备战2021年中考英语一轮复习必过知识点(全国通用)专题10 动词时态II 基础知识+巩固练习
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这是一份备战2021年中考英语一轮复习必过知识点(全国通用)专题10 动词时态II 基础知识+巩固练习,共21页。
— I called yu yesterday evening, but nbdy answered.
— Oh, at that time.
I’m ckingB. I ckedC. I ckD. I was cking
— Beibei, is Mr. Chen in the ffice?
— N. He fr half an hur.
leftB. has leftC. has been away
Susan and Lily tmates and ther vegetables n the farm this time yesterday.
pickB. are pickingC. will pickD. were picking
By the end f last week, she in the west f China fr tw mnths helping the hmeless children.
A. will stayB. has stayedC. wuld stayD. had stayed
— Have yu finished using my dictinary?
—Yes, I put it back n yur desk just nw. Wh it away?
will takeB. is takingC. tkD. has taken
— Is Miss Green in the ffice?
— N, she t the library.
gesB. had gesC. has gneD. wuld g
Lk! Sme visitrs fr the bus ver there.
are waitingB.is waitingC.waitingD.wait
My grandparentsin that city since 2008.
will liveB. liveC. have livedD. were living
S far, the AIIB(亚投行)57 cuntries t be the funding members.
attractedB.has attractedC. will attract
— Lk! Smene the icebx back t the crner.
— Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t d it.
has mvedB. is mvingC. was mving
Paula is pleased that she her lst watch.
findsB.fundC.has fundD.will find
I heard a new sng n the radi. I high and lw in the music stre, but I can’t find the sng.
A. searchB. have searchedC. am searchingD. will search 13.— Helen, when did yu mve here?
— I here since tw years ag.
A.mvedB.livedC.have mvedD.have lived 14.Tim Ck called his mther every week even while he arund the wrld.
A.was travelingB.is travelingC.traveledD.travels
— Our classmates went t a cncert yesterday afternn.
— What a pity! I my hmewrk.
had dneB. was dingC. am dingD. wuld d
I scared f dgs ever since a dg hurt me when I was five years ld.
will beB. wasC. have beenD. wuld be
I with my parents when he rang me up yesterday afternn.
am shppingB. am shpingC. was shppingD. was shping
— Ben and Sue aren’t hme, are they?
— N. They t Lndn n business.
have gneB. gC. have beenD. will g
【答案与解析】
D。句意:——昨天晚上我打电话给你了,但是没有人接听,——哦,那时候我正在 做饭。过去进行时,表示过去某一具体时刻正在做的事,当时正在做饭,所以用 D。
C。本句句意为:贝贝,陈先生在办公室吗?——没有,他一个小时出去了。因为题 中说道 “一个小时前出去了”,所以到目前为止为延续性动词,故选 C。
D。句意:Susan 和 Lily 昨天这个时候正在农场摘西红柿和其他蔬菜。由题干中的 this time yesterday 可知应用过去进行时,故答案为 D 项。
D。句意:到上周末,她已经在中国西部帮助无家可归的儿童两个月了。由题干中的by the end f last week 和 fr tw mnths 可知应用过去完成时,had + 过去分词,表示“过去的过去”,故答案为 D 项。
D。本句意为:你用完我的字典了吗?——嗯,刚才我把它放在你的桌子上了,谁把 它拿走了?由句意可知现在应该是过去完成时,故选答案 D。
C。句意:— 格林老师在办公室吗?—不在,她去图书馆了。由语境可知她去图书馆了,现在还没回来,故选 C 项。
A。由 “Lk!” 可知,应用现在进行时;“sme visitrs”作主语,谓语动词应用复数形式,故选 A。
C。句意:自从 2008 年我的祖父就住在那个城市。根据时间状语 since 2008 可知用现在完成时,故选 C。
B。根据标志性状语 s far 可知,此题考查现在完成时,句意为:到目前为止,亚投行已经吸纳了 57 个国家作为创始会员国。
A。本题考查现在完成时,句意为“瞧,有人把冰柜搬回到了墙角”,根据答语可知前一句的动作已经完成,故选 A。
C。句意为:Paula 非常高兴。她找到了丢失的手表。动作 find 发生在过去,且对现在造成了一定的影响,应用现在完成时。故选 C。
B。句意:我在收音机上听到了一首新歌。我在音乐商店里到处搜寻,但我找不到这
首歌。search 搜查,搜寻; have searched 是现在完成时的形式;am searching 是现在进行时的形式;will search 是一般将来时的形式。根据语境该用现在完成时,所以选 B。
D。mve 是瞬时动词;live 是延续性动词。由“since tw years ag”可知,应用现在完成时;由句意“我从两年前起就住在这儿”可知,应用延续性动词。故选 D。
A。句意为:Tim Ck 每周都给他妈妈打电话,甚至在周游世界的时候也一样。主句是一般过去时态,由此可知,while 引导的从句是指过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,故应该用过去进行时,过去进行时的结构为:was/were + 动词的现在分词,故选 A。
B。句意:——昨天下午我们的同班同学参加了音乐会。——多么的遗憾,我一直在做作业。结合语境可知我昨天下午一直在写作业,故用过去进行时,故选 B。
C。 此题考查现在完成时态,句意为“自从我在 5 岁时被狗伤害过以后,我就一直怕狗”,表示“某个动作从过去发生一直持续到现在”,故选 C。
C。句意:昨天下午他给我打电话时,我正和父母一起买东西。一个过去动作发生时, 另一个过去动作正在发生。过去正在发生的动作用过去进行时态。shp 是重读闭音节,变成现在分词要双写 p 再加 ing。故选 C。
A。句意:——本和苏不在家,是不是?——是的,他们去伦敦出差了。have gne
去了,没有回来; g(经常)去;have been 去过,回来了;will g 要去。从句意可知:他们去伦敦出差未回,故用 have gne t,选 A。
【用法讲解】
考试要求:
英语的动词的时态共有十六种,但是中考常考的主要有八种,一般现在时、一般过去时、一 般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时,过去完成时等时态的构成 和用法,而且前五种是考查重点,现在完成时尤其是时态考查的重点,也是难点。本节主要 讲述一下现在完成时,过去将来时、过去进行时和过去完成时。
现在完成时
现在完成时的构成:
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
例如:I have watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。
We have lived here since 2008. 自从 2008 年我就住在这里。现在完成时的用法:
表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果,常用的状语有 already, yet, nt… yet, nw, just, by this time 等。
例如:The bus has cme here. 公共汽车已经来了。
Smene has cleaned the windw. 有人已经擦了窗户。
表示过去已经开始,持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作。常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如 this week, these days, s far, in the past few days, since the end f last year, fr a lng time 等。
例如:
We have been here fr tw years. 我们在这里两年了。注意:
buy,brrw,die 等非延续性动词(也称为瞬间动词)的肯定形式一般不能和表示一段时间的 fr 短语及 since 短语(或从句)连用,这时要用相应的动词代替这些非延续性动词。例如:
I have bught the bike fr tw years. (×) I have had the bike fr tw years. (√)
由于 buy 是瞬间动词,无法延续两年,所以改为延续性动词 had。瞬间动词与延续动词的转换:
buy—havestp—be verleave—be awaycme back—be back brrw—keepdie—be deadbegin—be nfall asleep—be asleep arrive—be hereget up—be upjin—be in/be a member
例如:
They brrwed the bk tw weeks ag. → They have kept the bk fr tw weeks. A mnth has passed since he left hme.→ He has been away frm hme fr a mnth.
注意以下表示法的含义及用法:
have been (t): 曾经去过或到过(某地)(表示某人过去的经历) have gne (t):去(某地)了 (现在可能在途中或已经到达某地) have been in… +一段时间: 已呆在某地一段时间了
例如:
He has been t Hangzhu several times. 他到过杭州几次了。
He has gng t Hangzhu, s he can’t help us. 他去杭州了,所以他不可能帮助我们。
She has been in Lndn fr half a year. 她在伦敦已经半年了。
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:
现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,如对现在产生的结果、影响等,所以不能和表示过 去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系,可以和表示过去 的时间状语连用。例如:
—Have yu seen the film?
—Yes, I have. (表示结果:已经看过了,因此了解了这部电影)
—When did yu see it?
—I saw it last Sunday. (表示事实:过去做的一件事的时间)
He has taught this class fr tw years. (现在仍教着,或者刚刚停止)
He taught this class fr tw years. (过去教过)
过去进行时:
过去进行时的用法:
表示说话的过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。这一特定时间除了有上下文暗示外,经常和表示过去时间的状语 then,a mment ag,at this time yesterday,at ten last night, at that time/ mment 等连用。
例如:—What were yu ding at this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你正在做什么?
—I was cking with my mther. 我正和我妈妈一起做饭。过去进行时与一般过去时的区别:
过去进行时表某一行为的“片断”,一般过去时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。
I was reading the bk at that time. (未读完,“读”的片段) I read the bk yesterday. (已读完,表整个“读”)
过去进行时多与一段持续的时间状语连用。
It was raining all night整个晚上在下雨。
He was writing a letter the whle f afternn. 他整个下午在写信。
while 引导的时间状语从句常用进行时。
He brke a chair while he was jumping up and dwn.
他在跳上跳下的过程中弄坏了椅子。
while 所在主从句动作持续相等时间时,主从句一般都用进行时;如果两个动作一长一短时,经常是短的用一般过去时,长的用过去进行时。
I was cking the dinner while he was playing the pian.
他在弹钢琴时我在做饭。
I saw him while I was walking t the statin.
我在去往车站时看见了他。
.3. 过去完成时的用法:
过去完成时和现在完成时的用法基本相似,表示某个动作在过去的某个时间之前已经完成, 即“过去的过去”。现在完成时以现在为基准,而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻为基准。
1. 过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。在强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。
例如:I had finished my hmewrk befre yu came here. 在你来这里之前我已经完成我的家庭作业。 He said that he had seen yu befre.
他说他以前见过你。
过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态,这一动作一直持续或将继续下去。
例如:The bus had already left by the time I gt there. 在我到达那里之前,公共汽车已经开走了。By six ’clck they had wrked fr eight hurs.
不迟于六点钟他们已经工作八个小时了。
在含有间接引语的宾语从句中,主句经常是一般过去时,从句常用过去完成时。 例如:He tld me that he had already seen the film.
他告诉我他已经看过那部电影了。
过去将来时的用法:
表示过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常用在宾语从句中,由 wuld+动词原形构成。
例如:They said they wuld cme the next day. 他们说第二天就回来。
表示曾经打算或准备做的动作,were/was+动词原形构成。 例如:Yur father said he was ging t visit yur schl next week.
你爸爸说他下个星期要到你的学校参观。
I thught it was ging t rain. 我认为要下雨了。
g,cme,leave,arrive,start 等动词,其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。
He said he was cming this evening. 他说他今晚要来。
【巩固练习】
单项选择。
—I can’t find Ted fr three days. Where is he?
—He Beijing fr a meeting.
has been tB. has gne tC. have been tD. have gne t
She her hmetwn fr many years. N ne nearly knws her.
has been away frmB. has leftC. had left
—When and where t spend the hliday yet.
—Let’s make it nw.
is decidedB. desn’t decideC. has nt been decidedD. has decided 4.Dn’t talk here. Grandparents .
A. sleepB. sleptC. are sleepingD. were sleeping 5.We in the same schl since three years ag.
A. studyB. were studyingC. will studyD. have studied 6.Kate n the phne when Jasn entered the rm.
A.talkB.talkedC.is talkingD.was talking
7.I muntain climbing with my friends if I’m free this weekend. A.will gB.gC.wentD.have gne
My grandma dinner when I gt hme yesterday.
A.cksB.will ckC.is ckingD.was cking
9.I will call yu as sn as I the tickets t the mvie Harry PtterⅦ. A.getB.gtC.will getD.am getting
10. —Yur English is gd.
—Thank yu. Iit fr three years.
A. learnB. learnC. have learnedD. had learned 11.My life a lt since the beginning f Grade Nine.
A.will changeB.was changingC.has changedD.had changed
Li Ming said he happy if Brian t China next mnth.
A. as; cmeB. was; wuld cmeC. wuld be; cameD. will be; cme 13.If it tmrrw, we wn’t g t the park.
A.rainedB. rainsC.will rainD. raining
—The plane is leaving right nw, but Jim hasn’t arrived yet.
—Well, he said he here n time.
A. cameB. wuld cmeC. can beD. will be 15.The ther day I a letter frm my uncle.
A.gtB.will gtC.have gt D.get
— What had happened ver there?
— I dn’t knw. By the time I gt there, all the peple ff. A.had runB.have runC.were running
As sn as the baby saw her mther, she .
A .was ging t cryB. criedC. began t cryD. was crying
—Where is yur father?
—He Australia and he Sydney fr tw weeks.
has been t; has been inB. has gne t; has been in
C. has been in; has been tD. has gne t; has been t
Jenny in the chicken when yu called her at 5 ’clck this afternn.
is ckingB. was ckingC. cksD. cked
—Yu were nt in when I went there yesterday.
—Oh, I fr a friend frm England at the airprt at that mment.
A. had waitedB. was waitingC. am waitingD. have waited
用所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。
While we (wait) fr the bus, a girl (run) up t us.
I (telephne) a friend when Bb (cme) in.
She said the bus (leave) at five the next mrning.
We (test) the new machine when the electricity (g) ff.
She (nt want) t stay in bed while the thers (all, wrk) in the fields.
I wasn't sure whether he (lend) me his bk the next mrning.
Whenever she had time, she (help) them in their wrk.
Even when she (be) a child she (already, think) f becming a ballerina.
按照括号的要求完成句子。
They have been here since 2000 .(对划线部分提问)
have they been here?
The ld man last year. He fr a year.(用 die 的正确形式填空)
This factry pened twenty years ag.(同义句) This factry fr twenty years.
The Green Family mved t France tw years ag. (同义句)
tw years the Green family mved t France.
The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ag. (合并句子,句意不变)
.
【答案与解析】
单项选择。
B。本题考查 has been t 和 has gne t 的区别,前者表示曾经去过某地,后者表示去了某地,没有返回。根据句意可知选 B。
A。由 fr many years 可知,动词要用延续性动词,句意为“她离开家乡许多年了,几乎没有人认识她”。
C。由 yet 可知用现在完成时,句意为“何时何地度假还没有决定”。
C。根据前句“不要在这儿谈话”可知“祖父母正在睡觉”,根据前句的时态可知使用现在进行时态,故答案为 C 项。
D。“since+过去时间点”与现在完成时连用,表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
D。句意为“当 Jasn 走进房间的时候 Kate 正在打电话”。根据从句时态可知使用过去进行时。
A。在含有 if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,主句使用一般将来时,从句使用一般现在时代替一般将来时,所以答案为 A 项。
D。句中 when 引导的是时间状语从句是一般过去时,主句表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作。
A。在含有时间和条件状语从句的复合句中,主句使用一般将来时,从句使用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
C。由 fr three years 可知用现在完成时,表示学习这一动作已经持续三年了,可能继续持续下去。
C。由“since+时间点”与现在完成时连用,表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状 态。
C。由于主句是一般过去时,宾语从句要用相应的过去时。第一空用过去将来时,第二空用一般过去时。
B。在含有 if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,主句使用一般将来时,从句使用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
B。由于主句是一般过去时,所以从句要用过去将来时。
A。the ther day 意为“不久前某一天;几天以前”,通常与一般过去时连用。
A。由“By the time I gt there”可知主句动作发生在从句动作之前,表示过去的过去, 所以用过去完成时。
A。由于 as sn as 引导的从句是一般过去时,主句就应用过去将来时。
B。句意为“爸爸去了澳大利亚而且呆在悉尼两周了”,去某地用 has gne t…,呆在某地用 has been in…,所以选 B。
B。when 引导的时间状语表示过去的某一时刻,在过去某一时刻正在发生的动作要用过去进行时。
B。由 at that mment 可知用过去进行时,表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作。
用所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。
were waiting; ran
was telephning; came
was leaving
was testing; went
didn’t want; were all wrking
wuld lend
wuld help
was; was already thinking
按照括号的要求完成句子。
1. Hw lng2.died, has been dead3.has been pen4.It is, since
5.The bus has been here fr ten minutes/It is ten minutes since the bus arrived here。
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