2021年高考英语二轮专题复习《阅读理解》12(含答案)

这是一份2021年高考英语二轮专题复习《阅读理解》12(含答案)，共14页。

Gerge Gershwin, brn in 1898, was ne f America’s greatest cmpsers. He published his first sng when he was eighteen years ld. During the next twenty years he wrte mre than five hundred sngs.
Many f Gershwin’s sngs were first written fr musical plays perfrmed in theatres in New Yrk City. These plays were a ppular frm f entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s. Many f his sngs have remained ppular as ever. Over the years they have been sung and played in every pssible way—frm jazz t cuntry.
In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States abut jazz music. Culd jazz, sme peple asked, be cnsidered serius music? In 1924 jazz musician and rchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided t rganize a special cncert t shw that jazz was serius music. Gershwin agreed t cmpse smething fr the cncert befre he realized he had just a few weeks t d it. And in that shrt time, he cmpsed a piece fr pian and rchestra which he calledRhapsdy in Blue. Gershwin himself played the pian at the cncert. The audience were thrilled when they heard his music. It made him wrld-famus and shwed that jazz music culd be bth serius and ppular.
In 1928, Gershwin went t Paris. He applied t study cmpsitin(作曲)with the well-knwn musician Nadia Bulanger, but she rejected him. She was afraid that classical study wuld ruin his jazz-influenced style. While there, Gershwin wrte An American in Paris. When it was first perfrmed, critics(评论家)were divided ver the music. Sme called it happy and full f life, t thers it was silly and bring. But it quickly became ppular in Eurpe and the United States. It still remains ne f his mst famus wrks.
Gerge Gershwin died in 1937, just days after dctrs learned he had brain cancer. He was nly thirty-nine years ld. Newspapers all ver the wrld reprted his death n their frnt pages. Peple murned the lss f the man and all the music he might have still written.
（1）Many f Gershwin’s musical wrks were .
A.written abut New Yrkers
B.cmpsed fr Paul Whiteman
C.played mainly in the cuntryside
D.perfrmed in varius ways
（2）What d we knw abut the cncert rganized by Whiteman?
A.It attracted mre peple t theatres.
B.It prved jazz culd be serius music.
C.It made Gershwin leader f the rchestra.
D.It caused a debate amng jazz musicians.
（3）What did Gershwin d during his stay in Paris?
A.He created ne f his best wrks.
B.He studied with Nadia Bulanger.
C.He argued with French critics.
D.He changed his music style.
（4）What d we learn frm the last paragraph?
A.Many f Gershwin’s wrks were lst.
B.The death f Gershwin was widely reprted.
C.A cncert was held in memry f Gershwin.
D.Brain cancer research started after Gershwin’s death.
（5）Which f the fllwing best describes Gershwin?
A.Talented and prductive.
B.Serius and bring.
C.Ppular and unhappy.
D.Friendly and hnest.
B

In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was brn, there were 66 nvels published in Britain. Peple had been writing nvels fr a century—mst experts date the first nvel t Rbinsn Cruse in 1719—but nbdy wanted t d it prfessinally. The steam-pwered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many wrks f fictin appeared withut the names f the authrs, ften with smething like “By a lady.”Nvels, fr the mst part, were lked upn as silly, immral r just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the wrld murned him as its first prfessinal writer and publisher, famus and belved, wh had led an explsin in bth the publicatin f nvels and their readership and whse characters — frm Oliver Twist t Tiny Tim— were held up as mral tuchstnes. Tday Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Remving him frm the panthen(名人堂) f English literature wuld make abut as much sense as the Luvre selling ff the Mna Lisa.
Hw did Dickens get t the tp? Fr all the feelings readers attach t stries, literature is a numbers game, and the test f time is extremely difficult t pass. Sme 60,000 nvels were published during the Victrian age, frm 1837 t1901; tday a casual reader might be able t name a half-dzen f them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style f writing attracted audiences frm all walks f life. It’s partly that his writings rde a wave f scial, plitical and scientific prgress. But it’s als that he rewrte the culture f literature and put himself at the center. N ne will ever knw what mix f talent, ambitin, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary f his birth appraches, it is pssible — and imprtant fr ur wn culture—t understand hw he made himself a lasting ne.

（1）Which f the fllwing best describes British nvels in the 18th century?
A.They were difficult t understand.
B.They were ppular amng the rich.
C.They were seen as nearly wrthless.
D.They were written mstly by wmen.
（2）Dickens is cmpared with the Mna Lisa in the text t stress________.
A.his reputatin in France
B.his interest in mdern art
C.his success in publicatin
D.his imprtance in literature
（3）What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A.T remember a great writer.
B.T intrduce an English nvel.
C.T encurage studies n culture.
D.T prmte values f the Victrian age.

C

Where d yu keep ice? In the freezer, f curse.That’s what scientists might have thught when they were lking fr a safe place t stre ice frm muntain glaciers frm arund the wrld.They’ve decided t stre ice in Antarctica because glbal warming is causing sme f the glaciers in places like the Alps t melt.
Jerme Chappellaz f the French Natinal Centre fr Scientific Research is invlved in creating an ice vault (地下室) there.He says: “We are prbably the nly scientific cmmunity whse sample (样本) is in danger f disappearing frm the face f the planet.If yu wrk n rcks r n tree rings, the raw material is still here and will be fr many centuries.”
And why d scientists need t study ice frm the Alps, fr example? Ice frmed n the tp f a muntain is made f snw accumulated ver thusands f years.Trapped air bubbles (气泡) cntain samples f the atmsphere that existed when that ice was frmed.Ice is a recrd f climate.By examining ice, we knw carbn dixide in the atmsphere is higher nw than in the last three millin years.Researchers use this kind f data t build cmputer mdels and try t predict what might happen in the future.
The ice vault will be hused in a snw cave at the Cncrdia Research Statin, which is perated by scientists frm France and Italy.The ice samples will be sealed in bags and placed 10 meters belw the surface, at a cnstant temperature f -50℃.This will put the scientists’ minds at rest.Lsing the ice samples wuld be a disaster, and nbdy wants t see a mine f scientific knwledge lst frever in a giant pl.
（1）What makes Antarctica a safe place t stre ice?
A.Its large muntains.
B.Its functin as a freezer.
C.The abundant ice samples there.
D.The absence f glbal warming.
（2）Jerme cmpares ice with rcks and tree rings t state that ________.
A.it’s necessary t stre ice
B.it’s mre valuable t study ice
C.ice disappears very quickly
D.ice shuld be stred at hme
（3）What is the researchers’ purpse f studying ice?
A.T learn abut climate.
B.T learn abut the Alps.
C.T trap air bubbles.
D.T reduce carbn dixide.
（4）What d scientists think f string ice in Antarctica?
A.They cnsider it an easy jb.
B.They’re nt ptimistic abut it.
C.They think it will cause disasters.
D.They think it’s a reliable way.
D
阅读下面的短文，完成下列各题：
Please take a few secnds and think f yur persnal biggest gal. Imagine telling smene yu meet tday what yu're ging t d. Imagine their cngratulatins and their high image f yu. Desn't it feel gd t say it ut lud? Dn't yu feel ne step clser already? Well, bad news: yu shuld have kept yur muth shut, because that gd feeling will make yu less likely t d it.
Any time yu have a gal, there is sme wrk that needs t be dne t achieve it. Ideally, yu wuld nt be satisfied until yu'd actually dne the wrk. But when yu tell smene yur gal and he acknwledges (承认) it, psychlgists have fund it's called a “scial_reality\”. The mind is kind f tricked int a feeling that it's already dne. And then, because yu've felt that satisfactin, yu're less mtivated t d the actual and necessary hard wrk. This ges against the traditinal wisdm that we shuld tell ur friends ur gals, right?
In 1982, Peter Gllwitzer, a prfessr f psychlgy, wrte a whle bk abut this. And in 2009, he did sme new tests that were published. It ges like this: 163 peple acrss fur separate tests—everyne wrte dwn their persnal gal. Then half f them annunced their cmmitment (承诺) t this gal t the rm, and half didn't. Then everyne was given 45 minutes f wrk that wuld directly lead them twards their gal, but they were tld that they culd stp at any time. Finally thse wh kept their muths shut wrked the entire 45 minutes n average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a lng way t g t achieve their gal. But thse wh had annunced it quit after nly 33 minutes n average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much clser t achieving their gal.
（1）What d the wrds “scial reality” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Cmpletin f the gal.
B．Necessary hard wrk.
C．Peple's acknwledgement.
D．A sense f satisfactin.
（2）What des Peter Gllwitzer try t tell us?
A．Writing dwn the gal is very helpful.
B．Achieving persnal gal needs mre time.
C．Keeping the gal secret makes peple wrk harder.
D．Making the gal public makes peple less satisfied.
（3）Hw did Peter Gllwitzer prve his idea abut peple's gal?
A．By giving figures.
B．By giving examples.
C．By making a survey.
D．By making cmparisn tests.
（4）What will prbably happen if yu tell yur friends yur gal?
A．Yu will be mre cnfident.
B．Yu will nt gain satisfactin.
C．Yu are less likely t realize it.
D．Yu'll be much mre mtivated.
E

I have been cnsistently ppsed t feeding a baby regularly. As a dctr, mther and scientist in child develpment I believe there is nthing t recmmend it, frm the baby’s pint f view.
Mthers, dctrs and nurses alike have n idea f where a baby’s bld sugar level lies. All we knw is that a lw level is harmful t brain develpment and makes a baby easily annyed. In this state, the baby is difficult t calm dwn and sleep is impssible. The baby asks fr attentin by crying and searching fr fd with its muth.
It is nt just unkind but als dangerus t say a fur-hurly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first f the experts t advcate a strict clck-watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King wh was against feeding in the night. I’ve never heard anything s ridiculus.Baby feeding shuldn’t fllw a timetable set by the mum.What is imprtant is feeding a baby in the best way, thugh it may cause sme incnvenience in the first few weeks.
Well,at last we have cpper-bttmed research that supprts demand feeding and pints ut the weaknesses f strictly timed feeding.The research finds ut that babies wh are fed n demand d better at schl at age 5,7,11 and 14,than babies fed accrding t the clck.By the age f 8,their IQ(智商)scres are fur t five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.This research cmes frm Oxfrd and Essex University using a sample(样本)f 10,419 children brn in the early 1990s,taking accunt f parental educatin,family incme,a child’s sex and age,the mther’s health and feeding style.These results dn’t surprise me.Feeding accrding t schedule runs the risk f harming the rapidly grwing brain by taking n accunt f sinking bld sugar levels.
I hpe this research will put an end t advcating strictly timed baby feeding practices.
（1）Accrding t Paragraph 2,ne reasn why a baby cries is that it feels .
A.sick B.upset C.sleepy D.hungry
（2） What des the authr think abut Dr King?
A.He is strict.
B.He is unkind.
C.He has the wrng idea.
D.He sets a timetable fr mthers.
（3）The wrd cpper -bttmed in Paragraph 4 is clsest in meaning t .
A.basic B.reliable C.surprising D.interesting
（4） What des the research tell us abut feeding a baby n demand?
A.The baby will sleep well.
B.The baby will have its brain harmed.
C.The baby will have a lw bld sugar level.
D.The baby will grw t be wiser by the age f 8.
（5The authr supprts feeding the baby .
A.in the night
B.every fur hurs
C.whenever it wants fd
D.accrding t its bld sugar level
F

Failure is prbably the mst exhausting experience a persn ever has.There is nthing mre tiring than nt succeeding.
We experience this tiredness in tw ways:as start-up fatigue(疲惫)and perfrmance fatigue.In the frmer case,we keep putting ff a task because it is either t bring r t difficult.And the lnger we delay it,the mre tired we feel.
Such start-up fatigue is very real,even if nt actually physical,nt smething in ur muscles and bnes.The slutin is bvius thugh perhaps nt easy t apply:always handle the mst difficult jb first.
Years ag,I was asked t write 102 essays n the great ideas f sme famus authrs.Applying my wn rule,I determined t write them in alphabetical rder(按字母顺序),never letting myself leave ut a tugh idea.And I always started the day’s wrk with the difficult task f essay-writing. Experience prved that the rule wrks.
Perfrmance fatigue ismre difficult t handle.Thugh willing t get started,we cannt seem t d the jb right.Its difficulties appear s great that,hwever hard we wrk,we fail again and again.In such a situatin,I wrk as hard as I can—then let the uncnscius take ver.
When planning Encyclpaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》),I had t create a table f cntents based n the tpics f its articles.Nthing like this had ever been dne befre,and day after day I kept cming up with slutins,but nne f them wrked.My fatigue became almst unbearable.
One day,mentally exhausted,I wrte dwn all the reasns why this prblem culd nt be slved.I tried t cnvince myself that the truble was with the prblem itself,nt with me.Relieved,I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.
An hur later,I wke up suddenly with the slutin clearly in mind.In the weeks that fllwed,the slutin which had cme up in my uncnscius mind prved crrect at every step.Thugh I wrked as hard as befre,I felt n fatigue.Success was nw as exciting as failure had been depressing.
Human beings,I believe,must try t succeed.Success,then,means never feeling tired.
（1）Peple with start-up fatigue are mst likely t .
A.delay tasksB.wrk hard C.seek helpD.accept failure
（2）What des the authr recmmend ding t prevent start-up fatigue?
A.Writing essays in strict rder.
B.Building up physical strength.
C.Leaving ut the tughest ideas.
D.Dealing with the hardest task first.
（3）On what ccasin des a persn prbably suffer frm perfrmance fatigue?
A.Befre starting a difficult task.
B.When all the slutins fail.
C.If the jb is rather bring.
D.After finding a way ut.
（4）Accrding t the authr,the uncnscius mind may help us .
A.ignre mental prblems
B.get sme nice sleep
C.gain cmplete relief
D.find the right slutin
（5）What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A.Success Is Built upn Failure
B.Hw t Handle Perfrmance Fatigue
C.Getting ver Fatigue:A Way t Success
D.Fatigue:An Early Sign f Health Prblems
G

If a diver surfaces t quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrgen(氮)disslved(溶解)in his bld is suddenly liberated by the reductin f pressure. The cnsequence, if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a jint, is sharp pain and a bent bdy—thus the name. If the bubbles frm in his lungs r his brain, the cnsequence can be death.

Other air-breathing animals als suffer this decmpressin(减压)sickness if they surface t fast: whales, fr example.And s, lng ag, did ichthysaurs. That these ancient sea animals gt the bends can be seen frm their bnes. If bubbles f nitrgen frm inside the bne they can cut ff its bld supply. This kills the cells in the bne, and cnsequently weakens it, smetimes t the pint f cllapse.Fssil(化石)bnes that have caved in n themselves are thus a sign that the animal nce had the bends.
Bruce Rthschild f the University f Kansas knew all this when he began a study f ichthysaur bnes t find ut hw widespread the prblem was in the past. What he particularly wanted t investigate was hw ichthysaurs adapted t the prblem f decmpressin ver the 150 millin years.T this end, he and his clleagues traveled the wrld’s natural-histry museums, lking at hundreds f ichthysaurs frm the Triassic perid and frm the later Jurassic and Cretaceus perids.
When he started, he assumed that signs f the bends wuld be rarer in yunger fssils, reflecting their gradual evlutin f measures t deal with decmpressin. Instead, he was astnished t discver the ppsite. Mre than 15% f Jurassic and Cretaceus ichthysaurs had suffered the bends befre they died, but nt a single Triassic specimen(标本)shwed evidence f that srt f injury.
If ichthysaurs did evlve an anti-decmpressin means, they clearly did s quickly—and, mst strangely, they lst it afterwards.But that is nt what Dr Rthschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evlutin in ther animals that caused the change.
Whales that suffer the bends ften d s because they have surfaced t escape a predatr(捕食动物)such as a large shark.One f the features f Jurassic ceans was an abundance f large sharks and crcdiles, bth f which were fnd f ichthysaur lunches. Triassic ceans, by cntrast,were mercifully shark-and crcdile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthysaurs were tp f the fd chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceus, hey were prey(猎物)as well as predatr—and ften had t make a speedy exit as a result.
（1）Which f the fllwing is a typical symptm f the bends?
A. A twisted bdy.
B. A gradual decrease in bld supply.
C. A sudden release f nitrgen in bld.
D. A drp in bld pressure.
（2）The purpse f Rthschild’s study is t see .
A. hw ften ichthysaurs caught the bends
B. hw ichthysaurs adapted t decmpressin
C. why ichthysaurs bent their bdies
D. when ichthysaurs brke their bnes
（3）Rthschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4 .
A. cnfirmed his assumptin
B. speeded up his research prcess
C. disagreed with his assumptin
D. changed his research bjectives
（4）Rthschild might have cncluded that ichthysaurs .
A. failed t evlve an anti-decmpressin means
B. gradually develped measures against the bends
C. died ut because f large sharks and crcdiles
D. evlved an anti-decmpressin means but sn lst it
H
阅读下面的短文，完成下列各题：
After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.
Tgether, these deep human urges (驱策力) cunt fr much mre that ambitin. Galile was nt merely ambitius when he drpped bjects f varying weights frm the Leaning Twer at Pisa and timed their fall t the grund. Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”
Frtunately, curisity and discntent dn’t have t be learned. We are brn with them and need nly recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he wh des nt lse his child’s heart.” Yet mst f us d lse it. We stp asking questins. We stp challenging custm. We just fllw the crwd. And the crwd desires restful average. It encurages us t ccupy ur wn little crner, t avid flish leaps int the dark, t be satisfied.
Mst f us meet new peple, and new ideas, with hesitatin. But nce having met and liked them, we think hw terrible it wuld have been, had we missed the chance. We will prbably have t frce urselves t waken ur curisity and discntent and keep them awake.
Hw shuld yu start? Mdestly, s as nt t becme discuraged. I think f ne friend wh culdn’t arrange flwers t satisfy herself. She was curius abut hw the experts did it. Hw she is ne f the experts, writing bks n flwer arrangement.
One way t begin is t answer yur wn excuses. Yu haven’t any special ability? Mst peple dn’t; there are nly a few geniuses. Yu haven’t any time? That’s gd because it’s always the peple with n time wh get things dne. Harriet Stwe, mther f six, wrte parts f Uncle Tm’s Cabin while cking. Yu’re t ld? Remember that Thmas Cstain was 57 when he published his first nvel, and that Grandma Mses shwed her first pictures when she was 78.
Hwever yu start, remember there is n better time t start than right nw, fr yu’ll never be mre alive than yu are at this mment.
（1）In writing Paragraph 1, the authr aims t ________.
A. prpse a definitin
B. make a cmparisn
C. reach a cnclusin
D. present an argument
（2）What des the example f Galile tell us?
A. Trial and errr leads t the finding f truth.
B. Scientists tend t be curius and ambitius.
C. Creativity results frm challenging authrity.
D. Greatness cmes frm a lasting desire t explre.
（3）What can yu d t recapture curisity and discntent?
A. Observe the unknwn arund yu.
B. Develp a questining mind.
C. Lead a life f adventure.
D. Fllw the fashin.
（4）What can we learn frm Paragraphs 6 and 7?
A. Gaining success helps yu becme an expert.
B. The genius tends t get things dne creatively.
C. Lack f talent and time is n reasn fr taking n actin.
D. Yu shuld remain mdest when appraching perfectin.
（5）What culd be the best tile r the passage?
A. Curius Minds Never Feel Cntented
B. Reflectins n Human Nature
C. The Keys t Achievement
D. Never T Late t Learn
\s 0 参考答案
【参考答案】
【文章大意】本文是人物传记类文章, 主要介绍了Gerge Gershwin这位既有天赋又多产的作曲家在音乐方面的贡献及突出成绩。
（1）【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知他的音乐作品以多种形式被演奏。in every pssible way与varius ways属于同义替换。所以选D。
（2）【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句It made him wrld-famus and shwed that jazz music culd be bth serius and ppular.可知B正确。
（3）【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第四句While there, ...及最后一句It still remains ne f his mst famus wrks.可知答案为A。
（4）【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知B项正确。其他选项均未涉及。
（5）【解析】选A。推理判断题。通读全文可知Gershwin是一位有天赋又多产的作曲家。
答案及解析：
答案：（1）C; （2）D; （3）A
解析：本文写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕,介绍了Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。
（1） 细节理解题。根据第一段对当时情况的描写nbdy wanted t d it prfessinally. The steam-pwered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字)rate in England was under 50%. Many wrks f fictin appeared withut the names f the authrs... Nvels, fr the mst part, were lked upn as silly, immral, r just plain bad.可知,印刷技术落后,人们识字率低,作品上没有作者名字,小说被认为是愚蠢的、不正常的,或者毫无价值可言。故选C。
（2） 推理判断题。根据第二段Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.和列举的Charles Dickens小说的影响可知,把他和Mna Lisa相比是为了说明Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要性和Mna Lisa在绘画方面的重要性是一样的,故选D。
（3） 写作意图题。根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写,和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary f his birth appraches, it is pssible — and imprtant fr ur wn culture—t understand hw he made himself a lasting ne.可知,本文是写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕,由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。
【参考答案】
（1）B；（2）A；（3）A；（4）D；
答案为：A 推理判断题。根据画线词组后一句“The mind is kind f tricked int a feeling that it's already dne.”并结合画线词组所在句可推知，scial reality在此处意为“目标的完成”。
C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Finally thse wh kept their muths shut ... t achieving their gal.”可推知，Peter Gllwitzer想告诉我们：没有说出目标让人们工作更努力。
D 细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Peter Gllwitzer把所测试的对象分成两部分，一半说出自己的目标，一半没有说出目标，每个人都给了45分钟，他们可以随时停止。试验表明，没有说出目标的人平均工作了45分钟，而说出目标的人平均工作33分钟。由此可知，Peter Gllwitzer是通过进行比较测试来证明他的观点的，故选D。
C 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是最后一句中的“because that gd feeling will make yu less likely t d it”可推知，如果你把目标告诉你的朋友，你实现目标的可能性会变小，故选C。
【参考答案】
【文章大意】本文主要讨论了喂养孩子是严格按照时间表还是依据孩子的需求。根据一项研究结果,作者认为喂养孩子应按照孩子的需求。
（1）【解析】选D。细节理解题。由文章第二段最后一句“The baby asks fr attentin by crying and searching fr fd with its muth.”可知D项正确。
（2【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第三段中“I’ve never heard anything s ridiculus.”一句可知,作者认为Dr Frederic Truby King的观点是荒谬的(ridiculus)。
（3）【解析】选B。词义猜测题。由本段中This Research cmes frm Oxfrd and Essex University一句可知,cpper-bttmed意为“可靠的”。
（4）【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第四段第三句“By the age f 8, their IQ scres are fur t five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.”可知D项正确。
（5）【解析】选C。观点态度题。文章最后一段“I hpe this research will put an end t advcating strictly timed baby feeding practices”中作者表明了自己的观点。
【长难句分析】
The research finds ut that babies wh are fed n demand d better at schl at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed accrding t the clck.
分析：本句是一个复合句。that在句中引导宾语从句,从句中wh引导定语从句修饰先行词babies。fed accrding t the clck为过去分词短语作定语,修饰babies。
译文：研究发现,按需求喂养的孩子在5, 7 , 11 和 14岁时比严格按照时间表喂养的孩子在学校表现得要好一些。
【参考答案】
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要介绍每个人都希望成功,但是人们在实施任务的时候会出现启动疲惫和表现疲惫,这是造成失败的两种原因,文章具体介绍如何克服这两种疲惫。
（1）【解析】选A。细节理解题。第二段第二句“In the frmer case,we keep putting ff a task...”可知选A。
（2）【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,为了防止启动疲惫,作者建议首先处理最难的任务。
（3）【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第五段前三句Perfrmance fatigue is mre difficult t fail again and again,可知,当所有的解决方法都失败的时候,一个人可能会有表现疲惫。
（4）【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第五段的最后一句话以及倒数第二段的事例可知,无意识的思想可能帮助我们发现正确的解决方法。
（5）【解析】选C。标题归纳题。根据全篇文章和最后一段的内容可知,文章主要介绍造成失败的两种疲惫,以及克服疲惫的方法。
【参考答案】
【文章大意】科普知识类文章。文章主要介绍Rthschild教授关于鱼龙类生物在近1亿5千万年里如何适应减压问题的研究。在开始研究时,他原本认为年轻化石里弯曲的迹象会比老化石里的少,因为这标志着鱼龙类生物逐渐进化出反减压器官,然而他的研究结果得出相反的结论。
（1）【解析】选A。细节理解题。第一段第三句提到遭遇bend的症状是“sharp pain and a bent bdy”,此处bent等于twisted,意为“扭曲的,弯曲的”。
（2）【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“What he particularly wanted t investigate was hw...”可知答案为B。
（3）【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Instead,he was astnished t discver the ppsite.”可知研究结果与他原本的假设相反,因此答案为C。
（4）【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句可以推断出答案。Rthschild可能已经得出结论:鱼龙类生物未能进化出反减压器官。
答案为：D；D；B；C；C
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段内容After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”及第四段中的“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he wh des nt lse his child’s heart.” Yet mst f us d lse it. We stp asking questins. We stp challenging custm. We just fllw the crwd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段中的Hw she is ne f the experts, writing bks n flwer arrangement.及第七段中的Yu haven’t any special ability? Mst peple dn’t; there are nly a few geniuses. Yu haven’t any time? That’s gd, because it’s always the peple with n time wh get things dne.以及列举了Thmas Cstain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Mses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段内容After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The Keys t Achievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。