湖北省宜荆荆恩四地市2022-2023学年高三上学期起点考试英语试题（含答案）

这是一份湖北省宜荆荆恩四地市2022-2023学年高三上学期起点考试英语试题（含答案），共15页。试卷主要包含了 非选择题的作答，15， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。

命题单位：宜昌市教育科学研究院
审题单位：荆门市教学研究室 恩施州教育科学研究院
2022.9
本试卷共12页，共67题。本试卷满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
★祝考试顺利★
注意事项：
1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3. 非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. What are the speakers talking abut?
A. The radi. B. The weather. C. The weekend.
2. Why des Lucy refuse the man's ffer?
A. She is very busy. B. She is prly paid. C. She is uncnfident.
3. What did Patrick d last Friday?
A. He went ut with a friend.
B. He sld his ld apartment.
C. He mved t anther place.
4. Which flight will the man take?
A. 10：20. B. 11：00. C. 11：45.
5. What is Jennifer ging t d?
A. Start a business. B. Check her wrk. C. Buy sme paper.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。
6. Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. At a bus stp. B. At an activity centre. C. At an infrmatin desk.
7. What will the man prbably d?
A. Buy a bk. B. G t a festival. C. Visit the wman.
听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10题。
8. Wh are the speakers?
A. A dctr and a patient.
B. A teacher and a student.
C. A salesman and a custmer.
9. What is prbably the cause f the man's prblems?
A. He ften vereats. B. He wrks t hard. C. He smkes heavily.
10. What des the wman ask the man t d?
A. Stp wrking and g n a vacatin.
B. Give up smking as sn as pssible.
C. Change his diet and get sme exercise.
听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13题。
11. Wh is Nat King Cle?
A. A pp singer. B. A researcher. C. A bus driver.
12. What did the researchers study abut bus drivers?
A. Their health prblems. B. Their facial expressins. C. Their wrking cnditins.
13. What is prved harmful t the bus drivers' health?
A. Wrking vertime. B. Bad thughts. C. Frced smiles.
听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17题。
14. What has Prfessr Brwn been busy with these days?
A. Training teachers. B. Teaching students. C. Writing textbks.
15. What des Prfessr Brwn think abut what he des?
A. It is enjyable. B. It is hard wrk. C. It is imprtant.
16. At what age did Prfessr Brwn start t learn music?
A. Three. B. Six. C. Twelve.
17. What is Prfessr Brwn gd at in terms f music?
A. Playing the pian. B. Writing wrds t sngs. C. Singing music pieces.
听下面一段独白，回答第18至第20题。
18. What d the Hffmans d fr a living?
A. They take up gardening. B. They sell vegetables. C. They run a guesthuse.
19. Hw much direct sunshine d tmat plants actually need every day?
A. Five hurs. B. Eight hurs. C. Twelve hurs.
20. Why d Irish ptates grw better in the shade?
A. They have deeper rts.
B. They have wider leaves.
C. They have bigger flwers.
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2.5分，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
A
This is nt a prblem in Munich even if it is already the afternn. The last light f the day can always be enjyed. Here are fur hiking turs fr late risers and after-wrk athletes. Let's get ut int nature quickly.
The Sundwn Tur
With a bit f luck, after 5 p. m. yu will have the whle view t yurself. Lake Walchensee lies belw, ppsite is the Herzgstand muntain, with the red sun setting belw it. If yu are walking dwn the muntain in the dark, hwever, yu shuld always have headlamps with yu, therwise it will becme t dangerus.
The Quick Tur
Smetimes the gd stuff is s much clser than yu think, n the Neureuth muntain, fr example. The tur frm the railway statin in Tegermsee up t the muntain is cmparably shrt and therefre suitable fr all walkers wh just want t stretch their legs after wrk has finished.
The Railway Tur
The greatest advantage f the Laber fr late-in-the-day leisure walkers lies, hwever, in the muntain railway: its last trip dwn the muntain desn't leave until between 4:30 p.m. and 5 p.m. S yu d nt need t wrry whether yu still have enugh time fr the relaxing return jurney.
The Cycling Tur
Wh says that peple wh like t take exercise later n in the day always have t walk? Even many Munich residents frget that, in additin t the river Isar, there is a river in the city which is just as beautiful. If yu want t explre the river and the assciated Wurmtal valley, rent a bike and fllw the shre frm Pasing ver Grafelfing and Gauting as far as Starnberg.
21. Which tur best suits a turist wh prefers ding light exercise?
A. The Sundwn Tur. B. The Quick Tur.
C. The Railway Tur. D. The Cycling Tur.
22. What is needed t take the Cycling Tur?
A. A headlamp. B. A guide. C. A muntain bike. D. A railway ticket.
23. What d the fur turs have in cmmn?
A. Prviding safety experience. B. Demanding a lw budget.
C. Cvering rivers and valleys. D. Suiting after-wrk turists.
B
My daughter Eve used t lve the Lightning McQueen character frm the film ‘Cars'. As a little baby she began t stp and smile every time she saw the character. She was happy when a relative bught her sme ‘Cars' tys.
I knew her interest in ‘Cars’ had disappeared recently; she's develped new interests since starting schl. But when I fund myself in a hurry t buy juice cartns（盒装果汁）, and the chice was between ‘Disney Princess’ r ‘Cars’ cartns, I tk the ‘Cars’ nes.
The next mrning she saw a cartn g int her lunch bag and tk it ut. She said it embarrassed her. She tld me it was because ‘Cars’ is ‘byish’. When I said t her that I thught she liked ‘Cars’, she said, very quietly, “I d, but I dn't want anyne t knw". Eve says children shuld be able t like whatever they want t, but the pressure t behave ‘like a girl’ has gt t her.
Children d understand the gendered messages they receive. They understand the gender rule ‘This is fr bys and that is fr girls, 'in the same way as ther kinds f scial rules. The perid between birth and age 7 is called The Imprint Perid, because this is when children learn abut everything arund them. They accept much f it as true. It's ne f the reasns gender-steretyped（性别刻板印象的）tys can be s damaging.
Frm the mment they are brn, children are expected t live up t expectatins f what it means t be a by r a girl. It's easy t see that they are influenced by the way tys are marketed. Children accept what their wrld tells them, s it's necessary t change the harmful steretypes they are being sld.
24. Why did the authr buy ‘Cars’ cartns?
A. She chse them nly ut f habit. B. She lved the characters in ‘Cars’.
C. She had n chice but t take them. D. She tried t stimulate Eve's interest.
25. Why did Eve take the cartn ut f her lunch bag?
A. She wanted it stred by her mther. B. She disliked being the envy f thers.
C. She lst interest in the ‘Cars’ cartn. D. She didn't want t be laughed at by thers.
26. What d kids tend t d during The Imprint Perid?
A. They learn hw t tell right frm wrng. B. They turn a blind eye t the surrundings.
C. They can be easily affected by scial rules. D. They care t much abut thers' thughts.
27. What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A. Let Tys Be Tys B. Girls Will Be Girls
C. Tys fr Bys Only D. Let Rules Be Rules
C
Thugh its effects are nt always visible t the human eye, plastic is chking life n Earth. The prcess fr manufacturing plastic wrsens climate change, and the spreading f plastic in the envirnment has led t heartbreaking sights.
Then there came a daydream: Can we create smething that will cnsume it?
A new study suggests that an enzyme（酶）which targets plyethylene terephthalate（PET）—a widely-used substance fund in a majrity f cnsumer packaging prducts that cntains 12 percent f all glbal waste—culd make that scientific dream, which is als necessity, int a reality.
The key ingredient was n natural enzyme knwn as PETase, accrding t the paper published in the scientific jurnal Nature. Using a machine learning mdel, scientists at the University f Texas figured ut what changes wuld cause the enzyme t be able t quickly break dwn the targeted types f plastic waste.
“It has been a well-explred prblem in many industries," Hal AIper, a prfessr in Chemical Engineering, said, “Therefre, we feel that this part f the prblem is easily achievable in a shrt perid f time. The mre challenging aspect will be making enzyme break dwn n a large scale with mixed plastics waste.”
This was nt the first effrt t slve the plastic pllutin prblem. In March 2016, Japanese researchers fund a bacteria that wuld “eat" the plastic until it turned int sludge（泥浆）. Last year, scientists at the University f Edinburgh annunced that E. Cli, a cmmn bacterium, culd be used t change PET int a kind f material, which might be able t be safely cnsumed by humans.
Janna Sadler, a bitechnlgy prfessr at the University f Edinburgh, characterized the new enzyme as the “fastest enzyme reprted t date" in terms f the speed f breaking dwn different plastics. "This makes it a very prmising technlgical develpment in the field, and demnstrates the better adapted usage f this enzyme," Sadler said.
28. What's the functin f the first paragraph?
A. T explain a unique phenmenn.
B. T stimulate the readers' curisity.
C. T analyze the cause f the situatin.
D. T prvide sme backgrund infrmatin.
29. What is the challenging prblem scientists are facing?
A. Turning the scientific dream int a reality.
B. Causing the enzyme t wrk mre effectively.
C. Putting a machine learning mdel int practice.
D. Making the enzyme disslve plastics massively.
30. Why are the examples mentined in Paragraph 6?
A. T evaluate the scientists' previus effrts.
B. T intrduce sme similar bilgical means.
C. T prve the pssibility f recycling plastics.
D. T stress the imprtance f plastic-eating bacteria.
31. Which wrd best describes Sadler's attitude t the enzyme?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Optimistic. D. Critical.
D
It has been knwn fr sme time that children are able t learn at breathtaking speed. But hw des it wrk? That's what researchers have nw fund ut. Using an artificial intelligence tl and an eye-tracker that tracks the mvements f a baby's eyes, scientists frm the Thunders Research Institute fr Brain, Cgnitin（and Behavir investigated ne f children's greatest mysteries and came t a surprising cnclusin.
It may seem very different, but babies are certainly nt lying arund randmly. "Babies dn't explre the wrld by chance, with their eyes falling n it. Babies have a strategy if they want t understand the wrld. First, they lk fr thse pieces f infrmatin that allw them t understand ther infrmatin faster and mre efficiently. On the cntrary, if they see an bject r event frm which they can learn nthing further, they simply reject it. Only the infrmatin useful t them, they select,” says Dr Francesc Pli.
That sunds easier, even fr a baby, than dne. Because hw des a baby knw what is imprtant and what is nt?
"Let's take a gd example: learning t talk. What we see as always is that babies wh are abut t say their first wrd begin t investigate a few weeks befre hw t use their muths t talk. Instead f lking at the eyes in faces, they study carefully fr weeks the muths f the peple wh talk t them. S they are in a cnstant state f maximum learning capacity!"
"Babies build their knwledge. They are like little scientists wh like t see their idea challenged. Fr example, they learn very quickly that bjects fall dwn and dn't just disappear. And this is why they lve bubbles（泡沫）s much: they d flat up and then disappear!”
32. What is the surprising cnclusin abut children?
A. They explre the wrld purpsefully. B. They are attracted t all infrmatin.
C. They are breathtakingly fast learners. D. They pssess exceptinal intelligence.
33. What des the underlined wrd "that" in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Studying further. B. Observing the wrld.
C. Learning strategically. D. Understanding infrmatin.
34. Why can bubbles fascinate babies greatly?
A. They make little scientists' life clrful. B. They challenge babies' existing cgnitin.
C. They prve what babies have just learned. D. They flat up quickly and dn't just disappear.
35. Which wrd can best describe baby learners accrding t the authr?
A. Cnfident and ptimistic. B. Observant and capable.
C. Cnsistent and persistent. D. Dynamic and respnsible.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分l2.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It's a sunny afternn, and my wife Barbara is at the park again, cunting and recrding the number f eggs laid by mnarch butterflies. 36 Nbdy is Paying Barbara, but she cnsiders herself lucky t be a “Citizen Scientist”.
When vlunteers participate as assistants in activities like these, they are engaging in citizen science, a valuable research technique. 37 Sme f them are science teachers r students, but mst are simply amateurs wh enjy spending time in nature. They als take pride in aiding scientists and indirectly helping t prtect the envirnment. The mvement they are invlved in is nt a new ne. 38 One f the earliest prjects f this type is the Christmas Bird Cunt, started by the Natinal Audubn Sciety in 1900. And citizen science prjects are develping mre than ever.
In frmal studies, Prfessinal scientists and ther experts need t maintain the highest pssible standards. 39 Sme might argue that citizen scientists cannt maintain the necessary attentin t detail, r that amateurs will misunderstand the cntext f the investigatin and make mistake when cllecting and rganizing. In ther wrds, can citizen science be cnsidered truly reliable?
40 The first fcused n vlunteer knwledge and skills. In this study, a scientist asked vlunteers t identify types f crabs. He fund that almst all adult vlunteers culd perfrm the task well. The secnd study cmpared prfessinal and nn-prfessinal methds. Bth prved successful. Results like these suggest that research assisted by amateurs can be trusted when scientists rganize it.
A. Tw recent studies shw that it can.
B. In fact, its rts g back ver a hundred years.
C. It invites the public t assist in gathering infrmatin.
D. The best citizen science prjects are win-win situatins.
E. She was awarded the “Citizen Scientist" which is a great hnr.
F. Their research must nt nly be thrugh, but als bjective and accurate.
G. After cllecting her data, she'll share it with the prfessinal scientist wh hired her.
第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节：完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a nurse, Fawcett jumps arund frm the emergency rm t the COVID-19 units upstairs. The unique 41 has allwed her t see all aspects f the disease—frm patients n their death beds t thse 42 enugh t recver. But her fellw nurses in the emergency rm have been s 43 and helpless, wh dn't see any light at the end f this dark tunnel. “The patients are just 44 ,” the nurse said.
At a mrning meeting, Fawcett decided t 45 what she witnessed with her fellw nurses. It really gives them a little 46 in their step. Fawcett has wrked vertime since an ld man was admitted. "This man came in, lking very 47 . His wife was accmpanying him,” she recalled, "We cried tgether and 48 tgether. I did nt think he was ging t make it.” Hwever, the turning pint came a week later. He had been taken ff the ventilatr（呼吸机）and was 49 . He was sitting in a chair, smiling at his wife! It was just 50 .
The 51 has becme a mtivatin fr the nurses wh struggle t keep up their 52 during grwing pandemic（流行病）. They feel mre 53 t everyne there because they're all ging thrugh this war tgether. 54 the awesme death rate, they are firmly cnvinced that the pandemic will surely pass and everything will 55 be fine.
41. A. gal B. rle C. habit D. desire
42. A. frtunate B. cntent C. energetic D. grateful
43. A. annyed B. surprised C. embarrassed D. discuraged
44. A. checking ut B. settling dwn C. flding in D. hlding n
45. A. share B. discuss C. cmpare D. match
46. A. develpment B. encuragement C. cmmitment D. accmplishment
47. A. strange B. cnfident C. brave D. hrrible
48. A. shuted B. prayed C. argued D. cmplained
49. A. returning B. struggling C. recvering D. prgressing
50. A. incredible B. irregular C. unreasnable D. unavidable
51. A. smile B. cmfrt C. ptimism D. enthusiasm
52. A. standard B. strength C. spirit D. pace
53. A. expsed B. cnnected C. stuck D. lcked
54. A. Due t B. Apart frm C. In spite f D. In cntrast t
55. A. typically B. prbably C. apparently D. eventually
第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Earlier this June, the Olympic Cuncil f Asia annunced that the 2022 Asian Games, 56 was riginally scheduled fr September in Hangzhu, wuld be pstpned due t the pandemic situatin. Accrding t the Games' rganizing cmmittee, all 56 cmpetitin venues and 31 training venues will be 57 （gradual）pened t the public frm July 1.
Sprts centers with relatively lw peratin csts will prvide free admissin t their gymnasiums, squares, and track and field venues. Thse 58 （design）t hst cmpetitins—such as rwing, shting and cycling -will hire prfessinal teams t run the venues and maintain facilities. It 59 （anticipate）that these venues will ffer sprts-related experience activities t the public. Venues lcated in universities will stage 60 （variety）f sprts events, imprving their utilizatin（使用）beynd their daily use in students' educatin.
The cmmittee has prmised t pen venues 61 a cntrlled and rderly manner as it tries t prtect and maintain the quality f the facilities. Each venue will establish 62 peratin and maintenance team 63 （ensure）that the venue will meet the requirements f the Asian Games.
The pening f the venues and facilities 64 （emphasize）the imprtant rles that the 2022 Asian Games play in enhancing sprts culture, meeting the grwing needs f citizens, 65 gaining experience fr hlding high-level cmpetitins.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：书面表达（满分15分）
假如你是校英语社团负责人李华，请给外教Carline写邮件邀请她担任英语配音（dubbing）比赛的评委。内容包括：
1. 比赛时间和地点；
2. 比赛环节安排。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Catherine was the clest kid in her class. Wherever she went, she was in the sptlight, with a bunch f kids fllwing her and ding everything she did.
Her deskmate, Landy, hwever, was nt in the cl kids' grup. Being the tallest kid in her class, she was laughed at by her classmates, wh were always chanting（唱起…歌）“Landy, Landy, lng as spaghetti（意大利面）”
Catherine didn't really like it when the kids chanted “Landy, Iandy, lng as spaghetti". But she never tld them t stp either, and nr did she ever talk t her. She liked being ppular.
One weekend, Catherine went ver t visit her grandfather. Her grandfather lives n a farm, where he keeps chickens. While helping t feed the chickens, Catherine nticed a special ne. Hidden in the crner, it lked smaller than the thers and was almst half-bare!
“What`s the matter with it?" She asked her grandfather, with a puzzled frwn n her face. Her grandfather tld her hw chickens culd act. “They have a pecking（啄）rder,” he explained, wrinkles f cncern spreading arund his frehead. “If ne chicken is different, the thers will push it away and keep pecking it. Smetimes they peck it s much that it dies."
“Oh, what a pr little thing" Catherine let ut a sigh as she picked the frightened chicken up in her arms, whse heart was beating fast in the bny little bdy. Suddenly, she thught f Landy, the girl being "pecked" by her classmates. "I'm ging t take it hme and take gd care f it," she said with a determined lk.
Back in schl, Catherine tld the cl kids abut the chicken. “It's lking healthy," she said prudly. "It's fatter and its feathers are grwing. Even the cat likes it. She carries it arund the garden, and…" Everyne was entertained by Catherine's stry f her lvely chicken, laughter spreading arund the classrm.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then Catherine sptted Landy seated alne in a crner. _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
But Catherine walked directly tward Landy, regardless f what they said. ________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2023届高三（9月）起点考试
英语参考答案
听力
1-5 BACAC 6-10 CBABC 11-15 ABCCA 16-20 BACAB
阅读理解
21-23 BCD 24-27 ADCA 28-31 DDBC 32-35 ACBB 36-40 GCBFA
完形填空
41-45 BADCA 46-50 BDBCA 51-55 ACBCD
语法填空
56. which 此处考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构可知，此处缺少定语从句关系代词，它在句中作主语，在非限制性定语从句中关系词用 which。
57. gradually 此处考查词性转换。此处应用副词作状语修饰谓语动词 pened,故应填 gradually, 意为“逐渐地”。
58. designed 此处考查非谓语动词。designed t hst cmpetitins 做定语修饰 Thse，主语 thse 与动词 design 为被动关系，因此此处应填动词-ed形式designed。
59. is anticipated 此处考查谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，空白处缺少谓语动词，it is anticipated that 据希望，此处应填 is anticipated。
60. varieties 此处考查名词复数。本句中 varieties f 表示“各种各样的”，此处应填 variety的复数形式。
61. in 此处考查介词。 in a…manner 表示以…的方式，此处应填 in。
62. an 此处考查冠词。 “establish an peratin and maintenance team” 意为建立一个操作和维护小组。
63. t ensure 此处考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语作目的状语，表示“为了确保”。句意 “t ensure that the venue will meet the requirements f the Asian Games” 确保场馆将会满足亚运会的要求。
64. emphasizes 此处考查谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，空白处缺少谓语动词， “The pening f the venues and facilities”做主语，此处谓语用单数形式。
65. and 此处考查并列连词。“enhancing sprts culture, meeting the grwing needs f citizens, 和 gaining experience fr hlding high-level cmpetitins并列。
应用文
Dear Carline,
I’m Li Hua, a student in charge f ur schl English club. Cnsidering yur prficiency in English, I’m writing t sincerely invite yu t be ur judge fr the upcming dubbing cntest.
Intended t make us appreciate the charm f English and aruse ur interest in ral English, the shw is scheduled fr next Friday afternn lasting frm 3 pm t 5pm in the schl meeting hall. Amng the 12 selected grups, nly thse wh have excellent prnunciatin and intnatin, vivid rle play as well as decent cstume will stand ut frm thers. Befre the prize-giving ceremny, yu are expected t give an verall evaluatin f their perfrmance and sme practical suggestins. I’m sure it will be an audi and visual feast fr all f us.
We wuld appreciate it if yu culd take my invitatin int cnsideratin. Lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs
Li Hua
读后续写
【文本分析】本文以班里同学关系为线索展开，讲述了班里最酷的孩子Catherine受到同学众星捧月般的欢迎，而她的同桌Landy却受到冷落，因为她个头最高，同学们给她起了侮辱性的外号“意大利面条”。Catherine在农场发现一只被其它的鸡欺负的可怜的小鸡，深感同情，从而联想到Landy，意识到大家不应该欺负她，Catherine回到学校后，号召大家团结Landy的故事。
【思路点拨】
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然后Catherine发现Landy独自坐在角落里。”可知，第一段描写Catherine发现Landy被冷落的样子而产生的联想，Catherine准备道歉，引起其他同学的惊讶。
②由第二段首句内容“Catherine不顾他们说什么径直朝Landy走去。”可知，第二段描写Catherine主动找Landy道歉，Landy和其他同学深受感动。
2.续写线索：意识——反思——惊讶——道歉——拥抱——感动
【参考范文】
Then Catherine sptted Landy seated alne in a crner. She ducked her head with her eyes fixed n the flr as usual. It hit Catherine that the pecking rder wrked in schl, t. Landy was just like the pr little chicken, being teased and ignred by her classmates, merely due t her special height. “It’s high time t d smething fr a change.” Catherine thught t herself. Having made up her mind, she urged the rest cl kids t make peace with Landy. Astnished at what she said, all the kids burst ut screaming, “Talking t the lng spaghetti? Are yu crazy?”
But Catherine walked directly tward Landy, regardless f what they said. “Landy, srry abut the spaghetti thing. I shuld have realized it earlier. Can yu frgive us?” Catherine murmured an aplgy, her face reddening. She figured Landy might just walk away. But she lifted her misty eyes and ndded yes. Catherine wiped away her tears, giving her a warm hug. Mved by the scene, the ther kids als came t ffer their sincere aplgies t Landy. Frm that day n, n ne made up silly chants abut Landy, and Catherine als learned that everyne shuld be treated equally n matter hw special he r she was.
阅读理解
A
21. B 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句这个旅行相对比较短适合那些下班后只想伸伸腿做些轻微运动的人。
22. C 细节理解题。由第五段最后一句租一辆自行车沿着海边骑行可知。
23. D 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知下文四个旅行适合下班后的旅行者。
B
24. A 细节理解题。由第二段作者知道女儿对《赛车总动员》的玩具兴趣减弱，当她买东西时很匆忙, 但还是选择了含有汽车图案的盒装果汁可知，作者是潜意识地出于习惯性地选择女儿曾经喜欢的东西。
25. D 推理判断题。由第三段中的 embarrassed…but I dn`t want anyne t knw 以及 the pressure t behave ‘like a girl’ has gt t her 可知, Eve 迫于压力想让自己举止像个女孩子,不想被别人嘲笑。
26. C 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的 because this is when children learn abut everything arund them. They accept much f it as true 可知，处于印记阶段的孩子对周围的事物基本全盘接收。
27. A 最佳标题题。作者认为不应该给玩具贴性别标签, 玩具就是玩具,不应该分“男女”。
C
28. D 第一段主要讲述了塑料对气候和环境的影响，为第二段的问题我们能否研制某个东西来处理这些塑料提供了背景信息。
29. D 根据第五段最后一句可知更具挑战的方面在于让酶大量地分解这些混合塑料垃圾。
30. B 根据第六段第一句“这不是研究者第一次通过努力去解决塑料污染问题”可知，此段列举两个成功的例子是为了介绍一些类似的生物解决方法。
31. C 根据最后一段 Sadler 把这种新型酶描述成迄今分解塑料最为快速的酶，使它成为这个领域非常有前途的科技发展可知，Sadler 的态度是乐观的。
D
32. A 根据第二段婴儿在理解世界的时候会使用策略，他们会观察物体寻找有用的信息，拒绝对他们无用的东西，所以婴儿是有目的地探索世界。
33. C 第二段主要讲述了婴儿如何有策略地去学习，此处 that 指代上文即婴儿有策略地学习。
34. B 根据第五段婴儿就像小科学家一样，喜欢看到自己的想法受到挑战。例如，他们知道物体会掉落，但不是消失。这就是为什么他们喜欢泡泡：泡泡浮起来然后消失，这和他们的认知是不一样的，所以就激发了他们的兴趣。
35. B 根据全文可知婴儿善于观察且具有极强的学习能力，故选 B。cnfident and ptimistic自信的、乐观的；cnsistent and persistent. 坚持不懈的；Dynamic and respnsible 充满活力的、有责任的。
七选五
36. G G项data 指代空前一句话提到的作者妻子 Barbara 记录的数据。
37. C C项It指代前一句话中的 citizen science。
38. B 上文提到平民科学不是新兴事物，下文讲到平民科学最早的一个项目，所以 B 项承上启下。
39. F 上文讲到正式研究中，专业科学家们需要保持尽可能高的标准。F 项“他们的研究不仅要彻底，而且要客观准确。”是对高标准的进一步明示，承接上文。
40. A A项总括最后一段，Tw recent studies 指代下文两个研究。
完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主题语境为人与社会。由于新冠感染者激增，医院护士面对死去的病人心灵受到打击，感到无助。此时 Fawcett 向她们讲述了一个感染病毒存活希望不大但最终战胜了病魔的老人的故事，以此来增强同事们对抗疫情的信心。
41. 答案B。考查名词。根据前文 as a nurse 得知 the unique rle 这一角色，A. gal目标，C. habit 习惯D. desire 欲望都不符合上文语境。
42. 答案 A。考查形容词。根据前文的 death bed 和后文的 enugh t recver 得知是 frtunate enugh 足够幸运。
43. 答案 D。考查形容词。通过他们在黑暗的隧道看不到光亮用来比喻护士们对抗病魔的绝望心情。
44. 答案 C。考查动词短语。fld in 大量涌入；check ut 结账离开；settle dwn 定居、安定下来；hld n 坚持。病人们不断涌进来让护士们对抗病魔的感到绝望。
45. 答案 A。考查动词。Fawcett 决定和同事们分享所见所闻来振奋她们的精神。
46. 答案 B。考查名词。Fawcett 的分享真正地给了同事们一些鼓励。cmmitment 承诺、承担；accmplishment 成就。
47. 答案 D。考查形容词。下文提到老人可能撑不下去，说明老人入院时病情严重，所以看起来很糟糕（lk hrrible）。
48. 答案 B。考查动词。老人病重，Fawcett 和妻子一起为老人祈祷。
49. 答案 C。考查动词。一周以后迎来了转机，老人取下了呼吸机，身体开始恢复，所以选 recvering。
50. 答案 A。考查形容词。前文提到老人撑不下去，后文提到recver，所以令人难以置信。incredible 令人难以置信的；irregular 无规律的，不规则的；unreasnable 不合情理的；unavidable 不可避免的。
51. 答案 A。考查名词。前文提到老人正坐在椅子上，对着妻子微笑，可知老人的笑颜对于护士来说是一种动力。
52. 答案 C。考查名词。前文说到护士面对如此多受感染的病人，感到气馁，所以一直在努力保持他们的斗志，spirit。
53. 答案 B。考查动词。由后文的 g thrugh the war tgether 可知护士们精诚团结共同对抗新冠疫情，所以他们感觉联系的更加紧密了，故选 cnnected。
54. 答案 C。考查介词词组。尽管可怕的死亡率，但是护士们很坚定疫情定会过去，一切终将美好。
55. 答案 D。考查副词，同上。eventually 最终地；typically 通常；典型地；prbably 可能地；apparently 明显地。
听力原稿:
Text 1
M: Beautiful day, isn’t it?
W: Yes, it’s nt like what the radi said at all.
M: I wish it wuld stay this way fr the weekend.
W: As lng as it desn’t snw.
Text 2
M: Lucy, yu’re really a gd tennis player.
W: Thank yu. I like playing tennis very much.
M: Why nt jin my training centre and teach fr us? Yu can earn sme extra mney.
W: I’d like t, but I dn’t think I can fit that int such a tight schedule.
Text 3
W: Patrick mved ut last Friday. He’s nw living in a nice and quiet neighbrhd.
M: Yes, I heard abut it. I wnder if he’s paying mre fr the new apartment. Anyway, he must be very glad t leave this nisy place.
Text 4
M: Hell, is there a flight leaving fr Lndn at 11:00?
W: Nthing rund that time, but there are flights leaving at 10:20 and 11:45.
M: All right, I’ll take the earlier ne.
Text 5
M: Jennifer, ur business is grwing fast. Please make sure that we have enugh paper t keep up with ur wrk.
W: I remember we bught sme last mnth. Shall I rder sme mre nw?
M: Yes, please d.
Text 6
M: Hell. Culd yu please help us? We’d like a map f this city.
W: Yes, here yu are.
M: Oh, culd yu als give us sme infrmatin abut the film festival?
W: Take this bklet. It has all the infrmatin abut the activities that will be put n during the festival.
M: Thanks. And ne last thing, d yu have a bus timetable fr East Twn?
W: Yes, here yu are.
M: Thank yu very much.
Text 7
W: Hw can I help yu, Mr. Daniels?
M: Well, I started having headaches a cuple f weeks ag and they’re getting wrse. I can’t sleep prperly. I feel tired all the time. And the wrst thing is my hair is ging grey and I’m nly 30.
W: I see. Let me ask yu sme questins. D yu smke?
M: N. I gave up a mnth ag.
W: Right. I see yu’re a salesman. Hw many hurs a week d yu wrk?
M: Nrmally, I d eight hurs a day. But at the mment I’m wrking at least 10 hurs and sme Saturdays.
W: That’s a lt. What d yu d when yu want t have a rest?
M: Well, I usually sit in frnt f the TV with a sandwich and a few beers.
W: Hmm. D yu d any exercise at the mment?
M: Nt really. But I’m lsing a lt f weight and I dn’t knw why.
W: I think yu are suffering frm verwrk. I want yu t eat a wider variety f fd and d sme exercise. Cme back and see me in fur weeks and I’ll give yu a check-up.
Text 8
W: D yu knw Nat King Cle?
M: Yu mean the pp singer? Yeah. What abut him?
W: In his sng “Smile”, he tells peple t smile thrugh heartbreak. But nw, research suggests that false happiness may just make things wrse.
M: Really? Tell me mre abut it.
W: Researchers tk pictures f bus drivers and then lked int the expressins n their faces.
M: They did? What happened then?
W: After fllwing the drivers clsely, researchers fund that the drivers had t frce a smile at wrk. They felt s bad that they wanted t give up their jbs.
M: I never imagined it culd be s serius. Why is that?
W: The reprt says when peple try t hld back bad feelings, it turns ut that the feelings becme even strnger and last lnger.
M: Lk at my face. D I smile a real smile?
Text 9
W: Prfessr Brwn, which d yu prefer, writing r teacher training?
M: Well, I enjy bth very much. In fact, I wuldn't want t give up either. These days mst f my time is spent n writing. I g t the university just tw half days a week t wrk with graduate students.
W: What plans d yu have fr the future?
M: Nw that we have cmpleted a textbk and its new CD prgram, we plan t develp mre textbks fr ther markets. Peple smetimes say t me, “Yu wrk t hard.” The truth is I enjy what I d, and I dn't cnsider it t be wrk.
W: What d yu like t d that's nt educatin-related?
M: I like playing the pian. I'm frtunate t have been brn with the ability t play the pian by ear. If I remember a music piece, I can play it. I'm nt sure hw I d it, but I've had that ability since the age f twelve. I tk music lessns frm the age f six. I als write music. Althugh I'm a language teacher, I can't write wrds t sngs. I have t turn t thers fr the wrds. Actually, I have mre cnfidence in my bk-writing ability than my sng-writing ability.
Text 10
W: Hell, everyne. Welcme back t the prgram. We all knw plants need sunshine t grw. But actually, nt all vegetables need lts f sunshine. Mark Hffman and his wife wn a guesthuse in Kemptn, Illinis. They ften serve their guests fresh vegetables frm their garden. Fr almst ten years, the Hffmans have been experimenting with shade plantings. Curius visitrs ften ask hw they d it. Here is the answer: they grw tmates near the trees that prduce a lt f shade. Tmat plants grw as lng as they get five hurs a day f direct sunshine, especially mrning sun. This ges against the traditinal advice that tmates need eight, even twelve hurs a day f full sun. In fact, plants and tree rts can share smething in cmmn. Besides tmates, the Hffmans grw Irish ptates. Plants with wider leaves seem t d better in shady envirnments. The ptates grw better in the shade than in full sun. Dear Carline,
Yurs,
Li Hua