2022届高考英语一轮复习语法专题8：主谓一致

高中英语语法专题8：主谓一致

一．概述：

主谓一致指谓语动词（包括系动词）在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。在解题过程中既要考虑谓语动词或系动词应该使用那种时态，又要考虑使用单复数的问题。比如我们一起来观察下面四个选自高考语法填空题中的句子：

1. In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _______ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.

我们看到主语it立刻可以确定be动词应该使用单数形式，再观察前一句时间状语为in 1969可以确定时态为一般过去时态，得出was这个答案。

2. There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _________ (have) to worry about fashion.

先去掉when引导的时间状语从句，得到主语是nobody的结论，且为单数，观察前后两句时态均为一般现在时态，综合分析得出答案has。

3. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it _________ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.

由it在宾语从句中做主语看出be动词应该使用单数，再由says一词看出主语使用的是一般现在时态，那么从句保持一致，得出答案is。

4. Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food _________ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

主语为fast food，单数；上一句看出整体使用的是一般现在时态，且本句陈述的是一个事实，也应该使用一般现在时态，得出的答案is。

二．高考常考主谓一致的类型：

上面举的几个例子只是冰山一角，高中涉及到的主谓一致的情形不止这几种，下面我们做一个归纳。

（一）as well as, along with, with, together with, like, besides, in addition to，but连接两个名词做主语时，谓语动词和前面的名词保持一致，也就是就前原则，也可以称之为就远原则。要注意的是，and不符合就前原则，因为and表示并列，前后加起来应该是复数。相比较而言，with相关的这几个词表示的是伴随，可以忽略不计，所以符合就前原则。比如：

5. E-mail, as well as telephones, __________ an important part in daily communication.

A. is playing             B. have played          C. are playing         D. play

6. The father together with his three children __________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.

A. is going              B. go                  C. goes               D. are going

7. A library with five thousand books _________ to the nation as a gift.

A. is offered            B. has been offered          C. are offered         D. have been offered

8. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _________ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.

A. work                 B. working            C. is working           D. are working

9. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, __________ visit Beijing this summer.

A. is going to              B. are going to       C. was going to            D. were going to

10. Nobody but Jane __________  the secret.

A. know                 B. knows               C. have known         D. is known

11. No one in the department but Tom and I ________ that the director is going to resign.

A. knows          B. know            C. have known           D. am to know

（二）分数，百分数，a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half of, the rest of, the majority of等跟可数名词做主语，谓语动词用复数；跟不可数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。分析其根本原因，在于上述这次词或短语加上名词之后，并没有从本质上改变该名词的单复数的性质。apples是复数，加上half of之后变成了half of apples，一半的苹果，一堆苹果的一半其实还是复数。比如：

12. _________ of the land in that district _________ covered with trees and grass.

A. Two fifth … is        B. Two fifth … are    C. Two fifths … is        D. Two fifths … are

13. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth _________ sea.

A is                    B are                 C were                 D has been

14. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _________ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.

A. is                    B. are               C. was              D. were

15. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area __________.

A. need repairing           B. needs to repair      C. needs repairing             D. need to repair

16. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _______ saved for other purposes.

A. is              B. are                C. was              D.  were 

17. One third of the country _________covered with trees and the majority of the citizens __________black people.   

A. is; are           B. is; is                C. are; are             D. are; is

（三）由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but…连接的两个词做主语时，根据就近原则，谓语动词的形式以邻近的主语的数而定。在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致，也符合就近原则。比如：

18. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ______ tired of having one examination after another.

A. is                   B. are                  C. am                D. be

19. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

A. are                    B. is                   C. have                   D. be        

20. There _____ a book and some pens on the desk.

There _____ some pens and a book on the desk.

Here _____ some cakes and an egg for you.

特别说明一下，很多学生不理解为什么there be句型也符合就近原则，比如上面这个例句There _____ a book and some pens on the desk. 明明桌子上有书和笔好几个东西啊，理应是复数才对啊，为什么要用is。其实我们换个更典型的例子就更好理解了。

There ________ a man and three pigs in the room.

如果填are，那么就有一个逻辑上的矛盾出现了，房间里到底是有四个人还是有四头猪呢？显然，人和猪不同类，所以不能相加。这就是根本原因。

（四）当either (each, one)+ of+复数名词, 或some, any, no, every和body, one或thing构成复合不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

many a +可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数形式。

不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词，即使用 and或逗号连接作主语，或主语为more than one + n. 谓语动词依然用单数。

我们举几个例子来观察思考一下：

①Every boy and every girl has a book in their bags.

意思等同于：Every person has a book in his or her bag.

②Many a teacher has been there.

意思等同于： Many teachers have been there.

③More than one child has read the book.

意思等同于： Many children have read the book.

我们通过练习题来深化一下理解，比如：

21. --- Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _________ to go to university.

--- So do I.

A. hope           B. hopes           C. hoping            D. hoped

22. Every possible means _________ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

A. is used                  B. are used         C. has been used                     D. have been used

23. It is reported that many a new house __________  at present in the disaster area.      

A. are being built        B. were being built             C. was being built       D. is being built

24. —Did you go to the show last night?

—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ___________ invited.

A. were   B. have been   C. has been   D. was

备注：24题容易误选C项。时态分析错误。如果要使用完成时态，则应该用过去完成时态，而不是现在完成时态。具体可参考《高中英语语法专题2：时态和语态》

（五）当and连接的两个词表同一概念，或同一人（物）时，谓语动词用单数形式。比如：

25. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.

A. hasn’t been decided                         B. haven’t decided    

C. isn’t being decided                          D. aren’t decided

（六）a number of +可数名词复数做主语，谓语动词用复数。

the number of +可数名词复数做主语，谓语动词用单数。

要注意的是这两个短语的意思不一样，a number of意思为“大量的，许多的”，the number of意思为“...的数目”，这是造成两者所在的句子中谓语动词单复数不同的原因所在。比如：

26. The number of people invited _________fifty, but a number of them __________ absent for different reasons.

A. were; was            B. was; was           C. was; were         D. were; were

27. As you can see, the number of cars on roads __________ rising these days.

A. are keeping            B. keep                 C. keeps             D. were keeping

28. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities __________ rising steadily since1990.

A. is                    B. are                C. has been            D. have been

（七）表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量、温度等的复数名词做主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。书籍、文章等的名称也看作单数。动名词做主语，表示一件事，看做单数。

①Twenty years has passed since we left school. 我们离开学校已经20年了。

Twenty years虽然表面加了s是个复数的名词，但在该句子中表达的是一段时间，所以看做单数。

②Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money. 一万美元是一大笔钱。

Ten thousand dollars虽然表面也是复数，但在句子中表达是一笔钱这样的概念，不在于钱的多少，再多再少也是一笔钱，所以看做单数。

③Reading Skills is a book written by an American scholar.

Reading skills虽然加了s，但改变不了是一本书的本质，所以看做单数。

我们再通过下面几个习题巩固一下。比如：

29. It is great for these small kids to complete the running game. After all, 3000 meters _________ not a short distance.

A. is            B. are          C. has           D. have

30. Fifty dollars ___________ to the child, but he is still not satisfied.

A. was given    B. is given    C. has been given    D. have been given

31. The teacher together with the students ___________ discussing Reading Skills that _________ newly published in America.

 A. are; were                        B. is; were                     C. are; was            D. is; was

32. Listening to loud music at rock concerts _________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.

A. is                            B. are                          C. has                         D. have

（八）在“one of+复数名词+关系代词”的结构中，定语从句中谓语动词用复数形式；但是若前有the only, the every将其限定为只有一个时，谓语动词用单数形式。我们先观察下面这两个例句。

①Tom is one of the students who are good at playing football.

②Tom is the only one of the students who is good at playing football.

第一句，擅长踢足球的学生不止一个，Tom是其中之一。who指代students，看做复数。

第二句，擅长踢足球的学生其实就只有一个，那就是Tom。who虽指代的还是students，表面是复数，本质上是单数。

我们再通过下面两个习题巩固一下。比如：

33. He is the only one of the students who _________ a winner of scholarship in three years.

A. is                  B. are                 C. have been                D. has been 

34. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who_________evening dress.

A. wear      B. wears      C. has worn       D. have worn

（九）其他。我们观察下面两个例句。

①A singer and an actor ________ (be) going to give us a lecture tomorrow.

②A singer and actor _________ (be) going to give us a lecture tomorrow.

第一句，有两个冠词分别连接了歌手和演员，说明是两个人要一起来给我们上课，所以是复数，填are。

第二句，只有一个冠词a连接了歌手和演员，说明是一个人同时具有双重身份，既是歌手又是演员，所以是单数，填is。

我们再通过下面两个习题巩固一下。比如：

35. A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.

A. is                        B. are                         C. was                       D. were

36. A poet and an artist _________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.

A. is                        B. are                         C. was                       D. were

参考解析

（一）5--11 ACBCABA

（二）12--17 CACADA

（三）18--19 BB    20. is; is; are

（四）21--24 BCDA

（五）25 A

（六）26--28 CCC

（七）29--32 ACDC

（八）33--34 DB

（九）35--36 AB