2019版二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题二 习题讲评 课二(含解析)

段首、段尾题的思考点(二)——过渡句

[典例]　(2016·全国卷Ⅰ片段)

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There are three main types of cryptography.37(E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.) For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

  38   You might represent each letter with a number, for example.Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”

...

C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

[解析]　选G　本空属于上下过渡句。上一段提到：有三种主要类型的密码学并介绍了第一种密码类型，本段介绍的是第二种类型，再根据空格后的内容可知，此处选G。由叙述顺序也可知道G项中的Another way是一种提示。

[增分技巧]　在某段第一句设空的内容也有可能为承上启下的句子，这就需要考生做到瞻前顾后，既熟悉上一段结尾的内容，又结合下一段的内容，分析所选的答案是否能够将两段内容连贯起来。

[典例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ片段)

If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill­cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me.  36 

The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer ...

B．Things are going to be improved.

D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.

[解析]　选D　本题为段尾题。空格前一句说“他们与我没有共同之处”，空格后一段讲述了作者的一次野营，前后之间存在转折关系，所以此处需要填一个承上启下的转折句，这与D项中的however相呼应。

[增分技巧]　若段尾句与前文之间是转折关系，此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。

铺阴影的题目为段首、段尾的过渡句

A

In the late afternoon, 15­year­old Saanya Hasan Ali can often be found in  her comfortable family room.   1   She is cutting, drawing, gluing and folding, surrounded by a colorful chaos of paper, rubber stamps, buttons, and ribbons (丝带)．“I just love arts and crafts  (手工艺)，” says Saanya.During the past six years, Saanya has raised $26,000 through the sale of her cards to help children and families in need.

  “My mother received an e­mail from the Pennies for Education and Health (PEH) organization.They were raising money for children in India to be able to go to school，” explains Saanya, who was nine years old at the time.Her mother, Salma, offered to donate $75 in Saanya’s name.

Saanya made cards to sell at a family wedding that summer.To her own surprise, she earned $600 — enough to send eight children to school for the year.“I kept on making cards, and the following summer I was able to help support the kids for another year，” explains Saanya.  4 

Saanya acknowledges that her project has helped her to see the world through different eyes.“Now that I am in high school, I would also like to inspire other kids to do their own projects.  5   Making cards is my small effort，” she says.“If everyone does their small part, it can grow into something beyond your expectations.”

A．I was in third grade then.

B．Saanya’s unexpected success began in 2005.

C．But Saanya decided to raise the money herself.

D．But she isn’t doing homework or in front of a computer screen.

E．No matter who you are, there is always an opportunity to make a difference.

F．Saanya had established her own non­profit organization called “Children Helping Children”．

G．One of her goals is to support the schooling of these eight children until they graduate from college.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。15岁的女孩Saanya Hasan Ali通过制作手工贺卡筹集资金，帮助那些贫困的孩子和家庭。

1．选D　根据本空后面的“She is cutting, drawing, gluing and folding”可以锁定D项，代入后，“但她并不是做作业或坐在电脑前”符合语境。

2．选B　联系上文中的“Saanya已经筹集了26,000美元”和本空后面的“Saanya的妈妈收到一封为印度孩子筹集学费的电子邮件……并提出以Saanya的名义捐助75美元”可知，B项“Saanya意想不到的成功开始于2005年”符合语境，在文章中起承上启下的作用。

3．选C　根据下一段中的“Saanya made cards to sell ...she earned $600 — enough to send eight children to school for the year.”可知，Saanya想靠自己的努力资助那些孩子，故C项“Saanya决定自己筹钱”符合语境。

4．选G　根据本空前面的“for the year” “for another year”可以推知，Saanya接下来的目标是“资助这八个孩子直到大学毕业”，故G项符合语境。

5．选E　根据本空后面的“If everyone does their small part, it can grow into something beyond your expectations.”可知E项符合语境。“无论你是谁，都有机会影响这个社会，而制作卡片就是我为之做出的努力。如果每个人都能尽自己的绵薄之力，那么它的影响将超乎你的意料。”

B

(2018·武汉调研测试)These days when someone says a computer has a bug (小虫子) in it, usually they mean that there’s a problem with one of its programs.Maybe your computer crashed when you were in the middle of a game.

But back in the early days of computers, a woman named Grace Hopper was part of the team that discovered the very first computer bug.

 She had been invited to help program a new computer, the job of which was to quickly deal with the math problems ships used to  find their way.  8   Then it translated the patterns of holes into the math problems it was supposed to solve.

One afternoon in 1947 Hopper and her team were running a program.But the computer wasn’t giving them the right results.  9   They finally ended up taking the computer apart, looking for problems.What did they find? It was a dead moth (飞蛾)! The moth was blocking some of the holes in the paper — no wonder the computer didn’t know what to do.

Hopper knew that the term “bug” had been used before when there were problems with machines.But this was the first time a computer had ever had a bug.  10   Some people think Hopper was the first person to use the word “debug” to mean “get rid of the problems in a computer”．

A．What could be wrong?

B．Hopper was a mathematician.

C．Who had operated the computer?

D．Hopper was a hard­working scientist.

E．She thought it was funny that it was a real one.

F．Or you got an error message when you tried to go to a website.

G．The computer worked by reading instructions from a long piece of paper with holes in it.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电脑中bug的来历。现在人们将在电脑系统或程序中，隐藏着的一些未被发现的缺陷或问题统称bug (漏洞)。

6．选F　空前一句表示“当你在玩游戏的时候，或许你的电脑崩溃了”，根据语境可知，空处应表示电脑出问题的时间。故F项“或者当你努力进入一个网站时，你收到了一个错误信息”符合语境。

7．选B　根据下一句“She had been invited to help program a new computer, the job of which was to quickly deal with the math problems ships used to find their way.”可知，Hopper的工作是处理数学问题，由此可以推测，她是数学家。故选B。

8．选G　根据空后一句“Then it translated the patterns of holes into the math problems it was supposed to solve.”中的“the patterns of holes”可知，G项中的“with holes in it”与此相照应，且G项与空后一句逻辑严密，故选G。

9．选A　空前一句讲述了电脑不能给出正确的结果，也就是电脑出现了问题，结合语境可知，空处应在发问“可能是什么出现了问题呢？”，故选A。

10．选E　上文讲到，在他们使用的电脑里发现了一只飞蛾，这是在电脑里发现的第一只“bug”，且是一只真正的小虫子，故选E。

C

What to Do When Someone Doesn’t Like You

When someone tells me “I don’t care if people like me”， they  are showing me the emotional wall they use to block the hurt of rejection.

As humans are social animals, all of us care if people like us.Based on the need for social connection, your reactions to rejection and negative judgment can range from  minor hurt to outbreaks of depression.

The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your reaction.Ask yourself, “What am I feeling？”  12   Any betrayal (背叛) or embarrassment in your heart? Identify what feeling has shown up in your body, so you can choose what to do next.

 When you sense yourself shutting down or feeling defensive, ask yourself what the person actually meant to do to you.Did they truly mean to offend you, or make fun of you？Your brain works very hard to keep you safe, so it will judge a situation as threatening if there is any possibility of social harm.

When our brains sense a possible threat, we react as if we were personally attacked.Take a breath to relieve the stress.

Finally, if you believe the person doesn’t like you, ask yourself if this matters.  15  If not, what can you do to release your  need to be liked by this person？And, what can you do to stay neutral and not return the dislike? The more you can come to accept others as who they are, the more you can move forward with your goals regardless of if someone likes you or not.

A．If you can, look the person in his eyes.

B．Do you feel any fear or anger in your head?

C．Ask yourself what is true about the situation.

D．Often people do not realize the impact of their words.

E．Will the person’s judgment of you impact your work or life?

F．The ability to let a show of dislike roll off your back is a learned skill.

G．This will ground you in the present and take you out of your trembling mind.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了摆脱不受别人喜欢的情况的方法和策略。

11．选F　由空处承接下文“The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your reaction.”可推知，本空是一个承上启下的过渡句，即应对别人的拒绝和负面评价是一种可以学习的技能，下文具体阐述如何达成这种技能，所以选F项。

12．选B　由空处承接上文“Ask yourself, ‘What am I feeling？’”可推知，此处表示个人的感情倾向，与下文“Any betrayal (背叛) or embarrassment in your heart？”呼应，所以选B项。

13．选C　由空处承接下文“When you sense yourself shutting down or feeling defensive, ask yourself what the person actually meant to do to you.”可知，本段讲的是要搞清楚真实的状况，然后再具体地应对，故选C项。

14．选G　由空处承接上文“Take a breath to relieve the stress.”可推知，空处应进一步讲这样做的好处，所以选G项。

15．选E　由空处承接上文“Finally, if you believe the person doesn’t like you, ask yourself if this matters.”可推知，搞清楚他人的不喜欢对自己是否有影响对接下来的应对很重要，这种影响可能是工作或生活上的，所以选E项。