资料中包含下列文件，点击文件名可预览资料内容
还剩7页未读，
继续阅读
2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三第一次质量数据监测（一模）英语试卷（原卷版+解析版）
展开
这是一份2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三第一次质量数据监测（一模）英语试卷（原卷版+解析版），文件包含精品解析2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三第一次质量数据监测一模英语试卷原卷版docx、精品解析2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三第一次质量数据监测一模英语试卷解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共31页， 欢迎下载使用。
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、座位号涂写在答题卡上。
2.选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
3.考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑
A
If yu think abut Wrld Heritage Sites, yu prbably think f places cnnected with ancient art and culture, histrical buildings and mnuments. And f curse, many f these are n the Wrld Heritage List (WHL) (世界遗产名录). But the WHL cntains a lt f sites that are nt s bvius. Let’s lk at a few f them.
Rbben Island in Suth Africa
This island was used thrugh the centuries a s a prisn, a hspital and a military base. But it’s prbably mst famus as a maximum-security prisn fr plitical prisners in the twentieth century. Nelsn Mandela was ne f its mst famus residents. The WHL says it represents “the victry f demcracy (民主) and freedm ver ppressin (压迫) and racism (种族主义).”
Brders f France and Spain
This is an area f great natural beauty and the muntains have many interesting gelgical frmatins. But it is als an area f small farm. Peple there still use a type f agriculture that used t be cmmn in muntainus areas f Eurpe but that has almst cmplete disappeared in mdern times.
The city f Brasilia, Brazil
Brasilia is a capital city that was created frm nthing in 1956. The WHL calls it “a landmark in the histry f twn planning”. The different areas f the city and the buildings themselves were all designed at the same time carefully. Every part f the city shws the ideas f the planner and architect.
Simien Natinal Park, Ethipia
Simien Natinal Park was ne f the first sites t be listed in 1978. It is ne f the highest muntainus areas in Africa, and the WHL calls it “ne f the mst spectacular landscapes in the wrld”. It is als imprtant fr its wildlife. The ppulatin f sme rare animals is getting smaller and smaller.
1. Which f the fllwing sites was listed n the WHL fr its plitical symbl?
A. Simien Natinal Park, Ethipia.B. Rbben Island in Suth Africa.
C. Brders f France and Spain.D. The city f Brasilia, Brazil.
2. Which f the fllwing sites is famus fr the wnderful plan f buildings?
A. Rbben Island in Suth Africa.B. Brders f France and Spain.
C. The city f Brasilia, Brazil.D. Simien Natinal Park, Ethipia.
3. The passage mainly talks abut ________.
A. the remains f ancient cultures n the WHL
B. the husehld heritage sites n the WHL
C. imprtant places f art and culture
D. sme f the less well-knwn sites n the WHL
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四处世界遗产名录上不太出名的地点，以及这些地点的特点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Rbben Island in Suth Africa部分下的“But it’s prbably mst famus as a maximum-security prisn fr plitical prisners in the twentieth century. Nelsn Mandela was ne f its mst famus residents.(但它可能是20世纪最著名的政治犯最高安全级别的监狱)”可知，南非罗本岛是因为政治象征被列入世界遗产名录。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据The city f Brasilia, Brazil下的“The WHL calls it‘a landmark in the histry f twn planning’(世界遗产记录称它是‘城市规划历史上的一个里程碑’)”以及“Every part f the city shws the ideas f the planner and architect.(城市的每一个部分都体现了规划者和建筑师的梦想)”可推知，巴西的巴西利亚市是因为卓越的城市规划而被列入世界遗产名录。故选C项。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“But the WHL cntains a lt f sites that are nt s bvius. Let’s lk at a few f them.(但世界遗产记录上有一些不太出名的地方，让我们来看看它们其中的一些)”结合下文对四处世界遗产的介绍可知，本文主要给读者介绍几处在世界遗产名录上不太出名的地点。故选D项。
B
Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial slutin t tw f her cuntry’s prblems: garbage and pverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Prject. The 26-year-ld student and envirnmentalist frm Detrit is asking a favr f lcal snack lvers: Rather than thrw yur empty chip bags int the trash, dnate them s she can turn them int sleeping bags fr the hmeless.
Chip waters drp ff their empty bags frm Drits. Lays. and ther favrites at tw lcatins in Detrit:a print shp and a clthing stre. where Oleita and her vlunteer helpers cllect them. After they clean the chip bags in sapy ht water, they slice them pen, lay them flat, and irn them tgether. They use padding (衬垫) and liners (衬里) frm ld cats t line the insides.
It takes abut fur hurs t sew a sleeping bag and each takes arund 150 t 300 chip bags depending n whether they’re single-serve r family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterprf lightweight and easy t carry arund”. Oleita tld the Detrit News.
Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Prject has cllected mre than 800,000 chip bags and, as f last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it wuld be simpler t raise the mney t buy new sleeping bags. But that’s nly half the gal fr Oleita — whse family mved t the United States frm Nigeria a decade ag with the hpe f attaining a better life —and her fellw vlunteers. “We are devted t making an impact nt nly scially, but envirnmentally,”she says.
And, f curse, there’s the symblism f rescuing bags that wuld therwise land in the trash and using them t help the hmeless. It’s a pwerful reminder that envirnmental prblem and pverty ften g hand in hand. As Oleita tld hurdetrit.cm, “I think it’s time t shw cnnectins between all f these issues.”
4. What did Oleita ask the snack lvers t d with their empty chip bags?
A. T turn them int sleeping bags.B. T give them away t her.
C. T thrw them int the trash.D. T dnate them t the hmeless directly.
5 What d we knw abut the sleeping bag made by Chip Bag Prject?
A. Its size is adjustable.B. It is nly made f ld cats.
C. It has the functin f heatingD. It is prtable.
6 What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. The aim f the prject is mre than scial issues.
B. Pverty results frm envirnmental prblems.
C. Oleita’s prject made 110 sleeping bags per mnth.
D. Oleita started the prject mainly t raise mney.
7. Which wrds can best describe Oleita?
A. Hardwrking and lyal.B. Talented and scial.
C. Respnsible and creative.D. Selfless and mdest.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Eradajere Oleita建立了the Chip Bag Prject，回收空薯片袋子，将其制成睡袋，送给无家可归的人，她的努力取得了一定的效果，部分缓解了垃圾和贫穷问题。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The 26-year-ld student and envirnmentalist frm Detrit is asking a favr f lcal snack lvers: Rather than thrw yur empty chip bags int the trash, dnate them s she can turn them int sleeping bags fr the hmeless. (这位来自底特律的26岁学生和环保主义者请求当地小吃爱好者的帮助：与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐出来，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋)”可知，Oleita让零食爱好者把空薯片袋捐赠给她。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterprf lightweight and easy t carry arund”. (其结果是一个“防水、轻便、便于携带”的睡袋)”可知，这种睡袋是便于携带的。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Prject has cllected mre than 800,000 chip bags and, as f last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it wuld be simpler t raise the mney t buy new sleeping bags. But that’s nly half the gal fr Oleita — whse family mved t the United States frm Nigeria a decade ag with the hpe f attaining a better life —and her fellw vlunteers. “We are devted t making an impact nt nly scially, but envirnmentally,” she says. (自2020年启动以来，薯片袋项目已经收集了80多万个薯片袋，截至去年12月，已经制作了110个睡袋。当然，筹钱买新睡袋会更简单。但对Oleita和她的志愿者同伴们来说，这只是他们目标的一半。Oleita一家十年前从尼日利亚搬到美国，希望过上更好的生活。她说：“我们致力于不仅在社会上产生影响，而且致力于在环境上产生影响。”)”可知，Oleita希望the Chip Bag Prject不仅在社会上，而且在环境上产生影响，因此，该项目的目的不仅仅是解决社会问题。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial slutin t tw f her cuntry’s prblems: garbage and pverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Prject. The 26-year-ld student and envirnmentalist frm Detrit is asking a favr f lcal snack lvers: Rather than thrw yur empty chip bags int the trash, dnate them s she can turn them int sleeping bags fr the hmeless. (Eradajere Oleita认为，她或许能部分解决该国的两个问题：垃圾和贫困。它被称为薯片袋计划。这位来自底特律的26岁学生和环保主义者请求当地小吃爱好者的帮助：与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐出来，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋)”可知，Oleita希望能部分解决国家垃圾和贫困的问题，并且想到把空薯片袋变成无家可归者的睡袋，可推测她是有责任心且有创造力的。故选C项。
C
The Asch Cnfrmity Experiments, cnducted by psychlgist Slmn Asch in the 1950s, demnstrated the pwer f cnfrmity. (从众) in grups and shwed that even simple bjective facts cannt resist the pressure f grup influence.
In the experiments, grups f university students were asked t participate in a perceptin test. In reality, all but ne f the participants were “cnfederates”, cperatrs with the experimenter wh nly pretended t be participants. The study was abut hw the remaining student wuld react t the behavir f the ther “participants”.
The participants f the experiment were presented with a card with a simple vertical (垂直) black line n it. Then, they were given a secnd card with three lines f varying length labeled A. B, and C. One line n the secnd card was the same length as that n the first, and the ther tw lines were bviusly lnger and shrter.
Participants were asked t state ut lud in frnt f each ther which line, A, B, r C, matched the length f the line n the first card. In each experimental case, the cnfederates answered first, and the real participant was seated s that he wuld answer last. In sme cases, the cnfederates answered crrectly, while in thers, they answered incrrectly.
Asch intended t see if the real participant wuld be pressured t answer incrrectly in the instances when the cnfederates did s, r whether their belief in their wn perceptin and crrectness wuld utweigh the scial pressure prvided by the respnses f the ther grup members.
Asch fund that ne-third f real participants gave the same wrng answers as the cnfederates at least half the time. Frty percent gave sme wrng answers, and nly ne-furth gave crrect answers in defiance f the pressure t cnfrm t the wrng answers prvided by the grup.
In interviews fllwing the trials, Asch fund that fr thse wh answered incrrectly, in cnfrmance with the grup, sme believed that the answers given by the cnfederates were crrect, sme thught that they were suffering a lapse(失误) in perceptin when they riginally had the answer different frm the grup, and thers admitted that they knew that they had the crrect answer, but cnfrmed t the incrrect answer because they didn’t want t break frm the majrity.
8 What are the participants asked t d in the experiment?
A. Label the cards with different letters.B. Pick ut tw lines f the same length.
C. State the reasn fr matching the cards.D. Identify the lngest vertical black line.
9. What’s paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. The result f the experiment.B. The design f the experiment.
C. The purpse f the experiment.D. The prcedure f the experiment.
10. What des the underlined part “in defiance f” in paragraph 6 mean?
A. In spite f.B. Fr fear f.C. In respnse t.D. On accunt f.
11. Why did the real participants give a wrng answer?
A. They misunderstd the questin.B. They believed their wn judgment.
C. They failed t resist grup influence.D. They wanted t be different frm thers.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了心理学家索洛蒙·阿什的实验揭示了从众行为的力量，有些参与者选择错误答案是出于遵循大多数人的心理，而放弃了自己正确的判断。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“Participants were asked t state ut lud in frnt f each ther which line, A, B, r C, matched the length f the line n the first card. (参与者被要求在对方面前大声说出A, B或C中的哪条线与第一张卡片上的线的长度相匹配。)”可知，参与者被要求在实验中找出两条长度相同的线。故选B。
【9题详解】
段落大意题。根据第五段的“Asch intended t see if the real participant wuld be pressured t answer incrrectly in the instances when the cnfederates did s, r whether their belief in their wn perceptin and crrectness wuld utweigh the scial pressure prvided by the respnses f the ther grup members. (Asch想看看真正的参与者是否会在同伴回答错误的情况下受到压力，或者他们对自己的看法和正确性的信念是否会超过其他小组成员的回答所带来的社会压力。) ”可知，Asch是要通过实验来看一下参与者面对压力的反应，即本段主要讲的是实验的目的。故选C。
【10题详解】
短语猜测题。根据第六段的“Asch fund that ne-third f real participants gave the same wrng answers as the cnfederates at least half the time. Frty percent gave sme wrng answers (Asch发现，三分之一的真实参与者至少有一半的时间给出了与同伙相同的错误答案。40%的人给出了一些错误的答案)”可知，这是在描述受到压力影响的人给出的答案，再由nly一词可知，接下来谈的应该是不顾压力影响的人给出的答案，因此，划线短语意为“无视，不顾”。故选A。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“thers admitted that they knew that they had the crrect answer, but cnfrmed t the incrrect answer because they didn’t want t break frm the majrity (一些人承认他们知道自己有正确的答案，但因为不想与大多数人决裂而遵从了错误的答案。)”可知，真正的参与者给出了错误的答案是因为他们未能抵制群体的影响。故选C。
D
Yu’re asleep n a Saturday mrning when the sund f an alarm clck erupts frm yur device. Yu turn ver t see the wrd SNOOZE prjected in the air abve yur device. Yu reach ut and tuch the virtual buttn with yur finger—a slight feeling n yur fingertip—befre falling back t sleep.
Researchers frm the University f Tsukuba in Japan are wrking n a technlgy that culd make this pssible. Led by assciate prfessr Yichi Ochiai, the team creates shapes in the air using a laser(激光) that releases shrt pulses(脉冲) f light. The high-intensity light can break dwn air mlecules(分子), which prduces shrt-lived spts f light. The system plishes images by rapidly adjusting the central pint f the laser in three dimensins.
A previus versin f the technlgy used nan-secnd laser pulses, which have the unfrtunate side effect f burning human skin. Ochiai’s system, named Fairy Lights, emplys much shrter laser pulses that are much less dangerus despite having a high peak intensity, Ochiai says. The tiny hearts, stars and fairies that the system prjects are nt nly safe t tuch, but they are sensitive t cntact. In ne test, the system prjects a checkbx that can be filled in with yur finger. “It feels like sandpaper r a mild electric shck,” Ochiai says.
Ochiai als predicts large-scale emergency mnitrs that culd be prjected high ver a city t warn residents abut a natural disaster r direct them tward an escape rute. While the initial images were nt large, Ochiai says the flexibility f the system depends n the size and pwer f the equipment used. Large systems are currently expensive, he says, adding that technlgies that draw images will likely becme mre achievable ver the next 10 t 20 years as the multi-millin-dllar price decreases.
12. What is the authr’s purpse f writing paragraph 1?
A. T describe a scene f sleep-in.B. T prmte a high-tech alarm clck.
C. T explain the functin f a prject.D. T intrduce the use f a new technlgy.
13. What can we infer frm paragraph 2?
A. Images can be prjected in the air.B. Shapes can be released by pulses f light.
C. The system can be adjusted in three dimensins.D. Air mlecules can be brken dwn in a shrt time.
14. What d we knw abut Fairy Lights?
A. It prjects images safe t tuch.B. It brings benefits t human skin.
C. It emplys nan-secnd laser pulses.D. It becmes sensitive t electric currents.
15. Accrding t paragraph 4, Ochiai might agree that ________.
A. The technlgy will be put in use in a decade r tw
B. The technlgy can accurately predict natural disasters
C. The system can infrm peple f a safer escape rute.
D. The mre flexible the system is, the larger the image will be
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。日本学者成功研制出可以利用激光在空中投射图像新技术，文章介绍了该技术的前景、原理和未来趋势。
【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第一段“Yu’re asleep n a Saturday mrning when the sund f an alarm clck erupts frm yur device. Yu turn ver t see the wrd SNOOZE prjected in the air abve yur device. Yu reach ut and tuch the virtual buttn with yur finger—a slight feeling n yur fingertip—befre falling back t sleep.(周六早上，当闹钟的声音从你的设备中爆发出来的时候，你正在睡觉。你转过身来，看到“瞌睡”这个词投射在你的设备上方的空气中。你伸出手，用手指触摸虚拟按钮——指尖有轻微的感觉——然后再次入睡。)”可知，本段描述了可以在空中点击虚拟按钮关闭闹钟的景象，结合第二段中“Researchers frm the University f Tsukuba in Japan are wrking n a technlgy that culd make this pssible.(来自日本筑波大学的研究人员正在研究一种技术，可以使这一切成为可能。)”和下文可知，文章接下来介绍了这样的景象是可能的，并详细介绍了该技术，由此可推知，第一段是为了介绍新技术的使用，故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Led by assciate prfessr Yichi Ochiai, the team creates shapes in the air using a laser(激光) that releases shrt pulses(脉冲) f light.(由副教授Yichi Ochiai领导的研究小组利用激光在空气中产生形状，激光释放短脉冲的光。)”可知，在空中创造图像是使用可以释放短脉冲光的激光实现的，并且该段第一句“Researchers frm the University f Tsukuba in Japan are wrking n a technlgy that culd make this pssible.(来自日本筑波大学的研究人员正在研究一种技术，可以使这一切成为可能。)”也表明了新技术可以让点击虚拟按钮的景象成为现实，由此可推知，该项技术是可以在空中投射图片，故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中“The tiny hearts, stars and fairies that the system prjects are nt nly safe t tuch, but they are sensitive t cntact.(这些小小的爱心、星星和仙女不仅可以安全地触摸，而且接触也很灵敏。)”可知，由Fairy Lights投射出来的小爱心、星星等图片是可以安全触碰的，故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据第四段中“Ochiai als predicts large-scale emergency mnitrs that culd be prjected high ver a city t warn residents abut a natural disaster r direct them tward an escape rute.(Ochiai也预言，大规模的应急监测器可以被投射到一个城市的上空，以警告居民有关自然灾害或指导他们走向逃生路线。)”可知，Ochiai预言，大型的危急情况可以投放在城市上空来提醒居民自然灾害发生或为他们指明逃生道路，由此可推知，Ochiai或许认为这个系统可以告知人们更安全的逃生路线。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have yu cnsidered hw t chse yur majr in university, which is f great significance fr yur future career? Here is sme practical advice.
Initially, dn’t chse a majr merely based n mney, therwise mistakes will happen. ____16____ Can yu see yurself investing the next 40 years in this career withut getting bred? Actually chsing a majr with high-paying career wn’t guarantee yu a high-paying jb. It depends n psitin penings and yur cmpetitrs when yu graduate.
____17____ Yu want t pick smething that interests yu, but yu need t be sure yu wn’t get sick f it as time prgresses. ____18____ A hbby is a pursuit utside ne’s regular ccupatin fr relaxatin while passin cmfrts yu and drives yu crazy at the same time. It isn’t relaxing. It inserts itself int yur life. When yu chse t study yur hbby and build yur life arund it, it can lse its appeal and wn’t be relaxing.
Thirdly, never chse a majr by feeling instead f research. Being interested in a majr isn’t enugh. Researching the field will ensure yu t chse a right majr. If yu knw smene in the field, ask them fr sme infrmatin. Besides, cnsider the entire jurney yu’ll pursue—the cursewrk, the majr demands, the schl time yu’ll need, and the available jb prspects. ____19____
Lastly, dn’t always depend n yur parents. ____20____ Hwever, the chice is ultimately yurs. If anyne wants t help yu in chsing a majr and yu cmpletely agree with their pinins, then g with it. But if yu want yur future t g in any ther directin, speak up. The nly way t get the best utcme is t shape yur wn future.
A. Next, a hbby is never meant t be yur pririty.
B. The pinins f yur family aren’t smething t ignre.
C. Besides, keep a balance between hbbies and relaxatin.
D. Typically, peple will cnfuse their hbbies with their passins.
E. Yu shuld als cnsider yur passins, dislikes, and happiness.
F. Remember cllege is an investment f bth yur time and mney.
G. If yu’re passinate abut a majr after research, fllw yur heart.
【答案】16. E 17. A 18. D 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要针对如何选择对未来职业有用的大学专业提出了一些实用的建议。
【16题详解】
前文“Initially, dn’t chse a majr merely based n mney, therwise mistakes will happen.(一开始，不要仅仅基于金钱来选择专业，否则会出错。)”讲述了不要仅仅根据金钱来选择专业，空处应讲述应该考虑的其他因素，E项“你还应该考虑你的激情、厌恶和幸福。”符合题意。故选E。
【17题详解】
空处是本段的主旨句。根据后文的“Yu want t pick smething that interests yu, but yu need t be sure yu wn’t get sick f it as time prgresses.(你想挑选一些你感兴趣的东西，但你需要确保随着时间的推移，你不会厌倦它。)”和“When yu chse t study yur hbby and build yur life arund it, it can lse its appeal and wn’t be relaxing.(当你选择研究你的爱好并围绕它建立你的生活时，它可能会失去吸引力，也不会令人放松。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是选择专业的时候不要首先考虑自己的爱好，A项“其次，爱好从来都不是你的首要任务。”符合题意。故选A。
【18题详解】
后文“A hbby is a pursuit utside ne’s regular ccupatin fr relaxatin while passin cmfrts yu and drives yu crazy at the same time.(爱好是一种在日常工作之外的放松追求，而激情既能安慰你，又能让你发疯。)”讲述了爱好和激情之间的区别，所以空处应讲述的是二者容易被混为一谈，D项“通常，人们会将自己的爱好与激情混为一谈。”符合题意。故选D。
【19题详解】
根据本段主旨句“Thirdly, never chse a majr by feeling instead f research.(第三，千万不要凭感觉而非研究来选择专业。)”可知，本段主要建议在选专业之前要进行研究，G项“如果你在研究之后对某个专业充满热情，那就用心去做吧。”符合题意。故选G。
【20题详解】
前文“Lastly, dn’t always depend n yur parents.(最后，不要总是依赖你的父母。)”讲述了不要总是依赖父母的意见，后文“Hwever, the chice is ultimately yurs.(然而，最终选择权在你。)”讲述了最终做决定的是你自己，由此可知，空处应是说家人的意见不容忽视，B项“你的家人的意见不容忽视。”符合题意。故选B。
第二部分 知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
Having repeatedly heard “gd manners”, d yu really understand what the basic elements f gd manners are? Certainly, a strng sense f justice is ne — (frm this angle) pliteness is ften ____21____ but a highly develped sense f fair play. A friend f mine nce tld me f him ____22____ alng a ne-lane dirt rad. ____23____ was anther car that prduced cluds f chking ____24____, and it was a lng way t the nearest highway. Suddenly, at a ____25____ place, the car in frnt pulled ff the rad. ____26____ that its wner might have engine truble, my friend stpped and asked if anything was wrng. “N”, said the ther driver, “but yu’ve tlerated my dust this far; I’ll ____27____ yurs the rest f the way.”
Anther element f pliteness is empathy, a (an) ____28____ that enables a persn t see int the mind r heart f smene else, t ____29____ the pain r suffering there and t d smething t minimize it. A man _____30_____ alne in a restaurant was trying t unscrew (拧开) the cap f a beer bttle. _____31_____, he culdn’t d it because f badly injured _____32_____. He turned t a yung kid fr help. The kid tk the bttle, _____33_____ and lsened the cap withut difficulty. Then he _____34_____ it again. Turning back t the man, he _____35_____ t make great effrts t pen the bttle withut success._____36_____ he tk it int the kitchen and returned shrtly, saying that he had _____37_____ t lsen it — but nly with a pair f pliers (钳子).
Last but nt least, the ability t treat all peple _____38_____ is als an element f pliteness, regardless f status r imprtance. _____39_____ when yu have dubts abut sme peple, act as if they are wrthy f yur best manners. Are yu astnished t find ut the basic factrs f “_____40_____”?
21.
A. anythingB. nthingC. smethingD. everything
22.
A. drivingB. runningC. ridingD. walking
23.
A. AheadB. BefreC. BehindD. After
24.
A. ashB. smkeC. steamD. dust
25.
A. cleanerB. flatterC. widerD. straighter
26.
A. CnsumingB. FindingC. GuessingD. Cnfirming
27.
A. d away withB. put up withC. catch up withD. g n with
28.
A. qualityB. persnalityC. behavirD. technique
29.
A. reduceB. acceptC. remveD. understand
30.
A. diningB. beggingC. wrkingD. perfrming
31.
A. OtherwiseB. HweverC. TherefreD. Meanwhile
32.
A. legsB. heartC. muthD. fingers
33.
A. sat dwnB. tk a lkC. turned arundD. thught twice
34.
A. watchedB. checkedC. cveredD. tightened
35.
A. seemedB. pretendedC. prmisedD. happened
36.
A. LuckilyB. HappilyC. FinallyD. Sadly
37.
A. triedB. failedC. meantD. managed
38.
A. nicelyB. alikeC. warmlyD. happily
39.
A. EverB. SpeciallyC. EspeciallyD. Even
40.
A. plitenessB. mannerC. elementsD. empathy
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章论述了礼貌的基本要素都有哪些，作者列举了几个要素，比如公平对待自己和他人、具备同理心以及对所有人一视同仁等。
【21题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：当然，强烈的正义感是其中之——（从这个角度看）礼貌通常只不过是高度发展的公平竞争意识。A. anything任何事；B. nthing没事；C. smething某事；D. everything所有事。根据下文“but”可知，横线处的词需要和but能形成一个固定搭配，nthing but的意思是“就是”，符合语境，故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的一个朋友曾经告诉我，他在一条单车道的土路上开车。A. driving开车；B. running跑步；C. riding骑车；D. walking步行。根据下文“was anther car”可知，能在一条单车道上行驶的，一定是正在开车，故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：前面是另一辆车，扬起呛人的尘土，离最近的高速公路还有很长一段路。A. Ahead在前方；B. Befre在……前；C. Behind在……后：D. After随后。根据第5小题“the car in frnt pulled ff the rad”可知，这辆车是开在了作者朋友的前面，需要注意befre指的是时间的先后顺序，并不是物理空间上的前后，故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：前面是另一辆车，扬起呛人的尘土，离最近的高速公路还有很长一段路。A. ash灰烬；B. smke烟；C. steam蒸汽；D. dust尘土。根据第7小题“yu’ve tlerated my dust this far”可知，作者的朋友一直在忍受这辆车扬起的尘土，故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然，在一个较宽的地方，前车驶离了马路。A. cleaner更干净的；B. flatter更扁平的；C. wider更宽的；D. straighter更直的。根据下文“the car in frnt pulled ff the rad”可知，前面这辆车停下了，如果道路很窄，它是不能停下的，说明在这里道路变宽了，故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友猜想它的主人可能是发动机出了问题，于是停下来问它是不是出了什么问题。A. Cnsuming消耗；B. Finding找到；C. Guessing猜测；D. Cnfirming确认。根据下文“asked if anything was wrng”可知，作者朋友下车询问是不是需要帮助，说明作者朋友看到前车停下后心生疑惑，猜测是不是发生引擎故障了，故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：但你容忍我的灰尘到现在为止，我会忍受你剩下的路。A. d away with处理掉；B. put up with忍受；C. catch up with追上；D. g n with继续。根据上文“yu’ve tlerated my dust this far”可知，作者朋友一直在忍受前车的尘土，司机认为现在轮到自己来忍受别人的尘土，故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：礼貌的另一个要素是同理心，这种品质使一个人能够看到别人的思想或心灵，理解那里的痛苦或苦难，并采取行动将其最小化。A. quality品质；B. persnality人性；C. behavir行为；D. technique技巧。根据上文“Anther element f pliteness is empathy”可知，同理心也是礼貌的要素，这是一种品质，注意B选项的“人性”是个很大的概念，同理心只是人性中很小的组成部分而已，故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：礼貌的另一个要素是同理心，这种品质使一个人能够看到别人的思想或心灵，理解那里的痛苦或苦难，并采取行动将其最小化。A. reduce减少；B. accept接受；C. remve移除；D. understand理解。根据下文“t d smething t minimize it”可知，面对别人的痛苦，我们要做些什么来减少痛苦，那么首先就要理解他人的痛苦，故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个独自在餐馆吃饭的人正试图拧开啤酒瓶的瓶盖。A. dining进餐；B. begging祈求；C. wrking工作；D. perfrming表现。根据下文“in a restaurant”可知，这个人在餐厅里的动作应该就是吃饭，也就是进餐，故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他不能这样做，因为严重受伤的手指。A. Otherwise要不然；B. Hwever无论如何，然而；C. Therefre所以；D. Meanwhile同时。根据下文“he culdn’t d it”可知，他想打开瓶盖，但是却打不开，这个句子和上个句子是转折关系，故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他不能这样做，因为严重受伤的手指。A. legs腿；B. heart心脏；C. muth嘴；D. fingers手指。根据上文“unscrew (拧开) the cap f a beer bttle”和“he culdn’t d it”可知，这位先生无法拧开瓶盖，说明他的手指头受伤了，故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：小孩拿过瓶子，转过身，毫不费力地拧开了瓶盖。A. sat dwn坐下；B. tk a lk看一眼；C. turned arund离开；D. thught twice三思。根据下文“Turning back t the man”可知，这个小朋友后来重新转回来面向他，说明小朋友开始把身体转过去了，故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后又把瓶盖拧紧了。A. watched观看；B. checked检查；C. cvered覆盖；D. tightened拧紧。根据下文“make great effrts t pen the bttle”可知，小朋友后来假装使劲拧开瓶盖，说明他又把瓶盖给拧紧了，故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他转过身来对着那个人，假装使了很大的力气也没有打开瓶子。A. seemed好像；B. pretended假装；C. prmised承诺；D. happened发生。根据上文“lsened the cap withut difficulty”可知，小朋友其实已经轻松地把瓶盖拧开了，但是为了保护这位先生的颜面，他又给瓶盖拧紧了，所以现在他是在假装重新拧开瓶盖，故选B项。
【36题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，他把它拿到厨房去，很快就回来了，说他已经把它弄松了。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Happily开心地；C. Finally最终；D. Sadly悲伤地。根据下文“he tk it int the kitchen and returned shrtly”可知，这个小朋友做完了一切后，最后去了厨房，假装用钳子打开了，故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他把它拿到厨房去，很快就回来了，说他已经把它弄松了。A. tried尝试；B. failed失败；C. meant意味着；D. managed设法做。根据下文“but nly with a pair f pliers”可知，这个小朋友声称他用钳子把瓶盖打开了，说明他已经成功打开了瓶盖，故选D项。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，但很重要的是，能够一视同仁地对待所有人也是礼貌的一个要素，无论地位高低，重要性如何。A. nicely好地；B. alike相似地；C. warmly温暖地；D. happily开心地。根据下文“regardless f status r imprtance”可知，每个人的身份地位都不一样，这里表达的意思是礼貌的要素之一就是能够无视这些差异，能相同地对待所有人，故选B项。
【39题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：尤其是当你对某些人心存疑虑时，要表现得好像他们值得你以最好的态度对待。A. Ever曾经；B. Specially特别地；C. Especially尤其地；D. Even甚至。根据下文“when yu have dubts abut sme peple”可知，作者这句话是对上句话的进一步解释，当我们对有些人心存疑虑时，也能够对他们一视同仁，这是一种特殊情况，其它选项不符合语境，故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你发现“礼貌”的基本要素时，你是否感到惊讶？A. pliteness礼貌；B. manner礼仪；C. elements元素；D. empathy同理心。根据上文“an element f pliteness”可知，本文讨论的是礼貌的各种基本组成要素，basic factrs是“基本要素”的意思，等同于element，所以横线处填的意思应该就是礼貌，故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Amng China’s varius frms f silk prducts, yunjin,____41____ unique variety, has been attractive fr thusands f years. The rigin f yunjin can be traced t the late Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420), when general Liu Yu defeated the Later Qin kingdm and ____42____ (bring) the kingdm’s craftsmen frm Chang’an t the then capital Nanjing.
The influence f the craft n Nanjing is evident. In China’s literary classic Dream f the Red Chamber, ____43____ (write) by Nanjing-brn nvelist Ca Xueqin, yunjin garments are ____44____ (frequent) mentined. Besides, many places in the city are named ____45____ silk manufacturing prcesses, such as Rngzhuang Street and Jinxiu Wrkshp.
After the ____46____(establish) f the Peple’s Republic f China in 1949, the cuntry cntinued t place special emphasis n ____47____(preserve) and passing dwn the weaving technique, funding the Nanjing Yunjin Research Institute in 1957.
Earlier this century,____48____(display) the brcade (织锦), the institute set up the Nanjing Yunjin Museum,____49____ is the nly prfessinal museum in China, including its histry, weaving technique, culture, and cntemprary artwrks.
And nw, with the supprt f technlgy and research cnducted by the institute, yunjin craftsmanship and teaching are increasingly efficient and _____50_____(effect). In 2009, the craftsmanship f Nanjing yunjin was included n UNESCO’s Representative List f the Intangible Cultural Heritage f Humanity.
【答案】41. a 42. brught
43. written
44. frequently
45. after 46. establishment
47. preserving
48. t display
49. which 50. effective
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我国传统丝绸工艺云锦的历史和特点，并且讲述了国家为了保护这种古老的传统工艺所做的各种努力。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在中国各种形式的丝绸产品中，云锦是一个独特的品种，几千年来一直吸引着人们。横线后的variety是可数名词，意思是“品类”，应该添加冠词。根据句意分析，本句是泛指概念，且unique的发音是辅音音素开头，故答案是a。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句意：云锦的起源可以追溯到东晋晚期（317-420），当时将军刘禹打败了后秦，把长安的工匠们带到了当时的首都南京。分析句子可知，bring在句子和defeated共同担当谓语，根据时间状语317-420年可知，句子属于一般过去时，故答案是brught。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：南京出生的小说家曹雪芹所著的中国文学名著《红楼梦》中，云锦服装被频繁提及。分析句子可知，本句已经存在谓语are mentined，所以write在句子里需要充当非谓语动词，它的逻辑主语是“云锦衣”，二者呈被动关系，应该使用过去分词形式，故答案是written。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：南京出生的小说家曹雪芹所著的中国文学名著《红楼梦》中，云锦服装被频繁提及。frequent是个形容词，意思是“频繁的”，横线在句子中修饰动词“are mentined”，所以需要使用副词形式，故答案是frequently。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：此外，城市的许多地方都是以丝绸制造工艺命名的，如荣庄街和锦绣坊。分析句意可知，这里句子想表达的是“以丝绸制作工艺命名”的意思，“以……命名”的英文是be named after，故答案是after。
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：1949年中华人民共和国成立后，国家继续特别重视织造技术的保存和传承，1957年成立了南京云锦研究所。空处作宾语，应填名词；establish是个动词，意思是“建立”，名词是在后面添加词缀-ment，抽象概念，不可数。故答案是establishment。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1949年中华人民共和国成立后，国家继续特别重视织造技术的保存和传承，1957年成立了南京云锦研究所。横线前有介词n，介词后面接动词需要使用动名词和passing并列作宾语，故答案是preserving。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了展示织锦，研究所成立了南京云锦博物馆，这是中国唯一的专业博物馆，包括它的历史、织造技术、文化和当代艺术品。分析句子可知，本句已经存在谓语set up，所以display需要充当非谓语动词，根据句意，可以发现研究所成立博物馆的目的就是为了展示织锦，所以需要填入t d做目的状语，故答案是t display。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：为了展示织锦，研究所成立了南京云锦博物馆，这是中国唯一的专业博物馆，包括它的历史、织造技术、文化和当代艺术品。这个句子是非限定性定语从句，先行词是“Nanjing Yunjin Museum”，先行词是物品，并且在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故答案是which。
【50题详解】
考查形容词。句意：而现在，在学院的技术和研究的支持下，云锦工艺和教学越来越高效和有效。根据横线前的“efficient and”可知，横线需要和efficient表示并列关系，efficient是形容词，意思是“高效的”，所以横线处也需要填入形容词，二者同时在句子里充当表语。effect是名词，意思是“影响”，其形容词是effective，意思是“有效的”，故答案是effective。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I live in a typically Chinese family f fur generatins lived tgether under the same rf. Everyne has funs with each ther here. Every night, we have dinner tgether, talking r laughing arund the dinner table s that all the wrries f the day can be swept away. At weekends, Dad usually takes Grandpa, which likes utdr activities a lt, t the cuntryside. Mm and Grandma ften ck delicius fd fr urselves. When the weather is fine, I always push my 99-year-ld great grandmther in wheelchair t sunbathe in the yard. My family is such harmnius that I have been grwn up int a persn with lve and respnsibility. I will definitely teach what I had already learned t my future children.
【答案】1. typically → typical
2. lived → living
3. funs → fun
4. r → and
5. which → wh
6. urselves → us
7. in 后加 a
8. such → s
9. 删除 been
10. had → have
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了作者四代同堂大家庭的状况，一家人其乐融融，令人羡慕。
【详解】1. 考查形容词。句意：我生活在一个典型的四世同堂的中国家庭里。Chinese family是个名词词组，意思是“中国家庭”，所以应该使用形容词typical来修饰这个名词词组，故将typically改为typical。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我生活在一个典型的四世同堂的中国家庭里。本句已经存在谓语live in，所以live应为非谓语动词，它的逻辑主语是fur generatins，二者之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词living，故将lived改为living。
3. 考查名词。句意：这里每个人都很开心。fun是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故将funs改为fun。
4. 考查连词。句意：每天晚上，我们一起吃晚饭，围着餐桌有说有笑，让一天的烦恼一扫而空。“吃晚饭”和“一起说笑”是并列关系，并不是选择关系，而且本句是肯定句，故将r改为and。
5. 考查定语从句。句意：爷爷非常喜欢户外活动，周末的时候，爸爸通常会带他去乡下。“which likes utdr activities a lt”是非限定性定语从句，先行词是grandpa，先行词指人，从句用关系代词wh引导，在从句中作主语。故将which改为wh。
6. 考查人称代词。句意：妈妈和奶奶经常给我们做好吃的。urselves是反身代词，意思是“我们自己”，本句表示妈妈和奶奶给我们做饭，不需要使用反身代词，应该使用we的宾格形式，故将urselves改为us。
7. 考查冠词。句意：天气晴朗的时候，我总是用轮椅推着99岁的曾祖母到院子里晒日光浴。wheelchair是可数名词，意思是“轮椅”，可数名词单数应该添加冠词，分析句意可知，本句并不特指哪一把轮椅，是泛指概念，故在in后加a。
8. 考查副词。句意：我的家庭很和谐，让我成长为一个有爱心、有责任心的人。harmnius是形容词，意思是“和谐的”，需要使用s来修饰形容词，构成“s+ 从句”表示“如此……以至于……”，故将such改为s。
9. 考查时态和语态。句意：我的家庭很和谐，让我成长为一个有爱心、有责任心的人。that从句中主语I与动词grw up之间为主动关系，该从句为现在完成时，谓语动词为have grwn up，故将been删除。
10. 考查现在完成时。句意：未来我一定会把我已经学到的东西教给我的孩子。分析句子可知，主句为一般将来时，宾语从句“what I had already learned”是指“我已经学会的东西”，是基于现在时间来说，所以应使用现在完成时态，故将had改为have。
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Jean来信了解中国青少年的上网喜好。请你予以回复，并以自己为例，谈谈你最喜欢的网站或APP及理由。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Pssible versins:
Dear Jean,
Glad t knw that yu are interested in what Chinese teenagers like t d nline, I am writing t tell yu mre abut it.
As smart phnes have been widely used, many teenagers prefer surfing nline with their phnes. Shpping nline and chatting with friends via Wechat r QQ are becming increasingly ppular. As fr me, I like an Alipay app called the Ant Frest, which encurages users t adpt lw-carbn activities. I have a great sense f achievement when I turn the energy frm lw-carbn life int real trees thrugh it. Are yu using this app?
What abut yur favrite applicatin? Lking frward t hearing frm yu sn
Yurs
Li Hua
Dear Jean,
Nice t hear frm yu! I quite agree with yu. The Internet des make ur life mre clrful, where mst f us teenagers chat with friends, play games r watch varius vides.
As t me, I prefer reading e-bks with sme reading apps such as WeChat reading because it’s s cnvenient t read bks nline. With a mbile phne at hand, I can d my reading everywhere instead f carrying paper bks. Besides, I can even listen t them as thse apps are ften equipped with audi sftware. Isn’t it fantastic?
Well, what d yu usually d n the Internet?
Yurs ,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。谈谈你最喜欢的网站或APP及理由。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词汇，词组）
Be interested in；nline；prefer ding；chat with；increasingly；as fr；adpt；a sense f achievement；；applicatin；hear frm；
第三步：连词成句
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些主从复合句，如Glad t knw that yu are interested in what Chinese teenagers like t d nline, I am writing t tell yu mre abut it.使用了形容词做伴随状语和that引导宾语从句；As smart phnes have been widely used, many teenagers prefer surfing nline with their phnes. 使用了as引导定语从句；As fr me, I like an Alipay app called the Ant Frest, which encurages users t adpt lw-carbn activities.使用了which引导定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、座位号涂写在答题卡上。
2.选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
3.考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑
A
If yu think abut Wrld Heritage Sites, yu prbably think f places cnnected with ancient art and culture, histrical buildings and mnuments. And f curse, many f these are n the Wrld Heritage List (WHL) (世界遗产名录). But the WHL cntains a lt f sites that are nt s bvius. Let’s lk at a few f them.
Rbben Island in Suth Africa
This island was used thrugh the centuries a s a prisn, a hspital and a military base. But it’s prbably mst famus as a maximum-security prisn fr plitical prisners in the twentieth century. Nelsn Mandela was ne f its mst famus residents. The WHL says it represents “the victry f demcracy (民主) and freedm ver ppressin (压迫) and racism (种族主义).”
Brders f France and Spain
This is an area f great natural beauty and the muntains have many interesting gelgical frmatins. But it is als an area f small farm. Peple there still use a type f agriculture that used t be cmmn in muntainus areas f Eurpe but that has almst cmplete disappeared in mdern times.
The city f Brasilia, Brazil
Brasilia is a capital city that was created frm nthing in 1956. The WHL calls it “a landmark in the histry f twn planning”. The different areas f the city and the buildings themselves were all designed at the same time carefully. Every part f the city shws the ideas f the planner and architect.
Simien Natinal Park, Ethipia
Simien Natinal Park was ne f the first sites t be listed in 1978. It is ne f the highest muntainus areas in Africa, and the WHL calls it “ne f the mst spectacular landscapes in the wrld”. It is als imprtant fr its wildlife. The ppulatin f sme rare animals is getting smaller and smaller.
1. Which f the fllwing sites was listed n the WHL fr its plitical symbl?
A. Simien Natinal Park, Ethipia.B. Rbben Island in Suth Africa.
C. Brders f France and Spain.D. The city f Brasilia, Brazil.
2. Which f the fllwing sites is famus fr the wnderful plan f buildings?
A. Rbben Island in Suth Africa.B. Brders f France and Spain.
C. The city f Brasilia, Brazil.D. Simien Natinal Park, Ethipia.
3. The passage mainly talks abut ________.
A. the remains f ancient cultures n the WHL
B. the husehld heritage sites n the WHL
C. imprtant places f art and culture
D. sme f the less well-knwn sites n the WHL
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四处世界遗产名录上不太出名的地点，以及这些地点的特点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Rbben Island in Suth Africa部分下的“But it’s prbably mst famus as a maximum-security prisn fr plitical prisners in the twentieth century. Nelsn Mandela was ne f its mst famus residents.(但它可能是20世纪最著名的政治犯最高安全级别的监狱)”可知，南非罗本岛是因为政治象征被列入世界遗产名录。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据The city f Brasilia, Brazil下的“The WHL calls it‘a landmark in the histry f twn planning’(世界遗产记录称它是‘城市规划历史上的一个里程碑’)”以及“Every part f the city shws the ideas f the planner and architect.(城市的每一个部分都体现了规划者和建筑师的梦想)”可推知，巴西的巴西利亚市是因为卓越的城市规划而被列入世界遗产名录。故选C项。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“But the WHL cntains a lt f sites that are nt s bvius. Let’s lk at a few f them.(但世界遗产记录上有一些不太出名的地方，让我们来看看它们其中的一些)”结合下文对四处世界遗产的介绍可知，本文主要给读者介绍几处在世界遗产名录上不太出名的地点。故选D项。
B
Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial slutin t tw f her cuntry’s prblems: garbage and pverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Prject. The 26-year-ld student and envirnmentalist frm Detrit is asking a favr f lcal snack lvers: Rather than thrw yur empty chip bags int the trash, dnate them s she can turn them int sleeping bags fr the hmeless.
Chip waters drp ff their empty bags frm Drits. Lays. and ther favrites at tw lcatins in Detrit:a print shp and a clthing stre. where Oleita and her vlunteer helpers cllect them. After they clean the chip bags in sapy ht water, they slice them pen, lay them flat, and irn them tgether. They use padding (衬垫) and liners (衬里) frm ld cats t line the insides.
It takes abut fur hurs t sew a sleeping bag and each takes arund 150 t 300 chip bags depending n whether they’re single-serve r family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterprf lightweight and easy t carry arund”. Oleita tld the Detrit News.
Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Prject has cllected mre than 800,000 chip bags and, as f last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it wuld be simpler t raise the mney t buy new sleeping bags. But that’s nly half the gal fr Oleita — whse family mved t the United States frm Nigeria a decade ag with the hpe f attaining a better life —and her fellw vlunteers. “We are devted t making an impact nt nly scially, but envirnmentally,”she says.
And, f curse, there’s the symblism f rescuing bags that wuld therwise land in the trash and using them t help the hmeless. It’s a pwerful reminder that envirnmental prblem and pverty ften g hand in hand. As Oleita tld hurdetrit.cm, “I think it’s time t shw cnnectins between all f these issues.”
4. What did Oleita ask the snack lvers t d with their empty chip bags?
A. T turn them int sleeping bags.B. T give them away t her.
C. T thrw them int the trash.D. T dnate them t the hmeless directly.
5 What d we knw abut the sleeping bag made by Chip Bag Prject?
A. Its size is adjustable.B. It is nly made f ld cats.
C. It has the functin f heatingD. It is prtable.
6 What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. The aim f the prject is mre than scial issues.
B. Pverty results frm envirnmental prblems.
C. Oleita’s prject made 110 sleeping bags per mnth.
D. Oleita started the prject mainly t raise mney.
7. Which wrds can best describe Oleita?
A. Hardwrking and lyal.B. Talented and scial.
C. Respnsible and creative.D. Selfless and mdest.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Eradajere Oleita建立了the Chip Bag Prject，回收空薯片袋子，将其制成睡袋，送给无家可归的人，她的努力取得了一定的效果，部分缓解了垃圾和贫穷问题。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The 26-year-ld student and envirnmentalist frm Detrit is asking a favr f lcal snack lvers: Rather than thrw yur empty chip bags int the trash, dnate them s she can turn them int sleeping bags fr the hmeless. (这位来自底特律的26岁学生和环保主义者请求当地小吃爱好者的帮助：与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐出来，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋)”可知，Oleita让零食爱好者把空薯片袋捐赠给她。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterprf lightweight and easy t carry arund”. (其结果是一个“防水、轻便、便于携带”的睡袋)”可知，这种睡袋是便于携带的。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Prject has cllected mre than 800,000 chip bags and, as f last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it wuld be simpler t raise the mney t buy new sleeping bags. But that’s nly half the gal fr Oleita — whse family mved t the United States frm Nigeria a decade ag with the hpe f attaining a better life —and her fellw vlunteers. “We are devted t making an impact nt nly scially, but envirnmentally,” she says. (自2020年启动以来，薯片袋项目已经收集了80多万个薯片袋，截至去年12月，已经制作了110个睡袋。当然，筹钱买新睡袋会更简单。但对Oleita和她的志愿者同伴们来说，这只是他们目标的一半。Oleita一家十年前从尼日利亚搬到美国，希望过上更好的生活。她说：“我们致力于不仅在社会上产生影响，而且致力于在环境上产生影响。”)”可知，Oleita希望the Chip Bag Prject不仅在社会上，而且在环境上产生影响，因此，该项目的目的不仅仅是解决社会问题。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial slutin t tw f her cuntry’s prblems: garbage and pverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Prject. The 26-year-ld student and envirnmentalist frm Detrit is asking a favr f lcal snack lvers: Rather than thrw yur empty chip bags int the trash, dnate them s she can turn them int sleeping bags fr the hmeless. (Eradajere Oleita认为，她或许能部分解决该国的两个问题：垃圾和贫困。它被称为薯片袋计划。这位来自底特律的26岁学生和环保主义者请求当地小吃爱好者的帮助：与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐出来，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋)”可知，Oleita希望能部分解决国家垃圾和贫困的问题，并且想到把空薯片袋变成无家可归者的睡袋，可推测她是有责任心且有创造力的。故选C项。
C
The Asch Cnfrmity Experiments, cnducted by psychlgist Slmn Asch in the 1950s, demnstrated the pwer f cnfrmity. (从众) in grups and shwed that even simple bjective facts cannt resist the pressure f grup influence.
In the experiments, grups f university students were asked t participate in a perceptin test. In reality, all but ne f the participants were “cnfederates”, cperatrs with the experimenter wh nly pretended t be participants. The study was abut hw the remaining student wuld react t the behavir f the ther “participants”.
The participants f the experiment were presented with a card with a simple vertical (垂直) black line n it. Then, they were given a secnd card with three lines f varying length labeled A. B, and C. One line n the secnd card was the same length as that n the first, and the ther tw lines were bviusly lnger and shrter.
Participants were asked t state ut lud in frnt f each ther which line, A, B, r C, matched the length f the line n the first card. In each experimental case, the cnfederates answered first, and the real participant was seated s that he wuld answer last. In sme cases, the cnfederates answered crrectly, while in thers, they answered incrrectly.
Asch intended t see if the real participant wuld be pressured t answer incrrectly in the instances when the cnfederates did s, r whether their belief in their wn perceptin and crrectness wuld utweigh the scial pressure prvided by the respnses f the ther grup members.
Asch fund that ne-third f real participants gave the same wrng answers as the cnfederates at least half the time. Frty percent gave sme wrng answers, and nly ne-furth gave crrect answers in defiance f the pressure t cnfrm t the wrng answers prvided by the grup.
In interviews fllwing the trials, Asch fund that fr thse wh answered incrrectly, in cnfrmance with the grup, sme believed that the answers given by the cnfederates were crrect, sme thught that they were suffering a lapse(失误) in perceptin when they riginally had the answer different frm the grup, and thers admitted that they knew that they had the crrect answer, but cnfrmed t the incrrect answer because they didn’t want t break frm the majrity.
8 What are the participants asked t d in the experiment?
A. Label the cards with different letters.B. Pick ut tw lines f the same length.
C. State the reasn fr matching the cards.D. Identify the lngest vertical black line.
9. What’s paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. The result f the experiment.B. The design f the experiment.
C. The purpse f the experiment.D. The prcedure f the experiment.
10. What des the underlined part “in defiance f” in paragraph 6 mean?
A. In spite f.B. Fr fear f.C. In respnse t.D. On accunt f.
11. Why did the real participants give a wrng answer?
A. They misunderstd the questin.B. They believed their wn judgment.
C. They failed t resist grup influence.D. They wanted t be different frm thers.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了心理学家索洛蒙·阿什的实验揭示了从众行为的力量，有些参与者选择错误答案是出于遵循大多数人的心理，而放弃了自己正确的判断。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“Participants were asked t state ut lud in frnt f each ther which line, A, B, r C, matched the length f the line n the first card. (参与者被要求在对方面前大声说出A, B或C中的哪条线与第一张卡片上的线的长度相匹配。)”可知，参与者被要求在实验中找出两条长度相同的线。故选B。
【9题详解】
段落大意题。根据第五段的“Asch intended t see if the real participant wuld be pressured t answer incrrectly in the instances when the cnfederates did s, r whether their belief in their wn perceptin and crrectness wuld utweigh the scial pressure prvided by the respnses f the ther grup members. (Asch想看看真正的参与者是否会在同伴回答错误的情况下受到压力，或者他们对自己的看法和正确性的信念是否会超过其他小组成员的回答所带来的社会压力。) ”可知，Asch是要通过实验来看一下参与者面对压力的反应，即本段主要讲的是实验的目的。故选C。
【10题详解】
短语猜测题。根据第六段的“Asch fund that ne-third f real participants gave the same wrng answers as the cnfederates at least half the time. Frty percent gave sme wrng answers (Asch发现，三分之一的真实参与者至少有一半的时间给出了与同伙相同的错误答案。40%的人给出了一些错误的答案)”可知，这是在描述受到压力影响的人给出的答案，再由nly一词可知，接下来谈的应该是不顾压力影响的人给出的答案，因此，划线短语意为“无视，不顾”。故选A。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“thers admitted that they knew that they had the crrect answer, but cnfrmed t the incrrect answer because they didn’t want t break frm the majrity (一些人承认他们知道自己有正确的答案，但因为不想与大多数人决裂而遵从了错误的答案。)”可知，真正的参与者给出了错误的答案是因为他们未能抵制群体的影响。故选C。
D
Yu’re asleep n a Saturday mrning when the sund f an alarm clck erupts frm yur device. Yu turn ver t see the wrd SNOOZE prjected in the air abve yur device. Yu reach ut and tuch the virtual buttn with yur finger—a slight feeling n yur fingertip—befre falling back t sleep.
Researchers frm the University f Tsukuba in Japan are wrking n a technlgy that culd make this pssible. Led by assciate prfessr Yichi Ochiai, the team creates shapes in the air using a laser(激光) that releases shrt pulses(脉冲) f light. The high-intensity light can break dwn air mlecules(分子), which prduces shrt-lived spts f light. The system plishes images by rapidly adjusting the central pint f the laser in three dimensins.
A previus versin f the technlgy used nan-secnd laser pulses, which have the unfrtunate side effect f burning human skin. Ochiai’s system, named Fairy Lights, emplys much shrter laser pulses that are much less dangerus despite having a high peak intensity, Ochiai says. The tiny hearts, stars and fairies that the system prjects are nt nly safe t tuch, but they are sensitive t cntact. In ne test, the system prjects a checkbx that can be filled in with yur finger. “It feels like sandpaper r a mild electric shck,” Ochiai says.
Ochiai als predicts large-scale emergency mnitrs that culd be prjected high ver a city t warn residents abut a natural disaster r direct them tward an escape rute. While the initial images were nt large, Ochiai says the flexibility f the system depends n the size and pwer f the equipment used. Large systems are currently expensive, he says, adding that technlgies that draw images will likely becme mre achievable ver the next 10 t 20 years as the multi-millin-dllar price decreases.
12. What is the authr’s purpse f writing paragraph 1?
A. T describe a scene f sleep-in.B. T prmte a high-tech alarm clck.
C. T explain the functin f a prject.D. T intrduce the use f a new technlgy.
13. What can we infer frm paragraph 2?
A. Images can be prjected in the air.B. Shapes can be released by pulses f light.
C. The system can be adjusted in three dimensins.D. Air mlecules can be brken dwn in a shrt time.
14. What d we knw abut Fairy Lights?
A. It prjects images safe t tuch.B. It brings benefits t human skin.
C. It emplys nan-secnd laser pulses.D. It becmes sensitive t electric currents.
15. Accrding t paragraph 4, Ochiai might agree that ________.
A. The technlgy will be put in use in a decade r tw
B. The technlgy can accurately predict natural disasters
C. The system can infrm peple f a safer escape rute.
D. The mre flexible the system is, the larger the image will be
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。日本学者成功研制出可以利用激光在空中投射图像新技术，文章介绍了该技术的前景、原理和未来趋势。
【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第一段“Yu’re asleep n a Saturday mrning when the sund f an alarm clck erupts frm yur device. Yu turn ver t see the wrd SNOOZE prjected in the air abve yur device. Yu reach ut and tuch the virtual buttn with yur finger—a slight feeling n yur fingertip—befre falling back t sleep.(周六早上，当闹钟的声音从你的设备中爆发出来的时候，你正在睡觉。你转过身来，看到“瞌睡”这个词投射在你的设备上方的空气中。你伸出手，用手指触摸虚拟按钮——指尖有轻微的感觉——然后再次入睡。)”可知，本段描述了可以在空中点击虚拟按钮关闭闹钟的景象，结合第二段中“Researchers frm the University f Tsukuba in Japan are wrking n a technlgy that culd make this pssible.(来自日本筑波大学的研究人员正在研究一种技术，可以使这一切成为可能。)”和下文可知，文章接下来介绍了这样的景象是可能的，并详细介绍了该技术，由此可推知，第一段是为了介绍新技术的使用，故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Led by assciate prfessr Yichi Ochiai, the team creates shapes in the air using a laser(激光) that releases shrt pulses(脉冲) f light.(由副教授Yichi Ochiai领导的研究小组利用激光在空气中产生形状，激光释放短脉冲的光。)”可知，在空中创造图像是使用可以释放短脉冲光的激光实现的，并且该段第一句“Researchers frm the University f Tsukuba in Japan are wrking n a technlgy that culd make this pssible.(来自日本筑波大学的研究人员正在研究一种技术，可以使这一切成为可能。)”也表明了新技术可以让点击虚拟按钮的景象成为现实，由此可推知，该项技术是可以在空中投射图片，故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中“The tiny hearts, stars and fairies that the system prjects are nt nly safe t tuch, but they are sensitive t cntact.(这些小小的爱心、星星和仙女不仅可以安全地触摸，而且接触也很灵敏。)”可知，由Fairy Lights投射出来的小爱心、星星等图片是可以安全触碰的，故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据第四段中“Ochiai als predicts large-scale emergency mnitrs that culd be prjected high ver a city t warn residents abut a natural disaster r direct them tward an escape rute.(Ochiai也预言，大规模的应急监测器可以被投射到一个城市的上空，以警告居民有关自然灾害或指导他们走向逃生路线。)”可知，Ochiai预言，大型的危急情况可以投放在城市上空来提醒居民自然灾害发生或为他们指明逃生道路，由此可推知，Ochiai或许认为这个系统可以告知人们更安全的逃生路线。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have yu cnsidered hw t chse yur majr in university, which is f great significance fr yur future career? Here is sme practical advice.
Initially, dn’t chse a majr merely based n mney, therwise mistakes will happen. ____16____ Can yu see yurself investing the next 40 years in this career withut getting bred? Actually chsing a majr with high-paying career wn’t guarantee yu a high-paying jb. It depends n psitin penings and yur cmpetitrs when yu graduate.
____17____ Yu want t pick smething that interests yu, but yu need t be sure yu wn’t get sick f it as time prgresses. ____18____ A hbby is a pursuit utside ne’s regular ccupatin fr relaxatin while passin cmfrts yu and drives yu crazy at the same time. It isn’t relaxing. It inserts itself int yur life. When yu chse t study yur hbby and build yur life arund it, it can lse its appeal and wn’t be relaxing.
Thirdly, never chse a majr by feeling instead f research. Being interested in a majr isn’t enugh. Researching the field will ensure yu t chse a right majr. If yu knw smene in the field, ask them fr sme infrmatin. Besides, cnsider the entire jurney yu’ll pursue—the cursewrk, the majr demands, the schl time yu’ll need, and the available jb prspects. ____19____
Lastly, dn’t always depend n yur parents. ____20____ Hwever, the chice is ultimately yurs. If anyne wants t help yu in chsing a majr and yu cmpletely agree with their pinins, then g with it. But if yu want yur future t g in any ther directin, speak up. The nly way t get the best utcme is t shape yur wn future.
A. Next, a hbby is never meant t be yur pririty.
B. The pinins f yur family aren’t smething t ignre.
C. Besides, keep a balance between hbbies and relaxatin.
D. Typically, peple will cnfuse their hbbies with their passins.
E. Yu shuld als cnsider yur passins, dislikes, and happiness.
F. Remember cllege is an investment f bth yur time and mney.
G. If yu’re passinate abut a majr after research, fllw yur heart.
【答案】16. E 17. A 18. D 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要针对如何选择对未来职业有用的大学专业提出了一些实用的建议。
【16题详解】
前文“Initially, dn’t chse a majr merely based n mney, therwise mistakes will happen.(一开始，不要仅仅基于金钱来选择专业，否则会出错。)”讲述了不要仅仅根据金钱来选择专业，空处应讲述应该考虑的其他因素，E项“你还应该考虑你的激情、厌恶和幸福。”符合题意。故选E。
【17题详解】
空处是本段的主旨句。根据后文的“Yu want t pick smething that interests yu, but yu need t be sure yu wn’t get sick f it as time prgresses.(你想挑选一些你感兴趣的东西，但你需要确保随着时间的推移，你不会厌倦它。)”和“When yu chse t study yur hbby and build yur life arund it, it can lse its appeal and wn’t be relaxing.(当你选择研究你的爱好并围绕它建立你的生活时，它可能会失去吸引力，也不会令人放松。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是选择专业的时候不要首先考虑自己的爱好，A项“其次，爱好从来都不是你的首要任务。”符合题意。故选A。
【18题详解】
后文“A hbby is a pursuit utside ne’s regular ccupatin fr relaxatin while passin cmfrts yu and drives yu crazy at the same time.(爱好是一种在日常工作之外的放松追求，而激情既能安慰你，又能让你发疯。)”讲述了爱好和激情之间的区别，所以空处应讲述的是二者容易被混为一谈，D项“通常，人们会将自己的爱好与激情混为一谈。”符合题意。故选D。
【19题详解】
根据本段主旨句“Thirdly, never chse a majr by feeling instead f research.(第三，千万不要凭感觉而非研究来选择专业。)”可知，本段主要建议在选专业之前要进行研究，G项“如果你在研究之后对某个专业充满热情，那就用心去做吧。”符合题意。故选G。
【20题详解】
前文“Lastly, dn’t always depend n yur parents.(最后，不要总是依赖你的父母。)”讲述了不要总是依赖父母的意见，后文“Hwever, the chice is ultimately yurs.(然而，最终选择权在你。)”讲述了最终做决定的是你自己，由此可知，空处应是说家人的意见不容忽视，B项“你的家人的意见不容忽视。”符合题意。故选B。
第二部分 知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
Having repeatedly heard “gd manners”, d yu really understand what the basic elements f gd manners are? Certainly, a strng sense f justice is ne — (frm this angle) pliteness is ften ____21____ but a highly develped sense f fair play. A friend f mine nce tld me f him ____22____ alng a ne-lane dirt rad. ____23____ was anther car that prduced cluds f chking ____24____, and it was a lng way t the nearest highway. Suddenly, at a ____25____ place, the car in frnt pulled ff the rad. ____26____ that its wner might have engine truble, my friend stpped and asked if anything was wrng. “N”, said the ther driver, “but yu’ve tlerated my dust this far; I’ll ____27____ yurs the rest f the way.”
Anther element f pliteness is empathy, a (an) ____28____ that enables a persn t see int the mind r heart f smene else, t ____29____ the pain r suffering there and t d smething t minimize it. A man _____30_____ alne in a restaurant was trying t unscrew (拧开) the cap f a beer bttle. _____31_____, he culdn’t d it because f badly injured _____32_____. He turned t a yung kid fr help. The kid tk the bttle, _____33_____ and lsened the cap withut difficulty. Then he _____34_____ it again. Turning back t the man, he _____35_____ t make great effrts t pen the bttle withut success._____36_____ he tk it int the kitchen and returned shrtly, saying that he had _____37_____ t lsen it — but nly with a pair f pliers (钳子).
Last but nt least, the ability t treat all peple _____38_____ is als an element f pliteness, regardless f status r imprtance. _____39_____ when yu have dubts abut sme peple, act as if they are wrthy f yur best manners. Are yu astnished t find ut the basic factrs f “_____40_____”?
21.
A. anythingB. nthingC. smethingD. everything
22.
A. drivingB. runningC. ridingD. walking
23.
A. AheadB. BefreC. BehindD. After
24.
A. ashB. smkeC. steamD. dust
25.
A. cleanerB. flatterC. widerD. straighter
26.
A. CnsumingB. FindingC. GuessingD. Cnfirming
27.
A. d away withB. put up withC. catch up withD. g n with
28.
A. qualityB. persnalityC. behavirD. technique
29.
A. reduceB. acceptC. remveD. understand
30.
A. diningB. beggingC. wrkingD. perfrming
31.
A. OtherwiseB. HweverC. TherefreD. Meanwhile
32.
A. legsB. heartC. muthD. fingers
33.
A. sat dwnB. tk a lkC. turned arundD. thught twice
34.
A. watchedB. checkedC. cveredD. tightened
35.
A. seemedB. pretendedC. prmisedD. happened
36.
A. LuckilyB. HappilyC. FinallyD. Sadly
37.
A. triedB. failedC. meantD. managed
38.
A. nicelyB. alikeC. warmlyD. happily
39.
A. EverB. SpeciallyC. EspeciallyD. Even
40.
A. plitenessB. mannerC. elementsD. empathy
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章论述了礼貌的基本要素都有哪些，作者列举了几个要素，比如公平对待自己和他人、具备同理心以及对所有人一视同仁等。
【21题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：当然，强烈的正义感是其中之——（从这个角度看）礼貌通常只不过是高度发展的公平竞争意识。A. anything任何事；B. nthing没事；C. smething某事；D. everything所有事。根据下文“but”可知，横线处的词需要和but能形成一个固定搭配，nthing but的意思是“就是”，符合语境，故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的一个朋友曾经告诉我，他在一条单车道的土路上开车。A. driving开车；B. running跑步；C. riding骑车；D. walking步行。根据下文“was anther car”可知，能在一条单车道上行驶的，一定是正在开车，故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：前面是另一辆车，扬起呛人的尘土，离最近的高速公路还有很长一段路。A. Ahead在前方；B. Befre在……前；C. Behind在……后：D. After随后。根据第5小题“the car in frnt pulled ff the rad”可知，这辆车是开在了作者朋友的前面，需要注意befre指的是时间的先后顺序，并不是物理空间上的前后，故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：前面是另一辆车，扬起呛人的尘土，离最近的高速公路还有很长一段路。A. ash灰烬；B. smke烟；C. steam蒸汽；D. dust尘土。根据第7小题“yu’ve tlerated my dust this far”可知，作者的朋友一直在忍受这辆车扬起的尘土，故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然，在一个较宽的地方，前车驶离了马路。A. cleaner更干净的；B. flatter更扁平的；C. wider更宽的；D. straighter更直的。根据下文“the car in frnt pulled ff the rad”可知，前面这辆车停下了，如果道路很窄，它是不能停下的，说明在这里道路变宽了，故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友猜想它的主人可能是发动机出了问题，于是停下来问它是不是出了什么问题。A. Cnsuming消耗；B. Finding找到；C. Guessing猜测；D. Cnfirming确认。根据下文“asked if anything was wrng”可知，作者朋友下车询问是不是需要帮助，说明作者朋友看到前车停下后心生疑惑，猜测是不是发生引擎故障了，故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：但你容忍我的灰尘到现在为止，我会忍受你剩下的路。A. d away with处理掉；B. put up with忍受；C. catch up with追上；D. g n with继续。根据上文“yu’ve tlerated my dust this far”可知，作者朋友一直在忍受前车的尘土，司机认为现在轮到自己来忍受别人的尘土，故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：礼貌的另一个要素是同理心，这种品质使一个人能够看到别人的思想或心灵，理解那里的痛苦或苦难，并采取行动将其最小化。A. quality品质；B. persnality人性；C. behavir行为；D. technique技巧。根据上文“Anther element f pliteness is empathy”可知，同理心也是礼貌的要素，这是一种品质，注意B选项的“人性”是个很大的概念，同理心只是人性中很小的组成部分而已，故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：礼貌的另一个要素是同理心，这种品质使一个人能够看到别人的思想或心灵，理解那里的痛苦或苦难，并采取行动将其最小化。A. reduce减少；B. accept接受；C. remve移除；D. understand理解。根据下文“t d smething t minimize it”可知，面对别人的痛苦，我们要做些什么来减少痛苦，那么首先就要理解他人的痛苦，故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个独自在餐馆吃饭的人正试图拧开啤酒瓶的瓶盖。A. dining进餐；B. begging祈求；C. wrking工作；D. perfrming表现。根据下文“in a restaurant”可知，这个人在餐厅里的动作应该就是吃饭，也就是进餐，故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他不能这样做，因为严重受伤的手指。A. Otherwise要不然；B. Hwever无论如何，然而；C. Therefre所以；D. Meanwhile同时。根据下文“he culdn’t d it”可知，他想打开瓶盖，但是却打不开，这个句子和上个句子是转折关系，故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他不能这样做，因为严重受伤的手指。A. legs腿；B. heart心脏；C. muth嘴；D. fingers手指。根据上文“unscrew (拧开) the cap f a beer bttle”和“he culdn’t d it”可知，这位先生无法拧开瓶盖，说明他的手指头受伤了，故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：小孩拿过瓶子，转过身，毫不费力地拧开了瓶盖。A. sat dwn坐下；B. tk a lk看一眼；C. turned arund离开；D. thught twice三思。根据下文“Turning back t the man”可知，这个小朋友后来重新转回来面向他，说明小朋友开始把身体转过去了，故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后又把瓶盖拧紧了。A. watched观看；B. checked检查；C. cvered覆盖；D. tightened拧紧。根据下文“make great effrts t pen the bttle”可知，小朋友后来假装使劲拧开瓶盖，说明他又把瓶盖给拧紧了，故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他转过身来对着那个人，假装使了很大的力气也没有打开瓶子。A. seemed好像；B. pretended假装；C. prmised承诺；D. happened发生。根据上文“lsened the cap withut difficulty”可知，小朋友其实已经轻松地把瓶盖拧开了，但是为了保护这位先生的颜面，他又给瓶盖拧紧了，所以现在他是在假装重新拧开瓶盖，故选B项。
【36题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，他把它拿到厨房去，很快就回来了，说他已经把它弄松了。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Happily开心地；C. Finally最终；D. Sadly悲伤地。根据下文“he tk it int the kitchen and returned shrtly”可知，这个小朋友做完了一切后，最后去了厨房，假装用钳子打开了，故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他把它拿到厨房去，很快就回来了，说他已经把它弄松了。A. tried尝试；B. failed失败；C. meant意味着；D. managed设法做。根据下文“but nly with a pair f pliers”可知，这个小朋友声称他用钳子把瓶盖打开了，说明他已经成功打开了瓶盖，故选D项。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，但很重要的是，能够一视同仁地对待所有人也是礼貌的一个要素，无论地位高低，重要性如何。A. nicely好地；B. alike相似地；C. warmly温暖地；D. happily开心地。根据下文“regardless f status r imprtance”可知，每个人的身份地位都不一样，这里表达的意思是礼貌的要素之一就是能够无视这些差异，能相同地对待所有人，故选B项。
【39题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：尤其是当你对某些人心存疑虑时，要表现得好像他们值得你以最好的态度对待。A. Ever曾经；B. Specially特别地；C. Especially尤其地；D. Even甚至。根据下文“when yu have dubts abut sme peple”可知，作者这句话是对上句话的进一步解释，当我们对有些人心存疑虑时，也能够对他们一视同仁，这是一种特殊情况，其它选项不符合语境，故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你发现“礼貌”的基本要素时，你是否感到惊讶？A. pliteness礼貌；B. manner礼仪；C. elements元素；D. empathy同理心。根据上文“an element f pliteness”可知，本文讨论的是礼貌的各种基本组成要素，basic factrs是“基本要素”的意思，等同于element，所以横线处填的意思应该就是礼貌，故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Amng China’s varius frms f silk prducts, yunjin,____41____ unique variety, has been attractive fr thusands f years. The rigin f yunjin can be traced t the late Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420), when general Liu Yu defeated the Later Qin kingdm and ____42____ (bring) the kingdm’s craftsmen frm Chang’an t the then capital Nanjing.
The influence f the craft n Nanjing is evident. In China’s literary classic Dream f the Red Chamber, ____43____ (write) by Nanjing-brn nvelist Ca Xueqin, yunjin garments are ____44____ (frequent) mentined. Besides, many places in the city are named ____45____ silk manufacturing prcesses, such as Rngzhuang Street and Jinxiu Wrkshp.
After the ____46____(establish) f the Peple’s Republic f China in 1949, the cuntry cntinued t place special emphasis n ____47____(preserve) and passing dwn the weaving technique, funding the Nanjing Yunjin Research Institute in 1957.
Earlier this century,____48____(display) the brcade (织锦), the institute set up the Nanjing Yunjin Museum,____49____ is the nly prfessinal museum in China, including its histry, weaving technique, culture, and cntemprary artwrks.
And nw, with the supprt f technlgy and research cnducted by the institute, yunjin craftsmanship and teaching are increasingly efficient and _____50_____(effect). In 2009, the craftsmanship f Nanjing yunjin was included n UNESCO’s Representative List f the Intangible Cultural Heritage f Humanity.
【答案】41. a 42. brught
43. written
44. frequently
45. after 46. establishment
47. preserving
48. t display
49. which 50. effective
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我国传统丝绸工艺云锦的历史和特点，并且讲述了国家为了保护这种古老的传统工艺所做的各种努力。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在中国各种形式的丝绸产品中，云锦是一个独特的品种，几千年来一直吸引着人们。横线后的variety是可数名词，意思是“品类”，应该添加冠词。根据句意分析，本句是泛指概念，且unique的发音是辅音音素开头，故答案是a。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句意：云锦的起源可以追溯到东晋晚期（317-420），当时将军刘禹打败了后秦，把长安的工匠们带到了当时的首都南京。分析句子可知，bring在句子和defeated共同担当谓语，根据时间状语317-420年可知，句子属于一般过去时，故答案是brught。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：南京出生的小说家曹雪芹所著的中国文学名著《红楼梦》中，云锦服装被频繁提及。分析句子可知，本句已经存在谓语are mentined，所以write在句子里需要充当非谓语动词，它的逻辑主语是“云锦衣”，二者呈被动关系，应该使用过去分词形式，故答案是written。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：南京出生的小说家曹雪芹所著的中国文学名著《红楼梦》中，云锦服装被频繁提及。frequent是个形容词，意思是“频繁的”，横线在句子中修饰动词“are mentined”，所以需要使用副词形式，故答案是frequently。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：此外，城市的许多地方都是以丝绸制造工艺命名的，如荣庄街和锦绣坊。分析句意可知，这里句子想表达的是“以丝绸制作工艺命名”的意思，“以……命名”的英文是be named after，故答案是after。
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：1949年中华人民共和国成立后，国家继续特别重视织造技术的保存和传承，1957年成立了南京云锦研究所。空处作宾语，应填名词；establish是个动词，意思是“建立”，名词是在后面添加词缀-ment，抽象概念，不可数。故答案是establishment。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1949年中华人民共和国成立后，国家继续特别重视织造技术的保存和传承，1957年成立了南京云锦研究所。横线前有介词n，介词后面接动词需要使用动名词和passing并列作宾语，故答案是preserving。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了展示织锦，研究所成立了南京云锦博物馆，这是中国唯一的专业博物馆，包括它的历史、织造技术、文化和当代艺术品。分析句子可知，本句已经存在谓语set up，所以display需要充当非谓语动词，根据句意，可以发现研究所成立博物馆的目的就是为了展示织锦，所以需要填入t d做目的状语，故答案是t display。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：为了展示织锦，研究所成立了南京云锦博物馆，这是中国唯一的专业博物馆，包括它的历史、织造技术、文化和当代艺术品。这个句子是非限定性定语从句，先行词是“Nanjing Yunjin Museum”，先行词是物品，并且在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故答案是which。
【50题详解】
考查形容词。句意：而现在，在学院的技术和研究的支持下，云锦工艺和教学越来越高效和有效。根据横线前的“efficient and”可知，横线需要和efficient表示并列关系，efficient是形容词，意思是“高效的”，所以横线处也需要填入形容词，二者同时在句子里充当表语。effect是名词，意思是“影响”，其形容词是effective，意思是“有效的”，故答案是effective。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I live in a typically Chinese family f fur generatins lived tgether under the same rf. Everyne has funs with each ther here. Every night, we have dinner tgether, talking r laughing arund the dinner table s that all the wrries f the day can be swept away. At weekends, Dad usually takes Grandpa, which likes utdr activities a lt, t the cuntryside. Mm and Grandma ften ck delicius fd fr urselves. When the weather is fine, I always push my 99-year-ld great grandmther in wheelchair t sunbathe in the yard. My family is such harmnius that I have been grwn up int a persn with lve and respnsibility. I will definitely teach what I had already learned t my future children.
【答案】1. typically → typical
2. lived → living
3. funs → fun
4. r → and
5. which → wh
6. urselves → us
7. in 后加 a
8. such → s
9. 删除 been
10. had → have
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了作者四代同堂大家庭的状况，一家人其乐融融，令人羡慕。
【详解】1. 考查形容词。句意：我生活在一个典型的四世同堂的中国家庭里。Chinese family是个名词词组，意思是“中国家庭”，所以应该使用形容词typical来修饰这个名词词组，故将typically改为typical。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我生活在一个典型的四世同堂的中国家庭里。本句已经存在谓语live in，所以live应为非谓语动词，它的逻辑主语是fur generatins，二者之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词living，故将lived改为living。
3. 考查名词。句意：这里每个人都很开心。fun是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故将funs改为fun。
4. 考查连词。句意：每天晚上，我们一起吃晚饭，围着餐桌有说有笑，让一天的烦恼一扫而空。“吃晚饭”和“一起说笑”是并列关系，并不是选择关系，而且本句是肯定句，故将r改为and。
5. 考查定语从句。句意：爷爷非常喜欢户外活动，周末的时候，爸爸通常会带他去乡下。“which likes utdr activities a lt”是非限定性定语从句，先行词是grandpa，先行词指人，从句用关系代词wh引导，在从句中作主语。故将which改为wh。
6. 考查人称代词。句意：妈妈和奶奶经常给我们做好吃的。urselves是反身代词，意思是“我们自己”，本句表示妈妈和奶奶给我们做饭，不需要使用反身代词，应该使用we的宾格形式，故将urselves改为us。
7. 考查冠词。句意：天气晴朗的时候，我总是用轮椅推着99岁的曾祖母到院子里晒日光浴。wheelchair是可数名词，意思是“轮椅”，可数名词单数应该添加冠词，分析句意可知，本句并不特指哪一把轮椅，是泛指概念，故在in后加a。
8. 考查副词。句意：我的家庭很和谐，让我成长为一个有爱心、有责任心的人。harmnius是形容词，意思是“和谐的”，需要使用s来修饰形容词，构成“s+ 从句”表示“如此……以至于……”，故将such改为s。
9. 考查时态和语态。句意：我的家庭很和谐，让我成长为一个有爱心、有责任心的人。that从句中主语I与动词grw up之间为主动关系，该从句为现在完成时，谓语动词为have grwn up，故将been删除。
10. 考查现在完成时。句意：未来我一定会把我已经学到的东西教给我的孩子。分析句子可知，主句为一般将来时，宾语从句“what I had already learned”是指“我已经学会的东西”，是基于现在时间来说，所以应使用现在完成时态，故将had改为have。
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Jean来信了解中国青少年的上网喜好。请你予以回复，并以自己为例，谈谈你最喜欢的网站或APP及理由。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Pssible versins:
Dear Jean,
Glad t knw that yu are interested in what Chinese teenagers like t d nline, I am writing t tell yu mre abut it.
As smart phnes have been widely used, many teenagers prefer surfing nline with their phnes. Shpping nline and chatting with friends via Wechat r QQ are becming increasingly ppular. As fr me, I like an Alipay app called the Ant Frest, which encurages users t adpt lw-carbn activities. I have a great sense f achievement when I turn the energy frm lw-carbn life int real trees thrugh it. Are yu using this app?
What abut yur favrite applicatin? Lking frward t hearing frm yu sn
Yurs
Li Hua
Dear Jean,
Nice t hear frm yu! I quite agree with yu. The Internet des make ur life mre clrful, where mst f us teenagers chat with friends, play games r watch varius vides.
As t me, I prefer reading e-bks with sme reading apps such as WeChat reading because it’s s cnvenient t read bks nline. With a mbile phne at hand, I can d my reading everywhere instead f carrying paper bks. Besides, I can even listen t them as thse apps are ften equipped with audi sftware. Isn’t it fantastic?
Well, what d yu usually d n the Internet?
Yurs ,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。谈谈你最喜欢的网站或APP及理由。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词汇，词组）
Be interested in；nline；prefer ding；chat with；increasingly；as fr；adpt；a sense f achievement；；applicatin；hear frm；
第三步：连词成句
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些主从复合句，如Glad t knw that yu are interested in what Chinese teenagers like t d nline, I am writing t tell yu mre abut it.使用了形容词做伴随状语和that引导宾语从句；As smart phnes have been widely used, many teenagers prefer surfing nline with their phnes. 使用了as引导定语从句；As fr me, I like an Alipay app called the Ant Frest, which encurages users t adpt lw-carbn activities.使用了which引导定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
相关试卷
2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三下学期第一次质量数据监测（一模）英语含答案： 这是一份2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三下学期第一次质量数据监测（一模）英语含答案，共8页。试卷主要包含了考试时间等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三第一次质量数据监测（一模）英语试卷： 这是一份2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三第一次质量数据监测（一模）英语试卷，共7页。
2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三第一次质量数据监测（一模）英语试卷： 这是一份2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三第一次质量数据监测（一模）英语试卷，共8页。试卷主要包含了考试时间等内容，欢迎下载使用。
