精品解析：2023届甘肃省兰州市等5地高三下学期二模英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：2023届甘肃省兰州市等5地高三下学期二模英语试题（解析版），共20页。
2023年甘肃省第二次高考诊断考试
英语
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
考生注意：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号框涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号框。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Four Stylish Cottages to Book
Church Cottage
This three-bedroom cottage is just two minutes from the South West Coast Path. Enjoy magnificent views and cool air then return home to the comforts of handmade bedding and underfloor heating. The artwork is a highlight — there’s a selection of carefully chosen pieces by young British artists hanging on the cottage’s walls.
Details: Three nights £400 (churchcottage.cornwall.com)
Little Nut Cottage
A wood-burning stove and a hot tub for warming up after a hike around the hills-all the essentials are here at this cottage. There are many non-essentials, too, from an electric car-charging point to smart TVs. With high-tech facilities for entertaining, it’s probably one for a grown-up rather than a trip with kids.
Details: Three nights £ 600 (littlenutcottage.co.uk)
Henllys Farmhouse
This historic farmhouse is perfect for larger groups, sleeping 14 and with enough room to allow everyone their own space. It’s within walking distance of beautiful beaches, hills or autumnal woodland. Newport is nearby for shops, where you can have a delicious dinner.
Details: Three nights £ 700 (airbnb.co.uk)
The Craftsman Barn
It stands in a little comer of Praktyka, a farm near Bideford. Co-owner Ania offers jewellery-making workshops, but guests are encouraged to explore whatever creative pursuits they fancy.
Details: Two nights £ 200 (praktyka.co.uk)
1. Which cottage is a good choice for an art-lover?
A. Church Cottage. B. Little Nut Cottage.
C. Henllys Farmhouse. D. The Craftsman Barn.
2. What can people probably do at the Little Nut Cottage?
A. Buy special jewellery. B. Have a delicious dinner.
C. Enjoy hand-made bedding. D. Entertain with high-tech devices.
3. Which website can you visit to learn about the cheapest cottage?
A. airbnb.co.uk B. praktyka.co.uk
C. lttlenutcottage.co.uk D. churchcottage.cormwall.com
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个时髦的小屋的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Church Cottage部分中“The artwork is a highlight — there’s a selection of carefully chosen pieces by young British artists hanging on the cottage’s walls.(艺术品是一个亮点——小屋的墙上挂着英国年轻艺术家精心挑选的作品)”可知，Church Cottage是艺术爱好者的好选择。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Little Nut Cottage部分中“With high-tech facilities for entertaining, it’s probably one for a grown-up rather than a trip with kids.(这里有高科技的娱乐设施，可能更适合成年人，而不是带着孩子去旅行)”可知，人们在小坚果小屋可能会用高科技设备娱乐。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据四个小屋的价格分别是400英镑、600英镑、700英镑以及200英镑以及最后一部分“Details: Two nights £ 200 (praktyka.co.uk)(详情：两晚200英镑（praktyka.co.uk）)”，可知，你可以访问praktyka.co.uk了解最便宜的小屋。故选B。
B
For Jeannie, a mother of three living in New York City, kindness starts first thing in the morning. Though she doesn’t work until the afternoon, she gets up around 5 a.m. to spend some quality family time around the kitchen table before seeing her daughter off to school.
Jeannie makes a point to add kindness to every aspect of her life, from being a community member to parenting to her job. “I want to be a living example not just to my kids, but to anyone I come across,” she says. “I don’t wait to be kind. I just go forward.”
Growing up, Jeannie’s mother taught her the golden rule: treat others the way you want to be treated. Today, she has conveyed similar values to her own children. “And when we go grocery shopping, we always buy some extra food that we can offer to anyone we see who might be hungry.” she says.
Kindness comes in handy in Jeannie’s place of work, too. “I deal with various attitudes every single day,” she laughs. “I’m the one residents call when they need help. It’s important that they know that I’m there to listen and that I’m going to take care of them as quickly as possible.”
Not only does Jeannie’s family inspire her to be kind, but her community does, too. “I see little acts of kindness that continue to grow,” Jeannie explains. “Watching someone offer their seat to an elderly person or someone with a disability, or help someone else carry a stroller or shopping cart up the stairs - that’s how I grew up. Making the best of any and every situation, especially for others.”
4. Why does Jeannie get up as early as 5 a.m.?
A. To go to work early. B. To drive her daughter to school.
C. To help others in her community. D. To prepare breakfast for her family.
5. What does Jeannie do to help others?
A. By offering seats to others. B. By carrying a stroller for others.
C. By buying extra food for others. D. By cooking for homeless people.
6. What can we learn about Jeannie?
A. She’s the owner of a grocery store. B. She buys some extra food for herself.
C. She’s a mother of three college students. D. She’s always ready to help others in need.
7. What can be inferred about Jeannie’s community?
A. People there are friendly and nice. B. It is very convenient to shop there.
C. There are many elderly people there. D. The disabled are treated unfairly there.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Jeannie很善良，从社区成员到养育子女，再到工作，Jeannie坚持把善良融入生活的方方面面。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Though she doesn’t work until the afternoon, she gets up around 5 a.m. to spend some quality family time around the kitchen table before seeing her daughter off to school.(虽然她直到下午才工作，但她早上5点左右起床，在送女儿去学校之前，在厨房餐桌旁度过一些美好的家庭时光)”可知，珍妮早上5点就起床为她的家人准备早餐。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““And when we go grocery shopping, we always buy some extra food that we can offer to anyone we see who might be hungry.” she says.(“当我们去杂货店购物时，我们总是买一些额外的食物，我们可以提供给任何我们看到可能饥饿的人。”她说)”可知，珍妮通过给别人买额外的食物来帮助别人。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I’m the one residents call when they need help. It’s important that they know that I’m there to listen and that I’m going to take care of them as quickly as possible.(居民需要帮助的时候会找我。重要的是，他们知道我会在那里倾听，我会尽快照顾他们)”可知，珍妮总是乐于帮助有需要的人。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Not only does Jeannie’s family inspire her to be kind, but her community does, too. “I see little acts of kindness that continue to grow,” Jeannie explains. “Watching someone offer their seat to an elderly person or someone with a disability, or help someone else carry a stroller or shopping cart up the stairs - that’s how I grew up. Making the best of any and every situation, especially for others.”(不仅珍妮的家人鼓励她要善良，她的社区也鼓励她这样做。“我看到越来越多的小善举，”珍妮解释说。“看着别人给老人或残疾人让座，或者帮别人推婴儿车或购物车上楼——我就是这样长大的。在任何情况下都要做到最好，尤其是对别人。”)”可推知，社区的人都很友好。故选A。
C
Hundreds of little robots are rolling around colleges and cities in the United States, Britain and elsewhere. The robots, about 50 centimeters tall, are bringing food like pizza to hungry students.
The Starship robots were being tested in limited numbers before the pandemic started. But pandemic-related worker shortages and a desire for contactless delivery have expanded their use. “We saw demand for robot usage just go through the ceiling,” said Alastair. He is the head of Starship Technologies，whose robots recently made their 2 millionth delivery. “I think demand was always there, but it was brought forward by the pandemic effect.”
The Starship robots use cameras, sensors and GPS to move around and even cross streets on their own at the speed of 8 kilometers per hour. Operators keep watch on several robots at a time but they say they rarely need to stop or move them around a barrier. When a robot arrives, people enter a code from their phones to open the robot and get their food.
There are some limitations for now. The Starship robots have to be recharged regularly. They are slow and cannot travel far. They cannot leave food at the door. And big cities like New York and London are not welcoming them.
Maloney is the vice president at Domino’s Pizza. His company is testing robots from Nuro, a California-based company. The Nuro robots are about 1.8 meters tall and can travel at a top speed of 40 kilometers on streets, not sidewalks. Maloney said Nuro delivery costs more than using human drivers for now. But as the technology gets more popular, the costs will go down.
Witcher is a technology expert with Forrester. He said it is easy to get excited about robots. But they will need to prove to companies they are better than human delivery drivers. It is “the right time and place for companies considering robots to test them and learn from them and do their own evaluation.”
8. What does the underlined phrase “go through the ceiling” in par graph 2 mean?
A. Stay steady. B. Change quickly.
C Increase rapidly. D. Decline gradually.
9. What can we learn about the Starship robots?
A. They are popular in large cities.
B. They can cross streets on their own.
C. They should be recharged frequently.
D. They travel at a speed of 18 km per hour.
10. What does Maloney think of Nuro delivery?
A. It is cheap. B. It is promising.
C. It isn’t fast enough. D. It isn’t worth testing.
11. Which statement will Witcher probably agree with?
A. Robots should be tested and evaluated.
B. Robots should be applied in villages soon.
C. Robots should be put into massive production.
D. Robots are less popular because of the pandemic.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Starship机器人的相关情况。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“But pandemic-related worker shortages and a desire for contactless delivery have expanded their use. “We saw demand for robot usage just go through the ceiling,” said Alastair.(但与大流行相关的工人短缺和对非接触式递送的渴望扩大了它们的使用范围。阿拉斯泰尔说:“我们看到使用机器人的需求已经突破了天花板。)”可知，看到使用机器人的需求go through the ceiling，根据前面的expanded their use可知，扩大了机器人的使用范围，机器人的使用范围越广，说明对机器人的需求越大。A. Stay steady.保持稳定；B. Change quickly. 迅速改变；C. Increase rapidly.迅速增加；D. Decline gradually.逐渐下降。go through the ceiling表示“达到天花板”，说明是迅速增加，与C项含义相近。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The Starship robots use cameras, sensors and GPS to move around and even cross streets on their own at the speed of 8 kilometers per hour.(Starship机器人使用摄像头、传感器和GPS来移动，甚至以每小时8公里的速度自己过马路。)”可知，Starship机器人可以以每小时8公里的速度自己过马路，故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“His company is testing robots from Nuro, a California-based company.(他的公司正在测试加州Nuro公司的机器人。)”以及“Maloney said Nuro delivery costs more than using human drivers for now. But as the technology gets more popular, the costs will go down.(马洛尼表示，目前Nuro的送货成本比使用人类司机要高。但随着这项技术的普及，成本将会下降。)”可知，Maloney认为，虽然Nuro的送货成本现在比使用人类司机要高，但随着技术的普及，成本会下降。由此可推之，Maloney觉得Nuro很有前景。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It is “the right time and place for companies considering robots to test them and learn from them and do their own evaluation.”(“对于考虑使用机器人的公司来说，现在是测试它们、向它们学习并进行自己评估的合适时机和地点。”)”可知，Witcher认为现在是测试和评估机器人的合适时机。故选A项。
D
The first person to live to 150 may already have been born, according to scientists. Worldwide life expectancy has more than doubled in the last 200 years and recent research shows it yet to reach a peak. So, what will life look like living to see your great-great-grandchildren and beyond?
Longevity (长寿) is one of the modern world’s great successes and science is beginning to find evidence that our genes have a lot to do with whether we will live a longer life. Researchers at Harvard Medical School in the US are convinced they have found a so-called “longevity gene” and are testing whether the addition of this gene to mice extends their lives. The long-term aim is to find a way of controlling the gene to add an extra decade or two to human life with gene therapy.
But, what other factors can you adopt now to extend your life? Firstly, exercise regularly. Just 30 minutes of gentle exercise three times a week can add years to our life expectancy. Secondly, a little of what you like does you good! Scientists believe that having small amounts of things we would normally classify as harmful might be good for us, such as chocolate, coffee or sunbathing! Thirdly, where you live can influence your life. So try to live somewhere peaceful and quiet where you get on with your neighbours.
Other factors include eating a healthy diet high in fruit, vegetables, fibre and Omega-3 oils, and keeping an active mind. A sense of community can help too, keeping in touch with family and friends.
So, living to 150 might be a realistic expectation for teenagers today thanks to future scientific advances. There is a certain amount of destiny with the genes you are born with but also you can help yourself by ensuring you stay fit and healthy for longer.
12. What do researchers at Harvard focus on?
A. Diet. B. Mind. C. Gene. D. Exercise.
13. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A Supporting evidence for the research of genes.
B. Potential application of the research in Harvard.
C. A further explanation of the factors of longevity.
D. A reasonable doubt about the factors of longevity.
14. What is the author’s attitude towards living to 150?
A. Unclear. B. Optimistic. C. Indifferent. D. Pessimistic.
15. Which can be a suitable title of the text?
A. How to Live to 150 B. Genes Decide Lifetime
C. Stay Healthy by Exercise D. The Importance of Healthy Living
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人长寿的原因。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Researchers at Harvard Medical School in the US are convinced they have found a so-called “longevity gene” and are testing whether the addition of this gene to mice extends their lives.(美国哈佛医学院的研究人员确信，他们已经发现了一种所谓的“长寿基因”，并正在测试将这种基因添加到老鼠身上是否能延长它们的寿命。)”可知，哈佛医学院的研究人员关注于“长寿基因”。故选C项。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“But, what other factors can you adopt now to extend your life? Firstly, exercise regularly. Just 30 minutes of gentle exercise three times a week can add years to our life expectancy. Secondly, a little of what you like does you good! Scientists believe that having small amounts of things we would normally classify as harmful might be good for us, such as chocolate, coffee or sunbathing! Thirdly, where you live can influence your life. So try to live somewhere peaceful and quiet where you get on with your neighbours.(但是，你现在可以采取哪些其他因素来延长你的寿命呢？首先，经常锻炼。每周做三次30分钟的温和运动就能延长我们的寿命。其次，一点点你喜欢的东西对你有好处！科学家认为，少量我们通常认为有害的东西可能对我们有好处，比如巧克力、咖啡或日光浴！第三，你住的地方会影响你的生活。所以尽量住在一个和平、安静的地方，和你的邻居和睦相处。)”可知，文章第三段进一步介绍了长寿的其他原因，如经常锻炼、有一些自己喜欢的东西、住的地方等。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So, living to 150 might be a realistic expectation for teenagers today thanks to future scientific advances. (因此，由于未来的科学进步，对今天的青少年来说，活到150岁可能是一个现实的期望。)”可知，作者认为活到150岁可能是一个现实的期望。由此可推知，作者对于活到150岁是持乐观的态度。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读文章可知，文章第一段“The first person to live to 150 may already have been born, according to scientists.(据科学家称，第一个活到150岁的人可能已经出生了。)”提到了第一个活到150岁的人可能已经出生了；第二、三、四段分析了长寿的原因；最后一段提到了活到150岁是可能的。由此可知，本文主要介绍了如何让自己活到150岁。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Leave a book in a public place, so that someone else can pick it up and read it, then leave it again for another person. In an ideal situation, the book, once brought into the bookcrossing movement, can travel for years. ____16____
One can always go through bookshelves and find a few books that do not quite belong there anymore. ____17____Quite the opposite, bookcrossing is about giving books which you no longer like a new life. Someone will certainly like the books you did not enjoy.
After choosing the book you want to share with others, use its ISBN code or a title and register it at the official bookcrossing site. ____18____Either print a label or write the rules of bookcrossing on the first page of the book. Include the unique code.
____19____In big cities, there may be special bookcrossing zones that cafes and libraries choose to open. However, it is a frequent practice to leave books “in the wild”: on a bench in a park, or in a tourist spot. It is a good idea to pack the book in a transparent plastic bag, in case of the bad weather.
Once the book has been found and registered, you will get e-mails. You will keep getting them every time someone finds your book in the future. Since its launch in 2003，the movement has gathered over a million members who have sent almost eleven million books out to travel. ____20____A very noble goal, indeed!
A. Leave the book somewhere in public.
B. Attract the attention of potential readers.
C. Its purpose is to connect people through books.
D. You will get a unique code for the book from the site.
E. Are some authors fond of sending their own books around?
F. Must you contribute your favourite books to bookcrossing?
G And it changes owners around the world and spreads love for reading.
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. D 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了bookcrossing这一运动，介绍了如何让一本书加入bookcrossing，以及它的目的。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Leave a book in a public place, so that someone else can pick it up and read it, then leave it again for another person. In an ideal situation, the book, once brought into the bookcrossing movement, can travel for years.(把一本书放在公共场所，这样别人就可以拿起来读，然后再把它留给另一个人。在理想的情况下，书籍一旦被带入图书穿越运动，就可以旅行数年)”，空处位于段尾，应是对前文的总结，所以G项“And it changes owners around the world and spreads love for reading.(它在世界各地更换了主人，传播了对阅读的热爱)”是前文行为的结果，符合文意。故选G项。
【17题详解】
根据前文“One can always go through bookshelves and find a few books that do not quite belong there anymore.(一个人总是可以翻遍书架，找到一些不再属于那里的书)”以及后文“Quite the opposite, bookcrossing is about giving books which you no longer like a new life.(相反，bookcrossing指的是给你不再喜欢的书一个新的生命)”可知，空处是个过渡句，根据后文有新概念bookcrossing，而前文没有相关内容，所以应是在空处提出，所以F项“Must you contribute your favourite books to bookcrossing?(你一定要把你最喜欢的书捐献给bookcrossing吗?)”符合文意，起到过渡作用，其中bookcrossing为同词复现。故选F项。
【18题详解】
根据前文“After choosing the book you want to share with others, use its ISBN code or a title and register it at the official bookcrossing site.(在选择了你想与他人分享的书之后，使用它的ISBN代码或书名，并在官方的bookcrossing网站上注册)”可知，本段在讲述如何让一本书成为与他人分享的书，在根据后文“Either print a label or write the rules of bookcrossing on the first page of the book. Include the unique code.(要么打印一个标签，要么在书的第一页写上穿越书的规则。包含唯一代码)”可知，出现新的概念unique code，所以空处应提出这个概念，所以D项“You will get a unique code for the book from the site.(你会从网站上得到这本书的唯一代码)”起到承上启下的作用，符合本段主题，其中unique code为同词复现。故选D项。
【19题详解】
分析设空，空处位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“In big cities, there may be special bookcrossing zones that cafes and libraries choose to open. However, it is a frequent practice to leave books “in the wild”: on a bench in a park, or in a tourist spot. It is a good idea to pack the book in a transparent plastic bag, in case of the bad weather.(在大城市里，咖啡馆和图书馆可能会开辟专门的图书穿越区。然而，把书留在“野外”是一种常见的做法:在公园的长椅上，或者在旅游景点。把书装在透明的塑料袋里是个好主意，以防天气不好)”可知，本段主要讲述了，书籍注册好后，把它放在哪，所以A项“Leave the book somewhere in public.(把书放在公共场所)”符合本段主题，可作为中心句。故选A项。
【20题详解】
分析设空，空处位于段尾，应是对前文的总结，根据前文“Since its launch in 2003，the movement has gathered over a million members who have sent almost eleven million books out to travel.(自2003年发起以来，该运动已经聚集了超过100万名成员，他们已经向世界各地发送了近1100万本书)”可知，C项“Its purpose is to connect people through books.(它的目的是通过书籍将人们联系起来)”是对前文的总结，在根据后文“A very noble goal, indeed!(一个非常崇高的目标，的确!)”是对空处的评论，其中purpose和goal为同义词。故选C项。
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Like many great ideas, Mahoney’s started small. In 2014, a friend invited her to perform an act of kindness to old men as a Facebook challenge. So Wagner occurred to her, a kind senior who was not only busy helping young people in____21____, but also____22____at the homeless shelter.
Mahoney wanted to____23____Wagner better, so she asked to____24____a day together. “It was the first time in years that someone had made a day about him,” says Mahoney. Their____25____one-day experience made Mahoney think: How many other seniors might____26____that kind of devoted attention? And had some seniors delayed their own dreams because they had been____27____busy caring for others?
At the time, there was a student named Chisholm____28____at the pub. He was____29____interested, so they made a plan: to find local seniors with long time dreams and realize them. They soon settled on a(n)______30______for their new charity: We Are Young, or WAY for______31______.
By 2017, after organizing golf tournaments to______32______funds, they were ready to realize their first wish. Since then, WAY has realized 38 dreams______33______from taking a helicopter trip to______34______ a football game in Qatar. Seniors can apply; wishes are then assessed by a committee that looks at factors such as______35______conditions and financial need.
Although their______36______operates only in Nova Scotia, each WAY wish is recorded and spread through a video. Mahoney and Chisholm have their own______37______— the pair want people to be______38______to realize a dream for a senior. “We want to create a nationwide movement that______39______how we view and support seniors,” says Mahoney. “That is considered our social mission, and that is the difference our organization is trying to make to the______40______.”
21. A. need B. advance C. brief D. line
22. A. performed B. lived C. volunteered D. studied
23. A. introduce B. accompany C. interview D. know
24. A. waste B. spend C. wait D. save
25. A. sad B. fixed C. shared D. regretful
26. A. pay for B. take over C. count on D. benefit from
27. A. intentionally B. selflessly C. particularly D. luckily
28. A. working B. begging C. crying D. voting
29. A. hardly B. secretly C. randomly D. equally
30. A. address B. name C. advertisement D. poster
31. A. short B. certain C. free D. real
32. A. return B. owe C. refuse D. raise
33. A. learning B. differing C. ranging D. suffering
34. A. creating B. watching C. advertising D. inventing
35. A. physical B. natural C. emotional D. athletic
36. A. meeting B. class C. pub D. organization
37. A. skills B. dreams C. memories D. pains
38. A. inspired B. envied C. ordered D. appointed
39. A. ignores B. decreases C. changes D. punishes
40. A. conference B. experiment C. society D. job
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马奥尼和奇泽姆成立了“我们很年轻，简称WAY”的慈善组织，一起帮助老年人实现长期梦想的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是她想到了瓦格纳，一个善良的老人，他不仅忙于帮助有需要的年轻人，而且还在无家可归者收容所做志愿者。A. need需要；B. advance前进；C. brief简介；D. line线路。根据上文“So Wagner occurred to her, a kind senior who was not only busy helping young people”可知，此处指帮助有需要的年轻人。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是她想到了瓦格纳，一个善良的老人，他不仅忙于帮助有需要的年轻人，而且还在无家可归者收容所做志愿者。A. performed执行；B. lived活着；C. volunteered自愿；D. studied研究。根据上文“So Wagner occurred to her, a kind senior who was not only busy helping young people in____1____, but also”可知，瓦格纳心地善良，不仅帮助年轻人，而且还在无家可归者收容所做志愿者。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：马奥尼想更好地了解瓦格纳，所以她要求和瓦格纳共度一天。A. introduce介绍；B. accompany陪同；C. interview面试；D. know了解。根据下文“so she asked to____4____a day together.”可知，马奥尼想更好地了解瓦格纳。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：马奥尼想更好地了解瓦格纳，所以她要求和瓦格纳共度一天。A. waste浪费；B. spend花（钱或时间）；C. wait等待；D. save保存。根据下文“a day together”可知，此处指她要求和瓦格纳共度一天。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们共同的一天经历让马奥尼想：有多少其他老年人可能会从这种全身心的关注中受益？A. sad悲伤的；B. fixed固定的；C. shared共有的；D. regretful后悔的。根据上文“Mahoney wanted to____3____Wagner better, so she asked to____4____a day together.”可知，此处指他们共同的一天经历。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们共同的一天经历让马奥尼想：有多少其他老年人可能会从这种全身心的关注中受益？A. pay for支付；B. take over接管；C. count on计数；D. benefit from受益于。根据上文““It was the first time in years that someone had made a day about him,” says Mahoney.”可知，此处指马奥尼联想到其他老年人也可能会从这种全身心的关注中受益。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一些老年人是否因为无私地忙于照顾他人而推迟了自己的梦想？A. intentionally故意地；B. selflessly无私地；C. particularly特别是；D. luckily幸运的是。根据上文“some seniors delayed their own dreams”及下文“busy caring for others”可知，此处指一些老年人因为无私地忙于照顾他人而推迟了自己的梦想。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，有个叫奇泽姆的学生在酒吧工作。A. working工作；B. begging乞讨；C. crying哭泣；D. voting投票。根据空后“at the pub”可知，此处指在酒吧里工作。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他同样感兴趣，所以他们制定了一个计划：找到当地有长期梦想的老年人并实现它们。A. hardly几乎没有；B. secretly秘密地；C. randomly随机地；D. equally同样地。根据下文“so they made a plan: to find local seniors with long time dreams and realize them.”可知，奇泽姆和马奥尼同样感兴趣。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们很快就为他们的新慈善机构定了一个名字：我们很年轻，简称WAY。A. address地址；B. name名字；C. advertisement广告；D. poster海报。根据下文“We Are Young, or WAY for_____11_____.”可知，此处指他们给自己的新慈善机构定了一个名字。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们很快就为他们的新慈善机构定了一个名字：我们很年轻，简称WAY。A. short简短的；B. certain确定的；C. free免费的；D. real真实的。根据上文“We Are Young, or WAY”可知，此处指简称为WAY，固定搭配for short“简称”。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2017年，在组织高尔夫比赛筹集资金后，他们准备实现第一个愿望。A. return返回；B. owe欠；C. refuse拒绝；D. raise筹集。根据空后“funds”可知，此处指筹集资金。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，WAY已经实现了38个梦想，从乘坐直升机旅行到在卡塔尔观看足球比赛。A. learning学习；B. differing不同于；C. ranging(在一定的范围内)变化；D. suffering遭受。根据下文“from taking a helicopter trip to_____14_____ a football game in Qatar.”可知，此处是固定搭配range from...to...“范围从……到……”。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，WAY已经实现了38个梦想，从乘坐直升机旅行到在卡塔尔观看足球比赛。A. creating创造；B. watching观看；C. advertising做广告；D. inventing发明。根据空后“a football game in Qatar”可知，此处指在卡塔尔观看足球比赛。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老年人可以申请；然后，一个委员会会根据身体状况和经济需求等因素对愿望进行评估。A. physical身体的；B. natural天然的；C. emotional情绪化的；D. athletic运动的。根据上文“Seniors can apply”及常识可知，委员会会根据身体状况和经济需求等因素对愿望进行评估。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他们的组织只在新斯科舍省运作，但每个WAY愿望都被记录下来，并通过视频传播。A. meeting会议；B. class等级；C. pub酒吧；D. organization组织。根据上文“They soon settled on a(n)_____10_____for their new charity: We Are Young, or WAY for_____11_____.”可知，此处指他们成立的慈善组织。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：马奥尼和奇泽姆有自己的梦想——他们希望人们受到启发，实现一个老年人的梦想。A. skills技能；B. dreams梦想；C. memories记忆；D. pains疼痛。根据上文语境可知，他们一直在帮助老年人实现梦想，由空前“Mahoney and Chisholm have their own”可知，此处指他们有自己的梦想。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：马奥尼和奇泽姆有自己的梦想——他们希望人们受到启发，实现一个老年人的梦想。A. inspired启发；B. envied羡慕；C. ordered命令；D. appointed任命。根据下文““We want to create a nationwide movement that_____19_____how we view and support seniors,” says Mahoney.”可知，他们希望人们能够受到启发。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们希望发起一场全国性的运动，改变我们看待和支持老年人的方式，”马奥尼说。A. ignores忽略；B. decreases减少；C. changes改变；D. punishes惩罚。根据下文“That is considered our social mission, and that is the difference our organization is trying to make to the_____20_____.”可知，此处指改变我们看待和支持老年人的方式。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这被认为是我们的社会使命，这也是我们组织试图给社会带来的改变。A. conference会议；B. experiment实验；C. society社会；D. job工作。根据上文“That is considered our social mission”可知，此处指给社会带来的改变。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Here is a little tale about the Chinese zodiac ____41____(know) as Shengxiao, and ____42____the rat became the first sign.
Legends tell us there was a great race between the ____43____(animal) to decide the order of the lunar calendar. The finish line laid on a vast river, but the cunning rat hitched a ride on ox’s shoulder, singing a song to make a go faster, and got to ____44____opposite bank without even ____45____(get) his feet wet. Just before the finish line he quickly jumped off and slipped ahead to take first place. Diligent ox came second while ____46____(speed) tiger and rabbit in third and fourth. Parting the clouds, brave dragon flew into fifth with small snake moving just behind. They ____47____(follow) by horse and sheep, two kind and modest animals who each let the other go first. Monkey had fallen behind but made up ground to come ____48____(nine), while rooster, dog and pig killed the last three places. With the race over and the places ____49____(decide), the 12-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac came ____50____being.
【答案】41. known
42. how##why
43. animals
44. the 45. getting
46. speedy 47. were followed
48. ninth 49. decided
50. into
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了关于中国十二生肖的小故事，以及为什么老鼠会成为第一个星座。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这里有一个关于中国十二生肖“生肖”的小故事，以及为什么老鼠会成为第一个生肖。be known as固定搭配，意为“被称为”，此处应用过去分词known作后置定语，修饰the Chinese zodiac。故填known。
【42题详解】
考查宾语从句连接词。句意：这里有一个关于中国十二生肖“生肖”的小故事，以及为什么老鼠会成为第一个生肖。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句结构完整，应该用连接副词引导，根据句意，此处即可译为“为什么老鼠会成为第一个生肖”也可译为“老鼠如何成为第一个生肖”，所以即可用how引导也可以用why引导。故填how或者why。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：传说动物之间有一场伟大的比赛来决定农历的顺序。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词the，所以空处应填名词，animal意为“动物”，为可数名词，根据句意可知，不止一个动物，应用复数形式。故填animals。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：终点是一条大河，狡猾的老鼠骑在牛的肩上，唱着歌加快了速度，脚都没湿就到了对岸。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：the opposite bank意为“对岸”。故填the。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：终点是一条大河，狡猾的老鼠骑在牛的肩上，唱着歌加快了速度，脚都没湿就到了对岸。分析句子结构可知，此处是without引导的复合结构，get的逻辑主语是rat，两者是主动关系，应该用现在分词形式。故填getting。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“勤奋的公牛”名列第二，“敏捷的老虎”和“兔子”名列第三和第四。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，speed的形容词形式是speedy。故填speedy。
【47题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：紧随其后的是马和羊，这是两种善良而谦虚的动物，它们都让对方先走。分析句子结构，根据空后的by可知，they和动词follow是被动关系，此处应用被动语态，描述的是过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时，主语是they。故填were followed。
【48题详解】
考查数词。句意：猴子落后了，但取得了第九名的成绩，而公鸡、狗和猪排在了最后三位。分析句子结构可知，此处表达“第九名”之意，应该用序数词。故填ninth。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着比赛的结束和排名的确定，中国十二生肖的12年周期应运而生。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词came，此处是with复合结构，宾语the place和动词decide是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动，作宾语补足语。故填decided。
【50题详解】
考查介词。句意：随着比赛的结束和排名的确定，中国十二生肖的12年周期应运而生。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：come into being意为“诞生”。故填into。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线( \)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Karl,
How’s everything going? I’m writing to share you a brilliant thing.
I win the first prize in the Music Star Festival to held by my school last week. The song I sang was the Red Sun by David Lee. I chose a song because of the inspiration it took me. Every time I enjoy it I feel something warmth flowing in my heart. I can’t emphasize the importance of others’ encouragement too much. Not only can they make me happy, but also can encourage me to keep moving. When I were under pressure, I choose to listen to the song and catch my breathe.
I do hope you also like the song. Do you have any songs that encourage you? Looking forward to you early reply.
Yours,
Jack
【答案】1.在share后加with
2.win→won
3.去掉to
4.a→the
5.took→brought
6.warmth→warm
7.they→it
8.were→am
9.breathe→breath
10.you→your
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，作者和Karl分享了自己在学校举办的音乐节上获得了第一名这件事。
【详解】1.考查介词。句意：我写这封信是想和你分享一件很棒的事情。share with sb. sth.是固定短语，意为“与某人分享某物”，故在share后加with。
2.考查时态。句意：上周，我在学校举办的音乐节上获得了第一名。由last week可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，win用过去式，故将win改为won。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：上周，我在学校举办的音乐节上获得了第一名。本句谓语是won，hold用非谓语动词，Music Star Festival和hold之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词held表被动，故去掉to。
4.考查冠词。句意：我选择这首歌是因为它给我带来了灵感。此处song是第二次提到，因此前面用定冠词the，故将a改为the。
5.考查动词。句意：我选择这首歌是因为它给我带来了灵感。根据语境可知，句子表示“我选择这首歌是因为它给我带来了灵感”，take表示“带走”，bring表示“带来”，过去式是brought，故将took改为brought。
6.考查形容词。句意：每次我享受它，我感到温暖在我的心流动。修饰不定代词something要用形容词warm，作后置定语，故将warmth改为warm。
7.考查代词。句意：它不仅能让我快乐，还能鼓励我继续前进。本句表示“别人的鼓励不仅能让我快乐，还能鼓励我继续前进”，encouragement是不可数名词，用it指代前面的“encouragement”，故将they改为it。
8.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我有压力的时候，我选择听这首歌，喘口气。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是I，因此后面用am，故将were改为am。
9.考查名词。句意：当我有压力的时候，我选择听这首歌，喘口气。my后要用名词breath，是不可数名词，catch one’s breath意为“喘口气”，故将breathe改为breath。
10.考查物主代词。句意：期待您的早日回复。本句中“early reply”意为“早日回复”，是名词性短语，前面用your修饰，故将you改为your。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 下周，澳大利亚学生代表团将来你校参观访问，学生会邀请你代表全体学生向他们介绍一位中国名人，请根据以下提示写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1 Who are you going to introduce?
2. What is special about him/her?
3 What big events did he/she experience in his/her life or what great achievements did he/ she get?
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.请拟一个合适的演讲标题。
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【答案】 Iron Hammer
Hello, you guys. Welcome to China. Today I’m more than glad to introduce to you a famous person in China — Lang Ping, who is one of China’s most recognized athletes.
She has been a valuable star for over 35 years. She played on national volleyball team during the 1980s. Her strong playing style earned her the name Iron Hammer. She achieved a series of success, including the gold medal at the 1984 Olympics.
After retiring in 1986, she has been successful as a volleyball coach in the US and Italy. However, her commitment to China brought her back home. In 1995, she became the coach of the women’s national team and finally helped the team win the 2015 World Cup. There is no doubt that she is one of the greatest athletes in China. That’s all. Thank you!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇演讲稿，给澳大利亚学生代表团介绍一位中国名人。内容包括：
1. Who are you going to introduce?
2. What is special about him/her?
3. What big events did he/she experience in his/her life or what great achievements did he/ she get?
【详解】1.词汇积累
非常：more than→very
著名的：famous→ well-known
赢得：earn→win
奉献：commitment→ devotion
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：After retiring in 1986, she has been successful as a volleyball coach in the US and Italy.
拓展句：After she retired in 1986, she has been successful as a volleyball coach in the US and Italy.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Today I’m more than glad to introduce to you a famous person in China — Lang Ping, who is one of China’s most recognized athletes.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】There is no doubt that she is one of the greatest athletes in China.（运用了there is no doubt that句型，that引导同位语从句）