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2021高考英语冲刺卷06（含解析）
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2021高考英语冲刺卷06
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节， 满分40分)
第一节(共15小题； 每小题2分， 满分30分)
阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项。
A
TrueCar.com
Top dealers compete for your business by offering lower prices. TrueCar spends a lot of money and resources on making sure the entire car renting experience is simple and straightforward. If you’re in the market for a new car, give this site a try first.
TrueCar’s network checks many of the prices in your area and gets the best price for the car you’re looking for.
Carvoy.com
It offers more control by allowing you to build your car, and select your rental plan. The “build your car” option is one of the better options for those looking to add features to their car. If you’re looking for cars with options like a sunroof or navigation(导航), it’s Carvoy that makes it very easy to get started with the process.
CarsDirect.com
They have a large collection of new and used cars, and also provide resources for car comparisons. In the business for many years, they are one of the first online car outlets. They have a staff that can usually help you if you give them a call. Their phone support is very good and they are mostly located in the United States.
CarRentals.com
It delivers your rental car to the door, which is actually a huge selling point. Many people don’t like to go to a dealership or even drive somewhere to pick up a car. Imagine renting a car and having it delivered right to your doorstep, and you need not drive by yourself.
CostcoAuto.com
It offers memberonly savings, many car selections and an easy signup process. The deals through Costco are great and unique. Many times they have deals with General Motors cars like Chevrolet. There are a lot of deals to be done, but the one thing that Costco does not do is negotiate the price.
1．What’s the selling point of TrueCar.com ?
A．Its most reasonable prices for cars.
B．The diversity of its used cars.
C．Its delivery service to your door.
D．The special offers to its members.
2．What is the special service that Carvoy.com provides?
A．You can have other functions added to your car.
B．You can rent a car more easily than elsewhere.
C．You can design the whole car by yourself.
D．You can have better operation over your car.
3．If you are a good bargainer, it’s wise to avoid dealing with ________．
A．CarsDirect.com
B．Carvoy.com
C．CarRentals.com
D．CostcoAuto.com
B
Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.
Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.
I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects.
I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honour with the title of scientific research.
But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only selfdiscipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.
4．What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?
A．Wildlife. B．Music.
C．Languages. D．Literature.
5．Why can’t the author remember his relatives clearly?
A．He didn’t live with them for long.
B．The family was extremely large.
C．He was fully occupied with observing nature.
D．He was too young when he lived with them.
6．According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?
A．Being knowledgeable.
B．Being selfdisciplined.
C．Being full of ambition.
D．Being full of enthusiasm.
7．Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?
A．He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.
B．He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.
C．He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.
D．He thinks he just reads about other people’s observations.
C
Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers. Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespan(寿命) around the world.
It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.
The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter (PM)(颗粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns. These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancers. PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires, agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物)．
Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries. They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.
“The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already wellknown，” said Apte. “And we all care about how long we can live. Here, we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world. What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survival — on average about a year globally.”
In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting human survival rates, Apte said this is a big number. “For example, it’s considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined，” he said. “In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large. For much of Asia, if air pollution were removed as a risk for death, 60yearolds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”
8．What do we know about PM 2.5?
A．It has a bad effect on human health.
B．It will be controlled in the future.
C．It only comes from industrial emissions.
D．It spreads to the world from Asian countries.
9．What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?
A．They collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.
B．They employed the research data to calculate the effect.
C．They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.
D．They measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.
10．What can be inferred from the text?
A．The key to people living longer is good air quality.
B．People think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them.
C．Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.
D．Factories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Way Human Beings Enjoy a Longer Lifespan
B．The Importance of Getting Rid of Air Pollution
C．Asian People Are Suffering from Serious Air Pollution
D．Air Pollution Reduces the Lifespan by More than One Year
D
Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society. This includes the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. But what age are we in now? That question can be answered with one word for some researchers. Plastics.
“Plastic has redefined our material culture and the artifacts we leave behind. It will be found in stratified(分层的) layers in our trash deposits(沉积层)．” That’s according to John Marston, an archaeologist.
The wide variety of synthetic polymers(合成聚合物) would not exist if it weren’t for human action. About six billion tons of plastics have been made and spread around the planet. They have been spread from forests to oceans ever since the first plastic polymers were invented.
Plastics are one of the most significant changes that humans have made to the Earth’s makeup. Most plastics don’t easily degrade. This only adds to the problem. Recycling isn’t an adequate solution. Not all types of plastic are easily recyclable. And there are only a few recycling plants that can process all varieties of plastic.
According to Debra Winter, writer for The Atlantic, this means that many of the materials thrown into recycling bins can cross the planet several times before they are processed. They are made into rugs, sweaters, or they are used to make other bottles. Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean. The problem has reached the point where it’s possible that in just a few decades there might be more plastic in the world’s oceans than fishes.
“Plastics have a supposed lifespan of over 500 years, so it’s safe to say that every plastic bottle you have used exists somewhere on this planet, in some form or another，” Winter writes.
The damage may already be done. It may be too late for human populations worldwide to change their plastic using ways. So the Plastic Age might soon take its place next to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in the history of human civilization.
12．Why do people call our age the Plastic Age?
A．Because plastics are not naturally made.
B．Because humans create plastics.
C．Because plastics influence the world greatly.
D．Because historians and archaeologists think so.
13．According to the passage, how are most plastics dealt with currently?
A．They are recycled.
B．They are degraded.
C．They are thrown away.
D．They are made into bottles.
14．What is the author’s attitude to the Plastic Age?
A．Negative. B．Ambiguous.
C．Favorable. D．Unconcerned.
15．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Plastics have ruined our environment.
B．We must stop using plastics altogether.
C．Human beings are in the Plastic Age.
D．Plastics are significant to human development.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever wondered what the real meaning of the saying “A friend in need is a friend indeed” is? 16.________ True friendship is the one, in which the individuals do not have to maintain good manners with each other. Sharing true friendship is the situation, when the person you are talking about is regarded as one among your family members, when the relation you share with him or her reaches a stage that even if you dont correspond for some time, your friendship remains unchanged.
The trust between best friends is such that if one friend falls in trouble, the other will not think twice to help. If the bond between two friends is strong, true friends can tolerate even long distances. 17.________ It would not affect their friendship.
18．________ They would face it together and support each other, even if it is against the interests of the other person. Best friends don’t analyze each other and they don’t have to do so. They accept each other with their positive and negative qualities. 19.________ They know each other’s strengths as well as weaknesses. One would not overpower the other. They would respect each other’s individuality. In fact, they would understand the similarities and respect the differences.
True friendship is marked by selflessness. Best friends support each other, even if the whole world opposes them. 20.________ If you have even one true friend, consider yourself lucky.
A．True friendship never fades away.
B．Nothing is hidden between true friends.
C．It is not easy getting true friends for the lifetime.
D．For them, geographical separation is just a part of life.
E．True friends don’t desert each other when one is facing trouble.
F．Remember, all the best friends are friends, but not all friends can be the best friends.
G．People talk about the true value of friendship actually without knowing what it stands for.
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节， 满分45分)
第一节(共20小题； 每小题1.5分， 满分30分)
阅读下面短文， 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I used to hate running. It seemed too hard, and pushing outside my comfort __21__ was not something I was eager to do.
In fact, I wouldn’t have become a(n)__22__ if it weren’t for my husband Charles. He had been a __23__， competitive runner for many years. After our marriage, he wouldn’t stop talking about how much he __24__ it.
So he picked it up again, and after about a year, I started to join him at the __25__. Just a few weeks later, Charles signed up for a fivekilometer race for both of us. I __26__ about doing it. It was too soon.
But on the race day, there I was.
The gun went off. Thousands of runners __27__．
The first kilometer was tough. I was already breathing __28__ and painfully aware of the group of runners __29__ past me.
After another minute I saw the threekilometer __30__. All I could think of was that I was __31__．
I rounded a corner, and saw both sides of the street __32__ with people watching the race, all cheering the runners on：I __33__ my legs to keep going.
Then I looked up and saw the clock. The __34__ ticking away gave me an incentive(动力). I knew that if I had __35__ finished this race I would have achieved something. So, I __36__up, and kicked it.
I had my arms __37__ higher when I passed through the finish line. A volunteer put a(n) __38__around my neck.
“You did great！I’m so proud of you！”Charles was thrilled that I’d __39__．
“That was amazing！I want to do another race.”I proudly hugged my medal as we started to walk to the postrace festivities. My lungs and my comfort zone both __40__．
21. A. block B．line
C. emotion D．zone
22．A. wife B．coach
C. expert D．runner
23．A. serious B．common
C. casual D．sharp
24．A. hated B．missed
C. admired D．trained
25．A. race B．department
C. track D．ceremony
26．A. hesitated B．puzzled
C. cared D．brought
27．A. slipped away B．backed off
C. pushed forward D．came over
28．A. mildly B．shallowly
C. gently D．heavily
29．A. running B．bending
C. reaching D．pacing
30．A. symbol B．mark
C. pattern D．campaign
31．A. hopeful B．speechless
C. dying D．moving
32．A. stuck B．crowded
C. provided D．directed
33．A. sunk B．bent
C. shook D．willed
34．A. seconds B．titles
C. criteria D．competitors
35．A. also B．actually
C. just D．unfortunately
36．A. dressed B．came
C. stayed D．straightened
37．A. kept B．crossed
C. held D．tied
38．A. rope B．medal
C. necklace D．award
39．A. got it B．meant it
C. made it D．defeated it
40．A. trembled B．expanded
C. ached D．Erupted
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It used to be common to see US teenagers busy at fastfood restaurants cooking burgers and 41.____________(clean) tables, especially during the summer vacation. 42.____________， the scene is becoming less common.
Instead of finding summer jobs, many US teenagers are spending 43.____________(they) free time taking classes. According to The Atlantic this change partly results 44.____________the low teen earnings paying little toward the costs of college. For many students who are going to attend college, the money from summer jobs doesn’t live up to their 45.____________(expect) at all. Meanwhile, US teenagers’ increasing interest in education 46.____________(account) for this as well. They go to summer school to learn 47.____________they might not have time for after they leave school, which 48.____________(consider) as a wise choice.
Despite this, a summer job is still believed to benefit teenagers. Early work experience is 49.____________human activity that develops people’s social skills. When kids are working, they gradually gain 50.____________(practice) knowledge and understanding of the labor market.
第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题； 每小题1分， 满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文， 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误， 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、 删除或修改。
增加： 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除： 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改： 在错的词下画一横线， 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处， 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I have a 5－year－old sister. Sometimes she fights against myself for candies. When Mom makes me to give my share to her, I always feel unwillingly. Last week, I caught serious cold and had to follow the doctor’s advices to take medicine. Before I came home from school, I noticed her leaving candies beside my medicine. I go up to her and asked, “Hey, what are you doing？” In a smile, she said to me, “Candies make me happy because I put them here to make you happy today.” That was the greatest thing which I’d ever experienced.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假如你是李华，你的英国好友Peter打算来中国旅游，他想先学习一些中文，却不知道如何入门。你决定帮助他，请写一封邮件告诉他你的想法。
要点：1.你给他的学习建议；
2．介绍你的帮助计划；
3．对结果的展望。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
赢战2020高考英语百日冲刺卷12答案详解
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节， 满分40分)
第一节(共15小题； 每小题2分， 满分30分)
阅读理解A
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了几个出租汽车的网站，包括其经营特色、服务项目等。
1．A 解析：细节理解题。根据TrueCar.com部分最后一句“TrueCar’s network checks many of the prices in your area and gets the best price for the car you’re looking for.”可知，TrueCar.com网站可以为顾客提供最公道的汽车价格，故选A。
2．A 解析：细节理解题。根据Carvoy.com部分Carvoy.com部分中的第二句“The ‘build your car’ option is one of the better options for those looking to add features to their car.”可知，Carvoy.com的服务特色是可以给汽车增加其他功能，故选A。
3．D 解析：推理判断题。根据Costco.com部分最后一句“There are a lot of deals to be done, but the one thing that Costco does not do is negotiate the price.”可知，通过CostcoAuto.com可以完成很多交易，但是不能与其讲价；据此可推知，如果你是个爱讨价还价的人，避免和Costco.com网站交易是明智的，故选D。
阅读理解B
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。
4．A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects.”可知，作者在童年时对那些野生生物印象深刻，故选A。
5．C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects.”可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼应，故选C。
6．D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations.”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D。
7．A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack.”可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质，故选A。
阅读理解C
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，良好的空气质量有益于延长寿命，但是空气污染导致细颗粒物进入人体肺部，导致心脏病、中风、癌症的发病率升高，从而影响人的寿命。
8．A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancers.”可知，PM 2.5影响人体健康，故A项正确。
9．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，这是首次将空气污染和寿命数据结合起来研究，以查明空气污染如何影响总体预期寿命。故B项正确。
10．C 解析：推理判断题。根据尾段内容，尤其是“In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large.”可知，Apte认为改善空气质量对老年人有好处；据此可推知，他会同意人们采取措施应对空气污染，故C项正确。
11．D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段第一句“Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers.”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章通过介绍科学研究，说明空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上。故D项最适合作本文的标题。
阅读理解D
【解题导语】 在我们所处的时代，塑料给我们的生活带来了很大便利，但是也对环境造成了巨大损害。
12．C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，历史学家和考古学家是使用对社会造成最大影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期的，由此可推知，我们称现在这个时代为塑料时代的原因是塑料极大地影响了世界，故选C。
13．C 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean.”可知，可回收的塑料垃圾较少，更多的塑料垃圾最终被扔到垃圾场或海洋中了，故选C。
14．A 解析：观点态度题。根据全文内容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾对社会造成的巨大负面影响，尤其在最后一段中提到，塑料垃圾对社会可能已经造成了损害，人们改变使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者对塑料时代持消极态度。故选A。
15．C 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是我们人类现在处于塑料时代并解释了我们这个时代被称为塑料时代的原因，故选C。
第二节 阅读七选五
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。在生活中，真正的友谊不会拘泥于各种礼仪，朋友彼此间都以诚相待，会毫不犹豫地帮助对方。
16．G 解析：空前一句是说，你曾经想知道“患难见真情”的真正含义吗？后一句解释了什么是真正的友谊；由此可推知，空处应是说很多人并不了解真正友谊的含义。故选G。
17．D 解析：根据前一句中的“long distances”可知，此处叙述的是地理分离对双方的影响，这与D项中的“geographical separation”相呼应。故选D。
18．E 解析：根据后一句中的“face it together and support each other”可知，此处讲述的是真正的朋友会共同面对困难并互相支持，这与E项中的“don’t desert each other”相联系。故选E。
19．B 解析：根据后一句中的“They know each other’s strengths as well as weaknesses.”可知，真正的朋友知道对方的优点和缺点，双方坦诚相见，故选B。
20．C 解析：根据空后的“If you have even one true friend, consider yourself lucky.”可知，即使你只有一位真正的朋友，那你也应该感到幸运；由此可推知，C项“获得一生的真正的朋友并不容易”符合语境，故选C。
第二部分 英语知识运用
第一节 完形填空答案：
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者原本不喜欢跑步，但是在丈夫的带动下她也开始跑步，并且坚持完成了5公里的跑步比赛。
21．D 解析：根据文章最后一句中的“my comfort zone”可知，故选D。
22．D 解析：根据下文内容可知，作者一开始不喜欢跑步，在丈夫的带动下，最后变成了一名跑步者(runner)。
23．A 解析：根据空后的“competitive runner for many years”并结合语境可知，作者的丈夫以前是一个认真的、有竞争力的跑步者。serious“认真的”。
24．B 解析：根据下文中的“So he picked it up again”可推知，作者的丈夫和她结婚以后，总是不停地说他有多想念(missed) 跑步。
25．C 解析：根据该句可知，当作者的丈夫重新开始跑步时，作者也在跑道(track)上加入了他，和他一起跑。
26．A 解析：根据上文可知，作者以前并不喜欢跑步，当作者的丈夫让她一起报名参加五公里跑步的时候，作者有些犹豫(hesitated)。
27．C 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，当发令枪一响，数千名跑步者冲(pushed forward)了出去。
28．D 解析：根据空前一句“The first kilometer was tough.”可推知，当跑了一公里的时候，作者已经呼吸沉重了。heavily“沉重地”。
29．A 解析：根据语境可知，由于呼吸困难，作者跑步的速度渐渐地慢了下来，于是有很多人跑着(running)超过了作者。
30．B 解析：根据该句“After another minute I saw the threekilometer ______．”可知，此处表示作者看见了三公里的标志牌。mark“标记”。
31．C 解析：根据上文可知，作者跑了一公里便呼吸沉重，并结合语境可知，当作者看见了三公里的标志牌时，作者感觉自己要死(dying)了一样。
32．B 解析：街道的两边挤满(crowded)了观看赛跑的人，他们都在为选手加油。
33．D 解析：在听到周围人的鼓舞之后，作者设法用意志力驱使自己的双腿移动。will“设法用意志力驱使”。
34．A 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者觉得每一秒(seconds)走过的时间都在给她加油助力。
35．B 解析：作者知道如果她的确(actually)完成了比赛，那么她会收获许多。
36．D 解析：根据空前一句“I knew that...achieved something.”可推知，作者挺直身子，继续坚持完成比赛。straighten up“挺直身子”。
37．C 解析：当作者冲过终点线的时候，她把自己的手举得更高。hold“使保持(在某位置)”。
38．B 解析：根据下文中的“I proudly hugged my medal”可知，此处表示一个志愿者给作者带上奖牌(medal)。
39．C 解析：根据上文内容可知，作者最终完成了对她来说看似不可能完成的事情，跑完了五公里。make it“获得成功”。
40．B 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示在作者成功跑完了这次五公里之后，她感觉自己的肺和舒适区都得到了扩展(expanded)。
第二节语法填空
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要叙述了美国青少年暑期生活的变化。
41．cleaning 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的并列连词and可知，空处与前面的cooking并列作be busy(in) doing sth.结构的宾语。
42．However 解析：考查副词。由上文中的“It used to be common”以及空后的“the scene is becoming less common”可知，此处前后句构成转折关系，故用However。
43．their 解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，空处修饰名词free time，故应用they的形容词性物主代词their在句中作定语，表示“他们的”。
44．from 解析：考查介词。这种变化部分是由青少年得到的薪水很低而难以支付大学的费用造成的。result from“(由……而)造成”为固定搭配。
45．expectations 解析：考查词形转换和名词的单复数。根据语境及空前的“their”可知，空处应用expect的名词复数形式，表示“他们的那些期望”。
46．accounts 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，文章叙述的是一般的情况，且主语是US teenagers’ increasing interest，因此谓语动词用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式accounts。
47．what 解析：考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词learn的宾语，指物，因此填what。
48．is considered 解析：考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，文章叙述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，此处表示“这被认为是一个明智的选择”，应用被动语态，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
49．a 解析：考查冠词。根据空前的“is”和空后的“human activity”可知，此处表示泛指“一项人类活动”，且human的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
50．practical 解析：考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用practical“实用的”。
第三部分 写作
第一节 短文改错
I have a 5－year－old sister. Sometimes she fights against for candies. When Mom makes me give my share to her, I always feel . Last week, I caught serious cold and had to follow the doctor’s to take medicine. I came home from school, I noticed her leaving candies beside my medicine. I up to her and asked, “Hey, what are you doing？” a smile, she said to me, “Candies make me happy I put them here to make you happy today.” That was the greatest thing I’d ever experienced.
第二节 书面表达
参考范文:
Dear Peter，
Glad to hear that you are going to take a trip to China this August. As I know, you are always interested in Chinese culture and want to learn some Chinese. Therefore, I suggest that you choose Chinese daily dialogue as a start, like greeting people, asking for directions and bargaining for souvenirs, which can help you a lot during your trip.
Learning a foreign language needs great efforts. Apparently, I’d like to be your teacher and send you an ebook with my teaching schedule later. Besides let’s have an online class over the Internet every weekend, through which I will try my best to make your learning easier and surely you can speak some fluent Chinese before your arrival.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节， 满分40分)
第一节(共15小题； 每小题2分， 满分30分)
阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项。
A
TrueCar.com
Top dealers compete for your business by offering lower prices. TrueCar spends a lot of money and resources on making sure the entire car renting experience is simple and straightforward. If you’re in the market for a new car, give this site a try first.
TrueCar’s network checks many of the prices in your area and gets the best price for the car you’re looking for.
Carvoy.com
It offers more control by allowing you to build your car, and select your rental plan. The “build your car” option is one of the better options for those looking to add features to their car. If you’re looking for cars with options like a sunroof or navigation(导航), it’s Carvoy that makes it very easy to get started with the process.
CarsDirect.com
They have a large collection of new and used cars, and also provide resources for car comparisons. In the business for many years, they are one of the first online car outlets. They have a staff that can usually help you if you give them a call. Their phone support is very good and they are mostly located in the United States.
CarRentals.com
It delivers your rental car to the door, which is actually a huge selling point. Many people don’t like to go to a dealership or even drive somewhere to pick up a car. Imagine renting a car and having it delivered right to your doorstep, and you need not drive by yourself.
CostcoAuto.com
It offers memberonly savings, many car selections and an easy signup process. The deals through Costco are great and unique. Many times they have deals with General Motors cars like Chevrolet. There are a lot of deals to be done, but the one thing that Costco does not do is negotiate the price.
1．What’s the selling point of TrueCar.com ?
A．Its most reasonable prices for cars.
B．The diversity of its used cars.
C．Its delivery service to your door.
D．The special offers to its members.
2．What is the special service that Carvoy.com provides?
A．You can have other functions added to your car.
B．You can rent a car more easily than elsewhere.
C．You can design the whole car by yourself.
D．You can have better operation over your car.
3．If you are a good bargainer, it’s wise to avoid dealing with ________．
A．CarsDirect.com
B．Carvoy.com
C．CarRentals.com
D．CostcoAuto.com
B
Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.
Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.
I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects.
I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honour with the title of scientific research.
But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only selfdiscipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.
4．What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?
A．Wildlife. B．Music.
C．Languages. D．Literature.
5．Why can’t the author remember his relatives clearly?
A．He didn’t live with them for long.
B．The family was extremely large.
C．He was fully occupied with observing nature.
D．He was too young when he lived with them.
6．According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?
A．Being knowledgeable.
B．Being selfdisciplined.
C．Being full of ambition.
D．Being full of enthusiasm.
7．Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?
A．He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.
B．He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.
C．He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.
D．He thinks he just reads about other people’s observations.
C
Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers. Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespan(寿命) around the world.
It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.
The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter (PM)(颗粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns. These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancers. PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires, agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物)．
Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries. They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.
“The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already wellknown，” said Apte. “And we all care about how long we can live. Here, we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world. What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survival — on average about a year globally.”
In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting human survival rates, Apte said this is a big number. “For example, it’s considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined，” he said. “In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large. For much of Asia, if air pollution were removed as a risk for death, 60yearolds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”
8．What do we know about PM 2.5?
A．It has a bad effect on human health.
B．It will be controlled in the future.
C．It only comes from industrial emissions.
D．It spreads to the world from Asian countries.
9．What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?
A．They collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.
B．They employed the research data to calculate the effect.
C．They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.
D．They measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.
10．What can be inferred from the text?
A．The key to people living longer is good air quality.
B．People think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them.
C．Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.
D．Factories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Way Human Beings Enjoy a Longer Lifespan
B．The Importance of Getting Rid of Air Pollution
C．Asian People Are Suffering from Serious Air Pollution
D．Air Pollution Reduces the Lifespan by More than One Year
D
Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society. This includes the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. But what age are we in now? That question can be answered with one word for some researchers. Plastics.
“Plastic has redefined our material culture and the artifacts we leave behind. It will be found in stratified(分层的) layers in our trash deposits(沉积层)．” That’s according to John Marston, an archaeologist.
The wide variety of synthetic polymers(合成聚合物) would not exist if it weren’t for human action. About six billion tons of plastics have been made and spread around the planet. They have been spread from forests to oceans ever since the first plastic polymers were invented.
Plastics are one of the most significant changes that humans have made to the Earth’s makeup. Most plastics don’t easily degrade. This only adds to the problem. Recycling isn’t an adequate solution. Not all types of plastic are easily recyclable. And there are only a few recycling plants that can process all varieties of plastic.
According to Debra Winter, writer for The Atlantic, this means that many of the materials thrown into recycling bins can cross the planet several times before they are processed. They are made into rugs, sweaters, or they are used to make other bottles. Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean. The problem has reached the point where it’s possible that in just a few decades there might be more plastic in the world’s oceans than fishes.
“Plastics have a supposed lifespan of over 500 years, so it’s safe to say that every plastic bottle you have used exists somewhere on this planet, in some form or another，” Winter writes.
The damage may already be done. It may be too late for human populations worldwide to change their plastic using ways. So the Plastic Age might soon take its place next to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in the history of human civilization.
12．Why do people call our age the Plastic Age?
A．Because plastics are not naturally made.
B．Because humans create plastics.
C．Because plastics influence the world greatly.
D．Because historians and archaeologists think so.
13．According to the passage, how are most plastics dealt with currently?
A．They are recycled.
B．They are degraded.
C．They are thrown away.
D．They are made into bottles.
14．What is the author’s attitude to the Plastic Age?
A．Negative. B．Ambiguous.
C．Favorable. D．Unconcerned.
15．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Plastics have ruined our environment.
B．We must stop using plastics altogether.
C．Human beings are in the Plastic Age.
D．Plastics are significant to human development.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever wondered what the real meaning of the saying “A friend in need is a friend indeed” is? 16.________ True friendship is the one, in which the individuals do not have to maintain good manners with each other. Sharing true friendship is the situation, when the person you are talking about is regarded as one among your family members, when the relation you share with him or her reaches a stage that even if you dont correspond for some time, your friendship remains unchanged.
The trust between best friends is such that if one friend falls in trouble, the other will not think twice to help. If the bond between two friends is strong, true friends can tolerate even long distances. 17.________ It would not affect their friendship.
18．________ They would face it together and support each other, even if it is against the interests of the other person. Best friends don’t analyze each other and they don’t have to do so. They accept each other with their positive and negative qualities. 19.________ They know each other’s strengths as well as weaknesses. One would not overpower the other. They would respect each other’s individuality. In fact, they would understand the similarities and respect the differences.
True friendship is marked by selflessness. Best friends support each other, even if the whole world opposes them. 20.________ If you have even one true friend, consider yourself lucky.
A．True friendship never fades away.
B．Nothing is hidden between true friends.
C．It is not easy getting true friends for the lifetime.
D．For them, geographical separation is just a part of life.
E．True friends don’t desert each other when one is facing trouble.
F．Remember, all the best friends are friends, but not all friends can be the best friends.
G．People talk about the true value of friendship actually without knowing what it stands for.
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节， 满分45分)
第一节(共20小题； 每小题1.5分， 满分30分)
阅读下面短文， 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I used to hate running. It seemed too hard, and pushing outside my comfort __21__ was not something I was eager to do.
In fact, I wouldn’t have become a(n)__22__ if it weren’t for my husband Charles. He had been a __23__， competitive runner for many years. After our marriage, he wouldn’t stop talking about how much he __24__ it.
So he picked it up again, and after about a year, I started to join him at the __25__. Just a few weeks later, Charles signed up for a fivekilometer race for both of us. I __26__ about doing it. It was too soon.
But on the race day, there I was.
The gun went off. Thousands of runners __27__．
The first kilometer was tough. I was already breathing __28__ and painfully aware of the group of runners __29__ past me.
After another minute I saw the threekilometer __30__. All I could think of was that I was __31__．
I rounded a corner, and saw both sides of the street __32__ with people watching the race, all cheering the runners on：I __33__ my legs to keep going.
Then I looked up and saw the clock. The __34__ ticking away gave me an incentive(动力). I knew that if I had __35__ finished this race I would have achieved something. So, I __36__up, and kicked it.
I had my arms __37__ higher when I passed through the finish line. A volunteer put a(n) __38__around my neck.
“You did great！I’m so proud of you！”Charles was thrilled that I’d __39__．
“That was amazing！I want to do another race.”I proudly hugged my medal as we started to walk to the postrace festivities. My lungs and my comfort zone both __40__．
21. A. block B．line
C. emotion D．zone
22．A. wife B．coach
C. expert D．runner
23．A. serious B．common
C. casual D．sharp
24．A. hated B．missed
C. admired D．trained
25．A. race B．department
C. track D．ceremony
26．A. hesitated B．puzzled
C. cared D．brought
27．A. slipped away B．backed off
C. pushed forward D．came over
28．A. mildly B．shallowly
C. gently D．heavily
29．A. running B．bending
C. reaching D．pacing
30．A. symbol B．mark
C. pattern D．campaign
31．A. hopeful B．speechless
C. dying D．moving
32．A. stuck B．crowded
C. provided D．directed
33．A. sunk B．bent
C. shook D．willed
34．A. seconds B．titles
C. criteria D．competitors
35．A. also B．actually
C. just D．unfortunately
36．A. dressed B．came
C. stayed D．straightened
37．A. kept B．crossed
C. held D．tied
38．A. rope B．medal
C. necklace D．award
39．A. got it B．meant it
C. made it D．defeated it
40．A. trembled B．expanded
C. ached D．Erupted
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It used to be common to see US teenagers busy at fastfood restaurants cooking burgers and 41.____________(clean) tables, especially during the summer vacation. 42.____________， the scene is becoming less common.
Instead of finding summer jobs, many US teenagers are spending 43.____________(they) free time taking classes. According to The Atlantic this change partly results 44.____________the low teen earnings paying little toward the costs of college. For many students who are going to attend college, the money from summer jobs doesn’t live up to their 45.____________(expect) at all. Meanwhile, US teenagers’ increasing interest in education 46.____________(account) for this as well. They go to summer school to learn 47.____________they might not have time for after they leave school, which 48.____________(consider) as a wise choice.
Despite this, a summer job is still believed to benefit teenagers. Early work experience is 49.____________human activity that develops people’s social skills. When kids are working, they gradually gain 50.____________(practice) knowledge and understanding of the labor market.
第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题； 每小题1分， 满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文， 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误， 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、 删除或修改。
增加： 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除： 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改： 在错的词下画一横线， 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处， 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I have a 5－year－old sister. Sometimes she fights against myself for candies. When Mom makes me to give my share to her, I always feel unwillingly. Last week, I caught serious cold and had to follow the doctor’s advices to take medicine. Before I came home from school, I noticed her leaving candies beside my medicine. I go up to her and asked, “Hey, what are you doing？” In a smile, she said to me, “Candies make me happy because I put them here to make you happy today.” That was the greatest thing which I’d ever experienced.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假如你是李华，你的英国好友Peter打算来中国旅游，他想先学习一些中文，却不知道如何入门。你决定帮助他，请写一封邮件告诉他你的想法。
要点：1.你给他的学习建议；
2．介绍你的帮助计划；
3．对结果的展望。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
赢战2020高考英语百日冲刺卷12答案详解
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节， 满分40分)
第一节(共15小题； 每小题2分， 满分30分)
阅读理解A
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了几个出租汽车的网站，包括其经营特色、服务项目等。
1．A 解析：细节理解题。根据TrueCar.com部分最后一句“TrueCar’s network checks many of the prices in your area and gets the best price for the car you’re looking for.”可知，TrueCar.com网站可以为顾客提供最公道的汽车价格，故选A。
2．A 解析：细节理解题。根据Carvoy.com部分Carvoy.com部分中的第二句“The ‘build your car’ option is one of the better options for those looking to add features to their car.”可知，Carvoy.com的服务特色是可以给汽车增加其他功能，故选A。
3．D 解析：推理判断题。根据Costco.com部分最后一句“There are a lot of deals to be done, but the one thing that Costco does not do is negotiate the price.”可知，通过CostcoAuto.com可以完成很多交易，但是不能与其讲价；据此可推知，如果你是个爱讨价还价的人，避免和Costco.com网站交易是明智的，故选D。
阅读理解B
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。
4．A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects.”可知，作者在童年时对那些野生生物印象深刻，故选A。
5．C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects.”可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼应，故选C。
6．D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations.”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D。
7．A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack.”可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质，故选A。
阅读理解C
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，良好的空气质量有益于延长寿命，但是空气污染导致细颗粒物进入人体肺部，导致心脏病、中风、癌症的发病率升高，从而影响人的寿命。
8．A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancers.”可知，PM 2.5影响人体健康，故A项正确。
9．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，这是首次将空气污染和寿命数据结合起来研究，以查明空气污染如何影响总体预期寿命。故B项正确。
10．C 解析：推理判断题。根据尾段内容，尤其是“In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large.”可知，Apte认为改善空气质量对老年人有好处；据此可推知，他会同意人们采取措施应对空气污染，故C项正确。
11．D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段第一句“Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers.”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章通过介绍科学研究，说明空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上。故D项最适合作本文的标题。
阅读理解D
【解题导语】 在我们所处的时代，塑料给我们的生活带来了很大便利，但是也对环境造成了巨大损害。
12．C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，历史学家和考古学家是使用对社会造成最大影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期的，由此可推知，我们称现在这个时代为塑料时代的原因是塑料极大地影响了世界，故选C。
13．C 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean.”可知，可回收的塑料垃圾较少，更多的塑料垃圾最终被扔到垃圾场或海洋中了，故选C。
14．A 解析：观点态度题。根据全文内容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾对社会造成的巨大负面影响，尤其在最后一段中提到，塑料垃圾对社会可能已经造成了损害，人们改变使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者对塑料时代持消极态度。故选A。
15．C 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是我们人类现在处于塑料时代并解释了我们这个时代被称为塑料时代的原因，故选C。
第二节 阅读七选五
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。在生活中，真正的友谊不会拘泥于各种礼仪，朋友彼此间都以诚相待，会毫不犹豫地帮助对方。
16．G 解析：空前一句是说，你曾经想知道“患难见真情”的真正含义吗？后一句解释了什么是真正的友谊；由此可推知，空处应是说很多人并不了解真正友谊的含义。故选G。
17．D 解析：根据前一句中的“long distances”可知，此处叙述的是地理分离对双方的影响，这与D项中的“geographical separation”相呼应。故选D。
18．E 解析：根据后一句中的“face it together and support each other”可知，此处讲述的是真正的朋友会共同面对困难并互相支持，这与E项中的“don’t desert each other”相联系。故选E。
19．B 解析：根据后一句中的“They know each other’s strengths as well as weaknesses.”可知，真正的朋友知道对方的优点和缺点，双方坦诚相见，故选B。
20．C 解析：根据空后的“If you have even one true friend, consider yourself lucky.”可知，即使你只有一位真正的朋友，那你也应该感到幸运；由此可推知，C项“获得一生的真正的朋友并不容易”符合语境，故选C。
第二部分 英语知识运用
第一节 完形填空答案：
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者原本不喜欢跑步，但是在丈夫的带动下她也开始跑步，并且坚持完成了5公里的跑步比赛。
21．D 解析：根据文章最后一句中的“my comfort zone”可知，故选D。
22．D 解析：根据下文内容可知，作者一开始不喜欢跑步，在丈夫的带动下，最后变成了一名跑步者(runner)。
23．A 解析：根据空后的“competitive runner for many years”并结合语境可知，作者的丈夫以前是一个认真的、有竞争力的跑步者。serious“认真的”。
24．B 解析：根据下文中的“So he picked it up again”可推知，作者的丈夫和她结婚以后，总是不停地说他有多想念(missed) 跑步。
25．C 解析：根据该句可知，当作者的丈夫重新开始跑步时，作者也在跑道(track)上加入了他，和他一起跑。
26．A 解析：根据上文可知，作者以前并不喜欢跑步，当作者的丈夫让她一起报名参加五公里跑步的时候，作者有些犹豫(hesitated)。
27．C 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，当发令枪一响，数千名跑步者冲(pushed forward)了出去。
28．D 解析：根据空前一句“The first kilometer was tough.”可推知，当跑了一公里的时候，作者已经呼吸沉重了。heavily“沉重地”。
29．A 解析：根据语境可知，由于呼吸困难，作者跑步的速度渐渐地慢了下来，于是有很多人跑着(running)超过了作者。
30．B 解析：根据该句“After another minute I saw the threekilometer ______．”可知，此处表示作者看见了三公里的标志牌。mark“标记”。
31．C 解析：根据上文可知，作者跑了一公里便呼吸沉重，并结合语境可知，当作者看见了三公里的标志牌时，作者感觉自己要死(dying)了一样。
32．B 解析：街道的两边挤满(crowded)了观看赛跑的人，他们都在为选手加油。
33．D 解析：在听到周围人的鼓舞之后，作者设法用意志力驱使自己的双腿移动。will“设法用意志力驱使”。
34．A 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者觉得每一秒(seconds)走过的时间都在给她加油助力。
35．B 解析：作者知道如果她的确(actually)完成了比赛，那么她会收获许多。
36．D 解析：根据空前一句“I knew that...achieved something.”可推知，作者挺直身子，继续坚持完成比赛。straighten up“挺直身子”。
37．C 解析：当作者冲过终点线的时候，她把自己的手举得更高。hold“使保持(在某位置)”。
38．B 解析：根据下文中的“I proudly hugged my medal”可知，此处表示一个志愿者给作者带上奖牌(medal)。
39．C 解析：根据上文内容可知，作者最终完成了对她来说看似不可能完成的事情，跑完了五公里。make it“获得成功”。
40．B 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示在作者成功跑完了这次五公里之后，她感觉自己的肺和舒适区都得到了扩展(expanded)。
第二节语法填空
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要叙述了美国青少年暑期生活的变化。
41．cleaning 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的并列连词and可知，空处与前面的cooking并列作be busy(in) doing sth.结构的宾语。
42．However 解析：考查副词。由上文中的“It used to be common”以及空后的“the scene is becoming less common”可知，此处前后句构成转折关系，故用However。
43．their 解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，空处修饰名词free time，故应用they的形容词性物主代词their在句中作定语，表示“他们的”。
44．from 解析：考查介词。这种变化部分是由青少年得到的薪水很低而难以支付大学的费用造成的。result from“(由……而)造成”为固定搭配。
45．expectations 解析：考查词形转换和名词的单复数。根据语境及空前的“their”可知，空处应用expect的名词复数形式，表示“他们的那些期望”。
46．accounts 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，文章叙述的是一般的情况，且主语是US teenagers’ increasing interest，因此谓语动词用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式accounts。
47．what 解析：考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词learn的宾语，指物，因此填what。
48．is considered 解析：考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，文章叙述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，此处表示“这被认为是一个明智的选择”，应用被动语态，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
49．a 解析：考查冠词。根据空前的“is”和空后的“human activity”可知，此处表示泛指“一项人类活动”，且human的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
50．practical 解析：考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用practical“实用的”。
第三部分 写作
第一节 短文改错
I have a 5－year－old sister. Sometimes she fights against for candies. When Mom makes me give my share to her, I always feel . Last week, I caught serious cold and had to follow the doctor’s to take medicine. I came home from school, I noticed her leaving candies beside my medicine. I up to her and asked, “Hey, what are you doing？” a smile, she said to me, “Candies make me happy I put them here to make you happy today.” That was the greatest thing I’d ever experienced.
第二节 书面表达
参考范文:
Dear Peter，
Glad to hear that you are going to take a trip to China this August. As I know, you are always interested in Chinese culture and want to learn some Chinese. Therefore, I suggest that you choose Chinese daily dialogue as a start, like greeting people, asking for directions and bargaining for souvenirs, which can help you a lot during your trip.
Learning a foreign language needs great efforts. Apparently, I’d like to be your teacher and send you an ebook with my teaching schedule later. Besides let’s have an online class over the Internet every weekend, through which I will try my best to make your learning easier and surely you can speak some fluent Chinese before your arrival.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
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