders the interpretatin t be debatable, as it requires significant prcessing.
42. Where can yu find these tw letters?
A. In the textbk.B. In a lcal newspaper.
C. In a published essay.D. In a science jurnal.
【答案】40. D 41. C 42. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲的是Strjnik博士对直接探测系外行星等同于直接成像的观念提出了挑战。虽然她承认将行星的光从恒星中分离出来是一项重大成就，但她认为，仅仅是一个亮点并不能构成系外行星的真实图像。从她作为光学科学家的角度来看，系外行星天文学中的“直接成像”一词可能会产生误导，因为它涉及到广泛的处理和理论建模，以区分行星的光线。Strjnik强调了直接探测和真实成像之间的区别，认为将亮点解释为行星需要主观的解释，而不是清晰的视觉证据。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二方框第二段中“Explanet researchers rutinely call vides such as the ne belw f 51 Eridani b “direct images” because the planet’s light has been separated frm that f its star. “Directly imaged” is the standard language f explanet astrnmy. But t an ptical (光学的) scientist such as myself, there is a strng distinctin between direct detectin (the planet’s light separated frm the light f its sta) and direct imaging (a prven picture f the explanet).”（系外行星研究人员通常将51 Eridani b的视频称为“直接图像”，因为这颗行星的光线已经与它的恒星分开了。“直接成像”是系外行星天文学的标准语言。但对于像我这样的光学科学家来说，直接探测（行星的光与恒星的光分离）和直接成像（）已证实的系外行星的照片）之间有很大的区别。）以及“Indeed, even the wrd “direct” in direct detectin is debatable frm an ptical researcher’s pint f view.”（事实上，从光学研究人员的角度来看，甚至直接探测中的“直接”这个词都是有争议的。）可知，“直接成像”一词的使用是Marija Strjnik和Gerard Kriss之间的主要分歧。故选D项。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二方框第四段中“But the interpretatin f a bright spt as a planet is nly pssible upn visual inspectin and ptimistic thinking. As an ptical scientist, I cannt lk at a single spt and call it an image f explanets.”（但是，只有通过肉眼观察和乐观的思考，才能将亮点解释为行星。作为一名光学科学家，我不能只看一个点就把它称为系外行星的图像。）可知，对于将一个亮点解释为系外行星，Strjnik博士认为只有通过视觉观察和积极的假设才有可能。故选C项。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，文章主要讲是Strjnik博士对直接探测系外行星等同于直接成像的观念提出了挑战。虽然她承认将行星的光从恒星中分离出来是一项重大成就，但她认为，仅仅是一个亮点并不能构成系外行星的真实图像。从她作为光学科学家的角度来看，系外行星天文学中的“直接成像”一词可能会产生误导，因为它涉及到广泛的处理和理论建模，以区分行星的光线。Strjnik强调了直接探测和真实成像之间的区别，认为将亮点解释为行星需要主观的解释，而不是清晰的视觉证据。可知，这是一篇关于研究天文学类的文章，由此可推知，这两份信可能出现在科学杂志上。故选D项。
（C）
The ancient Egyptians thught s little f the brain that when a king died, they remved the brain frm his bdy and threw it away. The Egyptians assumed, like many peple befre and after them, that cnsciusness — yur mind and yur thughts existed in the heart.
Nw we knw that the mind is a prduct f the brain, but hw exactly des this 1.5-kil piece f matter create a mind that allws yu t think abut yurself, experience happiness and anger, r remember events that happened 20 minutes r 20 years ag? This isn’t a new questin. Tday, hwever, pwerful new techniques fr visualizing the surces f thught, emtin, behavir, and memry are transfrming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates.
Have yu ever stpped and thught, “What’s wrng with me tday? I just dn’t feel like myself”? Perhaps yu were mre tired r wrried than usual — but smehw, yu knew that smething was different abut yu. This self-awareness - the ability t think abut yurself and hw yu’re feeling-is an imprtant part f being human.
This part f f yur mind has its rigins in the prefrntal crtex — a regin f yur brain just behind yur frehead that extends t abut yur ears. Befre this area began t functin (arund age tw), yu didn’t understand that yu were a separate individual with yur wn identity. As this part f yur brain develped, yu became mre aware f yurself and yur thughts and feelings.
Thugh humans may share certain emtins and recgnize them in thers, we dn’t all have the same emtinal respnse t every situatin. In fact, mst emtinal respnses are learned and stred in ur memries. The smell f freshly cut grass, fr example, will generate happy feelings in smene wh spent enjyable childhd summers in the cuntryside, but nt in smene wh was frced t wrk lng hurs n a farm. Once an emtinal assciatin like this is made, it is very difficult t reverse it. “Emtin is the least flexible part f the brain,” says psychlgist Paul Ekman. But we can learn t cntrl ur emtins by becming cnsciusly aware f their underlying causes and by nt reacting autmatically t things in ur envirnment.
Fr centuries, peple have studied the brain, but it is nly in recent years that we have really started t learn hw it wrks. Nevertheless, there is still a lng way t g befre we understand ur mind’s many cmplexities.
43. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Hw we create and cntrl emtins.B. Hw the mind wrks.
C. Hw human beings are distinct.D. Hw emtins are prcessed.
44. Why des the authr mentin the ancient Egyptians’ practice in the very beginning?
A. T illustrate the imprtance f the heart in ancient Egyptian culture.
B. T intrduce the cre theme f the mind-bdy cnnectin and evlutin.
C. T prvide an example f hw the brain has been misunderstd thrughut histry.
D. T cntrast the ancient Egyptians’ views n the brain with the mdern ne.
45. Which f the fllwing statement is NOT true?
A. Self-awareness develps befre the age f tw.
B. The prefrntal crtex affects a persn’s emtins.
C. The prefrntal crtex is lcated at the frnt f the brain.
D. Self-awareness strengthens with the develpment f the brain.
46. What des the passage suggest abut the flexibility f emtins?
A. Emtins are universal and d nt change ver time r with individual experiences.
B. Emtins are generally learned and stred in ur memries, making them quite flexible.
C. Emtins are influenced by ur persnal experiences and can vary frm persn t persn.
D. Emtins are the least flexible part f the mind, and they cannt be cntrlled.
【答案】43. B 44. C 45. A 46. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大脑如何创造意识、情绪及自我认知等心理活动的现代理解与研究进展。
【43题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容及第二段中“Tday, hwever, pwerful new techniques fr visualizing the surces f thught, emtin, behavir, and memry are transfrming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates.(然而，如今，用于可视化思维、情感、行为及记忆源头的强大新技术正在彻底改变我们对大脑及其创造的心智的理解)”和最后一段中“Fr centuries, peple have studied the brain, but it is nly in recent years that we have really started t learn hw it wrks.(几个世纪以来，人们一直在研究大脑，但直到最近几年，我们才真正开始了解它是如何工作的)”可知，文章主要探讨了大脑如何创造意识以及我们如何控制情绪，B选项“心智是如何工作的”最能概括文章主题。故选B。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Nw we knw that the mind is a prduct f the brain, but hw exactly des this 1.5-kil piece f matter create a mind that allws yu t think abut yurself, experience happiness and anger, r remember events that happened 20 minutes r 20 years ag?(现在我们已经知道，心智是大脑的产物，但这个重约1.5公斤的物质究竟是如何创造出一个能让你思考自我、体验快乐与愤怒，或是回忆起20分钟乃至20年前事件的心智呢？)”可知，作者在开头提到古埃及人处理大脑的方式是为了展示历史上人们对于大脑的误解，以此引出后文对大脑功能的现代理解，引入关于大脑如何创造意识的讨论。故选C。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Befre this area began t functin (arund age tw), yu didn’t understand that yu were a separate individual with yur wn identity. As this part f yur brain develped, yu became mre aware f yurself and yur thughts and feelings.(在这一区域开始发挥作用之前(大约两岁左右)，你并不理解自己是一个拥有独立身份的个体。随着大脑这一部分的发展，你变得对自己、自己的思想和情感更加有意识)”可知，自我意识是在两岁左右开始发展的，而不是之前，A选项的说法是错误的。故选A。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“Thugh humans may share certain emtins and recgnize them in thers, we dn’t all have the same emtinal respnse t every situatin. In fact, mst emtinal respnses are learned and stred in ur memries.(尽管人类可能共有一些情感，并能在他人身上识别它们，但我们并非对每种情境都有相同的情感反应。事实上，大多数情感反应都是习得的，并存储在我们的记忆中)”及“Once an emtinal assciatin like this is made, it is very difficult t reverse it. “Emtin is the least flexible part f the brain,” says psychlgist Paul Ekman. . (一旦形成这样的情感联系，就很难逆转。“情感是大脑中最不灵活的部分，”心理学家保罗·埃克曼说)”可知，情绪反应大多源于个人经历并存储于记忆中，且一旦形成很难改变，说明情绪在个体间可能因个人经历而有所不同，且具有相对不灵活性。故选C。
Sectin C
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
It is certainly difficult t make mney. But shuld mney be difficult t give away? In The Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and Jhn D. Rckefeller wrried abut waste and misuse; Carnegie wrte in 1889 that $950 f every $1,000 that went t charity was “unwisely spent”. ____47____ Dnrs ran lengthy applicatin prcesses, prvided funds and fulfilled painstaking reprting requirements. In 2006 The Ecnmist called it “philanthrcapitalism (慈善资本主义)”.
____48____ The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% f their cmbined frtunes, accrding t Frbes. At the last cunt in 2022, almst $1.2 trn was sitting in American private fundatins and $230bn in dnr-advised funds, a srt f savings accunt fr dnrs. Plenty f mney is being marked fr charity. But it is nt getting t wrthy causes fast enugh.
Frtunately, a new generatin f dnrs is nce again shaking up the wrld f big philanthrpy (慈善事业). Leading the missin is MacKenzie Sctt, wh simplified the prcess f giving and is dnating billins f dllars a year with few cnditins. This “n-strings giving” is changing mega-dnrs’ lng-held assumptins. ____49____
One is the recgnitin that philanthrpists d nt have t d everything themselves. ____50____ An upside f a decades-lng trend fr businesslike philanthrpy is that armies f cnsultants have emerged t help dnrs draw up a strategy and cnduct due diligence n ptential recipients. Dnrs can team up and share the wrk, t.
Anther lessn frm the n-strings crwd is that philanthrpists can trust recipients t put mney t gd use nce the prper due diligence is in place. That means analyzing a nnprfit rganizatin’s annual reprts and interviewing its leaders and ther funders.
A. It ffers lessns fr thse struggling t get mney ut f the dr.
B. In additin t that, her charity wrk is t numerus t mentin.
C. Hwever, this idea that charities’ mney is wasted has been prven wrng by evidence.
D. Mega-dnrs n lnger need t endure the truble f setting up a fundatin and hiring staff.
E. Tw decades n, hwever, it’s becme clear that all this paperwrk puts the brakes n giving.
F. Arund the turn f the millennium dnrs lked t data and rules as a way t stp waste.
【答案】47. F 48. E 49. A 50. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了慈善资本主义的弊端，以及新的一代的慈善家是如何进行慈善事业的。
【47题详解】
根据上文“In The Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and Jhn D. Rckefeller wrried abut waste and misuse; Carnegie wrte in 1889 that $950 f every $1,000 that went t charity was “unwisely spent”.”（在镀金时代，安德鲁·卡内基(Andrew Carnegie)和约翰·D·洛克菲勒(Jhn D. Rckefeller)等实业家担心浪费和滥用；卡内基在1889年写道，捐赠给慈善机构的每1000美元中，有950美元“花得不明智”。）提到担心浪费和滥用捐赠的钱。以及下文“Dnrs ran lengthy applicatin prcesses, prvided funds and fulfilled painstaking reprting requirements.”（捐助者进行了漫长的申请程序，提供资金并完成了繁琐的报告要求。）提到提供资金并完成繁琐的报告要求。结合选项F项Arund the turn f the millennium dnrs lked t data and rules as a way t stp waste.（在千禧年前后，捐赠者希望通过数据和规则来阻止浪费。）可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
【48题详解】
根据下文“The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% f their cmbined frtunes, accrding t Frbes.”（根据福布斯的数据，美国最富有的400人只捐出了他们财富总额的6%。）提到最富有的400人只捐出了他们财富总额的6%。结合选项E项Tw decades n, hwever, it’s becme clear that all this paperwrk puts the brakes n giving.（然而，二十年过去了，很明显，所有这些文书工作都阻碍了捐赠。）可知，和下文内容紧密连接，下文是对空格处内容的具体说明，符合语境。故选E项。
【49题详解】
根据上文“This “n-strings giving” is changing mega-dnrs’ lng-held assumptins.”（这种“无条件捐赠”正在改变巨额捐赠者长期以来的假设。）提到无条件捐赠这个概念。结合选项A项It ffers lessns fr thse struggling t get mney ut f the dr.（它为那些挣扎着把钱带出家门的人提供了教训。）可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接。故选A项。
【50题详解】
根据上文“One is the recgnitin that philanthrpists d nt have t d everything themselves.”（其一是认识到慈善家不必事事亲力亲为。）提到慈善家不必事事亲力亲为。以及下文“An upside f a decades-lng trend fr businesslike philanthrpy is that armies f cnsultants have emerged t help dnrs draw up a strategy and cnduct due diligence n ptential recipients.”（商业慈善事业几十年来的趋势的一个好处是，顾问大军已经出现，帮助捐赠者制定战略，并对潜在的接受者进行尽职调查。）结合选项D项Mega-dnrs n lnger need t endure the truble f setting up a fundatin and hiring staff.（超级捐赠者不再需要忍受设立基金会和雇佣员工的麻烦。）可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，同时引起下文，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选D项。
Ⅳ．Summary Writing
51. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Fr thusands f years, Chinese peple have valued the large family with three, fur, r even five generatins living under the same rf. That's what we call an extended family. Nw it is changing. Cmpared t extended families. nuclear families which invlve nly tw generatins living tgether are becming the trend. Apart frm family size, these families are als featured by reduced dependence n the last generatin. Yung peple are able t make decisins n their wn and children are less likely t be brught up by their grandparents.
The reasn fr the tendency f nuclear families can be reflected as fllws. It's a time when yung peple think highly f individual freedm. Yung peple like t have persnal space that wn't be disturbed by the ld generatins. In this way, they are mre likely t avid cnflicts caused by different living habits frm their parents.
It's als a time when scial welfare institutins are highly advanced fr ld peple t lead a cmfrtable life . Senir citizens can live tgether in sme nursing hmes and be taken gd care f by specialized nursing wrkers, which may base yung peple's heavy burden f attending their aging parents.
Hwever, the prblem cncerning attending t children turns up as the number f nuclear families increases. Yung peple are busy with their wrk and spend less time with their children. As a result, lacking enugh care bth frm their parents and grandparents during their grwth, children may develp mental illnesses like lneliness and depressin. Many yung peple, therefre, hire babysitters t lk after and keep cmpany with their children, which adds a financial burden t them.
Facing the prblem abve, yung peple can seek help frm ld generatins, cmmunities and gvernment. Old generatins are welcmed t take care f their grandchildren, especially when yung peple are asked t wrk vertime. Cmmunities ught t rganize sme vlunteers t lk after unattended kids. And gvernment can set up special lads fr yung peple t relieve their financial prblem. With the jint effrts, nuclear families are expected t fit in well with the develpment f the sciety.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The trend f nuclear families is increasing in China, with fewer generatins living tgether under ne rf. Hwever, this trend als leads t challenges in child care, as parents have less time t spend with their children. Slutins such as invlving grandparents, cmmunity vlunteers, and gvernment supprt are suggested t address these challenges.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说在中国，核心家庭的趋势正在增加，越来越少的几代人住在一个屋檐下。然而，这一趋势也带来了儿童保育方面的挑战，因为父母花在孩子身上的时间越来越少。解决这些挑战的方法包括祖父母、社区志愿者和政府支持。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Fr thusands f years, Chinese peple have valued the large family with three, fur, r even five generatins living under the same rf. That’s what we call an extended family. Nw it is changing.
②Cmpared t extended families, nuclear families which invlve nly tw generatins living tgether are becming the trend.
③Hwever, the prblem cncerning attending t children turns up as the number f nuclear families increases.
④Facing the prblem abve, yung peple can seek help frm ld generatins, cmmunities and gvernment.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句
In China, the trend f nuclear family is increasing, because fewer and fewer generatins live under ne rf.
Nevertheless, this trend als brings childcare challenges as parents spend less and less time with their children.
Appraches t addressing these challenges include grandparents, cmmunity vlunteers, and gvernment supprt.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：The trend f nuclear families is increasing in China, with fewer generatins living tgether under ne rf.（运用了with的复合结构作状语）
[高分句型2]：Hwever, this trend als leads t challenges in child care, as parents have less time t spend with their children.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句）
Ⅴ．Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrd given in the brackets.
52. 校餐也要以其他食品的推销方法推销给孩子。（the same way）(汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Schl meals shuld als be marketed t children in the same way as ther fds.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语和介词短语。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“校餐”应为名词短语Schl meals；表示“被推销给”应为动词短语be marketed t；表示“孩子们”为名词children；表示“以同样的方式”应为介词短语in the same way；表示“和其他食物一样”应为介词短语as ther fds。故翻译为：Schl meals shuld als be marketed t children in the same way as ther fds.
53. 为了培养学生地道的口音，该大学计划从国外聘请一些英文老师。（handful）(汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In rder t cultivate students' authentic accent, the university plans t hire a handful f English teachers frm abrad.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、动词、名词短语、动词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“为了做某事”应为固定短语In rder t d；表示“培养”为动词cultivate；表示“学生地道的口音”应为名词短语students' authentic accent；表示“该大学”为名词the university；表示“计划做某事”应为动词短语plan t d；表示“聘请”为动词hire；表示“一些英文老师”应为名词短语a handful f English teachers；结合句意可知，该句应为一般现在时。故翻译为：In rder t cultivate students' authentic accent, the university plans t hire a handful f English teachers frm abrad.
54. 与这位家喻户晓的建筑师一起工作是一次难忘的经历，是我职业生涯迄今为止的一个亮点。(highlight) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Wrking with this universally renwned architect was an unfrgettable experience, undubtedly a highlight f my career thus far.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句子描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语中的“与……一起工作”wrk with，“这位家喻户晓的建筑师”this universally renwned architect，“与这位家喻户晓的建筑师一起工作”作句子主语，需用动名词短语形式wrking with this universally renwned architect，作主语置于句首，首字母大写，系动词“是”需用过去式，且动名词短语作主语，应用第三人称单数was，表语“一次难忘的经历”an unfrgettable experience，同位语“我职业生涯的一个亮点”a highlight f my career，副词“无疑，必定”undubtedly作状语，“迄今为止”thus far。故翻译为Wrking with this universally renwned architect was an unfrgettable experience, undubtedly a highlight f my career thus far.
55. 主席不仅致力于打造一个科技强国，还号召人们加强科技创新园区的建设，并推动绿色制造业的发展。（call n）(汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The Chairman nt nly fcuses n building a strng cuntry in science and technlgy but als calls n peple t strengthen the cnstructin f science and technlgy innvatin parks and t prmte the develpment f green manufacturing.
【解析】
【详解】考查nt als...并列句、动词短语以及名词短语。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。“不仅……还……”可以使用nt nly but als句型，其中第一个分句中，主语是“主席”，翻译为chairman，谓语是“致力于打造”，翻译为fcus n building，“科技强国”是宾语，翻译为a strng cuntry in science and technlgy；第二个分句中，主语仍然是“主席”，谓语是“号召”，按照题目要求，使用call n sb. t d。“科技创新园区”翻译为the cnstructin f science and technlgy innvatin parks。“并推动……”可以处理成另外一个并列分句，和call n sb. t d进行并列，“绿色制造业”翻译为green manufacturing。故整句翻译为The Chairman nt nly fcuses n building a strng cuntry in science and technlgy but als calls n peple t strengthen the cnstructin f science and technlgy innvatin parks and t prmte the develpment f green manufacturing.
Ⅵ．Guided Writing
56. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的学生吴磊，你校英文报《英语拾零》（English Sidelights）正庆祝创刊十周年，请你写一篇文章投稿，内容包括：
● 读报的经历；
● 喜爱的栏目；
● 期望和祝福。
（文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称）
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
English Sidelights and Me
I have been an avid reader f English Sidelights since the day my teacher recmmended it t me. I remember that the first time I picked up a cpy f the paper, I was struck by the quality f the writing and the depth f the cverage. Since then, I have made it a habit t read it every day.
One f my favrite sectins is the Opinin. I appreciate the diverse range f views and perspectives presented in this sectin. The editrials are well-researched and thught-prvking, and the guest cmmentaries ffer fresh insights int a variety f issues.
I expect the paper t stay true t its cre values and t cntinue t prvide readers with high-quality reprting and analysis. On this special ccasin f the 10th anniversary f English Sidelights, I hpe the paper will thrive and grw in the years ahead.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校英文报《英语拾零》正庆祝创刊十周年，要求考生按照要求写一篇文章投稿。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
热衷的：avid→ keen
呈现：present→ shw
提供：ffer→ prvide
各种各样的：a variety f→ varius
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I appreciate the diverse range f views and perspectives presented in this sectin.
拓展句：I appreciate the diverse range f views and perspectives that are presented in this sectin.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I remember that the first time I picked up a cpy f the paper, I was struck by the quality f the writing and the depth f the cverage.（运用了that引导的宾语从句、the first time引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】On this special ccasin f the 10th anniversary f English Sidelights, I hpe the paper will thrive and grw in the years ahead.（运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句）
A．apply B．bradly C．cmplicated D．dwnside E．hardly F．neighbrs
G．verburdened H．pills I．re-labeling J．turning K．wrse
T the Editrs:
I am surprised t read that Dr. Strjnik (“Direct Detectin f Explanets,” September-Octber2023) states that we have nt yet and cannt directly image explanets (外部行星). This is incrrect. NASA/IPAC has a list at
One example is an image f 51 Eridani b. The planet is 2.6 times as massive as Jupiter and has the same radius (半径).
Gerard Kriss
Space Telescpe Science Institute
Dr. Gerard:
I am pleased that my article brught a respnse. The phrase “planet detectin” aruses in peple’s imaginatins beautiful images f planets that are creative artistic representatins f nvel wrlds. But a blur f brightness is nt an image.
Explanet researchers rutinely call vides such as the ne belw f 51 Eridani b “direct images” because the planet’s light has been separated frm that f its star. “Directly imaged” is the standard language f explanet astrnmy. But t an ptical (光学的) scientist such as myself, there is a strng distinctin between direct detectin (the planet’s light separated frm the light f its star) and direct imaging (a prven picture f the explanet). Frm an ptical researcher’s perspective, a single bright spt simply is nt an image.
Indeed, even the wrd “direct” in direct detectin is debatable frm an ptical researcher’s pint f view. The detectin f the light f the explanet requires significant prcessing, adding multiple images and remving starlight based n theretical mdels f the surce signal.
But the interpretatin f a bright spt as a planet is nly pssible upn visual inspectin and ptimistic thinking. As an ptical scientist, I cannt lk at a single spt and call it an image f explanets. A trajectry (轨迹), r a series f bright pints, is nt an image f a planet, althugh it very likely represents smething that nwadays is described as an explanet.
Marija Strjnik