人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures巩固练习

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking (1)

阅读理解

A

Most people who move to a foreign country may experience a period of time when they have a lot of stress in the new culture. This feeling is often called “culture shock” and it is important to learn how to deal with culture shock. First of all, you should know that everyone in a new situation will go through some form of culture shock. There are four general stages of cultural adjustment.

The first stage is usually referred to as the honeymoon stage. Upon arriving in a new environment, you’ll be interested in the new culture. Everything will seem exciting, and everyone will seem friendly and helpful.

The second stage is called the withdrawal stage. The excitement that you felt before changes to disappointment as you find it difficult to deal with new problems. The language is hard to learn; friends are hard to make; simple things like shopping and going to the bank are challenges. It is at this stage that you are likely to feel anxious and homesick.

If you are one of those who manage to stick it out, you will enter the third stage—the recovery stage. At this point, you’ll feel more confident in the new culture. You’ll start to understand and accept the way things are done and the way people behave in your new environment.

The last stage is the stability(稳定) stage—this is the point when people start to feel at home in the new culture. At this stage, you will behave well in the new culture, and prefer some aspects of the new culture to your own culture.

There is, in a sense, a fifth stage to this process. If you decide to return home after a long period in a new culture, you may experience what is called “reverse culture shock” (反向文化冲击). This means that you may find aspects of your own culture “foreign”, because you’re so used to the new culture. Reverse culture shock is usually pretty mild and doesn’t last for very long.

1. What will people tend to do at the honeymoon stage?

A. They find the new culture is hard to accept.

B. They miss their family and friends very much.

C. They begin to understand what culture shock is.

D. They have a good impression of the new culture.

解析:推理判断题。根据第二段中的“be interested in”, “exciting”, “friendly and helpful”等判断,在蜜月阶段人们对新的文化会有一个好的印象。故选D。

答案:D

2. In which stage will people feel most uncomfortable?

A. The honeymoon stage.

B. The withdrawal stage.

C. The recovery stage.

D. The stability stage.

解析:细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“It is at this stage that you are likely to feel anxious and homesick.”可知,在“withdrawal stage”人会感到焦虑和想家,最不舒服。故选B。

答案:B

3. How do people usually feel at the stability stage?

A. Lucky.　　　　　　

B. Nervous.

C. Relaxed. 

D. Disappointed.

解析:细节理解题。根据第五段中的“this is the point when people start to feel at home in the new culture”可知,在这一阶段的人会感到放松。故选C。

答案:C

4. Which of the following statements does the author agree with?

A. It’s important to know that culture shock is natural.

B. People will suffer less from culture shock in the future.

C. Reverse culture shock usually happens in the foreign countries.

D. Reverse culture shock is as difficult to deal with as culture shock.

解析:推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Most people ... have a lot of stress in the new culture.”和“everyone in a new situation will go through some form of culture shock”判断,作者认为在新的文化背景下,一般人都会遇到文化冲突,所以了解到文化冲突是自然的这件事情是重要的。故选A。

答案:A

B

If Confucius(孔子) were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28th birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He’d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.

While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It’s nothing personal. Most Americans don’t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.

But this doesn’t mean that Americans don’t care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.

In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programmes have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history and philosophy(哲学). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.

So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.

Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.

As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.

5. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?

A. To provide some key facts about Confucius.

B. To attract the readers’ interest in the subject.

C. To show great respect for the ancient thinker.

D. To prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations.

解析:推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,作者是以孔子生日这一话题,吸引读者的兴趣,引出本文要讨论的真正话题。故选B。

答案:B

6. What can we learn about American students from paragraph 4?

A. They have a great interest in studying Chinese.

B. They take an active part in Chinese competitions.

C. They try to get high scores in Chinese exams.

D. They fight for chances to come to China to learn Chinese.

解析:推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programmes have gained huge popularity in Western universities.”和“Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese.”可知,美国学生对中国文化很感兴趣。故选A。

答案:A

7. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A. Forgotten Wisdom in America

B. Chinese Culture for Westerners

C. Old Thinker with a Big Future

D. Huge Fans of the Chinese Language

解析:主旨大意题。本文主要向我们介绍了孔子思想对西方的影响,以及将来可能产生的影响,由此可知C项适合做本文标题。故选C。

答案:C

8. Where is this text most likely from?

A. From a biography (传记).

B. From a history paper.

C. From a newspaper.

D. From a philosophy textbook.

解析:推理判断题。本文主要讲述了外国人对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓,对孔子的思想也越来越感兴趣这一社会现象,所以很有可能是新闻报道的内容。故选C。

答案:C

C

When you got sick, did your parents and doctors make you drink a “terrible soup”? 9.　　　　, but it can really make you feel better in several days. The “soup” is actually a kind of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).  

In recent years, TCM has become more popular around the world. 10.　　　　. China has 10 TCM centres abroad, such as in France and the United States. Doctors give TCM treatment to local people there. They also teach TCM to local people. Now, there are over 100,000 TCM clinics, with about 300,000 TCM workers around the world.  

TCM came from China thousands of years ago. It is based on the Chinese philosophy(哲学)of yin and yang. Humans should follow the natural rules to keep healthy. Old Greece and Egypt created Western medicine. 11.　　　　. Western doctors check people’s height, weight, blood pressure and body temperature.  

12.　　　　. “Bringing together Western medicine and TCM can use collective knowledge, rather than create competition between them. It can develop the great effects of both of them,” said Bernhard Schwartlander, a World Health Organization representative in China. 

On Dec. 6th, a government document reported that 86 countries and regions are now developing TCM together with China. In 2015, Chinese scientist Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize. 13.　　　　. Today, with more and more people paying attention to TCM, it will definitely have a bright future.  

A. Let’s see some facts and figures

B. It is difficult to say which one is better

C. It might be a bad drinking experience for you

D. There are many women of great achievements in history

E. Then the idea took shape in Europe in the 19th century

F. It’s because she made an important drug using traditional Chinese medicine

G. Many people believe Western medicine is more effective than traditional Chinese medicine

9. 解析:根据空格后“but it can really make you feel better in several days.”可知,该空应是表达“虽然这种汤很难喝”,但是几天后会让你康复。C项“对你来说喝这种汤很可能是一种很糟的经历”符合题意。故选C。

答案:C

10. 解析:根据空后的信息可知,下文是用事实和数据来证明传统中医在全世界受欢迎的程度。故A项“让我们来看一些事实和数据”符合语境。故选A。

答案:A

11. 解析:根据本段首句“TCM came from China thousands of years ago.”可知,前半段是介绍中医的发展历史和药效原理,下文介绍的是西医,但是缺少对西医的历史介绍,E项“西医是19世纪在欧洲形成的”符合上下文逻辑。故选E。

答案:E

12. 解析:根据空后“把中医和西医结合起来使用,而不是相互竞争”,可反推该空表达的是这两种医学的比较,B项“很难说哪种更好”符合逻辑。故选B。

答案:B

13. 解析:根据“... Chinese scientist Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize.”可知,屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖,所以下文应该讲获奖和中医的关系。F项“那是因为她用传统中医制成了一种非常重要的药物”符合上下文逻辑。故选F。

答案:F

Reading and Thinking (2)

[基础测评]

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. The table tennis team of our school is 　　　　(admit) new players.  

2. I shall 　　　　(definite) be at the airport to meet you.  

3. It 　　　　(occur) to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.  

4. There are many 　　　　(history) places in Xi’an.  

5. He earned 　　　　living by selling newspapers.  

6. They 　　　　(select) six winners from the finalists tomorrow.  

7. So far nobody 　　　　(claim) the money discovered in the library.  

8. There are a number of 　　　　(journal) on the desk.  

9. Local schools are 　　　　(seek) to reduce the dropout rate.  

10. After the game, the fans 　　　　(head) for the exit.  

答案:1. admitting　2. definitely　3. occurred

4. historical　5. a　6. will select　7. has claimed　8. journals　

9. seeking　10. headed

Ⅱ. 根据汉语句意完成英语句子

1. 我们必须寻找解决问题的方法。

We must 　　　　　　　　a solution to the problem.  

2. 据说这个工厂有些工人每周工作80个小时。

　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　some workers in the factory are working 80 hours a week.  

3. 我突然想到,我还没完成作业。

　　　　 suddenly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I hadn’t finished my homework.  

4. 他年轻的时候常常打篮球。

He 　　　　　　　　　　　　basketball when he was young.  

5. 他承认犯了错误。

He 　　　　　　　　　　　　a mistake.  

答案:1. seek for　2. It is claimed that

3. It　occurred to me that　4. used to play

5. admitted having made

Ⅲ. 语法填空

(2021·全国甲卷)

The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It 1.　　　　(build) originally to protect the city

2.　　　　 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复). It is possible 3.　　　　 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometres. 

We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 metres high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.

After 4.　　　　 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what  5.　　　　 (good) than to ride on a piece of history! 

We 6.　　　　 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 7.　　　　 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 8.　　　　 way around the Xi’an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at different gates and 9.　　　　 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10.　　　　 (day) routines. 

1. 解析:句意:它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的,现在已经完全修复。build和句子主语之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时,主语it为第三人称单数,主谓一致。故填was built。

答案:was built

2. 解析:表示“在某个朝代”,用介词in。故填in。

答案:in

3. 解析:句意:可以步行或骑自行车走14千米。it为形式主语,所以用不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to walk。

答案:to walk

4. 解析:句意:在观察了城墙上所有的防御装备后,我们决定是时候采取行动了,还有什么比在一段历史上骑行更好的呢!空处作介词的宾语,所以用动词-ing形式。故填spending。

答案:spending

5. 解析:空后有than,所以用比较级。故填better。

答案:better

6. 解析:句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时。故填hired。

答案:hired

7. 解析:句意:我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃,但还可以骑。前后是转折关系,所以用but连接。故填but。

答案:but

8. 解析:句意:我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。all the way一路上,为固定搭配。故填the。

答案:the

9. 解析:句意:但是,我们在不同的大门和瞭望台停下来拍照,或者只是为了看当地人进行日常生活。watchtower为可数名词,前面有different,所以用复数名词。故填watchtowers。

答案:watchtowers

10. 解析:空处作定语修饰名词,所以用形容词。故填daily。

答案:daily

[提升测评]

Ⅳ. 阅读理解

It’s common that a Japanese-American bows on the phone—but only in Japanese. Behaviours and manners can become so routine that they appear even when there’s no need for them.Those who are bilingual and bicultural know first-hand that how we behave can depend on what language we are speaking. Experts have shown that who you are in the moment can depend on the language you are using at that time.

This is because when you have an experience,the language you are using becomes associated with it.For bilingual people, this means certain memories are more closely associated with one language than the other—a phenomenon called “language-dependent memory”. For example, a childhood memory is more likely to be remembered when the language spoken during that childhood event is spoken again.

How we think and feel can thus change depending on what language we are using. For example,people who are bilingual have an intensified stress response when listening to the words of scolding in a native language.This may be,in part,because our early memories associated with learning a“bad” word or being scolded by our parents happened in our native language.

Because emotions play a key role in how we make decisions,people are often more sensible when making choices in the less emotional foreign language.When asked whether they would be willing to give one person’s life to save a group,people who speak more than one language are much more likely to say “yes” when answering in a foreign language. The unpleasant feelings that can prevent us from making difficult choices are reduced when we’re using a non-native language.

The language we speak has an influence on how we think, feel, and even behave. In a way, knowing different languages can provide people with a variety of views through which to see the world.

1. Why is the example of Japanese-American mentioned in paragraph 1?

A. To show the influence of culture is huge.

B. To show bowing is Japanese people’s routine.

C. To show Japanese people are polite on the phone.

D. To show one’s use of language affects one’s behaviour.

解析:推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Those who are bilingual and bicultural know first-hand that how we behave can depend on what language we are speaking. Experts have shown that who you are in the moment can depend on the language you are using at that time.”可知,那些说两种语言和有着双文化背景的人知道我们的行为取决于我们说的是什么语言。专家指出,你当时的身份取决于你当时使用的语言。由此可知,第一段提到日裔美国人用日语打电话时会鞠躬是为了表明一个人使用的语言会影响他的行为。故选D。

答案:D

2. What does the underlined word “intensified” in paragraph 3 mean?

A. Worse.　　　　　　　B. Better.

C. Increased.           D. Limited.

解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“This may be, in part,because our early memories associated with learning a ’bad’ word or being scolded by our parents happened in our native language.”可知,在某种程度上,这可能是因为在我们早期的记忆里,学脏话或被父母责骂都是用母语进行的。因此,此处是说会说两种语言的人在听到用母语说脏话时,压力反应会增强。由此可知,画线词的意思是“增强的”。故选C。

答案:C

3. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A. You Are Actually What You Are Speaking　

B. Native Languages Make People Speak More　

C. Different Languages Have Different Influences

D. Speak Your Native Language in Other Countries

解析:标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是根据第一段中的“Experts have shown that who you are in the moment can depend on the language you are using at that time.”可知,专家指出,你当时的身份取决于你当时使用的语言。由此可知,本文主要介绍的是你使用的语言决定了你的身份,所以这篇文章最好的题目是“语言决定你的身份”。故选A。

答案:A

Ⅴ. 完形填空

I arrived in the United States on February 6th, 2016, but I remember my first day here very clearly. My friend was waiting for me when my plane landed at Kennedy International Airport at three o’clock in the afternoon. The weather was very 　1　 and it was snowing, but I was too excited to mind. From the airport, my friend and I took a taxi to my 　2　. On the way, I saw the skyline of Manhattan for the first time and I looked in astonishment at the famous skyscrapers(摩天大楼) and their man-made 　3　. My friend helped me unpack at the hotel and then left because he had to go back to work. He promised to return the next day.  

　4　 my friend had left, I went to a restaurant near the hotel to get something to eat. Because I couldn’t speak a single 　5　 of English, I couldn’t tell the waiter what I wanted. I was very upset and started to make some 　6　, but the waiter didn’t 　7　 me. Finally, I ordered the same thing the man at the next table was eating. After dinner, I started to walk along Broadway 　8　 I came to Times Square with its cinemas, theatres, neon lights, and huge crowds of people. I did not feel tired, so I 　9　 to walk around the city. I wanted to see 　10　 on my first day. I knew it was 　11　, but I wanted to try.  

When I returned to the hotel, I was 　12　, but I couldn’t 　13　 because I kept hearing the fire and police sirens(警笛) during the night. I lay 　14　 and thought about New York. It was a very big and interesting city with many tall buildings and big cars, and full of 　15　 and busy people. I also decided right then that I had to learn to speak English.  

1. A. warm　　　　　　　　B. hot

C. cold                  D. cool

解析:根据空后“it was snowing”可知,天气很冷。

答案:C

2. A. school　              B. hotel

C. home                 D. office

解析:根据第3题空后一句可知,是去宾馆。

答案:B

3. A. parks                 B. satellites

C. beauty                 D. lakes

解析:“我”看到了摩天大楼等人造景观的美。

答案:C

4. A. Long before           B. Shortly after

C. Sooner or later           D. Then

解析:long before 很久以前;shortly after 不久以后,不一会儿;sooner or later 迟早;then 然后。结合语境可知B项正确。

答案:B

5. A. sentence            B. little

C. word　　              D. phrase

解析:根据文章最后一句可知,“我”一个英语单词都不会说。

答案:C

6. A. sounds              B. changes

C. voices　　              D. gestures

解析:make some gestures 做手势。

答案:D

7. A. hear                 B. understand

C. see 　                 D. serve

解析:服务员还是不明白“我”的意思。

答案:B

8. A. until               B. when

C. before　               D. after

解析:“我”沿着百老汇大街一直走到时代广场。

答案:A

9. A. stopped               B. tried

C. decided　　            D. continued

解析:“我”继续在纽约市区徜徉。

答案:D

10. A. something　　         B. everything

C. nothing　　            D. anything

解析:根据下文可知,此句意为“我想在第一天看到纽约的一切”。

答案:B

11. A. necessary　　         B. important

C. impossible               D. right

解析:第一天就把纽约看个遍是不可能的,但“我”想试一试。necessary 必要的;important 重要的;impossible 不可能的;right 正确的。结合句意可知C项正确。

答案:C

12. A. tired                  B. excited

C. surprised　　            D. pleased

解析:回到宾馆,感觉肯定是累的。tired 累的;excited 激动的;surprised 感到惊讶的;pleased 高兴的。结合句意可知A项正确。

答案:A

13. A. go out               B. eat out

C. have a bath               D. fall asleep

解析:虽然很累,但因为窗外火警声和警笛声无法入睡。go out 外出;eat out 出去吃饭;have a bath洗澡;fall asleep 入睡,睡着。结合句意可知D项正确。

答案:D

14. A. afraid                B. awake

C. aloud                   D. asleep

解析:afraid 害怕的;awake 清醒的,醒着的;aloud 大声地;asleep 睡着的。结合上句句意可知B项正确。

答案:B

15. A. noises                B. streets

C. places                  D. rivers

解析:根据上文可知,纽约市区喧嚣、嘈杂。

答案:A