2021高考英语一轮统考复习第二编语法突破专题十三构词法学案含解析北师大版
展开专题十三 构词法
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，62)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ________ (poor) studied.
答案：poorly 修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ，68)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
答案：strengthen 在不定式符号to后面用动词原形。
3．(2018·浙江高考，62)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ________ (afford) but doing this most days adds up.
答案：affordable be动词后应接形容词。affordable “付得起的”。
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ，43)And, even if I weren't ________ (excite) enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.
答案：excited 系动词后面应用形容词，此处修饰人，故填excited。
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，55)________ (fortunate), after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.
答案：Fortunately 副词作状语修饰整个句子，故用Fortunately。
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，59)I still can't believe what a ________ (coincident) it was.
答案：coincidence 不定冠词a后面应接名词，故填coincidence。
7．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，48)In her ________ (excited), she didn't seem to realize that she was sharing the baby's photos with a complete stranger.
答案：excitement her后应接名词，故填excitement。
8．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，69)However, be ________ (care) not to go to extremes.
答案：careful 名词加后缀ful变成形容词，作表语或定语。此句用于be careful (not) to do sth.结构。
9．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，70)It is ________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
答案：certainly 此处应用副词修饰形容词fun, certain加后缀ly构成其副词形式。
10．(2017·江苏高考，29，改编)Only five years after Steve Jobs' death, smartphones defeated ________ (convention) PCs in sales.
答案：conventional 此处应用形容词修饰名词PCs。名词后加后缀al变成形容词，故填conventional。
常用的英语构词法
一 名词加后缀构成形容词
二 动词加后缀构成形容词
三 动词加后缀构成名词
四 名词加后缀构成相应意义的抽象名词
五 形容词加后缀构成副词
ly | actually 实际上；事实上 entirely 完全地；全然地；整个地 exactly 确实如此；恰好；确切地 frequently 常常；频繁地 gradually 逐渐地；逐步地 personally 就个人而言；亲自地 selflessly 无私地；忘我地 sincerely真诚地；真挚地 unfortunately不幸地 |
六 形容词加后缀构成名词
ness | brightness 明亮；亮度；聪颖 darkness 黑暗；漆黑 fitness 健康 happiness 幸福；快乐 illness 疾病 kindness 仁慈；好意 sadness 悲哀；悲伤 seasickness 晕船 sickness 疾病；恶心 |
七 形容词加后缀构成动词(一)
八 形容词加前缀构成动词(二)
en前缀，表示“使得……，使 成为……” | enlarge 扩大 enable 使能够 enrich 使富裕；充实；改善 |
九 常见的表示特定含义的前缀
十 表示“人”的名词后缀
十一 常用的否定前缀
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·南昌市重点中学高三年级段考试题)________ (consequent), power walking, in addition to a healthy diet, helps manage your weight.
答案：Consequently 分析句子成分可知，设空处放在句首，修饰整个句子，作状语，应用其副词形式。
2．Speech is the fastest method of ________ (communicate) between people.
答案：communication 介词of之后要用名词形式communication作宾语。
3．(2019·四川省成都外国语学校学期初考试)A new habit is not about performance; it's about ________ (consistent) taking action.
答案：consistently 修饰后面的动词短语taking action，使用副词作状语，故填consistently。
4．Chinese scientists ________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.
答案：recently 修饰谓语动词应用副词形式。形容词recent＋ly构成副词。
5．The college years are supposed to be a time for important ________ (grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.
答案：growth 前面有形容词important修饰，此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列关系。
6．She went through a period of emotional ________ (adjust) after her marriage broke up.
答案：adjustment 空格前有形容词emotional修饰，故应填名词。
7．As a volunteer of environmental protection, I am writing to raise your ________ (aware) of protecting the environment.
答案：awareness 在形容词性物主代词your后面，用名词形式。句意：作为环保志愿者，我书面倡议大家提高环保意识。
8．(2019·四川省眉山一中办学共同体月考)Travelers can see these ________ (amaze) natural structures from the air or underwater.
答案：amazing 应用形容词修饰后面的natural structures，作定语，指令人惊叹的自然风景。amazing “令人惊叹的”。
9．(2019·山东省烟台一中高三质量检测)It's a chance for you to learn more about traditional Chinese culture. I am sure it will ________ (broad) your horizons.
答案：broaden 句意：这是一个让你更多地学习中国传统文化的机会。我确信它会扩大你的视野。根据空格前面的will可知，后面应该使用动词，而broad是一个形容词，故填broaden。
10．(2019·深圳耀华实验学校高三第一次月考)Life is just a blank cloth—you can paint a beautiful scene, or you can paint black ghosts (鬼) and ________ (danger) people.
答案：dangerous 修饰后面的名词people，使用形容词作定语，指“危险的人们”，故填dangerous。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．In the laboratory, chimps don't naturally share food either. Human children, on the other hand are extremely cooperate.
______________________________________________________________
答案：cooperate→cooperative 此处用形容词作表语。由派生构词法可知，v.＋ive构成形容词。
2．The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.
______________________________________________________________
答案：taste→tasty 形容词small, juicy和句子最后一个词为并列表语，故句末的词应改为其形容词形式。由派生构词法可知，v.＋y构成形容词。
3．Let's make joint efforts to create a green and harmony environment. Your cooperation would be much appreciated.
______________________________________________________________
答案：harmony→harmonious 修饰后面的名词environment，用形容词形式。
4．Now let's express our thanks to Hayden for his great contribute to us and our school.
______________________________________________________________
答案：contribute→contribution 在形容词性物主代词his后面，用名词形式。
5．Although he could understand few words, he was still amazing to see the colorful costumes and the unique way of performing.
______________________________________________________________
答案：amazing→amazed 说明人的感受，用amazed。
