必修5 Unit3 Life in the future（核心素养过关练）-2021年高考英语一轮复习学与练

必修5 Unit3 Life in the future

基础练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1. The movie had an exciting opening, but its ending was boring and disappointing.
2. The thought suddenly flashed through my mind that she didn’t want to be here.
3. The charges(指控) were dropped for lack of evidence. 
4. The settlement of the conflict depends on the two sides involved rather than us alone.
5. How can you tolerate all that noise while you’re working? 
6. The first English Festival of our school was held last week, which left a good impression on all of the students. 
7. Keeping an optimistic state of mind is good for health. 
8. There is a switch (开关) on the wall for turning on the lights. 
9. He showed us all aspects (方面) of the game that we had never seen before.
10. It was greedy (贪婪的) of them to eat up all the candy. 
11. I was angry with my son because he was disturbing me constantly (时常的；不断的) when I was working.
12. 【2019江苏卷】Human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better guide (指导；向导)．
13. 【2018江苏卷】Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls for a clear road map and timetable (时刻表)．
14. Whatever their motivation (动机) is, the influence of the project on the economy is good indeed.

Ⅱ.单句填空

1. The boss couldn’t tolerate making (make) such small mistakes over and over again.
2. Henry has made some adjustments (adjust) to his lifestyle, and now he feels more comfortable.. 
3. The man who was deserted in the desert was eager to get some dessert to eat, and later he found a deserted hut. (desert)
4. The firm is pressing me for a decision and the pressure from my parents is quite unbearable, so I had to accept this new job. (press)
5. An official was sent to settle the problem but different opinions of two sides destroyed all the hopes of a peaceful settlement (settle)
6. The kids were told to remain in their seats with their seat belts fastened (fasten) because there might be a few bumps.
7. I’m uncertain(certain) whether I’ll get the 1st prize in the English contest, but I will try my best.
8. Though lacking (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university. 
9. We were transported to where there were many people flying by in all directions (direct).
10. The city of Hangzhou is really an impressive place. Especially the famous West Lake always leaves quite an impression on the visitors. I was strongly impressed by its beauty the first time I visited it. (impress)
11. I always dream of having a house surrounded by trees and flowers. If we can live in such beautiful surroundings, we must have a happy feeling every day. The surrounding things always have an effect on our mood. (surround) 
12. All the students attending the lecture here are greedy for knowledge.

Ⅲ.短语检测

1. I walked slowly and casually, hoping she would catch sight of (看见) me. 
2. Since the teacher didn’t notice him, Tom slid into (溜进) the classroom as quickly as he could.
3. Such important people don’t often have much free time because their work takes up (占用) all their time. 
4. After resting for a while, the weak woman was back on her feet (完全复原) again and continued to work.
5. Mrs. King immediately swept up (打扫) all the broken glass for the sake of the children’s safety.
6. Since there were almost no cars on the road and it was getting dark, he sped up (加速) and wanted to get to the destination soon.
7. When not in the room, you’d better switch off (关掉) all the lights and the fan. 
8. Their house is similar to (与……相似) ours but ours has a bigger garden. 
9. The old man watched his daughter and son leaving further and further until he lost sight of (看不见) them.
10. Many graduates show a lack of (缺乏) confidence during an interview. 

Ⅳ.重点句型

1. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience.
2. A new shopping market has been set up in what used to be open countryside.
3. Seriously injured (injure), some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once. 
4. Guided (guide) by a local villager, we finally found the ancient castle.
5. I like rising very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe (breathe).
6. The instant/The moment/ Instantly /As soon as/… (一……就……) I saw him,I knew he was the man the police were looking for. 
7. I don’t like reading, but this Chinese classic novel is interesting to read (读起来很有趣)．
8. The train shook as we lay relaxed (relax) by our dreams.
9. In front of the house is a garden (房子前面有一个花园) which is what I want to have.

Ⅴ.课文语法填空

   I went into the future because I had won 1. a  prize that gave me a tour. I suffered 2. from “time lag” when I left my own time. Wang Ping gave me some green tablets which could help me feel less nervous and 3.uncertain (certain). His parents’ company, called “Future Tours”, transported me into the future in a time capsule.

   Upon arrival, the first thing 4.that made a deep impression 5.on/upon me was the poor quality of the air, so my head 6.ached (ache), and I tried to make the necessary adjustment. We collected our hovering carriages 7.drived (drive) by computer. Wang Ping helped me fasten my 8.safety (safe) belt and showed me how to use them. Later, I realized I was transported into the future of 9.what was still my hometown. After arriving at Wang Ping’s house, I was very surprised 10. to find (find) that a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. 

必修5 Unit3 Life in the future

提升练

I. 阅读理解

A

【2020全国I卷】The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.

   The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.

   One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.

   In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off”switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.

Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A. A new study of different plants.     B. A big fall in crime rates.

C. Employees from various workplaces.    D. Benefits from green plants.

2. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?

A. To detect plants’ lack of water     B. To change compositions of plants

C. To make the life of plants longer.     D. To test chemicals in plants.

3. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?

A. They will speed up energy production.    B. They may transmit electricity to the home.

C. They might help reduce energy consumption.  D. They could take the place of power plants.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Can we grow more glowing plants?   B. How do we live with glowing plants?

C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?  D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?

B

【2012安徽卷】    Welcome to your future life!

   You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people at your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you’re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(抗衰老的) treatment. Now, all three of you look the same age!

   You say to your shirt, “Turn red.” It changes from blue to red. In 2035, “smart clothes” contain particles(粒子) much smaller than the cells(细胞) in your body. The particles can be programmed to change your clothes’ color or pattern(样式).

   You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says, “You shouldn’t drink that!” Your fridge has read the chip (芯片) that contains information about the milk , and it knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.

   It’s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car” where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such “smart technology” is all around you.

   So will all these things come true? “For new technology to succeed,” says scientist Andrew Zolli, “it has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.” The Internet is one example—what will be the next?

5. We can learn from the text that in the future          .

A. people will never get old

B. everyone will look the same

C. red will be the most popular color

D. clothes will be able to change their pattern

6. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?

A. Food in the grocery store will carry electronic information.

B. More drinks will be given for sale.

C. Milk in the grocery store will stay fresh much longer.

D. Milk will be harmful to health.

7. Which of the following is mentioned in the text?

A. Cars will be able to drive automatically.   B. Fridges will know what people need.

C. Jacket sleeves can be used as a guide.    D. Nothing can replace the Internet.

8. What is the text mainly about?

A. Food and clothing in 2035.     B. The reason for the success of new technology.

C. Medical treatments of the future.    D. Future technology in everyday life.

C

【2020浙江卷】The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.

   That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.

   “Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.

   For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities,” he says.

   In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.

9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Increased length of green lights.   B. Shortened traffic signal cycle.

C. Flexible timing of traffic signals.   D. Smooth traffic flow on the road.

10. What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?

A. They work better on broad roads.

B. They should be used in other cities.

C. They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.

D. They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.

11. What can we learn from Bellevue’s success?

A. It is rewarding to try new things. B. The old methods still work today.

C. I pays to put theory into practice. D. The simplest way is the best way.

D

【2017全国II卷】Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transition – has two seats wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.

   Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000. And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.

   Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition  is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.

   Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.

12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A. The basic data of the Transition.   B. The advantages of flying cars.

C. The potential market for flying cars.  C. The designers of the Transition.

13. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?

A. It causers traffic jams.      B. It is difficult to operate.

C. It is very expensive.      D. It bums too much fuel.

14. What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?

A. Cautious   B. Favorable.   C. Ambiguous.   D. Disapproving.

15. What is the best title for the text?

A. Flying Car at Auto Show     B. The Transition’s Fist Flight

C. Pilots’Dream Coming True     D. Flying Car Closer to Reality

II. 阅读七选五

【2018全国I卷】Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?    16    , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.

   Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.    17    , they can get a little complex .But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.

       18    . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .

   Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ____19    . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.

   The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. ___20    .

A. While all of them are useful

B. Whatever you’re looking for

C. If you’re experimenting with a color

D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with

E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces

F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time

G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways

III.语法填空

【2020浙江卷】 Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived    21   , through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on    22    could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.

   Farming produced more food per person    23    hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food    24   (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology    25   (change)lives.

   By about 6000 BC, people       26      (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the    27    (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas,    28    (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.

   This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with    29    rise of science, changes began. New methods     30    (mean) that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers (化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.