2023全国通用高考名词性从句专题冲刺讲义（含答案）

2023全国通用高考名词性从句专题冲刺讲义（含答案） 【真题回顾】1.[2022年新高考1卷·B篇] It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away-from"ugly"(but quite eatable)vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.分析：本句为主从复合句。It作形式主语，how much引导 __________ 从句。其后跟了介词固定结构from…to…作定语修饰food。译:_____________________________________________________________________________2.[2022年新高考1卷·C篇]This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.分析:本句that引导 ____________ 从句。译:_____________________________________________________________________________3.[2022年新高考1卷·D篇]Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.... run far ahead of what research can…此处what引导 __________ 从句,并且在从句中充当 _________。译:_____________________________________________________________________________ 1）主语从句; 令人吃惊的是，有多少完美的食物被扔掉了--从被杂货店拒绝的 "丑陋"（但完全是可吃的）的蔬菜到被扔进餐厅垃圾桶的大量未吃的菜肴。2）同位语从句; 这项研究推翻了普遍的观点，即所有的人类语音在大约30万年前人类进化时就已经存在。3）此处what引导宾语从句，并且在从句中充当宾语; 尽管关于情商的流行观点远远超出了研究所能合理支持的范围，但宣传的总体效果是利大于弊。 名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 同位语从句的用法 一、定义 同位语从句一般放在某些名词的后面，对名词进行进一步解释说明，用以说明名词所表示的具体内 容。在句中作同位语。  二、常引导同位语从句的名词 fact, news, idea, promise, faith, question, problem, doubt, fear, hope, order, belief, thought, reply, truth, suggestion, advice, proposal  三、引导同位语从句的连接词  功能例词从属连词只起连接作用 ，不充当从句中的任何成分。that, whether连接代词既起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分(主语、宾语、表语或定语)who,  what，whose, which 连接副词 既起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分(状语) when,  where, why, how复合代词&复合副词既起连接作用 ，又在从句中担任成分 (主语、宾 语、表语或定语、状语)whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however  四、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句 1. 如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用） 例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 2. 如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句） 例：We‘ll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.  3. 如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、“什么方式"等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句例：I have no idea when he will be back. 例：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike 4. 如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"谁"、"什么"、"哪一个"等含义，应用who, what, which, whose等 词引导同位语从句，同时在句中充当一定句子成分。 例：I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。 例：I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste. 我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。 例：The question who will take his place is still not clear.  【温馨提示】 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如： 1) Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them． 几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。 2) The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。  【即时训练】填入正确的引导词 They expressed the hope ________ they would come over to visit China again. that 14 I have no idea ________ they were able to get it done in so short a time. whether 15 Have you any idea _______ he is doing now? what 16They asked me the question _________ the work was worth doing. whether  The question ________ should do the work requires consideration. who The news ________ Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. that  We haven’t yet settled the question ________we are going to spend our summer vacation this year. where  The question ________ should do the work is being discussed at the meeting. who  I have no idea ________the boy is doing in the next room now. what  五、常见的同位语从句高级句型 1. There is no denying that + 主语 + 谓语……(不可否认的……) 例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。  2. There is no doubt that 从句(毫无疑问的……) 例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。  六、定语从句与同位语从句的区别 1.The news that they won the match is true . 2. The news that they told me yesterday is true. 小结： 我们通过观察发现，句1中的that 引导的是__________从句，对news 起着_____________作用, 句2中的 that 引导的是________从句，对 news 起着_____________作用，在从句中__________成分。 答案：同位语从句，解释说明；定语从句，修饰，作宾语。   类别性质功能引导词that的作用wh-引导词的作用同位语从句名词性补充说明只起连接作用，不做成分,不能省略。不能替换所修饰的名词,有疑问意义。 定语从句 形容词性 修饰限定既替代先行词 ，同时也在 句中做某种成分，做宾语可以省略。关系词没有疑问意义,可替换先行词. Tip: 在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be, 使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句。反之，则为定语从句。 1. The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. The news is that he told me  2. The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. The news is that Tom would go abroad. 3. He put forward （提出）the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first. The suggestion is that the question should be discussed first.  4. The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down. The suggestion is that he had put forward  5. We were greatly pleased at the news that the Chinese women's volleyball team had won the match again. The news is that the Chinese women's volleyball team had won the match again.  6. We were greatly pleased at the news that our teacher had told us. The news is that our teacher had told us.  扩展： 1) 同位语从句与其前边的名词是同位关系，即作用相当于同位语；而定语从句与其先行词是修饰关系，即作用相当于定语。  2) 同位语从句的句子成分是完整的，that引导词只起连接作用；而定语从句的句子成分不完整，会缺某个成分，that 引导词在从句中充当该成分。试比较以下句子： We came to the decision that we must act at once. 我们做出决定：我们必须立即行动。（同位语从句） This is the decision that we have made. 这是我们已做出的决定。（定语从句, made 后边缺宾语） There is no evidence that he committed crime. 没有他犯罪的证据。（同位语从句） There is no evidence that prove his guilty. 没有证据证明他是有罪的。（定语从句，引导词 that 在从句中作 主语）  3) 定语从句对先行词没有什么要求，可以修饰几乎所有名词；而同位语从句的先行词仅限于某些抽象名 词，常见的有news, idea, opinion, thought, fact, rumor, report, decision, evidence, hope 等。 【即时小练】用同位语从句翻译下列句子他可能会考试不及格， 这个想法让他很担心。 _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ The thought that he may fail the exam makes him worried. The thought that he may fail the exam worries him.  毫无疑问互联网的快速发展使得人们可以更容易地了解更多信息。 _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ There is no doubt that the rapid development of Internet makes people learn about more information more easily 他在会上什么都没说的事实使我们惊讶。_______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ The fact that he said nothing in the meeting made us surprised. The fact that he said nothing in the meeting surprised us.  无可否认博物馆可以扮演一个教育的作用，因为它给公众提供一个好的机会去研究他们国家的历史和传统。 _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ There is no denying that museum can play an educational role becauase it provides a good chance/ opportunity for the public to research their country's history and tradition.