人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Space Exploration课时练习

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking (1)

阅读理解

A

As we continue to explore farther out into our solar system and beyond, the question of humans living on other planets often comes up. Manned bases on the Moon or Mars, for example, have long been a dream of many. There is a natural desire to explore as far as we can go, and also to extend humanity’s presence on a permanent or at least semi-permanent basis. In order to do this, however, it is necessary to adapt to different extreme environments. On the Moon, for example, a colony must be self-sustaining and protect its inhabitants from the airless, harsh environment outside.

Mars, though, is different. While future bases could adapt to the Martian environment over time, there is also the possibility of modifying the surrounding environment instead of just co-existing with it. This is the process of terraforming—adjusting Mars’ atmosphere and environment to make it more Earth-like. But the bigger question is, should we?

One of the main issues is whether Mars has any native life or not and if it does, should it be preserved as much as possible? If the answer is yes, then large-scale human settlement on Mars should be completely off-limits. Small colonies might be fine, but living on Mars should not be at the expense of any native inhabitants, if they exist. If Mars is home to any indigenous life, then terraforming should be a non-issue; it simply should not be done.

What if Mars is lifeless? Even if no life exists there, that untouched and unique alien environment needs to be preserved as it is as much as possible. We’ve already done too much damage here on our own planet. By studying Mars and other planets and moons in their current natural state, we can learn so much about their history and also learn more about our own world. We should appreciate the differences of other worlds instead of just transforming them to suit our own ambitions.

1. What does the author think we should do if life is found on Mars?

A. Ensure that it’s not harmed.

B. Negotiate with the Martians.

C. Change the unpopulated regions.

D. Assess the advantages and disadvantages.

解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中的“large-scale human settlement on Mars should be completely off-limits”,“living on Mars should not be at the expense of any native inhabitants, if they exist”, “it simply should not be done”可知,如果火星上有生命存在,我们应当避免大规模移民,应当尽力保护其不受伤害。

答案:A

2. What does the underlined word “indigenous” in paragraph 3 mean?

A. Complex.　　　　B. Native.

C. Foreign.       D. Intelligent.

解析:词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“... then terraforming should be a non-issue; it simply should not be done.”可知,这样的话,我们就不应该使火星地球化。又结合该段第一句可以推知,这样做的前提是火星上有原始生命;故画线词与B项词义相近。

答案:B

3. How does the author develop his ideas in the text?

A. By referring to others’ research.

B. By evaluating different planets.

C. By justifying the benefits of terraforming.

D. By arguing in support of one viewpoint.

解析:写作手法题。根据第二段最后一句“But the bigger question is, should we?”和第三段以及第四段的内容可知,作者先提出一个问题,然后通过讨论两种情况来论述自己的观点。故选D。

答案:D

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A. Is There Life on Mars?

B. Can We Adapt to Mars?

C. Should We Terraform Mars?

D. Are Mars and Earth So Different?

解析:标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文是围绕第二段结尾句“But the bigger question is, should we?”提出的问题展开讨论的,又结合下文论述的不应该以牺牲火星上的原始生命为代价而去改变火星上的环境以适应人类的生存,以及即使火星上无生命我们也应让它保持原状以便我们了解到更多东西可知,C项最适合做本文标题。

答案:C

B

The full moon climbs over the eastern horizon(地平线) and hangs like a huge orange globe in the sky. After a few hours, the moon is overhead but seems to have changed. The huge orange globe has become a small silver disk. What has happened? Why has the orange colour disappeared? Why does the moon seem so much smaller and farther away now that it is overhead?

The moon appears orange on the horizon because we view it through the dust of the atmosphere. The overhead moon does not really shrink(缩小) as it moves away from the horizon. Our eyes inform us that the overhead moon is farther away. But in this position the moon is actually closer to our eyes than when it is near the horizon.

The change in size is a trick our eyes and minds play on us. When the moon is low in the sky, we can compare its size with familiar objects. It is easy to see that the moon is much larger than trees or buildings, for example. When the moon is high in the sky, however, it is hard to compare it with objects on Earth. Compared to the vastness of the sky, the moon seems small.

There is another reason why the moon seems to shrink. We are used to staring at objects straight ahead of us. When an object is difficult to see, our eyes have to try to focus on it. When we move our heads back to look up, we will try hard again. Looking at something from an unaccustomed position can fool you into believing an object is smaller or farther away than it is. However, scientists do not yet understand completely why the moon seems to shrink as it rises in the sky.

5. What makes us puzzled when the moon is high in the sky?

A. It becomes large.

B. It looks different.

C. Its colour disappears.

D. Its shape changes.

解析:推理判断题。根据第一段中的“After a few hours, the moon is overhead but seems to have changed. The huge orange globe has become a small silver disk. What has happened? Why has the orange colour disappeared? Why does the moon seem so much smaller and farther away now that it is overhead?”可知,当月亮高挂天空的时候,它的颜色、大小都变了,看起来不同了。

答案:B

6. What really happens when the moon floats farther away from the horizon?

A. It comes nearer.  

B. It turns orange.

C. It goes farther.  

D. It gets through dust.

解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The overhead moon does not really shrink as it moves away from the horizon. Our eyes inform us that the overhead moon is farther away. But in this position the moon is actually closer to our eyes than when it is near the horizon.”可知,当月亮离地平线远的时候,其实它离我们更近。

答案:A

7. What can we infer from the text?

A. The size of the moon often changes.

B. The moon is in fact a huge orange globe.

C. The moon is beginning to shrink much.

D. We do not see the moon as it really is.

解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“However, scientists do not yet understand completely why the moon seems to shrink as it rises in the sky.”可知,我们没有看清月亮的“真面目”。

答案:D

C

Television has changed our lives in many ways. Many people now spend more time watching TV than doing anything else. Researchers have estimated(估计) that when most students leave school they have spent 11,000 hours in the classroom and 22,000 hours watching television. 8.　　　　?　 

Benefits of television:

·Television helps us to learn more about the world and to know and see many new things. Television can offer present information to us in a more effective way than books. 9.　　　　.  

· It entertains us. It is an enjoyable way to relax ourselves. For millions of people around the world, television is a source of companionship and helps them to cope with everyday life.

·It has increased the popularity of sports and arts.

· 10.　　　　. In 2000, for example, 1.5 million people in 147 countries watched a TV pop concert and helped to collect more than $100 million for people in Africa.  

Dangers:

· Television makes us passive(被动的). 11.　　　　. 

· It encourages us to buy unnecessary things sometimes. There are many advertisements on television, 12.　　　　.  

· It takes time away from activities such as reading, conversation, and games.

·Some critics(批评家) say that television makes people violent. A ten-year study showed that children who watch television programmes are more likely to be violent themselves.

A. Television makes us active

B. But what effect does this have

C. It can also make things more memorable

D. We don’t have to think and our brains become lazy

E. however, this kind of advertisement might not be suitable

F. Television  has  made  us  aware  of  our  global responsibilities

G. the main purpose of which is to make customers spend money

8. 解析:根据前文“Researchers have estimated that when most students leave school they have spent 11,000 hours in the classroom and 22,000 hours watching television.”可知,后文说的是影响,因此B项“But what effect does this have?(但这有什么影响呢?)”符合文意。故选B。

答案:B

9. 解析:根据前文“Television can offer present information to us in a more effective way than books.”可知,此处讲述的是电视的好处,因此C项“It can also make things more memorable.(它也能使事情更令人难忘。)”符合文意。故选C。

答案:C

10. 解析:根据后文“In 2000, for example, 1.5 million people in 147 countries watched a TV pop concert and helped to collect more than $100 million for people in Africa.”可知,此处强调了人们对全球的责任,因此F项“Television has made us aware of our global responsibilities.(电视使我们意识到我们的全球责任。)”符合文意。故选F。

答案:F

11. 解析:根据前文“Television makes us passive.”可知,此处讲述了电视的坏处,因此D项“We don’t have to think and our brains become lazy.(我们不必思考,我们的大脑就会变得懒惰。)”符合文意。故选D。

答案:D

12. 解析:根据前文“It encourages us to buy unnecessary things sometimes.There are many advertisements on television”可知,下文讲的是广告的目的是什么,因此G项“the main purpose of which is to make customers spend money.(其主要目的是让顾客花钱。)”符合文意。故选G。

答案:G

Reading and Thinking (2)

[基础测评]

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. I work during my spare time, which gives me 　　　　(independent) from my family.  

2. My parents desire me 　　　　(behave) well at school.  

3. From the 　　　　(disappoint) voice, we knew he failed the exam.  

4. The fish 　　　　(leap) out of water and landed on the shore.  

5. As we all know, 　　　　(satellite) have been used for communication as well as weather forecasts.  

6. During our free time, we’ll be able to travel to places of interest in new

 　　　　(vehicle) like flying cars.  

7. The government is taking measures to prevent the 　　　　(transmit) of the disease.  

8. The 　　　　(frontier) of medical knowledge are being pushed forwards as time goes on.  

9. We are not sure when 　　　　universe came into being.  

10. He stood up, signalling 　　　　the officer that he had finished with his client.  

答案:1. independence　2. to behave

3. disappointed　4. leaped/leapt　5. satellites

6. vehicles　7. transmission　8. frontiers

9. the　10. to

Ⅱ. 根据汉语句意完成英语句子

1. 你是第一个将这项工作做得这么好的人。

You are 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the work so well.  

2. 虽然战士们已经工作了15个小时,但他们仍继续在废墟中寻找幸存者。

Though the soldiers had been working for fifteen hours, they

 　　　　　　　　　　for survivors in the ruins.  

3. 攀登者们继续前进,希望尽最后的努力到达山顶。

The climbers kept up 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　reaching the top with the last effort.  

4. 人们相信努力工作就能成功。

It is believed that working hard can 　　　　　　　　success.  

5. 微笑不仅仅让我们高兴,还能愉悦别人。

Smiling can 　　　　　　　　make us happy, 　　　　　　　　please others.  

答案:1. the first person to do　2. carried on looking

3. in the hope of　4. lead to　5. not only　but also

Ⅲ. 语法填空

1. (look) up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to explore space. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world 2. (go) into space. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying, “That’s one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind.” Following this, many more goals 3. 　　　　(achieve).  

4. scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. All the 5. (astronaut) on the USSR’s Soyuz 11 and America’s Challenger died during their missions, which made everyone sad and 6. (disappoint). Despite the huge risks, people carry 7. 　　　　exploring space.  

China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it 8. (make) great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to 9. (independent) send humans into space in 2003. Now China as well as Europe and the US has plans to further study and explore planets like Mars 10. Jupiter.

答案:1. Looking　2. to go　3. were achieved

4. Although/Though　5. astronauts

6. disappointed　7. on　8. has made

9. independently　10. and

[提升测评]

Ⅳ. 阅读理解

Three days before Christmas in 1968, Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and Bill Anders had adventured out to the moon, becoming the first human beings to reach and orbit our closest neighbour in space. On Christmas Eve, they pointed a TV camera out of the window of Apollo 8 and showed a global audience(观众) of 1 billion the ancient moon moving slowly below their spaceship.

“I didn’t choose it,” Anders said, when all three astronauts met to mark the 50th anniversary(周年) of their moon flight, at Chicago’s Museum of Science and Industry, where their spaceship is displayed.

When the three men returned to Earth on December 27, they were surrounded by a sea of joy. That kind of collective(集体的) joy—born of collective effort—can seem beyond us now. From the factory floor to the three men in the spaceship, an estimated 400,000 people had a hand in making the moon flight possible. Behind the joy there was also a dark danger Apollo 8 might face. If the astronauts made it into the moon orbit but their engine failed to fire when it was time to return, rescue would be impossible. They would circle the moon forever. But the astronauts did come home, and in the process they gave the world another gift: the celebrated photograph that came to be known as Earthrise.

Even fifty years later, Borman and Lovell continued to play jokes on Anders, 85 then.

“I’m still trying to figure out who did it,” said Borman, with a wink(眨眼睛).

“You did it, I think,” Lovell answered.

“Bill did it,” Borman admitted.

“He didn’t want me to take it at first,” Anders said.

“I have never said it before publicly,” said Borman, “but I’m just proud that I was able to fly with these two talented guys. You did a really good job.”

1. Why did the men point a camera out of the window of Apollo 8?

A. To show the moon to the world.

B. To read some sentences to the audience.

C. To do some research into the ancient moon.

D. To record what they were doing in the spacecraft.

解析:细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“On Christmas Eve, they pointed a TV camera out of the window of Apollo 8 and showed a global audience of 1 billion the ancient moon moving slowly below their spaceship.”可知,他们把照相机伸出Apollo 8的窗外,是为了向世界展示月球。

答案:A

2. How old was Bill Anders when he reached space?

A. 27. 　　　　　　　　B. 30.

C. 35.                 D. 50.

解析:推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Even fifty years later, Borman and Lovell continued to play jokes on Anders, 85 then.”可知,甚至在50年后,Borman 和 Lovell仍然继续拿当时已经85岁的Anders开玩笑。由此推断出,Bill Anders到达太空时的年龄是:85-50=35。故选C。

答案:C

3. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to?

A. The flight.             B. Earth.

C. The reading.           D. The picture.

解析:推理判断题。上文“But the astronauts did come home, and in the process they gave the world another gift: the celebrated photograph that came to be known as Earthrise.”提到,宇航员们确实回家了,在这个过程中,他们给了世界另一份礼物——那张后来被称为《地出》的著名的照片,由此推断出“it”指代的是上文提到的“照片”。

答案:D

Ⅴ. 完形填空

I took an airplane to Beijing in February, on an Air Canada Boeing 777. 　1　 all were seated, I used my computer for a while. Ahead of me to my right, a kid was 　2　.  

I went up to a Chinese woman. She had in her arms a kid that 　3　 crying. I told the mother that the kid needed to be walked and then she would settle down and sleep. I knew this because I am a father of four 　4　 children. The woman, who was from North York, said she was too tired as she had been 　5　 the whole night before. I 　6　 to walk the kid so she could get some sleep.  

As I took the kid in my arms, I 　7　 her for the kid’s name and age. I then started slowly walking up to the front of the economy section. The kid immediately fell to sleep. When I got back to the mother’s 　8　, I found her fast asleep. I kept walking for over six hours and walked slowly 　9　. Since it was a 13-hour flight, I walked halfway to China—　10　 a kid.  

Women on board would 　11　 me during my long walk, wanting to see the kid. One woman asked me some questions like “How many 　12　 do you have?” “Four,” I said. She looked closely at my wrinkled(有皱纹的) face and white hair (I was almost 60) and said, “Well, I hope this is your 　13　 one.” She thought I was Mary’s father. I just 　14　 and walked on.  

When I was back to the mother, the mother woke. I gave Mary back to her, who 　15　 sound asleep.  

1. A. Before             B. After

C. Though                D. Unless

解析:大家都坐好后,“我”用了一会儿电脑。before在……之前;after在……之后;though尽管;unless除非。

答案:B

2. A. singing            B. talking

C. sleeping               D. crying

解析:根据下段中的“She had in her arms a kid that 　3　 crying.”可知一个孩子在哭。sing唱歌;talk谈论;sleep睡觉;cry哭。 

答案:D

3. A. kept              B. started

C. practised           D. stopped

解析:结合语境可知,孩子一直在哭。keep doing sth 一直做某事。keep保持;start开始;practise练习;stop停止。

答案:A

4. A. grown           B. energetic

C. curious              D. slim

解析:“我”知道需要抱着那个正在哭的孩子走走,是因为“我”有经验,“我”是四个成年孩子的父亲。grown成年的;energetic精力充沛的;curious好奇的;slim苗条的。

答案:A

5. A. down             B. back

C. away             D. up

解析:根据“she was too tired”可知,她前一晚都没睡。up表示“未上床”。

答案:D

6. A. deserved           B. offered

C. pretended           D. agreed

解析:“我”主动提出抱孩子走走,这样她就能睡一会儿了。deserve值得;offer主动提出;pretend假装;agree同意。offer to do sth 主动提出要做某事。

答案:B

7. A. requested           B. commanded

C. asked              D. consulted

解析:根据“for the kid’s name and age”可知,是在“问”孩子的名字和年龄。request请求;command命令;ask问;consult请教。

答案:C

8. A. home              B. seat

C. section              D. room

解析:作者把孩子哄睡了,自然要送还回到妈妈那里,也就是回到妈妈的“座位”。home家;seat座位;section部分;room房间。

答案:B

9. A. upside down         B. inside out

C. day and night         D. up and down

解析:作者本想把睡着的孩子送还给孩子的妈妈,但孩子的妈妈也睡了,所以作者就抱着孩子来回走。upside down颠倒的;inside out 彻底地,里面翻到外面;day and night日日夜夜;up and down来来回回,上上下下。

答案:D

10. A. watching         B. carrying

C. tricking               D. seeking

解析:根据上文“As I took the kid in my arms, I 　7　 her for the kid’s name and age.”可知,在去中国的航班上作者有一半的时间抱着一个孩子。watch观看;carry抱着;trick戏弄;seek寻找。 

答案:B

11. A. spot               B. remind

C. stop                 D. award

解析:根据“wanting to see the kid”可知,航班上的女士们要看孩子,因为作者抱着孩子来回走,所以她们要让作者停下来。spot发现;remind提醒;stop停止;award授予。

答案:C

12. A. customers        B. passengers

C. members           D. children

解析:根据上文“I knew this because I am a father of four 　4　 children.”并结合答语“Four”可知她们在问作者有几个孩子。customer顾客;passenger旅客;member成员;children孩子。 

答案:D

13. A. last             B. active

C. naughty             D. troubled

解析:此处指这位女士说希望这是作者最后一个孩子。last最后的,最新的;active积极的;naughty淘气的;troubled不安的。

答案:A

14. A. refused           B. smiled

C. apologised           D. sighed

解析:“我”只是微笑着继续来回走。refuse拒绝;smile微笑;apologise道歉;sigh叹息。

答案:B

15. A. turned           B. fell

C. remained           D. looked

解析:“我”把Mary送还给她,孩子仍然在熟睡。turn变成;fall开始变成;remain保持,仍然;look看起来。

答案:C