(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 选择性必修第三册　Unit 1 Art (含详解)

选择性必修第三册　Unit 1  Art

阅读·提速练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2021·河南许昌质检)

Like everything else，London’s world-class museums closed in March，but one by one，most of them have announced their reopening.Visiting will be very different to the museum experience you’re used to，though：you’ll have to pre-book a timed entry slot(时段), you may have to follow a one-way route and face masks will be encouraged.

British Museum

What is it? Since it opened in 1759—the first ever national museum for the public—the British Museum has been displaying artwork of world heritage，including the Rosetta Stone and the Parthenon sculptures.

Why go? The museum has over 8 million objects in its collection,50,000 of which are on display.That’s a lot of bang for your buck，considering entrance to the main areas is free.

National Gallery

What is it? A first-class and entirely free-to-enter artistic institution in the heart of Trafalgar Square.Founded in 1824，the National Gallery is home to more than 2,000 paintings from artists such as da Vinci，Van Gogh，Turner，Picasso，Matisse and Cezanne.

Why go? To learn more about the world’s highly praised artworks and even try your hand at drawing in the galleries.

Design Museum

What is it? A fascinating museum that explores contemporary design and architecture.The Design Museum is bursting with free temporary exhibitions，pop-ups and bookable displays.

Why go? The museum’s new home in Kensington is an absolute design feat，and when you’ve finished your walkabout，take a tour to the nearby Holland Park Kyoto Garden for some well-deserved rest.

Imperial(帝国的) War Museum

What is it? A powerful museum shining a light on people’s experiences of conflict from the First World War to today.A few minutes’ walk from Waterloo，IWM is made up of permanent galleries，such as the ace Curiosities of War exhibit，and temporary displays，exploring recent conflicts and terrorist attacks.

Why go? For impressive and extensive collections，including the moving，and eye-opening permanent Holocaust exhibition(not recommended for children under 14)．

1．What is a must for visitors to the museums?

A．Booking in advance.

B．Preparing a face mask.

C．Bringing enough money.

D．Arriving earlier than usual.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，参观博物馆的人必须提前预订。故选A。

2．In which museum can you most probably see world famous paintings?

A．British Museum.

B．Design Museum.

C．National Gallery.

D．Imperial War Museum.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据National Gallery部分中的“Founded in 1824，the National Gallery is home to more than 2,000 paintings from artists such as da Vinci，Van Gogh，Turner，Picasso，Matisse and Cezanne.”可知，你最有可能在 National Gallery看到世界著名的绘画。故选C。

3．How is Imperial War Museum different from the other three?

A．It has the largest collection.

B．Kids under 14 are not advised to visit it.

C．You can have a good rest in it.

D．You may meet some artists in it.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Imperial War Museum与其他三家博物馆的不同之处在于，它不建议14岁以下的儿童参观。故选B。

B

In this special school，Lisa Elder doesn’t have a lesson plan or an attendance book.She does have her walkie-talkie(对讲机)．When the hallways are secure and the teachers ready，the call comes over the radio：Students are on their way up.

Three teens，two boys and one girl，entered Elder’s classroom.“Why don’t you guys have a seat and I’ll tell you what we’re doing，” she tells them.

Today，they’re going to cut out leaves from construction paper and write life skills on them：“Patience.” “Hygiene(卫生)．”

Then，Lisa notices a boy named Brandon.He’s hunched(躬身的) over his desk and he’s got his fist against his chest—it’s shaking.Lisa tries talking to him but gets no response.

It doesn’t look like anything to me：just a boy who’s not participating in class.But Elder has seen this behavior in his file，and she knows it’s a warning sign.

She radios for backup，“Could I have a youth worker up in life skills？”

By the time the youth worker comes in，Brandon has turned his desk to face the back wall，and he’s getting more and more agitated.He’s still not responding.

“OK，” she tells him.“Here are the choices：If you want to stay in my classroom and participate，I would love you to.I will do anything I can to help you.But if all you’re going to do is turn your back and avoid everything people are asking of you，then I’m going to have you brought down to the office.”

She pauses for a moment.“I would like you to make the better choice and stay with me.”

That’s not the choice Brandon makes.It’s becoming clear：He could lose control at any moment.

Elder leaves the room,20 minutes before class is over.As we walk down to the residential unit，she tells me，“So when I tell you that I don’t know what the day is going to bring，that’s a perfect example.”

4．What subject does Elder teach?

A．Paper cutting.

B．Life skills.

C．Building construction.

D．Basic science.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第六段内容“She radios for backup，‘Could I have a youth worker up in life skills？’”可知，Elder教授的科目是life skills(生活技能)。故选B项。

5．What does the underlined word “agitated” show?

A．Brandon is now getting quite upset.

B．Brandon is making fun of his teacher.

C．Brandon is drawing Elder’s attention.

D．Brandon is just joking with his friends.

答案　A

解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Then，Lisa notices a boy named Brandon.He’s hunched(躬身的) over his desk and he’s got his fist against his chest—it’s shaking.”和第五段中的“it’s a warning sign”可知，Brandon不想听课，感觉很不高兴。再根据他把桌子转向后墙的行为，可推断出Brandon现在很不高兴。故选A项。

6．What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．Elder leaves the room for safety.

B．The three teens are normal students.

C．Brandon will be punished after class.

D．“Me” in the text is the youth worker.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，Elder在下课前20分钟离开了教室。再根据倒数第二段中的“He could lose control at any moment.”可知，这个叫Brandon的男孩随时可能会失去控制，做出过激行为。由此可推断出，Elder为了安全离开了教室。故选A项。

7．In the text，the author wants to       .

A．show how hard the school life is

B．prove life skills are really necessary

C．tell what Elder’s life is like as a teacher

D．call for the public’s attention on education

答案　C

解析　写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句“So when I tell you that I don’t know what the day is going to bring，that’s a perfect example.”再结合文章内容可知，作者主要想通过这篇文章告诉我们，在特殊学校里作为老师的Elder，她的生活是什么样的，都会经历些什么。故选C项。

C

(2021·江苏扬州质检)

This season，the bushfires in Australia have burned more than 12.35 million acres of land.At least 25 people have been killed and 2,000 homes destroyed.According to the BBC，this has been the most casualties(伤亡) from wildfires in the country since 2009.The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in South Wales alone.

Zeke Hausfather，an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth，said warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season.“The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures in 2019 created main conditions for the disastrous fires.Australia’s fires were worsened by the combination of those two.2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia，” Hausfather added on Friday.

Kevin Trenberth，a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research，said warmer ocean temperatures also contributed to more variable weather around the world.Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans，which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places，causing longer rain events in Indonesia，for example，and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia.He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more，it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading.Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.

Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity of wildfires.How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires.Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property，such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area.Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how fire management resources are dispatched(派遣)．

8．What are the numbers about in Paragraph 1?

A．The causes of Australian fires.

B．The consequences of Australian fires.

C．The damaged areas of Australian fires.

D．The property destruction of Australian fires.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。由第一段可知，这个季节，澳大利亚的丛林大火已经烧毁了超过1 235万英亩的土地。至少25人死亡，2 000所房屋被毁。由此可知，本段的数字表明森林大火产生的严重后果。故选B项。

9．Which of the following best explains the underlined words “more susceptible to” in the second paragraph?

A．Very quickly to adapt to.

B．Very seriously to focus on.

C．Very likely to be influenced by.

D．Very easily to be protected against.

答案　C

解析　词义猜测题。由画线词所在句可推测，气温升高和极端天气让澳大利亚更容易发生火灾，more susceptible to与very likely to be influenced by“很容易受……的影响”意思相近。故选C项。

10．What can we infer from Trenberth’s research?

A．Global warming is the root cause of the bushfires.

B．Longer dry weather contributes to global warming.

C．Warmer ocean temperatures promote fires spreading.

D．The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。由第三段的最后两句可知，他说，一旦一个地区经历了两个月或更长时间的干旱，它就会增加火灾发生和蔓延的风险。那些由于全球变暖而改变的天气使得干旱持续的时间更长。由此可推断，全球气候变暖是森林火灾的根本原因。故选A项。

11．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?

A．To stress the effects of Australia fires.

B．To show the methods for controlling burns.

C．To predict the seriousness of Australia fires.

D．To provide some advice about reducing damage.

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property，such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area.”可知，作者在最后一段想要介绍控制火灾造成的伤害的方法。故选D项。

D

Let’s face it.You’re likely reading this article in an effort to avoid some other tasks you’re procrastinating(拖延) to learn how to stop procrastination，but the clock is ticking.So why can’t you seem to get rid of that?

Though the psychological causes are still debated，there’s a human tendency to over- or underestimate the value of a reward based on its temporal proximity(时间接近)．This is often referred to as temporal discounting.For example，if I offered you$100 today or 110 in a month，most would take the hundred and run.But what if instead I offered you 100 dollars in a year or 110 in a year and one month，you might say to yourself if I can wait a year I can wait the extra month.

But the time and value difference are the exact same in each example.It turns out that human motivation is highly influenced by how near the reward is，meaning the further away the reward is，the more you discount its value.So being online is more appealing than preparing for your test.The problem is that surfing the Internet provides many small quick and continuous rewards unlike your test scores which are a future one.

So how do you overcome the urge to put off so many tasks?

Unfortunately there is no definite answer，but try rewarding yourself with a timely snack or other enjoyable activities.The Pomodoro Technique makes use of a timer to work for 25 minutes straight and when you’ve done this，give yourself the reward with a 5-minute break.Then start the working clock again.Gradually increasing the amount of work time you put in will improve your time management skills.

It’s been shown that creating a costly deadline is also an effective way to manage your working habits.And try to enjoy the process of achieving something instead of thinking only our minutes of suffering.

12．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A．This article.   B．Procrastination.

C．An effort.   D．The clock.

答案　B

解析　代词指代题。根据第一段中的“You’re likely reading this article in an effort to avoid some other tasks you’re procrastinating(拖延) to learn how to stop procrastination，but the clock is ticking.”可知，代词that指的是“拖延”。故选B项。

13．An example is given in Paragraph 2 to make the theory         .

A．interesting   B．accurate

C．understandable   D．influential

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知，虽然心理原因仍有争议，但人类有一种倾向，基于其时间上的接近程度，会高估或低估奖励的价值。这通常被称为时间折现。下文给出了一个例子，以使该理论易于理解。故选C项。

14．Why is surfing online more attractive to students than studying?

A．It helps them kill time faster.

B．It offers them more information.

C．It supplies instant rewards to them.

D．It strengthens the bond between friends.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So being online is more appealing than preparing for your test.The problem is that surfing the Internet provides many small quick and continuous rewards unlike your test scores which are a future one.”可知，上网比学习对学生更有吸引力是因为它给他们提供了即时的回报。故选C项。

15．What’s a suggested solution to procrastination?

A．Rewarding yourself with a future gift.

B．Increasing the amount of work time.

C．Ignoring the process of doing the task.

D．Paying dearly for your procrastination.

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“It’s been shown that creating a costly deadline is also an effective way to manage your working habits.”可知，为你的拖延付出高昂代价是针对拖延症的一个建议。故选D项。

Ⅱ.七选五

For much of my career，I have been a bit of a pioneer as a woman working in traditionally male operational roles.  1   And by 2001 I was working at headquarters(总部) as the Director of Customer Service Planning.

  2   However，that changed halfway on my way to work，when I learned an airplane had struck the World Trade Center.As soon as I arrived，I went to our Emergency Crisis Center，where great effort was made to get in touch with and land all of our flights.

I was not a big leader in the company，but I felt I had to make good use of my knowledge and experience.  3   Then I helped to send teams of co-workers to help the family members of Flights 93 and 175，the two American flights involved in the attacks.For most of the next week I remained at the Crisis Center, taking a nap(打个盹) when I could.

  4   I remained calm and went to work with colleagues to solve problems.With the nation and our airline under attack，we came together as a team.Nothing mattered but our passengers and their families, our colleagues coping with their own grief(悲伤)．I was communicating with airport leaders，and working with government departments.

The United States has gone through a lot of difficulties since then.And when things get tough，I turn up.When Hurricane Sandy was about to hit the East Coast，I was head of the Network Operations Center.My husband，seeing me off at the door on yet another Sunday，just smiled.  5   Before leaving，I turned to him and said，“I live for this.”

A．I offered help and support to the police.

B．Things didn’t go as we had expected all the time.

C．He knows working for my team is important to me.

D．That week I realized I was good at dealing with crisis.

E．Lots of family members stayed together，looking anxious.

F．I was the first female Country Manager for United Airlines.

G．As I left for work one Tuesday，I was expecting a usual meeting and work.

1．答案　F

解析　本段主要讲述作者具体的职业，故F项“我是联合航空公司的第一位女性区域经理”符合本段主旨。选择项中的“female”与前句中的“a pioneer as a woman”相一致。故选F。

2．答案　G

解析　根据该空下一句“However，that changed halfway on my way to work，when I learned an airplane had struck the World Trade Center.”可知，作者本来是要正常去上班的，后来意外发生了，故G项符合上下文逻辑。选择项中的“usual”与后句中的“However”和“changed halfway”相对应。故选G。

3．答案　A

解析　根据空后的内容可知，该空应说明作者在恐怖袭击发生后所做的事情，故A项“我向警方提供帮助和支持”符合情境。选择项中的“offered help”和后句中的“helped”相一致。故选A。

4．答案　D

解析　选项D中的“That week”暗示了作者经历过恐怖袭击之后的感悟，下文具体解释了D项的内容。后文中的“remained calm”，“we came together as a team”，“I was communicating with airport leaders，and working with government departments.”都说明了作者很擅长处理危机。故选D。

5．答案　C

解析　根据该空上文“My husband，seeing me off at the door on yet another Sunday，just smiled.”和下文“Before leaving，I turned to him and said，‘I live for this.’”可知，该空应表示丈夫对自己工作的支持，故C项符合上下文。选择项中的He指代前句中的“My husband”。故选C。