高考英语二轮复习大题优练5 七选五 说明文（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

A

【2020·全国I卷】

A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance

We all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach.   1   Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.

●  2   Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.

●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures.   3   You will make mistakes time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate(有同情心) response? “That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.”

●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.   4   

●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself.   5   Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?

A. Feeling upset again?

B. Where do you start?

C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.

D. Remember, you are only human.

E Set an intention for self-acceptance.

F. Stop comparing yourself with others.

G. When does the comparison game start?

【答案】BFDCA

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了自我接纳的一些方法，如不要和他人比较，原谅自己所犯的错，认识自己的优点等。

1.根据空格处下一句及下文可知后面作者是提出了一些自我接纳的方法，B项（从哪里开始呢？）符合语境，故选B。

2.根据文章结构可知，此处为小标题，且根据空格处后文“Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.”可知，你的生活是你自己的，不要去和别人比较，故选F。

3.根据空格处下句“You will make mistakes time and time again.”（你会一次又一次地犯错误。）可知D项（记住，你只是人。）符合语境，故选D。

4.空格处上一句列举了一些小的成就，C项（任何小的成就都值得庆祝。）符合语境，故选C。

5.根据空格处上文可知，列举完了优点，也要列举缺点，在日记中写下为什么觉得自己不够好。A项（又一次感觉到失望吗？）符合语境，故选A。

B

【2020·全国II卷】

Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication

In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.   6  . It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.

Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.   7  , encouraging better and more frequent communication.

In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge.   8  . While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.

There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?   9  . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.

  10  , and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.

A. Messages with emojis feel more conversational

B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly

C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange

D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally

E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly

F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace

G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform

【答案】DAGBF

【解析】本文为说明文，主要讲述表情符号在工作交流中的积极影响。

6.考查细节支撑句。根据36空前的关键词In Asia和platforms，以及空后的76 percent of employees和western countries，可知不仅是亚洲，在西方国家也很受欢迎，故D选项（这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延）符合。其中platforms词汇复现，故选D。

7.考查细节支撑句。根据37空前可知书面交流通常被认为冷漠和无趣，空后的“encouraging better and more frequent communication”是说鼓励更好更频繁的交流，可知选A。

8.考查细节支撑句。根据38空前range from age 22 to 70 and beyond和空后的younger generations，可知选G。

9.考查过渡衔接句。根据39空前“谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的邮件呢？”，可知B选项（甚至一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好）符合。故选B。

10.考查主旨概括句。根据上文阐述的内容，40空是一个主题句。空格后句说：表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结果，空处也应该是表情符号的积极影响，所用and连接。因此选项F（研究表明，更友好的沟通会使得工作场所更加让人愉快）符合。故选F。

A

【山东省青岛市2021届高三下学期3月统一质量检测英语试题】

Shooting down an ice-covered track, a bobsled can go faster than 80 miles an hour.   1   The answer is a combination of athletics and science.

At the start of a race, the crews push their sled, building up speed before they jump in for the ride. For months before the race, the crew members have built up explosive power in their legs. That means doing a lot of jumps and sprints. It also means pushing heavy sleds! The push is the crew’s only chance to add speed.   2 

The design of the sled’s runners(滑板) reduces their friction with the ice.   3   They may not melt enough ice for a fast ride. Runners that are too rounded may become too warm, softening the ice and slowing the sled down.

  4   The rules state that all runners must be made of the same type of steel, and crews may polish them using only approved materials. Before each race, officials check the temperature of the runners. Runners may not be more than a few degrees warmer than the ice.   5 

But remember the sled must not be too fast — the crew still needs to be able to reach the bottom safely.

A. Why do people go for the sport?

B. Crews polish their runners for a fast ride.

C. The riders sit inside a hard shell, called cowling.

D. How do bobsleds go faster than cars on a highway?

E. A hot runner will melt more ice and may possibly go faster.

F. Runners that are too flat would spread the friction over a wide area.

G. All other work goes into keeping other forces from slowing the bobsled down.

【答案】DGFBE

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雪橇滑雪这项运动的一些情况。

1.根据上文“Shooting down an ice-covered track, a bobsled can go faster than 80 miles an hour.”（滑下冰雪覆盖的赛道时，大雪橇的时速可以超过80英里。）以及后文“The answer is a combination of athletics and science.”（答案是体育运动和科学相结合。）可知，上文提到大雪橇的时速，后文则提到答案，说明本句是一个关于大雪橇速度的疑问，后文则给出回答。故D选项（大雪橇在高速公路上如何比汽车跑得更快？）符合语境，故选D。

2.上文提示：在比赛开始时，队员们推着他们的雪橇，在他们跳下去之前加快速度。在比赛前的几个月，队员们在他们的腿上积累了爆发力。这意味着要做大量的跳跃和冲刺跑。它也意味着推沉重的雪橇！把雪橇往前推是队员们增加速度的唯一机会。上文提到队员要为推动沉重的雪橇在比赛前几个月进行训练，本空为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明这一做法的原因。故G选项（所有其他的工作是为了防止其他力使雪橇减速。）符合语境，故选G。

3.根据上文“The design of the sled’s runners(滑板) reduces their friction with the ice.”（雪橇滑板的设计减少了与冰的摩擦。）以及后文“They may not melt enough ice for a fast ride. Runners that are too rounded may become too warm, softening the ice and slowing the sled down.”（它们可能无法融化足够的冰来快速行驶。弧度太圆的滑板可能会因变得太热而软化冰面，从而使得雪橇减速。）可知，本段主要是关于滑板的设计说明，且后文提到了弧度太圆的滑板的缺点，可推测本句与后文并列也是在列举弧度不够好的滑板，F选项中friction对应上文中friction。故F选项（弧度过平的滑板会使滑板的更大面积产生摩擦力。）符合语境，故选F。

4.根据后文“The rules state that all runners must be made of the same type of steel, and crews may polish them using only approved materials.”（规则规定，所有的滑板必须由相同类型的钢材制成，并且队员只能使用经过批准的材料来打磨它们。）可知，本段主要说明的是滑板的打磨问题，B选项中polish对应后文中polish。故B选项（为了快速滑行，队员会擦亮他们的滑板。）符合语境，故选B。

5.根据上文“Before each race, officials check the temperature of the runners. Runners may not be more than a few degrees warmer than the ice.”（每次比赛前，工作人员都会检查滑板的温度。滑板的温度不会比冰面高几度。）可知，上文提到滑板的温度不会超过冰面，本空为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续就滑板的温度问题展开说明。E选项中hot与上文warmer相对应。故E选项（热的滑板会融化更多的冰，可能会跑得更快。）符合语境，故选E。

B

【内蒙古包头市2021届高三第一次模拟考试英语试题】

Little Habits Make a Big Difference

Everything around us is changing at amazing speed, it seems but some things will always remain the same.   6   Some of our daily habits have the power to always give us happiness and lead us toward success. Here are some little habits that can make a big difference:

   7 

Many studies have linked early rising with success. An early morning wake-up carries benefits including better planning and anticipation(预料) of problems, and more time to do the things that make you happy.

Happiness comes to those who are curious.

  8   As long as you live, there will always be something to learn, and as long as you follow your heart and your passions, you won’t miss out on learning.

Believe in yourself and all that your are.

  9   Confidence is the key to success — the thing that lets you look at the past without regret, stay grounded in the present, and prepare for the future without fear.

A day well spent gets you a good night sleep.

Enough sleep makes you feel healthier and happier, and it’s more than lifting up your mood or removing exhaustion. Adequate sleep is a key part of your health and inner happiness.   10 

It doesn’t take a huge effort to make a significant change in your life — using one or two tiny habits may be all you need. Get started today and you’ll soon be experiencing the rewards.

A. That’s why habits are so powerful.

B. The ground work of all happiness is good health.

C. Early to rise makes you healthy, wealthy and wise.

D. The habit of respect means treating everyone with kindness.

E. Nothing will ever make you happier than having faith in yourself.

F. When you rest better, you can live better and achieve more happiness.

G. There is no stage in life when we can’t be learning something valuable.

【答案】ACGEF

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了养成几个好习惯可以对人生有很有益的影响。

6.根据上文可知，虽然我们周围的一切变化的速度非常快，但是有些事情总是不变，这就是习惯的力量，故选A。

7.根据下文可知，本段介绍的是早起的好处，早起经常与成功联系在一起，所以作为本段的标题，这里也应该说早起的好处，故选C。

8.根据上下文可知，这一段讲述的是人只要活着，总有要学习的东西。时常保持着好奇心，喜欢学习的人总会感到快乐。因此G选项（人生中的任何一个阶段都能够学到珍贵的东西。）符合题意，故选G。

9.根据上下文可知，这一段讲述的是要相信自己，自信是成功的关键，E选项中的have faith in yourself正是此意，故选E。

10.根据上文可知，本段讲述了休息的重要性，休息得越好，会感到越快乐，故选F。

C

【江西省九校2021届高三下学期一模联考英语试题】

How to Bake Absolutely Anything

If you’ve never baked before, this guide will explain the basic foundations of baking, offer tips for baking specific food groups, and suggest a few recipes to get you started baking.   11 

Read the whole recipe before you start.

We’ve all gotten half-way through a recipe only to find we don’t have any buttermilk. Plus, a quick read can help you prepare for what’s ahead, particularly if there are any techniques with which you’re not familiar.

Use butter at the right temperature.

  12   It is the right consistency for creaming with sugar. Biscuit and pie pastry recipes call for ice-cold butter in order to create the flakiest layers. If your butter isn’t the correct temperature, your bakes won’t mix up the way they should.

  13   

When it comes to baking, it’s always preferable to measure your ingredients by weight rather than volume. This ensures you get exactly the right proportions. It may not be critical for something simple like a pan of cake, but it’s important with picky baked items, such as macarons.

Freeze cookie dough.

We know how tempting it is to get your cookies in the oven the second you’re done mixing up your dough.   14   And it prevents cookies from spreading too much. Do not skip this step!

Cool cakes completely before frosting.

Always let your cakes, cupcakes, and cookies cool completely before frosting them. If they are too warm, the frosting will slide right off the top of your cake or melt and dip in.   15   If you don’t have one, take the cover off your ironing board and use the board as a cooling shelf.

A. Use the right butter.

B. Weigh all your ingredients.

C. If they are cool, it will be great.

D. Cooling shelves speed up the process.

E. Most cake and cookie recipes call for softened butter.

F. However, cooling the dough can help develop flavors.

G. Don’t worry — if the ancient Egyptians could do it, so can you!

【答案】GEBFD

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了烘焙的步骤和注意事项。

11.上文提示：如果你以前从未烘焙过，这篇指南将解释烘焙的基本原理，并提供烘烤特定食物类别的小贴士，并给出一些有助于你开始烘焙的建议。结合后文主要介绍了烘焙的流程，可知本句是在说明烘焙人人都能做到。故G选项（别担心——如果古埃及人都能做到，你也能！）符合语境，故选G。

12.本部分小标题是Use butter at the right temperature.（温度差不多时，再加黄油。）。下文提示：黄油适合和糖一起搅成奶油。饼干和派糕点的制作方法要求使用冰黄油，以便制作出最薄的层次。但如果你的黄油温度不正确，你的烘焙就不会搅拌成你想要的样子。本段主要是关于黄油的软化问题，E选项中butter对应标题中butter。故E选项（大多数蛋糕和曲奇的食谱需要软化黄油。）符合语境，故选E。

13.下文提示：烘焙时，最好用重量来衡量配料多少，而不是按体积。这能确保你得到完全合适的分量。对于像一盘蛋糕这样简单的东西来说，这可能不是关键，但对于像马卡龙这样挑剔的烘焙食物来说，这却是很重要的。）可知，本段的建议是通过重量来衡量配料的多少，B选项中Weigh对应后文中weight。故B选项（称量所有的食材。）符合小标题，故选B。

14.根据小标题Freeze cookie dough.（冷却饼干面团）以及后文“And it prevents cookies from spreading too much. Do not skip this step!”（它还能防止饼干摊开得太多。不要跳过这一步！）可知，本段的主要内容围绕着冷却面团展开，后文介绍了冷却面团的好处，F选项中cooling the dough对应小标题Freeze cookie dough。故F选项（然而，冷却面团有助于风味的形成。）符合语境，故选F。

15.上文提示：总是等你的蛋糕、纸杯蛋糕和饼干完全冷却后再撒糖霜。如果它们温度太高，糖霜就会从蛋糕上滑下来，或者融化掉，浸入蛋糕中。下文提示：如果你没有，把熨衣板上的盖子拿下来，把熨衣板当作冷却架。后文提到把熨衣板当作冷却架，可知本句是在说明有冷却架的情况，D选项中Cooling shelves对应后文中a cooling shelf。故D选项（冷却架可以加快冷却过程。）符合语境，故选D。