2020版新高考一轮复习英语新课改·外研版讲义：必修二Module1OurBodyandHealthyHabits

  　 Module 1 Our Body and Healthy Habits  一、课前基础自查 (一)分类记单词——省时高效Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)1．flu n. (＝ influenza)　　　流行性感冒2．symptom n.   症状3．X­ray n.  X光4．toothache n.  牙痛5．lung n.  肺6．throat n.  喉咙；咽喉；嗓子7．pneumonia n.   肺炎8．prescription n.   处方9．questionnaire n.   问卷；问卷调查；调查表10．insurance n.  保险11．fat n.  脂肪12．awful adj.  可怕的；吓人的Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)1．normal adj.　　　　　正常的；一般的2．lifestyle n.  生活方式3．overweight adj.  (人)太胖的；超重的4．captain n.  队长5．fit_adj.  健康的；强健的6．proverb n.  谚语7．diet_ n.  饮食；日常食物vi.  照医生的规定饮食8._head vi.  朝……方向前进9．eye vt.  注视；观看 Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)1．rare adj.稀少的；罕有的→rarely adv.稀少地；极少地2．unhealthy adj.不健康的；有碍健康的→healthy adj.健康的→health n．健康3．wealthy adj.富裕的；有钱的→wealth n．财富4．anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的；渴望的→anxiously adv.焦虑地→anxiety n．焦虑；担心；渴望5．injure vt.伤害→injury n．伤害；损伤；受伤处→injured adj.受伤的6．pain n．疼痛；痛苦→pains n．辛苦；努力→painful adj.疼痛的→painfully adv.使人疼痛地7．breathe vi.呼吸→breath n．呼吸[语境活用]1．This kind of flower is rare,_and rarely do I see it.(rare) 2．A health club is a private club that people go to in order to do exercise, keep healthy and avoid unhealthy diets.(health)3．He is regarded as one of the wealthiest persons in the world. His personal wealth is estimated at around ＄90 billion.(wealth)4．An injured man was taken to the hospital, where the doctors found he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms and they wondered who had injured him.(injure)5．He was seized with a painful sickness, and the pain nearly drove him mad. But he took pains to finish his work.(pain) (二)练中记短语——记牢用活写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.at_least　　　　　　　至少2．be_connected_with  与……有联系3．be_crazy_about  迷恋4．lie_down  躺下5．begin_with  以……开始6．put_..._into_...  将……投入……7．pay_for  支付；为……付出代价8．off_work  休班9．pick_up  用车接；拾起；捡起；接收；(偶然)学会10．become_ill  生病11．take_exercise  锻炼12．have_a_temperature_  发烧13．get/catch_a_cold  感冒14．have_a_sweet_tooth  喜欢吃甜食15．lose_weight  减肥1.The gold watch is so delicate that I think it is worth ＄5,000 at_least.2．The little boy_is_crazy_about football, which may have a bad influence on his study.3．Please wait in my office for a moment; I am picking_up my parents at the airport.4．Mary gets up early to take_exercise_every morning and she seldom has a cold.5．Now that it has been proved that you_are_connected_with the crime, you can't go home now.6．You have been working continuously for five hours and you had better _lie_down to have a rest.7．I have to begin_with an apology — I said the wrong thing this morning.8．The manager appeals to us to put all our minds into our work. 
 (三)仿写明句式——以用为本教材原句句式解读句式仿写1.When Zhou Kai's mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him anxiously. 周凯的妈妈看到他没有穿夹克衫就往前门走去时，她担心地盯着周凯。see＋宾语＋宾语补足语。经过教室的时候，我看到他正在做作业。When passing by the classroom, I saw_him_doing his homework.2. I'd rather eat a nice piece of fruit. 我宁愿吃一块美味的水果。would rather do sth.“宁愿做某事”。今晚我宁愿待在家里读点书。I would_rather_stay_at_home and do some reading this evening.3.But that's because I was stupid enough to play football in the rain.但那是因为我太傻了，竟然在雨中踢足球。That's because＋从句，意为“那是因为……”。她非常高兴，那是因为她的儿子通过了期末考试。She was very glad. That's_because her son passed the final exam.4.Go to bed now or you'll be really tired tomorrow. 现在上床睡觉吧，否则明天你会很累的。祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句。照医生说的做，否则你的咳嗽会加重。Do_as_the_doctor_says,_or your cough will get worse. 二、课堂重点深化1．fit adj.健康的；强健的；适合的；能胜任的v.适合；使(衣服)合身；使适应；使胜任 n．适合；合身　[自主体验]单句语法填空①Sharing with friends helps me bring back my confidence and fit in with others.②That bottle of milk is not fit to_drink (drink) because it is out of date.③I am going to the tailor's to fit on my new coat.　[系统归纳](1)be fit for　　　　　　　　 适合；胜任be fit (for sb.) to do ...   适合(某人)做……keep/stay fit   保持健康(2)fit sb./sth. (for sth.)   使适合，使胜任(某工作)fit on   试穿fit in with ...   与……相处融洽，合得来；(与某事物)相适应　[辨析比较]　fit, suit, matchfit“适合”，指大小、尺寸、形状等合适，引申为“吻合，协调”suit“适合”，多指衣服颜色、样式适合某人，还可指合乎需要、口味、地位、条件等。另外，用于比喻意义时多用suitmatch“和……匹配，适合”，多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配 　[重点强化]易错对对碰(fit/suit/match)④I want to take this jacket because it fits me well and matches my trousers, though the style doesn't suit me.佳句时时写⑤她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。She and her family cycle to work, which_helps_them_keep_fit.2．anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的；渴望的　[自主体验]单句语法填空①She was anxious to_finish (finish) school and get a job.②For lack of self­confidence, Jack still can't help being anxious about/for his job interview.　[系统归纳](1)be/become anxious for/about sth. 为某事担心/担忧be anxious (for sb.) to do sth. 渴望/急于(让某人)做某事(2)anxiety n.   焦虑；担心；渴望with anxiety ＝ anxiously   焦虑地；不安地　[重点强化]佳句时时写(句型转换)③Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn't fit. →She took the dress out of the package and tried it on with_anxiety,_only to find it didn't fit.be anxious for/to do ...表示“渴望做某事”，表达此含义的短语还有long for, be greedy for, be hungry for, be dying for/to do ..., be thirsty for, be keen on/to do ...等。  3．injure vt.伤害；损害　[自主体验]单句语法填空①(2016·天津高考)I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn't been wearing one, I would_have_been_injured (injure)．②Dog's owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury (injure) to other people or cause damage to their property.③A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the injured (injure) to the hospital.　[系统归纳](1)be/get injured　　　　　　　　 　 受伤(2)injured adj.   受伤的；受委屈的the injured   伤者；伤员(3)injury n.   伤害；损伤；受伤处do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb.   伤害某人　[辨析比较]　injure, hurt, woundinjure主要指在偶然事故中受伤。名词是injury，指平时的大小创伤，还可指事故中的伤害hurt可指肉体上的伤害也可指精神上的伤害，还可表示在事故中受伤。hurt本身还可作名词wound指刀伤、枪伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，尤指战场上或打斗中受伤。wound也可作名词，指战斗中因刀或枪而受的创伤、伤口　[重点强化]易错对对碰(injure/hurt/wound)④After being wounded in the fighting, he was injured in an accident.⑤He tried hard not to do anything that might hurt her pride.佳句时时写⑥幸运的是，她伤得不重，我们把她送到最近的医院。Luckily she was_not_badly_injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital.4．pain n．疼痛；痛苦；辛苦；努力　[自主体验]单句语法填空①We must spare no pains to_reach (reach) the standard of excellence.②Do you know how painful (pain) it is to me when I was told the bad news?　[系统归纳](1)have pains/a pain in　　　　 ……部位疼be in pain   在痛苦中；在苦恼中spare no pains to do sth.   不遗余力/全力以赴做某事take pains to do sth.   尽力/费苦心/下苦功做某事No pains, no gains.   不劳无获。(2)painful adj.   疼痛的；痛苦的　[重点强化]佳句时时写(句型转换)③We should do our best to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.→We should spare_no_pains/take_pains_to_improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.1．be connected with与……有联系/关系　[系统归纳](1)connect A with B　　　　　　　 把A和B联系起来connect A to/with B   把A连接到B(2)connection n.  联系；关联；关系have (no) connection with   与……有(无)关系  与……有关　[重点强化]单句语法填空①The little boy likes to ask some questions connected (connect) with space travel.②A good student must connect what he reads with what he sees around him.佳句时时写(一句多译)警方宣布他与这起抢劫案无关。③The police announced he had_no_connection_with the robbery. (connection)④The police announced he was_not_connected_with the robbery. (connected)⑤The police announced he was_not_related_to the robbery. (related)⑥The police announced he had_nothing_to_do_with the robbery. (have something to do with)[名师指津]　表示两者之间有形的连接时，to和with都可以与connect连用；指“与……有联系；与……有关”时，后接with而不接to。2．be crazy about迷恋　[系统归纳]be crazy for　　　　　　　 渴望……be crazy to do sth.   做某事真是疯狂go crazy   发疯like crazy  疯狂地；拼命地drive sb. crazy   逼得某人发疯　[重点强化]单句语法填空①You must be crazy to_try (try) to drive home in such bad weather.②We have to work like_crazy to get it finished on time.佳句时时写③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)至于我，我迷恋篮球，因为它给了我面对生活挑战的力量。As for me, I'm_crazy_about basketball since it has been giving me strength to confront the challenges in my life.④把音乐关小，它快把我逼疯了。Turn the music down; it's_driving_me_crazy.3．see＋宾语＋宾语补足语　[教材原句]　When Zhou Kai's mother saw_him_heading towards the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him anxiously.　[自主体验]①It was at that point that I saw him leave (leave) the building.②From the window I saw him repairing (repair) his car in the court.③If you watch long enough, you will see many problems settled (settle) in this way.　[归纳点拨]用法规则(1)see sb. do sth.“看见某人做了某事”，强调动作的全过程。(2)see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。(3)see sth. done“看见某事被做/完成”，强调动作的被动和完成。注意事项(1)在变为被动语态时，see sb. do sth.应改为sb. be seen to do sth.。(2)能接不带to的动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的感官动词还有：feel, hear, observe, notice, watch等。 　[佳句背诵]①(精彩开头句)He was seen to leave a few minutes ago.②(增分要点句)(2017·浙江高考写作)They didn't think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road.4. 祈使句＋or＋陈述句　[教材原句]　Go_to_bed_now_or you'll be really tired tomorrow.　[自主体验]①Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.②Work harder or/or_else/otherwise you won't pass the exam.　[归纳点拨]用法规则(1)“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。(2)“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if＋否定条件状语从句＋主句”。注意事项“名词词组＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more, another等词，例如：More fine food, and you'll be healthier and healthier. 　[佳句背诵]①(精彩开头句)Listen to the teacher carefully, or you'll miss what he says.②(增分要点句)Lend her a hand, and she will be grateful to you. 本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自我”中的“健康的生活方式”子话题相对应一、话题语素积累多一点话题词汇记一记子话题(一)　饮食温故浅易词汇①snack　②dessert　③menu④fruit  ⑤vegetable  ⑥juice⑦tasty  ⑧salt识记生疏词汇①appetite n．食欲；胃口②nutrition n．营养③vitamin n．维生素  ④protein n．蛋白质⑤mineral n．矿物质  ⑥recipe n．烹饪法；食谱⑦cuisine n．饭菜；菜肴  ⑧delicious adj.美味的；可口的 子话题(二)　健康温故浅易词汇①energy　　②benefit　　③disease　　④examine⑤recover  ⑥comfort  ⑦regular  ⑧fat⑨harmful  ⑩energetic  ⑪health  ⑫relax识记生疏词汇①obesity n．肥胖　②swallow vi.吞下；咽下③appropriate adj.合适的  ④metabolism n．新陈代谢⑤chew v．咀嚼  ⑥dehydrated adj.脱水的⑦lack vt.缺乏  ⑧digestion n．消化；吸收⑨operation n．手术  ⑩consume vt.消耗 常用词块忆一忆①be in good/poor health　　 身体好/不好②lose weight 减肥   ③put on weight 增重④be rich in 富含   ⑤be high/low in 含……高/低⑥have a good appetite   胃口好⑦to one's taste   合某人的口味⑧go on a diet   节食⑨keep fit   保持健康⑩be worried about   为……担心⑪have a high/slight fever   发高/低烧⑫send for a doctor   派人请医生⑬take one's temperature/blood pressure 量体温/血压⑭cure sb. of   治愈某人……⑮recover from   从……中恢复写作佳句背一背①In my opinion, we should try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body.②People are beginning to attach much more importance to their health these days than ever before.③A balanced diet and regular exercise can help us keep healthy both physically and mentally.二、话题书面表达亮一点假定你叫李华，针对当前中小学生的肥胖趋势，你们班正对肥胖学生是否应该减肥展开讨论。请你用英语写一封电子邮件给你校校报，反映此次讨论的结果。 70%的同学支持30%的同学反对肥胖危害健康，应该节食、加强锻炼以减肥或者预防肥胖。浪费时间和金钱；减肥可能会造成很大的痛苦 。你的观点：…… 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步：句写对——给词写句go on a diet, keep fit, pain, lose weight, be crazy about, put ... into ..., a waste of, be anxious about　　1．最近我们班讨论了肥胖学生是否应该减肥的问题。Recently_our_class_have_discussed_the_problem_whether_overweight_students_should_lose_weight_or_not._2．关于这个问题，观点有分歧。Opinions_on_this_problem_are_divided.3．为了保持身体健康，那些学生应该这样做。In_order_to_keep_fit,_those_students_should_do_so.4．他们应该有健康的生活方式。They_should_have_a_healthy_lifestyle.5．有必要节食或投入更多的时间锻炼。It's_necessary_to_go_on_a_diet_or_put_more_time_into_taking_exercise.6．我们不应该热衷于减肥。We_shouldn't_be_crazy_about_losing_weight.7．这是浪费时间和金钱。It_is_a_waste_of_time_and_money.8．减肥可能导致很大的痛苦。Losing_weight_may_cause_great_pain.9．没有必要担心我们的体重，只要我们很少生病。There_is_no_need_to_be_anxious_about_our_weight_as_long_as_we_rarely_become_ill.第二步：量写够——语句扩充10．在第3句前加上“70%的学生持有这样的观点”。70%_of_the_students_hold_the_opinion_that_in_order_to_keep_fit,_those_students_should_do_so.11．在第6句前加上“30%的学生认为”。30%_of_the_students_think_we_shouldn't_be_crazy_about_losing_weight.第三步：语写美——词句升格用because引导表语从句改写第7句。That's_because_it_is_a_waste_of_time_and_money.第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文根据语句间的逻辑关系，用so， however， besides， in my opinion等衔接词连句成文。Dear_Editor,_Recently_our_class_have_discussed_the_problem_whether_overweight_students_should_lose_weight_or_not._Opinions_on_this_problem_are_divided.70%_of_the_students_hold_the_opinion_that_in_order_to_keep_fit,_those_students_should_do_so._They_should_have_a_healthy_lifestyle,_so_it's_necessary_to_go_on_a_diet_or_put_more_time_into_taking_exercise._However,_30%_of_the_students_think_we_shouldn't_be_crazy_about_losing_weight._That's_because_it_is_a_waste_of_time_and_money._Besides,_losing_weight_may_cause_great_pain._In_my_opinion,_there_is_no_need_to_be_anxious_about_our_weight_as_long_as_we_rarely_become_ill._Yours，Li_HuaⅠ.单词拼写1．We should eat a balanced diet (饮食) and do exercise regularly to stay healthy.2．He always keeps the appointment with her in mind so that he_heads (朝……方向前进) straight for the coffee shop after work.3．“Time is money” is a proverb (谚语) which was often told to us when we were young.4．To my relief, my father's condition is normal (正常的) after physical examination.5．In order to keep fit (健康的), Jack always avoids eating junk food.6．The little boy was eyeing/eying (注视) the toys in the shop when I found him.7．To be honest, the lifestyle (生活方式) of the old is different from that of the young.8．I am overweight (超重的) and my doctor advises me to do some sports every day.Ⅱ.语境语法填空1．Good health is connected ❶with healthy diet and regular exercise. But nowadays some students like eating junk food, and are crazy about ❷_playing(play) computer games. What's worse, they ❸rarely (rare) take exercise. As a result, they become overweight and ❹unhealthy (health)．2．We often see Tom ❶playing (play) football on the playground on Sundays. Last Sunday, while playing football, he suddenly fell down to the ground, looking ❷in great pain. After a while, he told us that he ❸was_injured (injure) in the leg but nothing was very serious. But we were anxious ❹about the ❺_injury (injure) and sent him to hospital.3．John dreams of becoming ❶wealthy (wealth) overnight. He doesn't take pains ❷to_do (do) anything every day. So he isn't fit ❸for the job.Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子1．老首相可是个聪明诚实的人，比谁都称职。(fit)The old prime minister was a wise, honest man who was_more_fit_for_his_office/job_than anyone else.2．你要努力学习，否则就会落后。(祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句)Work_hard_or you will fall behind.3．他担心在国外旅行的家人。(anxious)He was_anxious_about his family，who were travelling abroad.4．透过窗子，我看到她正在院子里浇花。(see sb. doing sth.)From the window, I saw_her_watering_the_flowers in the court.Ⅳ.短文填空(Ⅰ)根据提示填空According to a new study, a lot of kids don't drink enough water. Erica Kenney, a scientist at Harvard's T．H. Chan School of Public Health, planned to ❶look_into (调查)the amount of sugary drinks kids drank at first. However, she found many kids had not enough water ❷to_drink (drink)．Kenney and her team studied a group of 4,000 children, ❸aged (age) 6 to 19, between the years 2015 and 2018. She noticed that more than half of the kids were dehydrated. Boys were 76% more likely than girls ❹to_lack (lack) enough water. Nearly one quarter of the kids reported having no plain water.“These findings are important because they show a potential health problem that has not been given a lot of attention ❺in_the_past (在过去)，” said Erica Kenney.60% of the human body ❻is_made_up_of (由……组成)water. It controls the body temperature, sends oxygen all over the body, ❼helps (help) digestion, and performs various other tasks that keep our bodies healthy.Not drinking enough water can ❽lead_to (导致)health problems. Your body needs more water when you are in hot climates, when you ❾take_part_in (参加)physical exercise, and if you ❿have_a_fever (发烧)．(Ⅱ)片段选词填空be based on， be full of， break down， drop off， have nothing to do with， instead of， lose weight， take some exercise，Where did the myth come from?People seem to believe that there's something magical about grapefruit — that, in some way, it helps burn fat. But this is just scientifically rubbish. It's probably ❶based_on_the fact that, years ago, grapefruit juice was used by housewives for cleaning fat stains (污点). While it might be good at ❷breaking_down fat stains, it doesn't work like that once it's in the body. Others believe that it increases metabolism and helps burn fat. Again, no facts show that this is true.What's the truth?The American Dietetic Association has shown that this “long­held myth is wishful thinking” and that grapefruit doesn't help people ❸lose_weight or burn fat.Of course, if you're only going to have half a grapefruit for breakfast ❹instead_of_several kinds of fatty foods, then you're going to lose weight. However, it ❺has_nothing_to_do_with grapefruit. It's just that you're having light meals.So is there no hope?The only way to lose weight is to watch what you eat and ❻take_some_exercise. Grapefruit ❼is_full_of_vitamins that the body needs, so it's a good food to include in your meals. But it's not going to make the pounds ❽drop_off magically. 一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空1．(2018·北京高考)By mile 17, I became out of breath (breathe) and the once injured ankle hurt badly.2．(2016·江苏高考)Many young people, most of whom were well­educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.3．(2016·四川高考)Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin (褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety (anxious)．4．(2015·安徽高考)Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.5．(2014·福建高考)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely (rare), if ever, reaching 30℃ in summer.6．(2014·江苏高考)However wealthy (wealth) we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want.7．(2013·山东高考)Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy (health) state.8．(2013·辽宁高考)The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空(选用anxious, diet, normal, painful填空)1．(2017·北京高考完形填空)For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the efforts of young people to change the world. But through all this, Hannah still has the  __54__ life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits to homeless people._normal2．(2017·天津高考完形填空)At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds. I had a very poor relationship with food: I used it to kill bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate. Worried about my health, I tried many different kinds of __17__ but nothing worked. I came to believe that I could do nothing about my weight.diets3．(2015·重庆高考完形填空)In the following days, the owner still couldn't be contacted. Alice paid the vet to continue treatment. I grew __22__： What if the family had simply left the cat behind？anxious4．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team. They did very well this season and so entered a tournament, which normally was only for more skilled club teams. This led to some __46__ experiences on Saturday as they played against teams better trained.painful二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度新高考下的命题新视角：随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，合理饮食、健康生活逐渐成为社会关注的焦点，国家更加重视食品安全及对健康生活的倡导。顺应时代潮流，“饮食与健康”类话题成为高考命题的热点话题之一，建议考生多多关注健康饮食的相关材料。[话题感悟]学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)[1]We talk about food in the negative: What we shouldn't eat, what we'll regret later, what's evil, dangerously tempting and unhealthy.[2]The effects are more harmful than any overindulgent (放纵的) amount of “bad food” can ever be. By getting anxious about food, we turn occasion for comfort and joy into sources of fear and anxiety. And when we avoid certain foods, we usually compensate by consuming too much of others.[3]All of this happens under the cover of science. But a closer look at the research behind our food fears shows that many of our most demonized (妖魔化的) foods are actually fine for us. Taken to extremes, of course, dietary choices can be harmful — but that logic cuts both ways.[4]Consider salt. It's true that, if people with high blood pressure consume a lot of salt, it can lead to cardiovascular events like heart attacks. It's also true that salt is overused in processed foods. But the average American consumes just over three grams of sodium (钠) per day, which is actually in_the_sweet_spot for health. Eating too little salt may be just as dangerous as eating too much. This is especially true for the majority of people who don't have high blood pressure. Regardless, experts continue to push for lower recommendations.[5]Nevertheless, we've become more and more influenced by arguments that we must avoid certain foods completely. When one panic­causing item fades, we find another focus for our fears. We demonized fats. Then cholesterol. Then meat.[6]Is it a problem that people want to avoid foods? The answer is: yes, because it makes food scary. Food should be a cause for pleasure, not panic. For most people, it's entirely possible to eat more healthfully without living in terror or struggling to avoid certain foods altogether. If there's one thing you should cut from your diet, it's fear.语篇解读：本文主要讲述的是对食物的一些错误的恐惧认识，提倡快乐饮食、健康饮食。1．What might be the result of avoiding certain foods, according to the author?A．Becoming healthy.B．Overeating other foods.C．Regretting later.D．Enjoying comfort and joy.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“And when we avoid certain foods, we usually compensate by consuming too much of others.”可知，人们在避免某些食物时，会食用过量其他食物来进行补充，故选B。2．What does the underlined phrase “in the sweet spot” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A．Suitable.　　　　　　　　 B．Unclear.C．Too much. D．Too little.解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第四段第四句的“But”转折，并与前两句形成对比可知，实际上普通美国人每天食用三克多一点儿的钠对健康是有利的，由此可推知，画线短语的意思是“合适的”，故选A。3．By listing one food after another to fear, the author means that ________.A．people are eating unhealthy foodB．the environment is unsafeC．there's no point avoiding certain foodsD．people should be careful about food解析：选C　推理判断题。根据对最后一段的整体理解可推知，作者罗列出人们所恐惧的食物的目的是提醒人们避免某些食物是不必要的，只要适量食用，对身体健康是没有坏处的，毕竟人们总是要吃饭的，吃饭是一种快乐而不是恐惧，故选C。4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．Treating Food NegativelyB．Avoiding Food SkillfullyC．Consuming Salt Without CautionD．Eating Food Without Fear解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据第一段内容，并结合最后一段的点题可推知，本文主要讲述的是对食物的一些错误的恐惧认识，提倡快乐饮食、健康饮食，故选D。学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透主旨大意技法(2)——破解归纳标题的四大切入点①标题形式：单词、短语或句子。②标题特点：一个好的标题一般具有概括性、针对性和简洁性三个突出特点。③选择方法：在了解文章大意的基础上，仔细考虑内容与文章主题是否有密切联系；看选项内容对文章的概括性和覆盖面如何；要注意题目范围过大或过小。④设错方式：概括不够；过度概括；以事实细节替代概括性强的大意(如上文第4题A、C项)；无中生有，生搬硬套(如上文第4题B项)。  AScreen time before bedtime may leave people feeling sleepy in the morning.Cell phones, computers and TVs emit (发出) blue light.And exposure to that bluish light during the two hours before bed can keep us from getting a good night's rest, a new study finds.It cuts down on the length of people's sleep.It also leaves them feeling tired in the morning and can disrupt the body clock.Data shows that this blue light tends to make us more alert at night, making it harder to get all the rest we need.Green and his team surveyed 19 people — all in their 20s — for a sleep study.All spent two hours on a computer right before bedtime.But they didn't all experience the same light exposure.Looking at screens that gave off intense blue light cut someone's sleep by about 16 minutes, compared to when they had used screens with red light.Those exposed to blue light also woke up more often at night than if they had been exposed to red light.“The normal blue light emissions from the computer screen also affect how much melatonin (褪黑素) each volunteer makes.It is released into our blood around 9 p．m. When our bodies make less melatonin, we may still feel too alert at bedtime to fall asleep when the body is tired.And body temperature won't drop as expected after we use devices emitting lots of blue light.Using screens before bed damages the body's biological clock，” Green says.“More and more kids are using screens nowadays.Sleep is important, especially during the first few years of life when ‘neural plasticity’ (神经可塑性) is at its greatest.Their brains are still developing the ability to learn and pay attention.That makes the new results worrisome，” Green says.Rahman says that the new work makes a good point about how blue light from screens can be bad for our bodies.However, he points out, the light in this study is extremely bright.It is far brighter than what a normal computer, tablet or TV will emit.Still, Rahman says the results remind us to think about how we should use screens before bed.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了屏幕发出的强烈蓝光对人们睡眠的影响。1．The blue light from the screens may cause people to ________.A．tend to work at nightB．get attentive in the morningC．be less sleepy before bed timeD．be affected less by the body clock解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Data shows that this blue light tends to make us more alert at night, making it harder to get all the rest we need.”可知，夜晚在屏幕的蓝光下会让人们更清醒。2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A．People's concern about light exposure.B．A study on blue light's effects on sleep.C．Reasons for blue light's effects on sleep.D．Effects of various types of light on sleep.解析：选B　段落大意题。第二段介绍了Green小组关于蓝光对睡眠的影响的研究。3．What can be implied from Green's remarks?A．Melatonin may affect people's neural plasticity.B．Blue light may affect children's brain development.C．Exposure to normal screen has little impact on sleep.D．The low temperature of body helps produce melatonin.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“More and more kids are using screens ...developing the ability to learn and pay attention.”可知，蓝光可能会影响孩子大脑的发育。4．What's Rahman's possible attitude towards the Green's study?A．Uncaring.　　　　　　　 B．Approving.C．Objective. D．Critical.解析：选C　观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“Rahman says that the new work makes a good point about how blue light from screens can be bad for our bodies.”可知Rahman对Green的研究持客观的态度。BIn our twenties, we find it funny when we can't remember our neighbor's cat's name or that handsome actor who starred in that movie — whatever it was called.In our thirties, we jokingly call it “brain freeze”．In our forties, we laugh it off as a “senior moment” and follow up with one of these old­age jokes.But the reality is that there comes a point when being forgetful stops being funny and starts to seem a bit dreadful.You think, “Am I losing it？” Or worse, “Is this a sign of Alzheimer's disease (老年痴呆症)？”Well, don't worry: the fact that you recognize your own forgetfulness may be a very good sign, at least in terms of the possibility of your developing Alzheimer's disease.A new study shows that it's not forgetfulness but not being aware that we're forgetful that we should fear.The researchers began with the assumption that one common feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a damaged awareness of illness.And they wanted to prove their theory that the lack of awareness can be used to predict whether someone with “mild cognitive (认知的) damage” will progress to full­on AD.For the study, “mild cognitive damage” was defined as someone whose mental state was considered healthy but who had either complained of memory loss or had suffered objective memory loss.The researchers used existing data for 1,062 people between the ages of 55 and 90 that had been recorded over a 12­year period.The data included brain scans, which the researchers used to look for visual signs of reduced glucose uptake (葡萄糖摄入)．It is an objective marker of the sort of reduced brain function that goes along with AD.As expected, glucose uptake was reduced in those with AD.What the researchers also discovered was that glucose uptake was reduced in those with mild cognitive damage who also showed evidence of reduced illness awareness.Finally, the researchers found that those who had reduced illness awareness were more likely to develop AD than those without.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，如果一个人能够意识到自己有些健忘，那这个人可能不会患老年痴呆症。5．What's implied in Paragraph 1?A．Forgetting something is really embarrassing.B．Sometimes even young people can be forgetful.C．It's a bad sign when a young man forgets something.D．Young people also show signs of Alzheimer's disease.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段的“we find it funny when we can't remember our neighbor's cat's name ... we jokingly call it ‘brain freeze’”可知年轻人有时也会健忘。6．What does the underlined word “dreadful” in Paragraph 1 mean?A．Confusing. B．Amazing.C．Frightening. D．Disappointing.解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第一段画线词后面的“You think, ‘Am I losing it？’ Or worse, ‘Is this a sign of Alzheimer's disease (老年痴呆症)？’”可知这种情况会“令人害怕”。7．What's the researchers' purpose of doing this study?A．To test a theory they held.B．To find a cure to Alzheimer's disease.C．To confirm something they had discovered.D．To find a way to predict Alzheimer's disease.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段的“wanted to prove their theory that the lack of awareness can be used to predict  ...”可知是为了测试他们持有的一个理论是否正确。8．Which of the following can be a sign of developing Alzheimer's disease?A．Having higher intake of glucose.B．Realizing one's own forgetfulness.C．Reduced ability to take in glucose.D．Expected increase in brain function.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“What the researchers also discovered was that ... were more likely to develop AD than those without.”可知葡萄糖摄取能力下降可能是患老年痴呆的一个信号之一。