高考英语易错题精编 易错点10 名词性从句 (解析版）

这是一份高考英语易错题精编 易错点10 名词性从句 (解析版），共21页。
高考易错题的重要性
高考冲刺阶段，除了知识点的总结，进行模块化的复习和整理以外，对于易错的题型也是冲刺阶段必备的。复习板块之一。我们通常都说冲刺阶段一定要回归课本，对于基础的知识点以及知识的应用能力的提高是迫在眉睫的。那么易错体对于提升知识的应用能力以及巩固基础来说是非常重要的一个环节。
首先，冲刺阶段的易错题能够帮助我们快速的查缺补漏，总结经验教训，知识梳理，提高知识的应用能力。
其次，通过对错题分析，其中涉及到的知识点以及考点的分析与总结，它能够减少我们复习过程当中同类型的题或者是同一知识点的犯错频率。
第三，对于错题集的复习，最简单的方法就是盖住答案，然后重新来做一遍，从分析的角度条件的分析以及技巧的使用三个方面进行逐一的排除。
第四，在这些错题当中，并非所有的错题都是每个同学易错的，那么在第一遍的错题复习当中，我们就要进行排除，筛选出符合自己特点错题及其针对性也才更强。
如果自己已经完全掌握的，那么就当是对于知识点的再一次复习。这样的错题对于提升自己的能力来说也才是起到了最大的作用。


专题10 名词性从句
易错题【01】连接代词what的误用
易错题【02】连接副词的误用
易错题【03】同位语从句和定语从句的误用

01 连接代词what的误用
（2020·浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。
【问诊】考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
【答案】what
【叮嘱】what可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语等。它引导名词性从句时有两个意思：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“……所……的”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。
Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想要成功，要相信我们所做的事情和我们是谁。

1.（2020·天津卷）The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。
2. 【2018·北京】This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
3.【2017·江苏】 We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句的引导词。＂half of _________ it used to charge＂是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选C。
4.（2021.6新高考1卷）Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song "The Long and Winding Road".      1      is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
【答案】what
【解析】1： 考查名词性从句。分析题目，空格处无提示词。分子句子结构可知，_____is so breathing about the experience 作 is 的主语，为主语从句。从句中缺少主语，指代事情；且空格位于句首。故填What。
02 连接副词的误用
【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是对句子结构不清楚。
【问诊】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
【答案】where
【叮嘱】引导名词性从句的连接副词有when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever 等，它们均在从句中作状语。
I have no idea when she will be back.
我不知道她何时回来。
I've been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting.
我一直考虑我们如何能使报纸更有趣。
That's why I want you to work there.
那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
Wherever he goes makes his parents worry.
他无论去哪儿父母都担心。

1.【2018·北京】Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
2.【2018·江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。
3.【2018·新课标II卷·短文改错】The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
【答案】where改为when
【解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把where改为when。
03 同位语从句
【2019·江苏卷】Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
【错因】本题容易出错的主要原因是同位语从句用法不熟。
【问诊】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
【答案】B
【叮嘱】
同位语从句,指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，属于名词性从句的范畴，同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系（即被解释说明的词=同位语）
1.同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步解释、说明该名词的具体内容。同位语从句常跟在名词idea, fact, news, hope, thought, suggestion等抽象名词之后；
2. 连接词that不能省略，无意义无成分；
3. 用whether而不用if引导同位语从句；
4. 连接代词who(m), which, what，whose在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；
5. 连接副词where, when, why, how在从句作状语。
6.分割式同位语从句：同位语从句有时被别的词或短语把它和名词隔开：（谓语较短，同位语从句较长）。
eg：The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.
7.若被同位语从句说明的名词是：advice, suggestion, proposal(建议), demand, request, requirement, order(命令)等表示建议、命令、要求的词时，同位语从句的谓语用"(should)+do"。
8.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）
（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）
（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）

1.【2019·新课标I卷】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
2.【2016·天津】The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。此处使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句的成分和意思都是完整的，故用that引导，that不作成分，只起连接作用。故选B。
错
高考真题在线
1.（2021.3 天津卷）What puzzles Lily's friends is            she always has so many crazy  ideas.
A. whether B. why C. what D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。A. whether是否；B.why为什么；C. what什么； D.when什么时间，当……的时候。分析成分结构句子，该空需要一个表语从句的连接词。再结合句意可知，应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选：B。
2.（2020江苏高考真题）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
A. whether B. why C. when D. where
【答案】A
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. when什么时候；D. where在哪里。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。
2. （2020天津高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。
4.（2020浙江高考真题）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
5.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
6.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
7.【2018·北京】Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
8.【2018·北京】15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
9.【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。
10.【2018·江苏】21. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。
11.【2017·北京】23. Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：A. whatever 任何事 B. whoever 任何人 C. whomever 任何人 D. whichever无论哪个。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除A、D，因为需要作主语，只能用主格代词who+ever，故选B。
12.【2017·北京】26. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.
A. why B. where C. how D. when
【答案】B
试题分析：A. why 为什么 B. where 在哪 C. how 如何 D. when什么时候。句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处是表地点的，很容易就可选出答案B。
13.【2017·江苏】26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句的引导词。＂half of _________ it used to charge＂是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选C。
14.【2017·天津】4. She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认。我还没有还。A.什么时候；B.在哪里；C是否；D.什么。根据句意，故选C
考点：考查宾语从句。
高考模拟真题在线
1．What students do at college seems to matter much more than _______ they go.
2．Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for _______ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
3．This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
4．What has caused great confusion is ____________ the scientist made it without anyone else’s help.
5．A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not___ships are built for.
6．He is shy and quiet. However, ______ he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.
7．______ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
8．____________ we will go camping or not depends on the weather.
9．I truly believe___beauty comes from within.
10．The key to becoming happy is________ you treat your life and work.
11．As John Lennon once said, life is____happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
12．However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached ___________ looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.
13．________ left the door unlocked must be responsible for the accident.
14．____________ developing countries need to do is to stop poverty by fighting the causes of it.
15．Some people believe____has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
16．My parents have always made it clear ________ we shouldn’t judge a book by its cover.
17．When asked about ___________ inspired her to show such kindness towards a stranger, she simply shrugged and said, “I just try to do something nice.”
18．It is not a problem______________we can win the battle;it's just a matter of time.
19．I really want to know ________ you are waiting for at the school gate at present since all the other students have left after school.
20．Mike was not sure whether his friend ________ (lend) him the book the next morning.
21．It’s not what you have in your life but________you have in your life that matters.
22．One reason why there are so many French words in English is _____ the French ruled England for quite a number of years.
23．It is possible ______caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
24．He didn’t finish his homework.That is ________he was punished by the teacher.
25．________ all of them didn’t act on her suggestion made her confused for a long time.
26． _________________ leaves the classroom last should turn off the computer.
27．The data tell us that ________ matters most for happiness is not having a lot of things but having healthy values.
28．It is recognised ________ the environmental pollution has become more and more serious.
29．The problem is ________ can take the place of her.
30．We are living in __________ is called the information age，but we human beings always lack real communication.
31．From space, the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water.
32．________ book she likes will be given to her as long as she helps clean the bookshelf.
33．The two cars are racing close together — it's unclear________ will be the champion.
34．I realized that I had been transported into the future of __________ was still my hometown.
35．Sometimes, I really doubt ________ there is love between my parents. Every day they try to earn money in order to pay the high tuition for my brother.
36．He doubted ________ they would be able to help.
37．First, Adam had to think very carefully about ____ courses he wanted to take.
38．His teacher doesn't understand__________he was not as careful as usual during the exam. (用适当单词填空)
39．_________is really interesting is that there are sometimes great cultural differences even between native speakers.
40．And this is, when my taxi driver told me, ________ I now call, “The Law of the Garbage Truck.”
41．______ he will come here or not is none of my business.
42．___________ I do remember is the overwhelming feeling of happiness that washed over me.
43．______will be responsible for the car accident is still under investigation.
44．He's more of a talker than a doer. This is ________ he never finishes anything.
45．Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _____ worries the public.
46．There is no doubt ____the wooden chair is much stronger than the plastic one you bought yesterday.
47．This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
48．Be sure to be with a strong awareness that you are ______you eat!
49．_________ I like about him is that he is really witty and bubbly.
50．But the good news is______ some mountaineers are overtaking it to clean up Qomolangma.
参考答案：
1．where
考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。本句为宾语从句，从句中表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
【点睛】
名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。
2．what
考查宾语从句。句意：读了她的传记，我对Doris Lessing在文学上所取得的成就赞叹不已。分析句子结构可知,介词for后需用连接词引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，表述具体的内容，所以空处需用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。
3．what
考查表语从句。这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望“_________ my father has taught me”是表语从句，该空在从句中做teach的宾语，表示“父亲教我的道理”，故填what。
4．how
考查表语从句。句意：让人困惑的是，这位科学家在没有任何人帮助的情况下是如何做到这一点的。分析句子可知，“______ the scientist made it without anyone else’s help”是表语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故填how。
5．what
考查名词性从句。句意：船停泊在港口里是安全的，但那可不是造船的目的。分析句子结构可知，设空处位于系动词is后面，引导表语从句，从句中for后面缺少宾语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
6．what
考查主语从句。句意：他很害羞安静，然而，他在会议上所说的话让在场的每个人都震惊了。本句是主语从句，主句的谓语动词是surprised，从句缺少主语，根据句意，what表示“什么”符合句意，故填what。
7．When
考查主语从句。句意：延误的航班何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。此处引导主语从句，从句缺少时间状语，应使用when引导。故填When。
8．Whether
考查连词。句意：我们是否要去露营取决于天气如何。本句是主语从句，谓语动词是depends，从句部分缺少“是否”的意思，根据后文的or not，可知填连词whether，故填Whether。
9．that
考查宾语从句。句意：我真的相信美来自内部。分析句子可知，设空处引导宾语从句，从句部分不缺少任何成分也不缺意思，故填that。
10．how
考查表语从句。句意：快乐的关键在于你如何对待生活和工作。分析句子结构和句意可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”应用how。故填how。
11．what
考查表语从句。句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经所说，生活就是在你忙于制订其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。分析句子可知，设空处引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语，故填what。
12．what
考查宾语从句。句意：然而，当我们到达了看起来像一个大市场的地方，我没看见王平，因为太多的车厢从四面八方飞来。分析句子可知，空格处引导宾语从句，作reach的宾语，从句缺少主语，表示“的地方”用what引导从句，故填what。
13．Whoever
考查主语从句。句意：不管是谁没锁门，都必须为这次事故负责任。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“任何人，无论是谁”，应用whoever引导主语从句。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Whoever。
14．What
考查主语从句。句意：发展中国家需要做的是通过消除贫困的根源来消除贫困。此处为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，结合句意“发展中国家需要做的”可知应用what引导，句首单词首字母要大写。故填What。
15．whatever
考查宾语从句。句意：一些人认为，无论是曾经发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情，都会在将来重演。设空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“无论……的事情”，故填whatever。
16．that
考查名词性从句。句意：我的父母总是明确表示我们不应该以貌取人。分析句子结构可知，该句中it为形式宾语，而真正的宾语为that引导的从句。注意：此处的that不能省略。根据句意，故填that。
17．what
考查宾语从句引导词。句意：当被问及是什么促使她对一个陌生人表现出如此善良时，她只是耸了耸肩说：“我只是想做点好事。”观察所给句子可知，asked about后为宾语从句，其中缺少主语成分，用what引导。故填what。
18．whether
考查主语从句的连接词。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故答案为whether。
19．who/whom
考查宾语从句。句意：我真的很想知道你现在在学校门口等谁，因为其他的学生都放学走了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作for的宾语，表示“谁”，可用who/whom来引导该宾语从句。故填who/whom。
20．would lend
考查时态。句意：迈克不确定他的朋友第二天早上是否会把书借给他。分析句子结构可知，此处whether引导的是宾语从句，本句主句的be动词是was，所以空处从句的谓语动词需用过去的某一种时态，由时间状语the next morning.可知，空处谓语动词需用过去将来时态：would do，表示过去看将要发生的动作。故填would lend。
21．who
考查强调句型的用法和主语从句。句意：重要的不是你在生活中拥有什么而是你拥有谁。题干中not what you have in your life but ________you have in your life是强调句中的被强调部分，根据前者的what，判断but后的从句中缺少have的宾语，指人。故用who。
22．that
考查表语从句。句意：英语中有这么多法语单词的一个原因是法国人统治了英国很长一段时间。此处放在系动词is后面为句法完整的句子，用that引导表语从句。故填that。
23．that
考查主语从句的引导词。句意：咖啡因也有可能导致人类的出生缺陷。分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。故填that。
24．why
考查连词。句意：他没有完成家庭作业，这就是为什么他被老师惩罚。本句是表语从句，根据句意，从句缺少原因状语，故填why。
25．Why
考查主语从句。句意：为什么他们都不按她的建议行动让她困惑了很久。分析句子结构可知，_________ all of them didn’t act on her suggestion为主语从句，从句中缺少原因状语从句，表示“为什么”，应用why来引导该主语从句。故填why。
26．Whoever
考查名词性从句。句意：无论谁最后一个离开教室都要关了电脑。这句话中，_____leaves the classroom last 充当主语从句，并且从句中缺主语，又根据句意，此空代指的是人，指的是无论谁并且不含有疑问语气，故填whoever。
27．what
考查主语从句连接词。句意：数据告诉我们，幸福最重要的不是拥有很多东西，而是拥有健康的价值观。分析句子可知，that引导的宾语从句中“ ___________matters most for happiness”是主语，由此可知设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指“......的事”应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
28．that
考查主语从句。句意：人们认识到环境污染已变得越来越严重。分析句子结构可知，这是一个主语从句结构，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是从句“ the environmental pollution has become more and more serious.”，且该从句句意完整，也不缺少主语和宾语，因此，该从句应该用that引导。故填that。
29．who
考查表语从句。句意：问题是谁能代替她。分析句子可知，空格处引导表语从句，连接代词who引导从句，在从句中作主语，指人，符合句意。故填who。
30．what
考查从属连词。句意：我们生活在所谓的信息时代，但我们人类总是缺乏真正的交流。分析句子结构，“_____ is called the information age”是介词宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。故填what。
31．because
考查表语从句。句意：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为大约百分之七十一的表面被水覆盖。分析句子可知，be动词后接表语从句。根据句意，用关系词because。故填because。
32．Whichever
【解析】
【分析】
本题考查语法语境应用能力。
【详解】
考查主语从句引导词。句意：只要她肯帮忙清理书架，她无论喜欢哪一本书都会给她。由句意可知，“________ book she likes”为主语从句，从句中主语为“she”，谓语动词“likes”，“________ book”为宾语，结合句意可知，应是“无论哪本书”含义，“book”前缺少形容词定语。“whichever”可用于引导名词性从句，相当于“any…that”，其意为“无论哪个”，“随便哪个”，可以后面跟一个名词，构成主语或宾语，因为它本身是形容词的词性。故填Whichever。
33．which
考查主语从句。句意：这两辆车的距离很近，尚不清楚哪一个将成为冠军。分析句子结构可知，it为形式主语，而真正的主语为空处引导的从句，在从句中缺少主语，表示“哪一个”应用which。故填which。
34．what
考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：我意识到我被传送到了我家乡的未来。分析句子可知，what后面是宾语从句，作of 的宾语，且what充当宾语从句的主语。故填what。
35．whether/if
考查宾语从句。句意：有时候，我真的怀疑我的父母之间是否有爱。为了给我哥哥支付高昂的学费，他们每天都努力赚钱。空处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用whether或if来引导。故填whether/if。
36．whether/if
考查宾语从句。句意：他怀疑他们是否能帮忙。空处引导宾语从句，从句中结构完整，表示“是否”应用whether或if引导。故填whether/if。
37．which
考查宾语从句引导词。句意：首先，Adam必须非常仔细地考虑他想选择哪些课程。分析句子可知，空格处引导宾语从句作think about的宾语，连接（形容词性）代词which，意为“哪个；哪些”，修饰名词courses，符合句意。故填which。
38．why
考查名词性从句。句意：他的老师不理解他为什么考试时不像平时那样认真。分析句子结构，该句为why引导的宾语从句且在从句中作状语，表原因，故填why。
39．What
考查主语从句。句意：真正有趣的是，有时甚至在以英语为母语的人之间也存在巨大的文化差异。本句是两个复合句，前半句是主语从句，后半句是that引导的表语从句，主语从句部分缺少主语，结合句意，应用what，故填What。
40．what
考查表语从句。句意：这就是我的出租车司机告诉我的，我现在称之为“垃圾车定律”。分析句子成分可知，“when my taxi driver told me”是插入语，“this is”后面跟的是表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且表示“什么”，应用what。故填what。
41．Whether
考查连接词。句意：他会不会来这里不关我的事。固定搭配wheter...or not...“是否”，因其处于句首，所以首字母大写。引导主语从句。故填Whether。
42．What
考查主语从句。句意：我所记得的是那种压倒一切的幸福的感觉。分析句子结构可知此处为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“所记得的”应用what引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填What。
43．who
考查主语从句引导词。句意：谁应该为这次事故负责仍在调查中。分析句子可知这是一个主语从句，缺主语，根据句意可知此处主语为人，故填who。
44．why
考查表语从句。句意：他说得多，做得少。这就是他为什么从来完不成任何事情（的原因）。分析句子可知，设空处引导表语从句，从句成分完整，但缺少“为什么”之意，应用连接副词why引导。故填why。
45．what
考查表语从句。句意：公众担心的是是否能找到阻止污染的方法。本句是表语从句，从句缺少主语，结合句意，此处表示让公众担心的事情，需要用what连接，故填what。
46．that
考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问，这把木椅比你昨天买的塑料椅结实得多。There is no doubt that…为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，从句成分和意义都完整，故此处that引导同位语从句。故填that。
47．what
考查名词性从句。句意：这就是我父亲教给我的——总是面对困难，抱着最好的希望。在表语从句中缺少taught的宾语，根据“to always face difficulties and hope for the best”可知，此处是指道理，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
48．what
考查连接代词。句意：一定要有一个强烈的意识，你吃什么就是什么!本句整体是祈使句；that引导的是同位语从句，解释awareness的具体内容；在同位语从句中缺少连接词，且eat后缺少宾语，表示“你吃的东西”，故填what。
49．What
考查主语从句。句意：我喜欢他的一点是他真的很机智和活泼。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导主语从句，空后主语从句缺少宾语，表示喜欢的内容，所以空处需用连接代词what引导主语从句，句首单词首字母需大写。故填What。
50．that
考查表语从句。句意：但好消息是一些登山者现在正在从事清扫珠穆朗玛峰的工作。分析句子机构可知，此处是表语从句，从句some mountaineers are overtaking it to clean up Qomolangma的句子成分和句意都是完整的，所以用连接词that。故填that。
语法填空
A(名词性从句专练)
1．________worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is 2.________she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill.She has some doubts 3.________she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar.Also，with the College Entrance Examination approaching，she becomes more stressful and she can't sleep well these days.Maybe this is 4.________she becomes fatter these days，she thinks.5.________she becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main task.So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions.But where she could get better suggestions and 6.________will give her better advice also puzzle her.It is her parents' suggestion 7.________she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital.Professor Wang suggests 8.________she keep a balanced diet first.She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber，vitamin and protein.What's more，if she wants to lose weight，she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day.Mary asked Professor Wang 9.________she should take exercise.Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 o'clock in the afternoon.That is 10.________she will have more time to do sports.It is with the help of Professor Wang that Mary has become much healthier now.
答案1.What　2.that　3.whether　4.why　5.How 6．who　7.that　8.that　9.when　10.because
B
[2020·福建高三毕业班质量检查]
No one is sure how many Americans belong to reading groups called book clubs.Yet1.___________(publisher) and bookstores report that more and more people throughout the United States are joining2.___________(they)．
Most of the clubs work the same way.Members read the same book at the same time.Then they meet to talk about the book.Members may be friends or people3.________live near each other.Some Americans belong to reading groups on4.________Internet.These groups include people around the world who communicate about books they read.They send electronic mails instead of gathering5.___________(discuss) books.
Most reading groups study books by6.___________(variety) writers.However，some groups read the work of a single writer，7.___________(usual) one that has been famous for a while.Other groups may8.___________(name) after an important person in the work of the writer，9.________a Sherlock Holmes Club.Members of these book clubs often are experts about their10.___________(choose) reading materials.One member of a Holmes reading group，for example，can identify almost every person in every Sherlock Holmes story.
答案：1.publishers　2.them　3.who/that　4.the 5．to discuss　6.various　7.usually　8.be named 9．like　10.chosen，