哈尔滨市第三中学校高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷（附参考答案）

这是一份哈尔滨市第三中学校高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷（附参考答案），共15页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7，15，       B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
(时间：120分钟 满分150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给出的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. Where is the man frm?
A. Washingtn. B. Ls Angeles. C. New Yrk.
2. Where is the wman ging ?
A. The library. B. The mall. C. Her parents’ huse.
3. Hw des the man find playing vlleyball?
A. Bring. B. Difficult. C. Interesting.
4. Hw much is the red ne?
A. $25. B. $28. C. $53.
5. Wh is Cristina talking t?
A. Her teacher. B. Her neighbur. C. Her brther.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题
6. What is the party held fr?
A. Maria’s birthday. B. Maria’s prmtin. C. Maria’s retirement.
7. Where will the party take place?
A. The garden. B. The ffice. C. The cnference rm.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题
8. What des Jenny watch?
A. A ftball match. B. A cncert. C. TV.
9. What des Patrick think f the match?
A. Just s-s. B. Fantastic. C. Disappinting.
10. What will the speakers prbably d next?
A. G t a cllege. B. G t a stadium. C. Have a chat.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What’s seasn is it nw?
A. Summer. B. Winter. C. Fall.
12. What shuld they d if they want t travel t San Francisc in the right time?
A. They shuld g t Califrnia.
B. They shuld wait a few mnths.
C. They shuld wear warmer clthes.
13. What prbably the reasn why the wman want t drive t Napa tday?
A. Because she likes there.
B. Because it will take them less time t drive there.
C. Because she thinks the man can wear what he packed there.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What des the wman riginally want t buy fr Andersn?
A. A cmputer. B. A pair f glasses. C. A screen.
15. What des Andersn d in the whle mrning?
A. Playing cmputer games. B. Studying. C. Talking.
16. Hw many peple will g t buy a cmputer?
A. One. B. Tw. C. Three.
17. What will the wman d first?
A. Knck n the dr. B. Get changed. C. G t the mall.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What is the speaker’s attitude twards advertisements?
A. Apprving. B. Ambiguus. C. Indifferent.
19. Hw many reasns des the speaker give t supprt his pinin?
A. Three. B. Fur. C. Five.
20. What is the speaker’s first reasn?
A. Advertisements prvide mney fr the media.
B. Advertisements bring peple sme entertainment.
C. Advertisements prvide us with much useful infrmatin.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Every delicius steak yu have ever enjyed eating started with a gd cut f meat. Hwever, picking that perfect cut can be challenging — supermarkets are flded with ptins, and it is nt as straightfrward as simply chsing the ne with the highest price tag. Fllw this guide fr sme advice.
Tenderlin (US), Fillet (UK), Eye Fillet (AUS/NZ)
A classic cut, the tenderlin cmes frm the strip f muscle tucked against the backbne f the animal. As this muscle des nt d much wrk, this is the tenderest cut f beef — which als makes it the mst expensive, and arguably the mst desirable. We say “arguably” because, while the tenderlin is supremely lean and a favrite f thse wh lve their steak t melt in their muth, it can als be tasteless. Filet mignn, widely referred t as the creme de la creme (精华) f all steak cuts, is cut frm the very tip f the tenderlin.
Ribeye (US/ UK), Sctch fillet (AUS/NZ)
This cut, frm the rib sectin f the animal, cmes with an abundance f rich marbling. The ribeye wn’t give yu that same “melt-in-yur-muth” feeling, but it is still ne f the tenderest cuts available. Differently, the ribeye is cked with the bne in, while the Sctch fillet is nt.
Strip (US), Sirlin (UK), Prterhuse (AUS/NZ)
Cming frm the hindquarter f the animal, the strip is nt quite as tender as the tenderlin, r laded with quite as much flavr as the ribeye, but fr many steak lvers, it is just right. The best part is that because this all-runder has a bit mre chew and a bit less marbling than thse cuts, it tends t be less expensive.
T-bne
Can’t decide between the tenderlin and the strip? Why nt bth? The T-bne is cut with strip n ne side f a bne, and tenderlin n the ther. With tw very different textures (口感) and flavrs, the T-bne gets the best f bth wrlds, but it can als be mre difficult t ck. The meat clser t the bne is slwer t ck than the rest f the steak.
1．What makes the tenderlin the mst expensive part amng the steak?
A．Different textures.B．Much flavr.
C．Rich marbling.D．The tenderest cut.
2．What can we learn abut the steaks frm the passage?
A．It’s nt a piece f cake t pick a perfect cut.
B．All things cnsidered, Ribeye is the best.
C．A gd cut nly means the mst expensive ne.
D．It usually takes little time t ck T-bne.
3．Which f the fllwing is nt mentined in the article cncerning steak?
A．Price.B．Packaging.C．Cking methd.D．Flavr.
B
The Lst City, Atlantis is a magnificent and ancient city lying beneath the waves f the sea. Des this sund like a fairy tale t yu? Many peple have tried and failed t find it. Michael Hubner frm Germany thught he had. Let us learn mre abut this fascinating city.
The Greek philspher Plat, wh lived in the 4th century BC, mentined Atlantis in detail in his writings. He said that Atlantis was a city built n an island arund 9,000 years befre his time. Atlantis became a pwerful natin that planned t cnquer all ther cuntries. Hwever, it disappeared suddenly beneath the sea int the Atlantic Ocean because f earthquakes and flds. Plat gave 51 clues t its lcatin. He described the city having an island at the center and being surrunded by rings f water and land. He als said hw far the city was frm Athens in Greece.
Many explrers had tried and failed t find Atlantis under the sea. They had been lking under the sea because f what Plat wrte abut it. A German cmputer expert called Michael Hubner came up with the thery that Atlantis was nt at the bttm f the cean. He thught that Atlantis had been destryed by a tsunami wave. The strng frce f the wave wuld have caused the end f the nce great city.
Michael Hubner lked at all f Plat’s clues again. He used a cmputer prgram t enter all the infrmatin that Plat wrte abut. The cmputer prgram wuld check n a map f the wrld fr a place that matched all the clues. In this way Michael Hubner was able t find the place that Atlantis might have been. The cmputer prgram pinted t a place n the Mrccan cast in Africa, which was called the Suss-massa plain. Michael Hubner immediately barded a plane t lk fr himself. When he gt there, he was surprised t see many things that matched Plat’s descriptin. There was a small mund in the centre f the plain and circular dry riverbeds. It was als very clse t the distance that Plat had described.
We knw that a tsunami can ccur if there is an earthquake. The area f the Suss-Massa plain has had many earthquakes ver years. Michael Hubner’s thery that a massive tsunami had flattened the city is nt impssible. This wuld explain why it disappeared s suddenly.
Even thugh Michael Hubner believed that he had fund the site f Atlantis, many experts disagreed. Sme schlars have suggested that Plat might have been writing abut Crete and the neighburing island f Santrini, which was badly destryed by a vlcanic eruptin in 1600 BC．Others feel he made up the stry and based it n ld legends. Michael Hubner believed Plat. He used his time and energy t prve t himself that Atlantis existed and std prudly alng the Mrccan cast.
4．Which ne fits Plat’s descriptin f Atlantis?
A．Atlantis was struck by earthquakes and flds.
B．Atlantis was far away frm the city Athens in Greece.
C．Atlantis was a city built n an island abut 9,000 years BC．
D．Atlantis disappeared because it was cnquered by mre pwerful cuntries.
5．Why did Michael Hubner g t the Suss-massa plain?
A．T explre a tsunami wave.
B．T prve he is an cmputer expert.
C．T explre the pssible site f Atlantis.
D．T prve Atlantis was destryed by flds.
6．What is the authr’s attitude twards Michael Hubner’s thery?
A．Dubtful.B．Oppsed.C．Critical.D．Objective.
7．What can be learned frm the text?
A．The lst city prved t be merely a legend.
B．Michael Hubner was cmpletely against Plat’s idea.
C．Lts f experts still questined Michael Hubner’s thery.
D．Atlantis was severely affected by a vlcanic eruptin in 1600 BC．
C
Imagine wearing high-tech bdy armr (盔甲) that makes yu super strng and tireless. Such technlgy, mre specifically called an exskeletn, sunds like the preserve f the Irn Man series f superher mvies. Yet the equipment is increasingly being wrn in real life arund the wrld. And ne manufacturer — Califrnia’s SuitX — expects it t g mainstream. “There is n dubt in my mind that these devices will eventually be sld at hardware stres,” says SuitX’s funder Hmayn Kazerni.
In simple terms, an exskeletn is an external device that supprts, cvers and prtects its user, giving greater levels f strength and endurance. Smetimes als referred t as “wearable rbts”, they can be battery-pwered and cmputer-perated, incrprating mtrs and hydraulics. Or they can be mre simple, passive designs that use springs and dampeners.
“Integrating humans and machines int ne system pens up a new realm f pprtunity,” says Adrian Spragg, an expert n the technlgy at management cnsultancy Accenture. “Many f the early applicatins have been fcused n military and medical applicatins, but in the last several years there’s been an explsin f use in a range f cases.” This expansin, which has cme tgether with rapid advances in the technlgy, has seen exskeletns increasingly used by manufacturing wrkers. Versins fr cnsumers are als nw being develped t help peple mre easily d everything frm DIY, t walking, climbing stairs, and ther daily activities. One reprt says sales are nw due t rcket as a result. Glbal exskeletn revenues (收入) are expected t explde frm $392 millin in 2020 t $6.8 billin in 2030, accrding t a study by ABI Research.
SuitX’s “suits” are nw being tested by car manufacturers General Mtrs and Fiat. Prf Kazerni, wh is als the directr f the University f Califrnia’s Berkeley Rbtics and Human Engineering Labratry, says that the primary benefit f the firm’s exskeletns is t prevent muscle fatigue (疲劳).
“In general I see this develpment as very psitive fr ccupatinal health and safety,” Prf Sandra Wachter says. “Machines are suppsed t help us with dull, dangerus and dirty jbs. Prblems, hwever, arise if rbtics als duble as wrkplace mnitrs. Are these suits tracking yur mvements, hw fast yu mve, and hw ften yu take breaks? Des a system cmpare this data with thse f ther wrkers t scre r rank them? What happens if yu mve slwer than thers, r take breaks mre ften?”
8．Why was the Irn Man was mentined in Paragraph 1?
A．T inspire us t be strng and determined.
B．T remind us f the ppular film Irn Man.
C．T urge the readers t buy the newly designed prducts.
D．T illustrate the technlgy — exskeletn.
9．What d the underlined wrd “rcket” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Climb.B．Crash.C．Stabilize.D．Vary.
10．What d yu knw abut an exskeletn?
A．An exskeletn is capable f wrking by itself using slar energy.
B．In the future, all the peple will have t cunt n an exskeletn.
C．An exskeletn can be widely emplyed in ur daily life.
D．Prf Kazerni bjects t the ppularity f the exskeletn.
11．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Irn Man Appeals t the YungB．Exskeletns Change Our Future Life
C．Everyne Can Be a HerD．Exskeletns Replace Future Humans
D
Mzart was a genius, but he struggled like an average persn during early twenties. He had t wrk t make ends meet. Underpaid and unsatisfied by his average perfrmances, he felt a burning desire t devte mre time and energy t his art. S after a perid f dubt and thinking, that’s exactly what he did. He quit his jb and began what turned ut t be the mst creative perid f his life.
Even if yu never hpe t reach Mzart’s level f mastery, yu may relate t his need t break free frm cnventin. Maybe yu’ve dne everything right—std ut at schl, and gt a high-paying jb—but yu’re tired f being just like everyne else. Maybe yu lng t achieve smething that is bviusly yu.
What, then, is hlding yu back? Rich Karlgaard, the publisher f Frbes magazine and authr f Late Blmers, argues that ur culture’s bsessin with early achievement discurages us frm ging after what we lve. Instead f having varied interests, studying widely, and taking ur time—essentials fr self-discvery—we’re encuraged t pass tests, becme specialists right away, and pursue safe and secure careers. As a result, mst f us end up chsing prfessinal excellence ver persnal achievement, and ften we lse urselves in the prcess.
As yu mve frward, there are a few things t keep in mind. First, it’s never t late t becme yurself. Aristtle, fr example, didn’t fully devte himself t writing and philsphy until he was nearly 50. There are als benefits t taking a lng, winding path t achievement. Remember that age usually brings wisdm, self-knwledge, and creativity. This is ne reasn the average age f funders f high-grwth start-ups is 45.
If yu ever get stuck, think f Janne, a talented and creative wman wh bunced frm jb t jb thrughut her twenties. She felt like a ttal failure. But she tk that feeling f hpelessness and chse t d what she’d always wanted t d—write fantasy nvels fr children. As she wuld later recunt, ”I stpped pretending t myself that I was anything ther than what I was.“
Yu’ve prbably heard f her. Her pen name is J. K. Rwling.
Nw get t wrk.
12．What des the authr want t shw by telling Mzart’s stry in Paragraph 1?
A．Suffering makes a man wise.
B．Each f us has a special beauty.
C．It’s pretty tugh fr genius t seek a jb.
D．A man shuld be brave t pursue his dream.
13．In Rich Karlgaard’s pinin, what prevents peple frm ging after what they lve?
A．Desire fr early achievement.
B．T wide a range f interests.
C．A waste f time n self-discvery.
D．Studying deeply in different fields.
14．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．All the geniuses have been ttal failures.
B．Age is n bstacle t ging after dreams.
C．Every highly successful persn hasn’t been applied t wrking.
D．Hpelessness discuraged peple frm chasing after their dreams.
15．What’s the main purpse f the passage?
A．T emphasize the significance f shwing talents.
B．T analyze the reasns fr failure in previus jbs.
C．T share success stries f famus peple in different fields.
D．T encurage peple t becme themselves whatever the age.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Weighing yurself regularly is a wnderful way t stay aware f any significant weight changes. ____16____
As fr me, weighing myself every day caused me t shift my fcus frm being generally healthy and physically active, t fcusing nly n the scale. The riginal training prgram is beneficial fr me t develp muscle. ____17____ Hwever, thinking nly f lwering the number n the scale, I changed my training prgram.
I fund that weighing myself daily did nt prvide an accurate descriptin f the hard wrk and prgress I was making in the gym. It takes abut three weeks t a mnth t ntice significant changes in yur weight due t changing yur training prgram. The mst immediate changes will be bserved in skill level, strength and inches lst. ____18____ Instead, I switched t a bimnthly weighing schedule. Weighing every ther mnth allws me t bserve and accunt fr any significant weight changes. ____19____ I use my bimnthly weigh-in results t get infrmatin abut my nutritin as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m cnstantly hungry and drpping weight, this is a sign that I need t increase my daily calric intake.
____20____ I’m experiencing increased passin fr wrking ut since I n lnger carry the burden f a disappinting mrning weigh-in. I’ve als experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness gals, because I’m training accrding t thse gals, nt the numbers n a scale.
Rather than bsessing ver the scale, turn yur fcus t hw yu lk, feel, hw yur clthes fit and yur verall energy level.
A．That was bad t my verall fitness gals.
B．Muscles rely n mre than just activity t grw.
C．I had gained weight in the frm f muscle mass befre.
D．Fr these reasns, I stpped weighing myself every day.
E．That tells me whether I need t adjust my training prgram.
F．The decisin t stp weighing myself every day has dne a lt f wnders.
G．Hwever, when dne t ften, this habit can smetimes hurt mre than it helps.
第三部分 英语知识运用(共四节，满分30分)
第一节：完型填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Sammie Vance apprached her principal at Haley Elementary with the idea f installing “buddy benches” int her schl playgrund t help thers feel less lnely. The principal ____21____ f the idea. But wden benches are ____22____. Just ne wuld be wrth nearly a thusand dllars. Hwever, a bench made f ____23____ bttle caps wuld nly be arund $250. S Sammie ____24____ thers in her cmmunity t cllect enugh caps t make ne bench. ____25____, she managed t get bttle caps frm 50 states. And thus, the initiative f “Sammie’s Buddy Bench Prject” was ____26____.
Pretty sn, Sammie’s Buddy Bench Prject began cmmanding the ____27____ f several news media. Fr her amazing effrts, Sammie has been chsen the receiver f several ____28____ and was ____29____ ne f Peple magazine’s “Girls Changing the Wrld”. And _____30_____, mre than 200 bttle cap buddy benches have been arund at schls and parks acrss the cuntry, plus Mexic and Australia.
This is, f curse, nt just a beautiful stry abut helping thers. It’s als a majr win fr _____31_____. It is reprted that 1.3 billin bttle caps are used each year. These caps cannt be recycled in the same way alng with plastic bttles _____32_____ each has a different melting pint, and when they are _____33_____ in, it can ruin an entire batch (一批). And that’s when they get discarded. Millins f caps have been fund in ur _____34_____ alne, which can be devastating t marine life. In fact, it’s ne f the leading _____35_____ f death. It’s big caring hearts like Sammie’s that help ur planet heal against damage.
21．A．cmplainedB．allwedC．apprvedD．spke
22．A．cstlyB．heavyC．prductiveD．valueless
23．A．reviewedB．recreatedC．remvedD．recycled
24．A．kept track fB．reached ut tC．sang high praises frD．gt rid f
25．A．UnfrtunatelyB．AccrdinglyC．ApparentlyD．Eventually
26．A．brnB．prmtedC．btainedD．cmmented
27．A．attractinB．attentinC．acceptanceD．admissin
28．A．campaignsB．cntestsC．assembliesD．awards
29．A．nicknamedB．intrducedC．definedD．named
30．A．the ther dayB．t dateC．by thenD．until recently
31．A．sustainabilityB．changeabilityC．adaptabilityD．visibility
32．A．thughB．asC．ifD．when
33．A．cmbinedB．mixedC．invlvedD．fitted
34．A．fieldsB．wallsC．ceansD．rains
35．A．explanatinsB．questinsC．waysD．causes
第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Dragn-Head-Raising Festival falls n the secnd day f the secnd lunar mnth every year, ____36____ the dragn wakes up frm its winter hibernatin (冬眠) and after the day, rainfall increases.
Traditinally, the dragn is believed t be ____37____ charge f bringing rain, which is an imprtant factr in ancient agriculture sciety. Legend has ____38____ that ne year a drught ____39____ (strike) a village. Blue Dragn, having cmpassin fr peple, gave them sme rain withut permissin. T punish the Dragn, the Jade Emperr imprisned it in a muntain and said he wuld never release it ____40____ gld beans blmed. ____41____ clever villager fund that crn kernels (玉米粒) were glden like sy beans and mre imprtantly, they culd blm when ____42____ (rast). Then the man led all the villagers t wrship the Jade Emperr with blmed crn kernels. T keep his wrd, the Jade Emperr had t release the Dragn n the secnd day f the secnd Chinese lunar mnth. Since then, the Dragn-Head-Raising Festival ____43____ (celebrate) in varius ways in China t shw ____44____ (admire) fr the Dragn. The mst famus traditin is getting a haircut, _____45_____ (mean) getting rid f bad luck.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46．你校将于下个月举办中国经典诵读大赛 (Chinese Classics Reciting Cntest)，你受学生会委托写一则通知。内容包括：
1.活动时间地点；
2.参赛形式；
3.报名截止日期。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The familiar smell f garlic and nin filled the air as I pened my lunch bag t see what my mm had packed fr me. On any ther ccasin, I wuld have been delighted t eat my mm’s pan-fried tfu: a Chinese dish that I ften ate fr dinner. But nt tday，the day a nice girl had invited me, the new girl at schl, t sit with her friends during lunch.
“Charis, ver here！”My new friend was waving her arms, trying t get my attentin.
As I prepared t walk ver t the table, memries f elementary and middle schl lunch times resurfaced. I remembered my embarrassment as my friends wuld hld their nses when I brught hmemade Chinese fd. I remembered hw my embarrassment shifted t anger when I cmplained abut the smell t my mm.
I had argued with my mm that I wanted “nrmal” fd fr lunch. I remembered the lk n my mm’s face, a mix between disappintment and cnfusin. But I was determined and she gave in. S fr the remainder f middle schl, my mm packed drless(没有气味), nn-Chinese fd like ham and cheese sandwiches. Hwever, that day, she was in a rush and packed me leftvers frm dinner.
As sn as I gt t my new lunch table, I tried t hide my lunch bag dwn under my seat. I sat quietly, trying nt t be nticed when Katrina, a new acquaintance, asked where my fd was. “I’m nt really hungry,” I replied in an insecure vice. But Katrina had already seen me carry my lunch s she spke ut, “Then, I’ll eat it！” The ther girls laughed-apparently Katrina was knwn t be a big eater.
I didn’t want t be rude t a ptentially new friend, s I reluctantly dragged ut my lunch bag. The mment I lifted the cver f my lunch cntainer, I culd practically taste the garlic and nin.
The girls, piqued(激起好奇心)by the smell in the air, all curiusly lked at the val-shaped cntainer. I expected an “Ew” r a“What is that？”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I had expected them t turn away-and turn me away befre Katrina grabbed a small piece f tfu and enjyed it.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When I arrived hme, my mm asked hw my day went.
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1．D
2．A
3．B
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些选优质牛排的方法。
1．
细节理解题。根据Tenderlin(US), Fillet(UK), Eye Fillet(AUS/NZ)部分的“As this muscle des nt d much wrk, this is the tenderest cut f beef—which als makes it the mst expensive, and arguably the mst desirable. (由于这块肌肉不做太多的工作，所以它是牛肉中最嫩的部分，这也使得它最贵，也可以说是最令人满意的)”可知，tenderlin在牛排里面是最贵的部分是因为它是最嫩的牛肉块。故选D。
2．
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Hwever, picking that perfect cut can be challenging—supermarkets are flded with ptins, and it is nt as straightfrward as simply chsing the ne with the highest price tag.(然而，要挑出最完美的那块是很有挑战性的——超市里琳琅满目的选择，不像选择价格最高的那块那么简单)”可知，选择一个完美的牛肉块不是那么容易的。故选A。
3．
细节理解题。Strip(US), Sirlin(UK), Prterhuse(AUS/NZ)部分的“it tends t be less expensive(所以它往往更便宜)”提到了牛排的价格；Ribeye(US/ UK), Sctch fillet(AUS/NZ)部分的“Differently, the ribeye is cked with the bne in(不同的是，肋眼是带着骨头一起煮的)”提到了烹饪方法；Strip(US), Sirlin(UK), Prterhuse(AUS/NZ)部分的“Cming frm the hindquarter f the animal, the strip is nt quite as tender as the tenderlin, r laded with quite as much flavr as the ribeye, but fr many steak lvers, it is just right. (来自牛的后腿，这条肉不像里脊肉那么嫩，也不像肋眼肉那么有味道，但对许多牛排爱好者来说，它刚刚好)”和T-bne部分的“With tw very different textures (口感) and flavrs(有两种非常不同的纹理和口感)”提到风味。因此，选项中关于牛排没有提到的是包装。故选B。
4．A
5．C
6．D
7．C
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍迈克尔·哈布纳用自己的理论证明他找到了亚特兰蒂斯帝国，但一些专家对此表示怀疑。
4．
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Hwever, it disappeared suddenly beneath the sea int the Atlantic Ocean because f earthquakes and flds.(然而，由于地震和洪水，它突然消失在海底，沉入大西洋)”可知，根据Plat的描述亚特兰蒂斯曾经被地震和洪水袭击。故选A。
5．
细节理解题。根据第四段的“The cmputer prgram wuld check n a map f the wrld fr a place that matched all the clues. In this way Michael Hubner was able t find the place that Atlantis might have been. The cmputer prgram pinted t a place n the Mrccan cast in Africa, which was called the Suss-massa plain. Michael Hubner immediately barded a plane t lk fr himself.(计算机程序将在世界地图上查找与所有线索相匹配的地方。就这样，迈克尔·哈布纳找到了亚特兰蒂斯可能存在的地方。计算机程序指向了非洲摩洛哥海岸的一个地方，那里被称为苏斯-马萨平原。Michael Hubner立即登上飞机自己去寻找)”可知，迈克尔·哈布纳去苏斯-马萨平原是为了探索亚特兰蒂斯可能的所在的。故选C。
6．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“We knw that a tsunami can ccur if there is an earthquake. The area f the Suss-Massa plain has had many earthquakes ver years. Michael Hubner’s thery that a massive tsunami had flattened the city is nt impssible. This wuld explain why it disappeared s suddenly.(我们知道地震会引发海啸。苏斯-马萨平原地区多年来发生过多次地震。Michael Hubner认为大规模海啸夷平了这座城市的理论并非不可能。这就解释了为什么它消失得如此突然)”和最后一段“Even thugh Michael Hunber believed that he had fund the site f Atlantis, many experts disagreed. Sme schlars have suggested that Plat might have been writing abut Crete and the neighburing island f Santrini, which was badly destryed by a vlcanic eruptin in 1600 BC. Others feel he made up the stry and based it n ld legends.(尽管迈克尔·哈布纳相信他已经找到了亚特兰蒂斯的遗址，但许多专家并不同意。一些学者认为柏拉图可能写的是克里特岛和邻近的圣托里尼岛，圣托里尼岛在公元前1600年的一次火山爆发中被严重摧毁。其他人则认为这个故事是他根据古老的传说编造出来的)”可知，作者认为大规模海啸将亚特兰蒂斯夷为平地这种理论是有可能的，并且陈述了一些专家对他的理论的质疑。由此推知，作者对迈克尔·哈布纳的理论持客观态度。故选D。
7．
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Even thugh Michael Hubner believed that he had fund the site f Atlantis, many experts disagreed. Sme schlars have suggested that Plat might have been writing abut Crete and the neighburing island f Santrini, which was badly destryed by a vlcanic eruptin in 1600 BC. Others feel he made up the stry and based it n ld legends.(尽管迈克尔·哈布纳相信他已经找到了亚特兰蒂斯的遗址，但许多专家并不同意。一些学者认为柏拉图可能写的是克里特岛和邻近的圣托里尼岛，圣托里尼岛在公元前1600年的一次火山爆发中被严重摧毁。其他人则认为这个故事是他根据古老的传说编造出来的)”可知，许多专家仍然质疑迈克尔·哈布纳的理论。故选C。
8．D
9．A
10．C
11．B
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了什么是外骨骼技术，以及它在日常生活中更广泛的应用将给人们带来的便利。
8．
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Such technlgy, mre specifically called an exskeletn, sunds like the preserve f the Irn Man series f superher mvies. Yet the equipment is increasingly being wrn in real life arund the wrld. (这种技术，更具体地说是外骨骼，听起来像是钢铁侠系列超级英雄电影的专利。然而，世界各地越来越多的人在现实生活中佩戴这种设备)”和第二段的“In simple terms, an exskeletn is an external device that supprts, cvers and prtects its user, giving greater levels f strength and endurance. Smetimes als referred t as “wearable rbts”, they can be battery-pwered and cmputer-perated, incrprating mtrs and hydraulics.(简单来说，外骨骼是一种支持、覆盖和保护其使用者的外部设备，可以提供更高水平的力量和耐力。有时也被称为‘可穿戴机器人’，它们可以由电池供电，由计算机操作，结合电机和液压系统)”推知，第一段提到钢铁侠是为了形象地说明外骨骼这门技术。故选D。
9．
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Glbal exskeletn revenues (收入) are expected t explde frm $392 millin in 2020 t $6.8 billin in 2030, accrding t a study by ABI Research.(根据ABI Research的一项研究，全球外骨骼收入预计将从2020年的3.92亿美元激增至2030年的68亿美元)”可知，据估计外骨骼的销售会直线上升。由此可知，目前销售额在增加，因此猜测rcket意为“增加”，与climb同义。故选A。
10．
细节理解题。根据第三段的“This expansin, which has cme tgether with rapid advances in the technlgy, has seen exskeletns increasingly used by manufacturing wrkers. Versins fr cnsumers are als nw being develped t help peple mre easily d everything frm DIY, t walking, climbing stairs, and ther daily activities. (这种扩张伴随着技术的快速进步，外骨骼越来越多地被制造业工人使用。针对消费者的版本也正在开发中，帮助人们更轻松地完成从DIY到步行、爬楼梯和其他日常活动的所有事情)”可知，外骨骼可以被广泛地应用于我们的日常生活中。故选C。
11．
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Imagine wearing high-tech bdy armr (盔甲) that makes yu super strng and tireless. Such technlgy, mre specifically called an exskeletn, sunds like the preserve f the Irn Man series f superher mvies. Yet the equipment is increasingly being wrn in real life arund the wrld.(想象一下，穿上高科技防弹衣，让你变得超级强壮和不知疲倦。这种技术，更具体地说是外骨骼，听起来像是钢铁侠系列超级英雄电影的专利。然而，世界各地越来越多的人在现实生活中佩戴这种设备)”和第三段的“This expansin, which has cme tgether with rapid advances in the technlgy, has seen exskeletns increasingly used by manufacturing wrkers. Versins fr cnsumers are als nw being develped t help peple mre easily d everything frm DIY, t walking, climbing stairs, and ther daily activities. (这种扩张伴随着技术的快速进步，外骨骼越来越多地被制造业工人使用。针对消费者的版本也正在开发中，帮助人们更轻松地完成从DIY到步行、爬楼梯和其他日常活动的所有事情)”可知，本文主要介绍了什么是外骨骼技术，以及它在日常生活中更广泛的应用将给人们带来的便利。因此B项“外骨骼改变我们的未来生活”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。
12．D
13．A
14．B
15．D
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章用一些名人的例子说明成为自己永远都不晚。
12．
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Underpaid and unsatisfied by his average perfrmances, he felt a burning desire t devte mre time and energy t his art. S after a perid f dubt and thinking, that’s exactly what he did. He quit his jb and began what turned ut t be the mst creative perid f his life.(他必须工作才能维持生计。报酬过低，对自己的一般表现也不满意，他强烈地渴望把更多的时间和精力投入到艺术中去。所以在一段时间的怀疑和思考之后，他确实这么做了。他辞去了工作，开始了他一生中最有创造力的时期)”可知，Mzart辞去工作开始创作，追求艺术。由此推知，作者提到Mzart是为了说明人应该勇敢地去追求自己的梦想。故选D。
13．
细节理解题。根据第三段的“What, then, is hlding yu back? Rich Karlgaard, the publisher f Frbes magazine and authr f Late Blmers, argues that ur culture’s bsessin with early achievement discurages us frm ging after what we lve.(那么，是什么阻碍了你?《福布斯》杂志出版人、《大器晚成者》一书的作者Rich Karlgaard认为，我们的文化对早期成就的痴迷阻碍了我们追求自己喜欢的东西)”可知，Rich Karlgaard认为对早期成就的渴望阻止了人们追求自己喜欢的东西。故选A。
14．
细节理解题。根据第四段的“First, it’s never t late t becme yurself. Aristtle, fr example, didn’t fully devte himself t writing and philsphy until he was nearly 50. There are als benefits t taking a lng, winding path t achievement. Remember that age usually brings wisdm, self-knwledge, and creativity. This is ne reasn the average age f funders f high-grwth start-ups is 45.(首先，做自己永远都不晚。例如，亚里士多德直到将近50岁时才完全致力于写作和哲学。走上一条漫长而曲折的道路也有好处。记住，年龄通常会带来智慧、自知之明和创造力。这也是高增长初创企业创始人平均年龄为45岁的原因之一)”可知，文章告诉我们年龄不是追求梦想的障碍。故选B。
15．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章用Mzart和J. K. Rwling的例子，以及Rich Karlgaard的话告诉读者要勇敢追求自己的梦想，成为自己，年龄并不是追梦的障碍。结合最后一段“Nw get t wrk.(现在就行动吧)”推知，本文的目的是鼓励人们在任何年龄都追求梦想，成为自己。故选D。
16．G
17．C
18．D
19．E
20．F
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章通过作者的经历告诉读者过于关注体重有时会适得其反，人们应该更关注自己的感觉以及整体的精神面貌。
16．
根据上文“Weighing yurself regularly is a wnderful way t stay aware f any significant weight changes.(定期称重是一种很好的方法，可以随时了解体重的变化)”结合下文作者提到每天称重的负面影响推知，空处内容与上文为转折关系，指出过于频繁称重也有不好的影响。G项“Hwever, when dne t ften, this habit can smetimes hurt mre than it helps.(然而，如果经常这样做，这个习惯有时会弊大于利)”符合语境，承上启下。故选G。
17．
根据上文“The riginal training prgram is beneficial fr me t develp muscle.(最初的训练计划有利于我发展肌肉)”并结合常识可知，前期肌肉的发展会导致体重增加。C项“I had gained weight in the frm f muscle mass befre.(在大量肌肉形成前，我的体重增加了)”符合语境。故选C。
18．
根据上文“I fund that weighing myself daily did nt prvide an accurate descriptin f the hard wrk and prgress I was making in the gym. It takes abut three weeks t a mnth t ntice significant changes in yur weight due t changing yur training prgram. The mst immediate changes will be bserved in skill level, strength and inches lst. (我发现，每天称重并不能准确描述我在健身房的努力和进步。由于训练计划的改变，大约需要三周到一个月的时间才能注意到体重的显著变化。最直接的变化将在技能水平、力量和损失的英寸数上观察到)”和下文“Instead, I switched t a bimnthly weighing schedule. (相反，我改成每两个月称重的计划)”可知，每天称重不能准确描述作者的努力和进步，因为大约需要三周到一个月的时间才能注意到体重的显著变化；由此推知作者停止了每天称重的计划，改成了每两个月称重。D项“Fr these reasns, I stpped weighing myself every day.(出于这些原因，我停止了每天称重)”符合题意，these reasns指代上文提到的内容。故选D。
19．
根据上文“Weighing every ther mnth allws me t bserve and accunt fr any significant weight changes.(每隔一个月称一次体重可以让我观察和解释任何显著的体重变化)”可推知，空处应陈述作者可以根据体重是否有显著变化来调节训练计划。E项“That tells me whether I need t adjust my training prgram.(这告诉我是否需要调整我的训练计划)”符合题意。故选E。
20．
根据下文“I’m experiencing increased passin fr wrking ut since I n lnger carry the burden f a disappinting mrning weigh-in. I’ve als experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness gals, because I’m training accrding t thse gals, nt the numbers n a scale.(我对锻炼的热情越来越高，因为我再也不用背负早晨令人失望的体重负担了。在实现特定的健身目标方面，我也经历了更大的成功，因为我是根据这些目标而不是体重秤上的数字来训练的)”可知，停止每天称重给作者带来了好处。F项“The decisin t stp weighing myself every day has dne a lt f wnders.(停止每天称体重的决定已经产生了很多奇迹)”符合题意，引出下文。故选F。
21．C
22．A
23．D
24．B
25．D
26．A
27．B
28．D
29．D
30．B
31．A
32．B
33．B
34．C
35．D
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍Sammie Vance发起了一个名为“Sammie’s Buddy Bench Prject”倡议，呼吁大家回收瓶盖制作供人们休息的长椅，这有助于帮助地球从破坏中恢复。
21．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：校长赞成这个想法。A. cmplained抱怨；B. allwed允许；C. apprved赞同；D. spke讲。根据下文“S Sammie ___4___ thers in her cmmunity t cllect enugh caps t make ne bench.”推知，校长赞成了Sammie的想法。故选C。
22．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但木头的长椅很贵。A. cstly昂贵的；B. heavy重的；C. prductive多产的；D. valueless没有价值的。根据下文“Just ne wuld be wrth nearly a thusand dllars.”可知，木制的长椅很贵。故选A。
23．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，一个由回收瓶盖制成的长椅只需250美元左右。 A. reviewed复习；B. recreated在创造，重现；C. remved移除；D. recycled回收利用。根据下文“S Sammie ___4___ thers in her cmmunity t cllect enugh caps t make ne bench”可知，此处是指用回收的瓶盖制作长椅。故选D。
24．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，Sammie向社区里的其他人求助，收集足够的瓶盖来制作一张长椅。A. kept track f跟踪；B. reached ut t伸手，求助；C. sang high praises fr高度赞扬；D. gt rid f摆脱。根据“thers in her cmmunity t cllect enugh caps”可知，Sammie一个人在短时间内不能收集足够多的瓶盖，因此求助于社区的其他人。故选B。
25．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，她成功从50个州收集到了瓶盖。A. Unfrtunately不幸的是；B. Accrdingly相应地，因此；C. Apparently显然；D. Eventually最终。根据上文“S Sammie ___4___ thers in her cmmunity t cllect enugh caps t make ne bench.”可知，此处指经过Sammie和社区他人的努力，她最终收集到了足够的瓶盖。故选D。
26．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，“Sammie的伙伴长椅项目”的倡议诞生了。A. brn生，诞生；B. prmted升值，促进；C. btained获得；D. cmmented评论。根据下文“Pretty sn, Sammie’s Buddy Bench Prject began cmmanding the ___7___ f several news media.”可知，“Sammie的伙伴长椅项目”的倡议诞生了。故选A。
27．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，Sammie的Buddy Bench项目开始吸引了几家新闻媒体的关注。A. attractin吸引力，吸引物；B. attentin注意力，关注；C. acceptance接受；D. admissin 准许进入，进入权。根据下文“Sammie has been chsen the receiver f several ___8___ and was ___9___ ne f Peple magazine’s “Girls Changing the Wrld”. ”可知，Sammie的项目得到了媒体的关注。故选B。
28．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为她惊人的努力，Sammie被选为多个奖项的获得者，并被《人物》杂志评为“改变世界的女孩”之一。A. campaigns运动，战役；B. cntests竞赛，比赛；C. assemblies集会，议会；D. awards奖品，奖励。根据“Fr her amazing effrts”可知，因为Sammie的努力她得到了多个奖项。故选D。
29．
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. nicknamed取绰号；B. intrduced介绍，引入；C. defined定义；D. named命名。“Girls Changing the Wrld”是《人物》杂志给Sammie的头衔，用“命名”符合句意。故选D。
30．
考查短语辨析。句意：直到今天，在全国各地的学校和公园，加上墨西哥和澳大利亚，已经有200多个瓶盖伙伴长椅。A. the ther day几天前；B. t date至今；C. by then直到那时；D. until recently直到最近。结合上文内容可知，此处是指“Sammie的伙伴长椅项目”自诞生以来获得的成就，t date符合句意。故选B。
31．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也是可持续发展的重大胜利。A. sustainability耐久性，可持续性；B. changeability可变性；C. adaptability适应性；D. visibility能见度。根据下文“It is reprted that 1.3 billin bttle caps are used each year.”可知，用可回收的瓶盖制作长椅是可持续性发展的体现。故选A。
32．
考查连词词义辨析。句意：这些瓶盖不能以相同的方式与塑料瓶一起回收，因为每个瓶盖的熔点都不同，当它们混合在一起时，可能会破坏整个批次。A. thugh然而；B. as因为，当，即使；C. if如果；D. when在时候。结合句意可知，瓶盖的熔点不同是瓶盖不能和塑料瓶同时回收的原因。故选B。
33．
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. cmbined联合；B. mixed混合；C. invlved包括，涉及；D. fitted适合。根据“it can ruin an entire batch”并结合常识可知，如果把瓶盖和塑料瓶混合在一起同时回收，会破坏整个批次。故选B。
34．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：仅在我们的海洋中就发现了数百万个瓶盖，这可能会对海洋生物造成破坏。A. fields田野，领域；B. walls墙；C. ceans海洋；D. rains雨。根据“which can be devastating t marine life.”可知，此处是指在海洋中发现了数百万个瓶盖。故选C。
35．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，它是导致死亡的主要原因之一。A. explanatins解释；B. questins问题；C. ways方法；D. causes原因，起因。结合常识可知，海洋中的塑料是导致海洋生物死亡的原因之一。故选D。
36．when
37．in
38．it
39．struck
40．unless
41．A
42．rasted
43．has been celebrated
44．admiratin
45．meaning
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我国传统节日“龙抬头”的来历。
36．
考查定语从句。句意：龙头节是每年农历二月初二，那时龙从冬眠中醒来，这一天之后，降雨量会增加。空处引导非限制性定语从句，代替先行词the secnd day f the secnd lunar mnth every year在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。
37．
考查介词。句意：传统上，龙被认为是负责带来雨水，这是古代农业社会的一个重要因素。be in charge f“负责，掌管”是固定短语。故填in。
38．
考查固定表达。句意：传说有一年干旱袭击了一个村庄。legend has it that...“传说……，相传……”是固定句型，it作形式宾语。故填it。
39．
考查时态。句意同上。空处为从句谓语动词，根据时间状语 ne year可知，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填struck。
40．
考查连词。句意：为了惩罚龙，玉皇大帝把它囚禁在一座山上，并说除非金豆开花，否则他永远不会释放它。引导条件状语从句表示“除非”应用unless。故填unless。
41．
考查冠词。句意：一位聪明的村民发现玉米粒像黄豆一样是金黄色的，更重要的是，玉米粒在烘烤时可以开花。villager“村民”是可数名词单数形式，此处是泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且clever的发音是辅音音素开头。故填A。
42．
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处应填非谓语动词和when构成时间状语，rast和逻辑主语crn kernels之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填rasted。
43．
考查时态和语态。句意：从那时起，中国就以各种方式庆祝龙抬头节，以表达对龙的崇拜。空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语since then判断为现在完成时，主语the Dragn-Head-Raising Festival和celebrate是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been celebrated。
44．
考查名词。句意同上。作动词shw的宾语，应用admire的名词形式admiratin，抽象名词不可数。故填admiratin。
45．
考查非谓语动词。句意：最著名的传统是理发，这意味着摆脱厄运。句中已有谓语动词is且无连词，故mean应用非谓形式，它和逻辑主语getting s haircut之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填meaning。
46． Ntice
In rder t prmte the traditinal Chinese culture and encurage students read mre Chinese classics, the Student Unin is t hld a Chinese Classics Reciting Cntest in the lecture hall n the afternn f April 10.
It is a great pprtunity t shw yur talents. Yu are expected t recite Chinese classics individually r in a grup. Teachers and experts will be invited t be the judges. The tp three winners will be awarded.
Thse wh are interested in the cmpetitin please sign up at Rm 501 f the Art Building by February 25. Jin us and have fun.
The Students’ Unin
February 15, 2023
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。学校将于下个月举办中国经典诵读大赛(Chinese Classics Reciting Cntest)，文章主要让读者写一则通知。内容包括活动时间地点，参赛形式和报名截止日期。
【详解】
1. 词汇积累
举行：hld→hst
机会：pprtunity→chance
天赋：talent→gift
对……感兴趣：be interested in→be keen n
2. 句型拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In rder t prmte the traditinal Chinese culture and encurage students read mre Chinese classics, the Student Unin is t hld a Chinese Classics Reciting Cntest in the lecture hall n the afternn f April 10.
拓展句： The Student Unin is t hld a Chinese Classics Reciting Cntest in the lecture hall n the afternn f April 10, whse aim is t prmte the traditinal Chinese culture and encurage students read mre Chinese classics.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Thse wh are interested in the cmpetitin please sign up at Rm 501 f the Art Building by February 25.（运用了wh引导的限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]It is a great pprtunity t shw yur talents.（运用了不定式作后置定语）
47．I had expected them t turn away — and turn me away befre Katrina grabbed a small piece f tfu and enjyed it. And I mst certainly did nt expect her t encurage the rest f the table t try my lunch. My new friends were ging n abut hw lucky I was that my mm tk the time t prepare a cked meal fr me. They were surprised by the fact that tfu culd actually taste gd. While I didn’t get t eat any f my mm’s pan-fried tfu, I was full f pride and gratitude.
When I arrived hme, my mm asked hw my day went. Answering with a simple “Gd,” I pulled ut my lunch cntainer frm my bag. “I’m srry, but I didn’t have time t buy bread r ham yesterday.” But when she nticed that the cntainer was empty, she hesitated befre asking, “Hw was the fd?” I paused a mment befre I replied, “Perfect, mm. If it’s nt t much truble, can I still have pan-fried tfu fr lunch tmrrw?”
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章以作者的午餐——煎豆腐为线索展开，讲述作者害怕自己的午餐像从前那样让新朋友Katrina觉得难闻，因此不敢在她面前打开饭盒，并谎称自己不太饿。Katrina提出她想吃作者的午餐，作者最终打开饭盒，里面的饭菜让Katrina和同学们好奇。
【详解】
1.段落续写
①根据第一段首句内容“我本以为他们会转过身去——在Katrina抓起一小块豆腐享用它之前，他们会把我赶走”可知，下文可描述发生了作者意想不到的事情——同学们很喜欢煎豆腐。
②根据第二段首句内容“我到家时，妈妈问我一天过得怎么样”可知，下文可描述作者告诉妈妈新同学都喜欢煎豆腐，并要求妈妈再次做这道菜。
2.续写线索
猜想同学们会离开——同学们品尝煎豆腐——对煎豆腐称赞有加——妈妈询问学校生活——看到饭盒里的食物被吃完——告诉妈妈真相——请求妈妈再次做煎豆腐
3.词类激活
行为类
①鼓励：inspire/encurage
②回答：answer/reply/respnd
③购买：buy/perchase
情绪类
①惊讶的：surprised/astnsihed
②感激：appreciatin/gratitude
③幸运的：lucky/frtunate
【点睛】
[高分句型1]They were surprised by the fact that tfu culd actually taste gd. （运用that引导同位语从句）
[高分句型2]But when she nticed that the cntainer was empty, she hesitated befre asking, “Hw was the fd?” （运用when引导时间状语从句和that引导宾语从句）