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2022年人教版九年级中考语法讲解和练习-代词学案
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这是一份2022年人教版九年级中考语法讲解和练习-代词学案,共5页。学案主要包含了对点专练等内容,欢迎下载使用。
代词
是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。
一. 人称代词
1.人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示。
2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。如:
I like table tennis. (作主语)
D yu knw him? (作宾语)
3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如:
–Whse is kncking at the dr?
–It’s me.
4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。如:
He is lder than me.
He is lder than I am.
二. 反身代词
人称
英语中用来表示“我自己”,“你自己”,“他自己”,“我们自己”,“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词,其形式如表所示。
反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。
1. 作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。
Eg: He called himself a writer.
Wuld yu please express yurself in English?
2. 作表语。
Eg: It desn't matter.I'll be myself sn.
The girl in the news is myself.
3. 作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。
Eg: I myself washed the clthes. =I washed the clthes myself. (作主语同位语)
Yu shuld ask the teacher himself.(作宾语同位语)
三. 不定代词
不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下:
1. sme与any的区别
1)sme多用于肯定句,表示“一些,几个”作形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词+复数动词。
Eg: Lk! Sme f the students are cleaning the library.
Sme rice in the bag has been sld ut.
2)any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词+复数动词。
Eg: If yu have any questins, please ask me.
There isn't any range in the bttle.
Have yu gt any tea?
3)any和sme也可以作代词用,表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中,sme多用于肯定句中。
Eg: Hw many peple can yu see in the picture?
I can't see any.
If yu have n mney, I'll lend yu sme.
注意:与sme, any结合的词如smething,smebdy,smene,anything,anyne,anybdy在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和sme,any的用法相同。
2. few, a few,little,a little在用法上的区别
1)用作形容词:
表示肯定:
Eg: I'm ging t buy a few apples.
He can speak nly a little Chinese.
There is nly a little milk in the glass.
表示否定:
Eg: He has few friends.
They had little mney with them.
2)a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。
Eg: I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)
Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)
Mary, g a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)
She slept very little last night.
3. ther,the ther,anther,thers,the thers的区别。
1)ther可以作形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复数名词,“其他的、别的”。
Eg: Where are his ther bks?
I haven't any ther bks except this ne.
2)ther也可以用作代词,与冠词the连用构成“the ther”,表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与ne搭配构成“ne…, the ther …”句型。
Eg: He has tw brthers. One is 10 years ld , the ther is 5 years ld.
She held a ruler in ne hand and an exercise-bk in the ther.
3)ther作代词用时,可以有复数“thers”,泛指“另外的人或物”。常与sme搭配构成“sme…, thers…”句型。
Eg: Sme went t the cinema, thers went swimming.
This cat is t large. Shw me sme thers, please.
4)“the thers”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。
Eg: We gt hme by 4 'clck, but the thers didn't get back until 8 'clck.
In ur class nly Tm is English, the thers are Chinese.
5)anther可以作形容词用,修饰后面的名词,意为“另一个”,还可以跟代词ne.
Eg: Yu can see anther ship in the sea, can't yu?
Mary desn't want t buy this skirt. Wuld yu please shw her anther ne?
6)anther也可以作代词用,表示“另一个”。
Eg: I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me anther.
4.表两者的不定代词:bth(两者都,后跟复数),either(两者中任何一个,后跟单数),neither(两者中没有一个,后跟复数)
5.表三者的不定代词:all(三者或以上都,后跟复数),each(两者或以上任何一个,后跟单数)nne(三者或以上没有一个,后跟单数或复数)
6.many 和much的区别:many+可数名词复数,much+不可数名词
7.形容词修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词后面,如smething imprtant ,smewhere warm
8.it和ne 的区别:it指的是上面提到的同一物,ne指的是上面提到的同类物中的一个。
9.与hw有关的常用短语。
“hw ften”提问时,答语一般用“twice a day,smetimes,ften”等表频率的词。
“hw sn”提问时,答语一般用“in +一段时间”
“hw lng”提问时,答语一般用“fr +一段时间或since+时间点”
“hw far”提问路程,答语一般用“10 kilmeters / 20 minutes’ walk等”
“hw far”用来提问年龄,答语一般用“…years ld.”
四. 疑问代词
疑问代词有wh,whm,whse,what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。
【对点专练】:
( ) 1.The sng I Believe I Can Fly tells us that believing in _______ is very imprtant.
A. themselvesB. itselfC. urselvesD. yurselves
( ) 2.In ur schl, ____ students like English, but ____ f them can speak English smthly.
A. a little; a fewB. a few; fewC. a few, littleD. a little; few
( ) 3. –Which f the tw magazines will yu take?
–I’ll take ______ thugh I find ______ f them are very useful t me.
A. all; bthB. either; eitherC. either; neitherD. either; bth
( ) 4. –Susan, g and jin yur sister in cleaning the yard.
–Why ______? Jhn is sitting there ding nthing at all.
A. IB. meC. myselfD. mine
( ) 5. –This bk n idims is interesting. I’d like ______, where did yu buy it, Simn?
–In the Amazn Bkstre,
A. itB. thisC. thatD. One
( ) 6.We have friends t help us fight against pllutin, and trees are ne f ________.
A. themselvesB. theyC. theirD. them
( ) 7._______f us wants t g t the park tday, because we have t finish s much hmewrk.
A. EitherB. BthC. NeitherD.All
( ) 8.My sister is ld enugh t dress ______ nw.
A. himselfB. herselfC. myselfD.yurself
( ) 9.D yu have tys? I’d like t buy ______ fr my cusin.
A. itB. neC. ThisD. that
( ) 10.We must prtect plants. They are friends f ______.
A. weB. usC. urD. urs
( ) 11.Yu can take _____ f the tw ty cars and leave the ther fr yur brther.
A. bthB. nneC. eitherD. neither
( ) 12.Help ________ t sme fish, Jeff.
A. yuB. yurC. yursD. yurself
( ) 13.At present, children mean _______ t mst parents in China.
A. everythingB. nthingC. anythingD. smething
( ) 14.—Wuld yu like tea r cffee? —______, thanks! I’d prefer a cke.
A. BthB. NeitherC. AllD. Sme
( ) 15.I made a call t my parents yesterday, but _______ f them answered it.
A. eitherB. nneC. neitherD. nbdy
类别
人称
人称代词
主格
宾格
第一人称
单数
I
me
复数
we
us
第二人称
单数
yu
yu
复数
yu
yu
第三人称
单数
he
him
单数
she
her
单数
it
it
复数
they
them
单/复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yurself
himself;herself;itself
复数
urselves
yurselves
themselves
用法
含义
表示肯定
第二人称
用于可数名词
a few 虽少,但有几个
few 不多,几乎没有
用于不可数名词
a little 虽少,但有一点
little 不多,没有什么
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