所属成套资源:中考英语一轮复习语法专项练习
中考英语一轮复习语法专项练专题01-名词(2份打包,教师版+原卷版)
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专题01-名词备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法专项练(通用版) 一、单项选择1.—Who’s that girl on the sofa?—She’s ________ sister Emma.A.Bob and Frank B.Bob’s and Frank’s C.Bob and Frank’s D.Bob’s and Frank【答案】C【详解】句意:——沙发上的那个女孩是谁?——她是鲍勃和弗兰克的妹妹艾玛。考查名词所有格。Bob and Frank鲍勃和弗兰克;Bob’s and Frank’s鲍勃的和弗兰克的;Bob and Frank’s鲍勃和弗兰克共同的;Bob’s and Frank鲍勃的和弗兰克。根据“She”可知,只有一个女孩,应该是共同拥有的。故选C。2.I’d like to buy some ________ in the supermarket.A.chicken and potatoes B.chickens and potato C.chicken and potato D.chickens and potatos【答案】A【详解】句意:我想在超市买一些鸡肉和土豆。考查名词辨析。chicken鸡肉;potato土豆。chicken作“鸡肉”讲时,不可数名词;potato是可数名词,复数是potatoes;some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。故选A。3.From my ________ on the top of the TV tower, I can have a perfect view of our city.A.tradition B.condition C.position D.situation【答案】C【详解】句意:从我在电视塔顶部的位置,我可以完美地看到我们的城市。考查名词辨析。tradition传统;condition条件;position位置;situation形式,情况。根据“on the top of the TV tower,”可知,此处是要表示一个位置。故选C。4.What a good ________ you’ve given me! Thanks a lot.A.information B.news C.suggestion D.advice【答案】C【详解】句意:你给了我一个多么好的建议啊!非常感谢。考查名词辨析。information信息,不可数名词;news新闻,不可数名词;suggestion建议,可数名词;advice建议,不可数名词。根据“What a good ... you’ve given me!”可知,what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!;结合选项,应用suggestion。故选C。5.Look at the two ________ over there. They are teaching the boys to play the piano.A.women teachers B.woman teacher C.woman teachers D.womans teachers【答案】A【详解】句意:看看那边的两位女老师。她们正在教孩子们弹钢琴。考查名词复数。根据英语语法,复合名词中,“man/woman +名词”构成的复合名词,两个词都要变成复数。此处表示“女教师”,故应用women teachers。故选A。6.—May I take your order, sir?—I’d like some ______with vegetables.A.rice B.apple C.cake D.banana【答案】A【详解】句意:——我可以下单了吗,先生?——我想要一些米饭带蔬菜。考查名词辨析。rice米饭;apple苹果;cake蛋糕;banana香蕉。根据“some”可知后接可数名词复数或不可数名词;结合选项,BCD项均为可数名词,应用复数形式。故选A。7.Mike stayed awake for hours last night as he had too much ________ before going to bed.A.biscuit B.coffee C.noodle D.chicken wing【答案】B【详解】句意:迈克昨晚好几个小时没睡觉,因为他睡前喝了太多咖啡。考查名词辨析。biscuit饼干,可数名词;coffee咖啡,不可数名词;noodle面条,可数名词;chicken wing鸡翅,可数名词。too much“太多”,修饰不可数名词,coffee符合题意。故选B。8.—Peter often answers the teacher’s ________ in class, doesn’t he?—Yes, he is very active.A.problems B.questions C.messages D.difficulties【答案】B【详解】句意:——彼得经常在课堂上回答老师的问题,不是吗?——是的。他非常活跃。考查名词辨析。problems难题;questions问题;messages信息;difficulties困难。根据谓语动词“answers”可知,此处对应的宾语为“questions”。故选B。9.—Alan, how far is it from your home to school?—Oh, it’s about two ________ drive.A.hour B.hours C.hours’ D.hour’s【答案】C【详解】句意:——艾伦,从你家到学校有多远?——哦,大约有两个小时的车程。考查名词所有格。根据“it’s about two”可知这里表达“大约两个小时”,小时“hour”为可数名词,故这里应用复数;分析“hour”与“drive”之间的关系可知此处表达“两个小时的车程”,应用所有格来表达,复数名词“hours”的所有格为“hours’”。故选C。10.The ________ rang and Pat answered it. It was his son calling from New York.A.telephone B.doorbell C.clock D.bike【答案】A【详解】句意:电话铃响了,帕特接了电话。是他儿子从纽约打来的。考查名词辨析。telephone电话;doorbell门铃;clock时钟;bike自行车。结合语境和下一句“It was his son calling from New York.”可知帕特的儿子从纽约打电话来,所以应该是电话铃声响了。故选A。11.—How________ is it from here to Beijing?—It’s about two ________flight.A.long, hour’s B.far, hour’s C.long, hours’ D.far, hours’【答案】D【详解】句意:——从这到北京有多远?——坐飞机大约两个小时。考查疑问词组及名词所有格。how long多长时间;how far多远。根据“大约坐飞机两小时”可知上文是问距离,表达“多远”,用how far,又由“flight”可知此处用名词所有格,空前有two。此处应用复数名词,故用hours’。故选D。12.—Are you hungry?—Yes. Please give us ________.A.three bread B.three piece of breadC.three pieces of bread D.three pieces of breads【答案】C【详解】句意:——你饿吗?——是的。请给我三片面包。考查不可数名词及其数的表达。three三,数词;bread“面包”,不可数名词,前面不能直接跟数词,要用“数词+量词+of”来表示;piece片,块;a piece of一片,piece 是可数的,因此达到两个及其以上要用其复数形式;three pieces of bread三片面包。故选C。13.—How can Linda say bad words about me? I thought we were good friends.—Who told you that? Friends need ________.A.courage B.trust C.pleasure D.success【答案】B【详解】句意:——琳达怎么能说我坏话?我以为我们是好朋友。——谁告诉你的?朋友之间需要信任。考查名词辨析。courage勇气;trust信任;pleasure愉快;success成功。根据“Who told you that?”可知,朋友之间的友谊不能只道听途说,是需要信任的。故选B。14.I’m hungry. I’d like to have some ________.A.noodle B.water C.potato D.bread【答案】D【详解】句意:我饿了。我想要一些面包。考查名词辨析。noodle面条;water水;potato土豆;bread面包。some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,排除AC;再由“I’m hungry.”可知饿了需要吃的,排除B。故选D。15.This year, the family went camping on ________ Day, June 1st.A.Child B.Child’s C.Children D.Children’s【答案】D【详解】句意:今年,全家在6月1日儿童节去露营。考查名词所有格。由语境可知,此处指“儿童节”,英文表达为“Children’s Day”。故选D。16.Learning English in a classroom is important, while using English in real ________ will improve your English skills greatly.A.positions B.situations C.events D.experiences【答案】B【详解】句意:在课堂上学习英语很重要,而将英语运用到真实情景中会大大提高你的英语技能。考查名词辨析。positions位置;situations情况;events事件;experiences经历。根据“using English in real...will improve your English skills greatly.”可知,表示在真实情景中使用英语会大大提高你的英语技能,故选B。17.—It was a ________ day for Wu Dajing to win the first gold medal for the Chinese team on February 5, 2022.—So it was. He is the ________ of all Chinese.A.pride; proud B.proud; proud C.proud; pride D.pride; pride【答案】C【详解】句意:——2022年2月5日,武大靖为中国队夺得首枚金牌,这是值得骄傲的一天。——确实。他是所有中国人的骄傲。考查词义辨析。pride名词,骄傲;proud形容词,骄傲的。第一处作定语修饰day,用形容词;第二处作表语,位于冠词the后,用名词。故选C。18.These ________ were sent to the villages to help the farmers.A.women doctors B.women doctor C.woman doctors D.woman doctor【答案】A【详解】句意:这些女医生被派到农村去帮助农民。考查名词复数。woman女人,可数名词,复数是women;doctor医生,可数名词,复数是doctors。根据“these”可知都用名词复数,these women doctors“这些女医生”,故选A。19.The factory cannot continue its level of ________ because the cost of the material has risen a lot. A.instruction B.production C.contribution D.celebration【答案】B【详解】句意:由于材料成本上涨了很多,工厂不能继续它的生产水平了。考查名词辨析。instruction指示,说明;production生产,产量;contribution贡献;celebration庆祝。结合语境可知本句说的是工厂的生产水平与原料价格之间的关系,所以空处用名词production。故选B。20.—To tell you the truth. I don’t want to join in the speech competition.—Come on. You need more practice to build up your ________.A.challenge B.confidence C.instruction D.personality【答案】B【详解】句意:——实话告诉你。我不想参加演讲比赛。——来吧。你需要更多的练习来建立自信。考查名词辨析。challenge挑战;confidence自信;instruction指示;personality性格。根据“You need more practice to build up your...”可知,此处“confidence”符合语境,意为“建立自信”。故选B。 二、根据汉语及首字母填空21.The c________ (教练) helps me do better in the work.【答案】(c)oach【详解】句意:教练帮助我在工作中做得更好。coach“教练”,可数名词,在句中作主语,根据“helps”可知,主语用单数。故填(c)oach。22.The music has got a great b________ (节拍) that I enjoy dancing to.【答案】(b)eat【详解】句意:这音乐的节拍很好,我喜欢跟着跳舞。 根据中文以及首字母可知,此空应填beat表示“节拍”,a修饰名词的单数形式,故填(b)eat。23.— Can you come to my birthday party?— I’m afraid I can’t. But thank you for your _________.(invite)【答案】invitation【详解】句意:——你能来参加我的生日派对吗? ——恐怕我不能。但感谢您的邀请。根据“Can you come to my birthday party?”及英文提示可知,your后面接名词,故填invite的名词形式invitation“邀请”。故填invitation。24.These UNICEF _______ (office) wish is to improve the living conditions of the local children.【答案】officers’【详解】句意:这些联合国儿童基金会官员的愿望是改善当地儿童的生活条件。空处修饰其后的名词wish,指的是“官员的愿望”,用名词所有格形式,结合“these”可知,此处名词用复数形式,故填officers’。25.Erhu is one of Chinese musical i________. The most popular music is Erquan Yingyue.【答案】(i)nstruments【详解】句意:二胡是中国乐器之一。最受欢迎的音乐是《二泉映月》。根据“Erhu is one of Chinese musical...”及首字母提示可知,此处应该是名词instrument“乐器”;且one of后跟名词instrument的复数instruments。故填instruments。26.Mr. Smith likes taking p_________. He often goes outside with his camera.【答案】(p)hotos##(p)ictures【详解】句意:史密斯先生喜欢拍照,他经常带着相机出门。根据“He often goes outside with his camera”可知,史密斯带着照相机出门是拍照片;“take photos/pictures”意为“拍照片”。故填(p)hotos/(p)ictures。27.The c________ of stealing children was successfully caught by the police on Mar. 19th in Chongqing.【答案】(c)riminal【详解】句意:3月19日,重庆警方成功抓获了这名盗窃儿童的罪犯。根据“The c...of stealing children was successfully caught by the police”可知,是抓住罪犯,criminal“罪犯”,根据“was”可知,使用名词单数形式,故填(c)riminal。28.The National Post Office will make a set of special s________ to celebrate the 100th birthday of the CCYL (中国共青团) in 2022.【答案】(s)tamps【详解】句意:2022年,国家邮政局将发行一套特别邮票,以庆祝中国共青团成立100周年。根据“The National Post Office”可知,国家邮政局应该是发行邮票,所以应该使用“stamp”,且为可数名词,根据“a set of”“一套”可知,应该使用可数名词复数。故填(s)tamps。29.My parents always take p_________ in everything good that I do.【答案】(p)ride【详解】句意:我父母总是为我做的每件好事感到自豪。根据“take p… in everything good that I do”可知,是为我做的好事感到自豪,take pride in…“为……自豪”,pride“自豪,骄傲”,名词。故填(p)ride。30.Zhang Yimou is the chief d________ of the opening and closing ceremonies for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.【答案】(d)irector【详解】句意:张艺谋是2022年北京冬奥会开幕式和闭幕式的主导演。根据“Zhang Yimou is the chief...of the opening and closing ceremonies for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.”及首字母提示可知,张艺谋是主导演,故填director“导演”,可数名词,又因为谓语动词is是单数。故填(d)irector。31.Her parents are tall but she is of medium h________.【答案】(h)eight【详解】句意:她的父母很高但是她是中等身高。“be of medium height”表示“中等身高”。故填(h)eight。32.There are many famous national ________(英雄) in Chinese history.【答案】heroes【详解】句意:中国历史上有许多著名的民族英雄。根据“in Chinese history.”可知,此处是在中国历史上,有许多著名的民族英雄,hero“英雄”,是名词,many修饰可数名词复数形式。故填heroes。33.Of all the _______ (女演员), I admire Audrey Hepburn most.【答案】actresses【详解】句意:在所有女演员中,我最钦佩奥黛丽·赫本。actress“女演员”,是名词,空前有all修饰,名词用复数形式,故填actresses。34.After a heated _______ (讨论), the headmasters from different schools reached an agreement.【答案】discussion【详解】句意:经过激烈的讨论,不同学校的校长达成了一致意见。discussion“讨论”,此前有a修饰,使用名词单数形式,故填discussion。35.Life is like a box of ________. You never know what you’re gonna get.(巧克力)【答案】chocolates【详解】句意:生命就像一盒巧克力,你永远不知道你将会拿到哪块。介词“of”后缺宾语,表达“一盒巧克力”用“a box of chocolates”。故填chocolates。36.The two boys are about the same ________ (体重) and age.【答案】weight【详解】句意:这两个男孩的体重和年龄差不多。由语境和汉语提示可知,“体重”译成:weight;这里用作不可数名词。故填weight。37.His father is a famous ________ (工程师).【答案】engineer【详解】句意:他的父亲是一位著名的工程师。由语境和汉语提示可知,“工程师”engineer;由前面的“a”可知,这里用单数形式。故填engineer。38.Check your answers carefully, and you can avoid making _________(错误).【答案】mistakes【详解】句意:仔细核对答案,你能避免犯错。根据语境和所给汉语提示可知,这里考查短语make mistakes“犯错”, mistakes是可数名词,“错误”。故填mistakes。39.We are from __________.(中国)【答案】China【详解】句意:我们来自中国。be from“来自”,后接地点,根据中文提示可知,此空应填China表示“中国”,故填China。40.Thanks to the government, more and more _____ (村民) in our village have happier lives.【答案】villagers【详解】句意:多亏了政府,我们村里越来越多的村民过上了更幸福的生活。“村民”villager,可数名词;“more and more”后跟名词的复数形式。故填villagers。 三、完成句子41.我喜欢甜食,你知道的。I have a ________ ________, you know.【答案】 sweet tooth【详解】空处表示“甜食”,have a sweet tooth“喜欢甜食”,故填sweet;tooth。42.我叫托尼·史密斯,史密斯是我的姓。My name is Tony Smith and Smith is my ________ ________.【答案】 last##family name【详解】姓:last name/family name,固定用法。故填last/family;name。43.一些人认为这些石头能够预防疾病并能使人们保持健康。Some people think the stones can prevent ________ and keep people ________.【答案】 illness healthy【详解】根【据中英文对照可知第一空应填“疾病”。illness“疾病”,是名词;第二空应填“健康”,healthy“健康的”,是形容词作宾语补足语。故填illness;healthy。44.我更喜欢自己创作音乐的歌手。I ________ ________ that write their own music.【答案】 prefer singers【详解】由中英文可知第一空用动词“更喜欢prefer”,本句用一般现在时,主语是“I”,所以prefer用原形;本句包含一个定语从句,由中文可知第二空为定语从句的先行词“歌手”,用可数名词singer,定语从句的动词是“write”,说明singer应为复数。故填prefer;singers。45.我们齐心协力就能创造更加美好的未来。Together, our actions can lead to a ________ ________.【答案】 better future【详解】此处缺少“更加美好的未来”,表达为better future,用比较级修饰名词,故填better;future。46.在2012年,刘翔回到了国际110米栏赛第一的位置。Liu Xiang returned to the ____________ ____________ in the world 110m hurdles race in 2012.【答案】 first place【详解】空处缺少“第一的位置”;“第一”first,常与定冠词the连用;“位置”place,被the first修饰,应用单数形式。故填first;place。47.教学生们在日常生活中如何节能是必需的。(汉译英)It’s necessary ________________________________________.【答案】to teach students how to save energy in daily lives【详解】句子是“it’s+形容词+动词不定式”的结构,“it”是形式主语,真正的主语用动词不定式,“教”teach,间接宾语是“学生们”用复数名词“students”,直接宾语用“疑问词+动词不定式” 的结构,表达“如何节能”用“how to save energy”。表达“在日常生活中”用短语“in daily lives”。故填to teach students how to save energy in daily lives。48.与传统学习相比,网上学习为我们打开了一个全新的世界。(汉译英)_______________________________________, online study ______________________________________.【答案】 Compared with the traditional study opens up a whole new world for us【详解】表达“与某物相比”用过去分词“compared with”作状语,放在句首首字母“c”大写。表达“传统学习”用短语“the traditional study”。句子是一般现在时,主语“online study”是单数概念,动词用三单形式,表达“打开”用短语“opens up”。表达“一个全新的世界”用“a whole new world”,表达“为我们”用介词“for”和人称代词的宾格“us”。故填Compared with the traditional study;opens up a whole new world for us。49.自去年以来,我们小区就以其开阔的空间和优美的环境而闻名。(汉译英)Our community _______________________________________ since last year.【答案】has been famous for its open space and beautiful environment【详解】根据“since last year”可知,句子是一般现在时。主语“Our community”是单数概念,表达“闻名”用短语“has been famous for”。根据“我们小区”可知,表达“其”用形容词性物主代词“its”。表达“开阔的空间”用短语“open space”,表达“优美的环境”用“beautiful environment”,用连词“and”连接名词短语形成并列。故填has been famous for its open space and beautiful environment。50.作为志愿者在社区中心工作是很有意义的。It’s meaningful to ____________________. 【答案】work as volunteers at community centres##work as a volunteer at community centres【详解】空格处应表示“作为志愿者在社区中心工作”;work as volunteers/a volunteer作为志愿者工作,动词为原形,和to构成动词不定式; at community centres“在社区中心”。故填work as volunteers/a volunteer at community centreswork。