2021届全国卷新高考英语阅读与写作专题拓展提升（35）

2021全国卷新高考英语阅读与写作专题拓展提升（35） 干旱虫害叠加疫情影响，全球粮食安全是否还有保障？导读疫情的居家令限制也会对农民的生产能力造成影响。如果农民不能及时进行农业投入，那么生产可能会受到影响，食品价格可能会上涨，全球粮食系统因此会受到冲击。  双语阅读 Different contexts affect food production, processing, trade, marketing and consumption. As a result of this, the food availability, accessibility, and affordability – as well as consumers’ dietary behaviour and nutritional status– vary. One possible picture is presented here to provide an idea on how Covid-19 might impact the global food system. 粮食的生产、加工、贸易、销售和消费会受到不同背景的影响。因此，粮食的可用量、可及性和可负担性以及消费者的饮食行为和营养状况各不相同。这里介绍了一种可能的情况，以说明新冠病毒可能如何对全球粮食系统造成影响。 Consumer demand plays a crucial role in food production and their demands depend on purchasing power and preference. Because of the lockdown, there is no work for many people; a result they do not have enough money to buy adequate food for their families. The closure of restaurants, school meals and tourism businesses may reduce the demand for fresh food. People buy frozen, dried and canned food with longer shelf life. Energy-dense, less nutritious foods are often more affordable than fresh and nutritious one.  消费者的需求在粮食生产中起着至关重要的作用，而他们的需求取决于购买力和偏好。由于封锁，许多人没有工作，导致他们没有足够的钱为家庭购买足够的食物。餐馆、学校食堂和旅游企业的关闭，可能会减少对新鲜食物的需求。人们会购买保质期更长的冷冻、干燥和罐装食品。高能量、低营养的食物往往比新鲜、有营养的食物更实惠。 According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Covid-19 is not likely to be transmitted through food. However, workers can get infected by each other if they do not maintain social distance properly. Shortage of labor can not only hamperfood production, but also the processing and handling of food. On the other hand, non-perishable food with longer shelf life may get prioritized over perishable food considering the demand. Some of these foods have lower nutritional value. 据美国疾病控制与预防中心的说法，新冠病毒不太可能通过食物传播。然而，如果工人之间没有适当地保持社交距离，就可能会互相传染。劳动力短缺不仅会影响粮食的生产，还会影响粮食的加工和处理。另一方面，考虑到需求量，保质期较长的不易腐烂的食品可能会优先于易腐烂食品（生产）。其中一些食品的营养价值较低。​1.shelf life 保质期shelf本意是架子；货架，“货架上的寿命”即保质期2.prioritized over 我觉得大家应该细品一下over代表的意思，很多短语的含义是由介词赋予的，over就有一种比...高的感觉，例如over the table Around the world, millions of people depend on international trade either for their livelihood or food security. The virus outbreak might slow down global trade and marketing of food. As a result, countries depending on imported food can face difficulties. The closure of ports and other supply restrictions will hamper food supply. The price of transferring food within and outside of the country may get more expensive. It means import may get more expensive and export may bring less money. 在世界各地，数百万人依靠国际贸易维持生计或保障粮食安全。病毒的爆发可能会减缓全球粮食贸易和销售的速度。因此，依赖进口粮食的国家可能面临困境。关闭港口和其他供应限制将阻碍粮食供应。在境内外调运粮食的价格可能会变得更贵。这意味着进口可能会变得更贵，出口赚的钱可能会更少。​On the other hand, the restriction in transport and supply can be the cause of food loss particularly for fresh fruits and vegetables. Companies may face difficulties to import the ingredients for different products which may disturb the production. 
 另一方面，运输和供应的限制可能是造成粮食，尤其是新鲜水果和蔬菜损失的原因。公司在为不同产品进口食材方面可能会面临困难，这可能会影响生产。 本文节选自：The Independent（独立报）作者：Sharmin Sultana原文标题：Impact of COVID 19 on global food system   词汇积累    1.lockdown英 [ˈlɑːkdaʊn] 美 [ˈlɑːkdaʊn]n.一级防范禁闭（期）、〔通常在发生犯人骚乱后对犯人实行的〕临时监禁、封锁〔建筑物以保护人员安全〕    2.Energy-dense英 [ˈenərdʒidens]美 [ˈenərdʒidens]adj. 高能量的    3.hamper英 [ˈhæmpər] 美 [ˈhæmpər]n. 食盒，食篮、有盖篮子〔用于盛装食品或作为礼篮〕、阻碍物、〔放置待洗脏衣服的〕洗衣筐 vt.妨碍；束缚；使困累    4.perishable英 [ˈperɪʃəbl] 美 [ˈperɪʃəbl]adj.（食物）易腐烂的，易变质的；（抽象事物）易消亡的，短暂的n.容易腐坏的东西    5.import英 /ɪmˈpɔːt/ 美 /ɪmˈpɔːt/n. 进口，进口货；输入；意思，含义；重要性vt.输入，进口；含…的意思vi. 输入，进口  词组搭配      1.canned food  罐装食品      2.shelf life  保存限期；[电] 贮藏寿命；闲置时间；适用期  写作句总结Consumer demand plays a crucial role in food production and their demands depend on purchasing power and preference.结构： … play a crucial role in ….…发挥了至关重要的作用例句： Campaigns to assist farmers by stars play a crucial role in solving the problem of unsaleable agricultural products.