（新人教版）浙江专用2022版高三一轮复习模块一第1讲名词学案（教师版）

这是一份（新人教版）浙江专用2022版高三一轮复习模块一第1讲名词学案（教师版），共8页。学案主要包含了可数名词的数，不可数名词，名词所有格等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ. 语法填空
1. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) The team transfrms the family’s lng weekend f celebratin (celebrate) with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
2. (2020·浙江高考)Later, they learned t wrk with the seasns(seasn), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use f annual flds t irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
3. (2019·浙江高考)Other American studies shwed n cnnectin/cnnectins (cnnect) between unifrms and schl perfrmance.
4. (2018·全国Ⅱ卷) This switch has decreased pllutin (pllute) in the cuntry’s majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr peple.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Next I brke the eggs int a bwl and beat them quickly with chpsticks(用筷子).
2. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)My mm is really cncerned with the health f everyne in ur family(我们家每一个人).
3. (2020·江苏高考)The health security systems (医疗安全体系)f many cuntries are underging cnsiderable transfrmatin.
4. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate huse t raise dzens f chickens(几十只鸡).
语法填空二谨记
1. 根据语境标志词判断名词
(1)看到冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词时, 要想到名词;
(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词;
(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。
2. 根据规则确定名词单复数
(1)如果空格处被these, several, many和数词等修饰时, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
(2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
(3)在平时学习中要熟记名词单数变复数的规则, 方能解决好此类问题。
一、可数名词的数
可数名词变复数的规则变化
可数名词变复数形式时一般在名词后面加-s或-es。变化形式如下表:
可数名词变复数的不规则变化
名词变复数不规则变化的形式如下表:
续表
二、不可数名词
不可数名词
(1)不可数名词没有复数形式, 也不可以与不定冠词连用。最常见的不可数名词有: fun, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, hmewrk, infrmatin, knwledge, luggage, mney, news, prgress, traffic 等。
(2)不可数名词的量有两种表示方法:
①用sme, much, a little, a lt f, a bit f, plenty f 等表示多少。
注意: 既可以与可数名词复数, 又可以与不可数名词连用的有: plenty f, sme, a lt f, lts f, mst f等。
②用单位词表示, 用a. . . f表示。
如a cup f tea, a piece f paper。
不可数名词与可数名词的转化
(1)有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以转化为可数名词。如:
※The ptat is a vegetable, nt a fruit.
土豆是一种蔬菜, 不是水果。
※My dctr tld me t avid fatty fds such as bacn r hamburgers.
我的医生叫我避免吃油腻的食物, 如咸肉或汉堡包。
(2)特殊物质名词的数量表示: 当要表示“一场/段/件/种……”等意思时, 某些物质名词前可用不定冠词, 但此时通常有形容词或f短语修饰。如:
※A heavy snw was falling.
当时正下着一场大雪。
※A fine rain began t fall.
开始下起一阵小雨。
另外, 表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea, cffee, drink, beer等, 可以用a(n)或数词修饰, 也有复数形式。如:
※Tw teas and a cffee, please.
请来两杯茶和一杯咖啡。
※I rdered tw cffees and an ice-cream.
我叫了两杯咖啡和一份冰淇淋。
(3)有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词, 但意思不同。如: wrk工作, a wrk著作; glass玻璃, a glass玻璃杯; wd木头, a wd小树林; rm空间, a rm房间; paper纸, a paper 一份试卷(文件, 报纸等) 等。
抽象名词具体化
通常可分为两类:
(1)表示情感、情绪的词, 强调具体的人或事时常将其具体化使用。常用的重点抽象名词可概括为如下11个字: 惊(surprise)、乐(pleasure)、幸(hnur)、憾(pity)、傲(prud)、慰(cmfrt)、险(danger)、助(help)、成(success)、败(failure)、美(beauty)。例如:
※The new methd has finally prved t be a success.
新方法最终试验成功了。
(2)表示“一次”“一场”“一段”等“一……”的概念, 常与动词连用构成短语, 名词前常有形容词修饰。如: have a gd time, have a wnderful supper, have a gd knwledge/understanding f, have a ppulatin f, cver an area f, reach a height f等。
三、名词所有格
表示有生命名词的所有格时, 在词尾加“’s”。the by’s bag, men’s rms。若名词已有复数词尾s, 只加“’”。the teachers’ reading-rm。此外, 表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家、城市等无生命名词的所有格也可在词尾加“’s”来表示所属关系, 意为“……的”。a ten minutes’ walk, a twenty miles’ jurney, tw tns’ weight, fifty dllars’ wrth。
如果两个名词并列, 且分别加“’ s”, 则表示“分别有……”; 若只有后一个名词加“’ s”, 则表示两个“共有”。Jhn’s and Mary’s rms (两间); Jhn and Mary’s rm (一间)。
f属格: 无生命名词的所有格用f结构。a map f China, the end f this term, the capital f ur cuntry, the clur f the flwers。
省略格: 在表示店铺、教堂、诊所的名称或某人的家时, 名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词。at the dctr’s在诊所; at my sister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。
双重所有格: f+名词“ ’s”结构。a friend f my brther’s, wrks f M Yan’s。
名词所有格用法口诀:
名词所有格, 表物是“谁的”,
若为生命词, 加’s 即可行,
词尾有 s, 仅把逗号择;
并列名词后, 各自和共有,
前者分别加, 后者最后加;
若为无生命词, f所有格,
前后须倒置, 此是硬规则。
【点津】
如果是无生命的名词则用f表示所有格, 这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同, “A f B”要翻译为“B的A”。
小题快练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
①(2019·北京高考)N matter what yu like t d, there is a way t get invlved in varius activities (activity)n Earth Day.
②(2020·浙江高考)The results held true even after the scientists accunted fr the participants’ (participant)verall health status.
③(2020·江苏高考)They tested the men’s(men)fitness and resting metablic (新陈代谢的) rates and tk samples (样品) f their bld and fat tissue.
④(2018·天津高考)The peple in the hall seemed very nsy, keeping their eyes n me with curisity(curius).
⑤(2018·浙江高考)Making Chinese dishes(dish) is seen as especially trublesme.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
①(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Luckily, I will g hme in tw weeks fr summer vacatin(暑假).
②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I wish t have a chain f cafes in many different cities(不同的城市).
③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Since I was a kid, I’ve cnsidered different jbs(不同的工作) I wuld like t d.
④(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)After supper, we wuld play card games f all srts (各种各样)in the sitting rm.
Ⅰ. 语法填空
Chinese net users have fund a new way t battle desertificatin by playing virtual (虚拟的) planting games. Ant Frest, 1. _________ is under Ant Financial f the Alibaba Grup, tld the Glbal Times that they had planted ver 50 millin trees cvering abut 507 square kilmeters acrss China frm 2016 t 2019.
Ant Frest is the first such game in China. In the Ant Frest plan, any activity 2. _________(cnsider) lw carbn, including walking, taking public transprt and nline payments, will be cnverted int virtual “green energy”. The energy will be used t grw a virtual tree in the “frest” f the 3. _________(user). They exchange 4. _________ fr a real tree by paying the crrespnding energy. Ant Frest will plant the real trees in spring and autumn each year 5. _________ the help f lcal authrities in the desert areas. This way f planting trees 6. _________ (recgnize) n Octber 23, 2018 by the Natinal Affrestatin Cmmittee as 7. _________ means fr citizens t fulfill their bligatin f planting trees.
The Chinese gvernment attaches great 8. _________ (imprtant)t the prtectin f ecsystems. China aims 9. _________(increase)the frest cver t 23 percent by 2020, and t 26 percent by 2035. A new study using data frm NASA satellite shws that the Earth becmes 10. _________(green) as a result f ambitius tree-planting prgrams in China.
1. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 先行词为Ant Frest, 在非限制性定语从句中充当主语, 指物, that不能引导非限制性定语从句, 故用which。
2. 【解析】cnsidered。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知, 该句中主语为any activity, 其后所填词汇与主语之间为被动关系, 作后置定语, 故填cnsidered。
3. 【解析】users。考查名词复数。根据其前的定冠词the可知, 此处用名词, 根据句意“用户”, 可知用复数, 故填users。
4. 【解析】it。考查代词。根据句意可知, 此处替代前一句a virtual tree, 为特指, 故填it。
5. 【解析】with。考查介词搭配。该句中使用with the help f. . . 为固定搭配, 意为“在……的帮助下”, 故填with。
6. 【解析】was recgnized。考查动词的时态语态。分析句子成分可知, 该句中This way f planting trees为主语, 是单数, 其与所给词汇为被动关系, 用被动语态。根据时间状语n Octber 23, 2018, 可知用一般过去时态, 故填was recgnized。
7. 【解析】a。考查不定冠词。根据句意可知, 此处意指“一种方式”, 为泛指, means的首字母发音是辅音, 故填a。
8. 【解析】imprtance。考查名词。该句使用固定短语attach imprtance t. . . , 意为“重视, 认为……重要”, 故填imprtance。
9. 【解析】t increase。考查不定式。aim t d sth. 为固定搭配, 意为“目标是, 旨在……”故填t increase。
10. 【解析】greener。考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知, 植树在中国取得了成效, 地球变得更加绿色, 暗含“比较”含义, 用比较级, 故填greener。
Ⅱ. 语段填空
Nwadays my schlwrk becmes much heavier than ever befre, thus frcing me t stay up (迫使我熬夜)deep int the night. I seldm did sprts(很少做运动). Fr this reasn I ften felt sleepy in class(经常课上感到困倦). Bad health caused my pr memry. Things have been changed since I fllwed my teacher’s advice(自从我听从了我老师的建议). I get up earlier t d mrning exercises. During the 10 minutes’ break (在十分钟课间休息期间)I g ut f the classrm t relax my brain and muscles. At five ’clck in the afternn I ften g t the playgrund t have sprts. All this makes me fresh and full f energy(使得我浑身充满活力). It is sprts that imprve my health(改善我的健康). I have made rapid prgress(已经取得快速进步) in my studies.
Ⅲ. 写作运用
根据汉语提示补全作文, 并注意其中名词的使用。
T whm it may cncern:
1. I’m ne f yur custmers(我是你的一个顾客). I rdered a set f Bkwrm Series n yur website tw weeks ag, but I didn’t receive them until yesterday. 2. And much t my disappintment (令我十分失望的是), the bks were s prly packed up that 3. the cver f ne bk was trn(其中一本书的书皮破损了). T make matters wrse, it is nt a cmplete set, as I fund ne bk missing.
I’m srry t have received such pr service, and I believe I have every right t ask yu t deal with this prblem. I hpe that yu either return my mney 4. r deliver a new set f bks t me (或者给我派送一套新书). Besides, I’d like t be infrmed f the prcess f yur dealing with my cmplaint.
5. Lking frward t yur reply(期盼你的回复).
Li Hua
构成方法
例词
一般在词尾加-s
map→maps, sea→seas
girl→girls, day→days
以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词后加-es(stmach除外)
class→classes, bx→bxes,
watch→watches, dish→dishes
以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词
变y为i, 再加-es
cuntry→cuntries
factry→factries
以元音字母+-y结尾的名词
在词尾直接+-s
hliday→hlidays
mnkey→mnkeys
以-结尾的名词
一般在词尾加-s
pian→pians
pht→phts
有些在词尾加-es
her→heres
ptat→ptates
以-f或-fe
结尾的词
变-f或-fe
为-v,
再加-es
leaf→leaves, knife→knives, wife→wives, wlf→wlves
加-s
belief→beliefs, chief→chiefs, prf→prfs, rf→rfs, gulf→gulfs, safe→safes
构成方法
例词
增加字母
child→children, x→xen
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man→men, wman→wmen, ft→feet, gse→geese, muse→mice
单复数同形
sheep, deer, series, means, fish, species
构成方法
例词
表示“某
国人”的
名词
加-s
American→Americans,
German→Germans,
Greek→Greeks
单复数同形
Prtuguese, Chinese, Japanese
以-man或-wman结尾的, 将-man和-wman分别改为-men, -wmen
Englishman→Englishmen