2024版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价34Unit3SeaExploration新人教版选择性必修第四册

课时质量评价(三十四)

选择性必修第四册　UNIT 3

主题语境：自然环境、自然遗产保护

Ⅰ．阅读理解

A

Scientists visiting tiny Henderson Island in the South Pacific recently made an alarming discovery．Although it is one of the most remote places on the Earth and previously untouched by humans, the island was covered in plastic waste．They calculated there were 38 million pieces of plastic, weighing almost 18 tons, with thousands of new pieces washing up each day．“No country has a free pass — we found plastic from everywhere，”said one scientist．“We all have a responsibility, and we have to sit up and pay attention．This is not an issue to ignore．We need to do something now to protect the sea．”

Plastic waste in the sea has long been known about, but only now are we discovering the true extent of the problem．Plastic takes hundreds of years to decompose, so all the plastic ever produced still exists somewhere．Around 95% of plastics made are not recycled, and large amounts enter the sea．Currents collect this waste in large circular systems called “gyres”．One of the largest is in the Pacific Ocean, an area now known as the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch”．

The problem gets worse as plastic breaks down into very small pieces, or “micro plastic”．This is eaten by fish and leads to massive species loss．Humans also eat these fish, and micro plastic has even been found in tap water around the world．The problem has spread too far to ignore．The plastic on Henderson Island accounts for just 2 seconds' worth of global annual plastic production．That production will more than triple by 2050．Then there will be the same weight of plastic in the sea as fish．

However, there are some young minds working to clean up and protect the sea for future generations．While diving in Greece, young Boyan Slat noticed there was more plastic waste than fish．He decided right then to dedicate his life to solving this problem．Previously the problem was considered too big to solve; collecting the plastic with boats and nets would be expensive, would harm sea life, and would take thousands of years! But, Boyan thought, why move through the sea when the sea can move through you? To work with the currents and gyres would help collect the waste．So he started the Ocean Cleanup Project, which places very long floating barriers in the Pacific．Currents then concentrate the waste naturally so it can be collected and recycled．He hopes to reduce the patch by 50% in just five years．

“Many problems today are side effects of things people didn't think about in the past，”he says．Sea plastic is a symbol of the negative effects of our lifestyle and technology．Our aim should be to create a new lifestyle for this century．Protecting the sea from plastic is a good place to start．

1．What alarming discovery did the scientists make?

A．They discovered a tiny island in the South Pacific Ocean．

B．They discovered there was plastic everywhere on Henderson Island．

C．They discovered that there were no human beings on Henderson Island．

D．They discovered Henderson Island was the most remote place in the world．

2．What can we learn from the passage?

A．Micro plastic is merely harmful to the fish in the sea．

B．Not all the countries have to face the problem of plastic trash．

C．Nowadays there is the same weight of plastic in the sea as fish．

D．Most plastics made are not recycled, and large amounts enter the sea．

3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?

A．How the Ocean Cleanup Project works．

B．The problem of plastic cleanup is too big to tackle．

C．Let the sea itself decompose the plastic waste naturally．

D．Collecting plastic with boats and nets would be a good way．

4．Which of the following words best describe Boyan Slat?

A．Considerate and straightforward．

B．Intelligent and responsible．

C．Knowledgeable and sensitive．

D．Devoted and courageous．

B

(2023·秦皇岛模拟)Marathon runner Gerima Mustafa of Uganda walked some 664 kilometres across East Africa earlier this year to call attention to threats to the shea (乳木果) nut tree, a source of food, medical products and income for the many living from West Africa to Somalia．

Now research scientists studying the shea tree in Burkina Faso have found that it is the natural ecosystem that is getting degraded in this region that might do harm to the shea, which is often targeted by charcoal (木炭) traders who kill and sell the trees for far less than the long­term worth of their benefits．The habitats are lost to ever­increasing agricultural shifts too, with a clear overall link to the impacts of human activity．

Scientist Aoife Delaney of the UK, along with researchers of Burkina Faso and British ecologists, studied 10 different parkland locations in Burkina Faso where the trees are planted．They say the tree — able to produce nuts for 200 years — relies on pollinators (传粉者) that thrive when other trees and shrub (灌木) species around it create a habitat to support the pollinators, especially bees．

“Consequently, shea productions are likely to benefit from the preservation of a range of different tree and shrub species in parklands，”Delaney and the research team said．Their work was recently published in the JournalofAppliedEcology．

The authors recommend maintaining a range of native woody species throughout their lifespans, and planting new ones into farmland when cleared．The idea is to be intentional and active about protecting the trees．

“Only separate parts of semi­natural habitat in the surrounding landscape may not be sufficient to provide the necessary pollination services，”they concluded．“In a region that is subject to nutritional poverty and where the fund required to supply local foods is lacking for most families, maintaining natural ecosystem services that support food provision must be a priority．”

5．Why is Gerima Mustafa mentioned in the first paragraph?

A．To describe a marathon runner's experience．

B．To suggest the popularity of Gerima Mustafa．

C．To introduce the importance of shea nut trees．

D．To explain an approach to protecting the wildlife．

6．What is a great threat to the shea nut trees in Burkina Faso?

A．The agricultural development．

B．The illegal hunting of animals．

C．The disturbance of human activity．

D．The pollution in their natural habitat．

7．What does the underlined word “thrive”mean in Paragraph 3?

A．Increase．    B．Spread．

C．Escape．    D．Change．

8．What do the scientists recommend locals to do to protect the shea nut trees?

A．Provide hand­pollination services．

B．Keep the biodiversity within an ecosystem．

C．Replace the old shea trees with new ones．

D．Open up more natural habitats for pollinators．

Ⅱ．语法填空

Planting trees is a great way to reduce carbon emissions, but protecting our oceans and coastal ecosystems can do the same?

“Blue carbon”refers to organic carbon which 1． (store) by the oceans and coastal ecosystems．Mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrasses are the three main coastal ecosystems that can store large 2． (quantity) of blue carbon．They play a major role in reducing carbon dioxide in the air．

3． (compare) with ecosystems on the land, coastal ecosystems can store carbon 4．  (constant) in the long term．When plants on the coast die, the organic deposits that they become will slowly disappear thanks to the flowing seawater above, 5． means the carbon will not escape easily but remain stored for hundreds and thousands of years．

China is one of the few blessed 6． all three coastal ecosystems．Tidal marshes are the largest coastal ecosystem in China, 7． (occupy) an area of 5，448 square kilometres．In comparison, mangroves have a 8． (small) size．According to the latest data, the total area of China's mangrove forests in 2020 9． (be) 289 square kilometres, and over 70 square kilometres of mangroves are newly planted and restored now．

By protecting and restoring these coastal ecosystems, we can avoid enormous amounts of stored blue carbon going back into 10． atmosphere, and safeguard wildlife living in these ecosystems．

课时质量评价(三十四)

Ⅰ．A

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋上的塑料污染问题以及解决方案。

1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists visiting tiny Henderson Island in the South Pacific recently made an alarming discovery．Although it is one of the most remote places on the Earth and previously untouched by humans, the island was covered in plastic waste．”可知，科学家们惊讶地发现亨德森岛上到处都是塑料垃圾。故选B。

2．D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Around 95% of plastics made are not recycled, and large amounts enter the sea．”可知，大多数塑料制品不能回收，且大量流入海洋。故选D。

3．A　段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了“海洋清理”项目是如何运作的。故选A。

4．B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But, Boyan thought, why move through the sea when the sea can move through you? To work with the currents and gyres would help collect the waste．So he started the Ocean Cleanup Project, which places very long floating barriers in the Pacific．Currents then concentrate the waste naturally so it can be collected and recycled．He hopes to reduce the patch by 50% in just five years．”以及最后一段中的“‘Many problems today are side effects of things people didn't think about in the past，’ he says．”可推知，Boyan Slat是个聪明、有责任心的人。故选B。

B

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了乳木果树面临的威胁及对其采取的保护措施。

5．C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“call attention to threats to the shea (乳木果) nut tree, a source of food, medical products and income for the many living from West Africa to Somalia”可推知，第一段提及Gerima Mustafa是为了介绍乳木果树的重要性。故选C。

6．C　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，人类活动的干扰是布基纳法索乳木果树的巨大威胁。故选C。

7．A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“when other trees and shrub (灌木) species around it create a habitat to support the pollinators, especially bees”及常识可知，当乳木果树周围的植被营造出适合传粉者生长的环境时，传粉者会茁壮成长。由此可知，画线词thrive与increase(增长)意思接近。故选A。

8．B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容以及最后一段中的“In a region that is subject to nutritional poverty and where the fund required to supply local foods is lacking for most families, maintaining natural ecosystem services that support food provision must be a priority．”可推知，科学家们建议当地人保持生态系统内的生物多样性，以此来保护乳木果树。故选B。

Ⅱ．1．is stored　2．quantities　3．Compared　4．constantly

5．which　6．with　7．occupying　8．smaller　9．was

10．the