13.倒装 课件-新疆乌鲁木齐市第一中学2021届高三英语语法知识点复习

这是一份13.倒装 课件-新疆乌鲁木齐市第一中学2021届高三英语语法知识点复习，共26页。PPT课件主要包含了本节内容概述，巩固练习，本节内容小结，完全倒装部分倒装等内容，欢迎下载使用。
倒装句在初中就已接触，在高中又对其内容进行深入拓展。在学习完本节内容后，应当对倒装句有充分的认识并掌握倒装句的构造和转换。本节将从完全倒装和部分倒装两部分展开。
英语句子通常是主语在前，谓语在后，称作自然语序。但有时谓语动词全部或部分放在主语之前，称作倒装语序。谓语动词全部放在主语之前的称作完全倒装，谓语动词的一部分（最主要的是助动词或情态动词）放在主语之前的，称作部分倒装。使用倒装语序或是语法上的要求，称作语法倒装；或是为了达到某种修辞目的，称作修辞性倒装。
一.完全倒装1. there 存在句。此种句型用引导词 there + be/cme/seem/remain/exist/stand/ lie/live/ccur/seem t be/appear t be/happen t be/used t be 等。对于 there be 结构，亦可在 be 前加情态动词，如 ught t, must，或如 be bund t, be likely t, be chance t 等。例如： There seems little difference between tw wrds — cmpliment and cmplement. There lies a lake there. There ccurred at that mment an unusual thing.
一.完全倒装2. 表地点的介词短语置于句首时，采用完全倒装。其形式为“地点状语 + 谓语（be, lie, sit等不及物动词）+ 主语”。例如： Over the wall came a shwer f stnes. At the crner (there) stands a man selling newspapers.* 这种句子与 there 存在句不同之处在于：地点状语置于句首时，there 使用与否均可。比较： There lies a river in the valley. In the valley (there) lies a river.** 这类句子有时可改用动词 be 和分词表示。例如： In the drway std a man. = Standing in the drway was a man.
一.完全倒装3. here, there, nw, then, up, dwn, away, ut, rund, in, int 等表示处所、方向的简短副词位于句首时，采用完全倒装。例如： Dwn came the rain. Away hurried the hunter. Rund and rund flew the plane. Out rushed the man and his wife.* 引导词 there 引导的存在句，与副词 there 用于句首以加强语气或引起注意的句子不同。there 作为引导词不重读，而作为副词需要重读。there 存在句中主语一般是泛指，而副词 there 开头的句子主语可以是特指或泛指。** 主语如果是人称代词，仍采用自然语序。例如： Here I am. There he cmes. Away they went.
一.完全倒装4. 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句可以采用完全倒装。但是如果主语为人称代词，则必须采用自然语序（主语为人称代词、动词 say 作谓语时可用倒装语序，但现在用的也比较少）。例如： “Certainly, yu are right,” answered Mr. Baker. “I have given my wrd n that, ” he answered.* 如果引述句的谓语动词后还有宾语，也只能采用自然语序。例如： “I'm leaving at nce,” Tm said t me.
一.完全倒装5. 强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡、上下文的衔接时，采用完全倒装。这一类还包括以 what 或 hw 开头的感叹句与以 such 开头且主语为名词的句子。例如： Fastened t the ple is the natinal flag. We saw a huse, in frnt f which std a tall tree.（上下文衔接） Gne are the days when my heart was yung and gay.（句子平衡） Such was his pinin.* 例句中最后一句若把 such 看作主语也可，句子则为正常语序。
二.部分倒装1. 主谓宾结构的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句，需要采用部分倒装。例如： Can yu answer this questin?* 疑问词作主语或修饰主语时，仍采用自然语序。例如： What delayed yu? What fl tld yu that?** 在否定疑问句中，否定词 nt 如放在主语后，属正式文体；否定词 nt 也可和助动词或情态动词连用，放在主语前，属口语体。例如： Why did yu nt find him there?（frmal written English） Why didn't yu find him there?（ral English）
二.部分倒装2. 含有否定意义的副词或连词，如 hardly, hardly ... when, little, neither ... nr, never, nt, nwhere, n sner ... than, seldm, nt until/till 置于句首时，采用部分倒装。例如： N sner had I gt hme than a friend called. Neither d I knw it, nr d I care abut it. Nwhere will yu find better rses than these. Seldm have I met such a bright student. Nt until then did he realize his wn fault.
二.部分倒装3. 含有否定意义的介词短语，如 by n means, at n time, in n way, nt in the least/slightest, n n accunt, under n circumstances, in n cnditin 等在句中作状语置于句首时，采用部分倒装。例如： By n means will she agree t ur plan. Nt in the least am I afraid f it. At n time have I said such a thing.
二.部分倒装4. nly 放在句首修饰状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）时，采用部分倒装。例如： Only then did I understand what she meant. Only in this way can yu learn frm yur mistakes. Only after yu have experienced the tughness f living withut cmpany will yu realize the preciusness f family.
二.部分倒装5. nt nly 放在句首时，其引导的句子采用部分倒装，而后若有如 but als 之类的词引导的句子，不采用倒装。例如： Nt nly des he d well in study, but als he is ready t help thers. Nt nly was there n fd, there was n water either.6. s/such ... that ... 中 such/s 的修饰成分置于句首时，前面采用部分倒装，而 that 引导的从句不倒装。例如： S fast did he speak that I didn’t fllw him. Such gd players are they that they ften win.
二.部分倒装7. as/thugh 引导的让步状语从句，构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词 + as/thugh + 主语 + 谓语”的倒装形式。例如： Late as it was, they cntinued t wrk. Child as he is =（Thugh he is a child）, he speaks English well. Try as he might, he didn't pass the exam. Clever as he is, he still made a silly mistake when perating the system. * hwever 引导的让步状语从句也需要采用倒装形式。例如： Hwever hard he wrked, he made n evident prgress.
二.部分倒装7. * as 引导的让步状语从句中，as 常处于第二个词的位置。谓语是系表结构时，将表语提前，并略去冠词。如 child as he is = althugh he is a child, yungest as he is = thugh he is the yungest 。而作表语的名词前，如果还有形容词修饰时，仍要保留冠词。例如： A yung man as he is, ... = Althugh he is a yung man, ... ** 从句中除表语提前外，如主语是名词，主语和谓语动词一般也要倒装；主语是代词，不用倒装。例如： Terrible as was the strm, we cntinued ur way. Pr as he was, he was hnest.
二.部分倒装7. *** thugh 表示“虽然，不管”时，可以把从句中的表语或状语等放到thugh 之前（与 as 用法相同），用倒装语序；也可用正常语序，而 althugh 只用于自然语序。例如： Yung thugh she is （= Thugh she is yung）, yet she is fit fr the jb.
二.部分倒装8. s 表示前句所说的情况也适用于另外的人或事时，neither 或 nr 放在句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另外的人或物，或是对另一个动作也予以否定时，采用部分倒装。例如： I enjyed the play and s did my friend. Yu say he wrks s hard, s he des and s d yu. Tm never ges t cncerts, neither des his wife. I have nt taken the bk, nr have I seen it.
二.部分倒装9. 省略 if 的虚拟条件句，采用部分倒装。这只限于句中有动词 had, shuld, were/was 的虚拟条件句。例如： Were I yu, I will aplgize t her. Had I knwn the truth, I wuld never have left her alne. 10. 一些表示祝愿的句子，需采用倒装语序。例如： May yu enjy a happy vacatin! May gd luck be yurs! Lng live the friendship!（live 作谓语，虚拟语气）
二.部分倒装11. “the + 比较级 ... the + 比较级”类句型，需采用部分倒装，主要是表语提前。例如： The harder he wrked, the happier he felt. The mre he thught abut it, the mre exasperated he grew.* 后面的主语是名词（特别是主语带较长的修饰语或定语从句时，主语和谓语动词一般要倒装）；主语是代词，主谓语大多不倒装。例如： The greater is the resistance f a wire, the smaller is the current which will flw thrugh the wire.
二.部分倒装12. 部分倒装也可用于否定祈使句加强语气以及 mind yu （听着，请注意）句式。例如： Dn't yu d it! Mind yu! I dn't say that it is certain.13. 强调表语、状语或宾语时，可采用部分倒装。例如： He had t be careful — and very careful he was.（强调表语） Often had I intended t speak f it.（强调状语） The next pint we'll discuss tmrrw.（强调宾语）
翻译：1. 我发誓我以后再不会犯同样的错误。 I swear that never afterwards will I make the same mistake.2. 冰冷的琴键上，流淌的是对你的衷情。 On the cld pian keys flws my affectin fr yu.3. 虽然他不曾是一个聪明的孩子，但是他勤勉且务实（pragmatic），这对他成功尤为重要。 Nt a clever child as he used t be, he was diligent and pragmatic, which is especially significant fr him t succeed.