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北京市人大附中2020届高三寒假自主学习综合练习英语试题
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高三寒假自主学习综合练习
英语试题
本试卷共 10 页。满分 120 分。考试时间 100 分钟。将答案填涂、书写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）
第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Angelina was born in LA in 1976. She loved movies and started acting classes ___1___ (follow) her dream of movie stardom. Her movie career took ___2___ in 1997 and within a few years she won an Oscar. Angelina didn’t limit her career to acting. She became involved in humanitarian work while ___3___ (film) in Cambodia. She is now a UN Goodwill Ambassador, visiting refugee camps in poor countries. She donates large sums of money to help the plight of underprivileged people. She has___4___ (effect) used her stardom to highlight world problems.
【答案】1. to follow
2. off 3. filming
4. effectively
【解析】
本段文章是说明文， 介绍了电影明星Angelina的有关情况。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她热爱电影，并开始上表演课，追逐她成为电影明星的梦想。根据句意，此处用不定式作状语, 表示目的，意思为“为了”。故填to follow。
【2题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：她的电影生涯在1997年开始腾飞，几年后她就赢得了奥斯卡奖。短语 take off意思为“（飞机）起飞， 脱下，（事业等）突飞猛进，开始腾飞”。故填off。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意： 她在柬埔寨拍摄时参与了人道主义工作。分析句子结构， 此处是状语从句的省略形式；句子主语she和film之间为逻辑上的主动关系，因此用现在分词形式。故填filming。
【4题详解】
考查副词。句意：她有效地利用她的明星身份来突出世界问题。修饰谓语动词used，应用副词。故填effectively。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Vlogging _____5_____(take) China by storm over the past year as more young Chinese people have become inspired to grab a camera and tell the details of their day on Weibo, or WeChat Moments. The most important thing about vlogging is to tell a good story. Another key aspect of vlogs is that the content___6___(base) on everyday life, according to Ouyang Nana, a young Chinese musician. Studying in the US, she documents the life of a college student. Ordinary as the vlogs are, as many as 15 million fans share her wows___7___ a daily basis.
【答案】5. has taken
6. is based
7. on
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。在过去的一年里，中国掀起了视频博客的风暴，越来越多的中国年轻人利用视频博客分享他们的每一天。
【5题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的一年里，视频博客在中国掀起了一场风暴，越来越多的中国年轻人受到启发，拿起相机，在微博或微信时刻上讲述他们一天中的细节。时间状语over the past year意思为“在过去的一年里”，常和现在完成时连用；take是不规则变化动词，过去分词为taken。故填has taken。
【6题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：据一位年轻中国音乐家欧阳娜娜说，视频博客的另一个关键方面是内容基于日常生活。短语be based on “以……为基础”；全文叙述的是现在的情况，是一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is based。
【7题详解】
考查固定短语。句意： 虽然视频博客很普通，但每天有多达1500万粉丝分享她的惊喜。短语on a daily basis 意思为“每天”。故填on。
【点睛】与现在完成时连用的时间状语
现在完成时表示“已经完成动作”，常与下面的时间状语连用。
1.表示不确定的过去时间的时间状语
这类时间状语有：just，already，yet，lately，recently 等。
Have you read this story book yet？ 你还没有看完这本书吗？
A ban on the importation of drugs had been issued recently. 最近颁布了一条关于禁止运输毒品的禁令。
2.表示频度的时间状语
这类时间状语有：ever，never，often，always，several times等
They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村子几次。
3.表示一段时间的时间状语
这类时间状语有：these few days， for +一段时间，since（自从…）等，so far（到目前为止），up to now（到目前为止）， over/ in /during the past/last + 时间段（在过去的几年/月/十年里），in recent years(近年来)等。
I have taught here since 1985. 我从1985年以来就在这里教书。
So far we have known each other for eight years。到目前为止我们认识有8年了。
如本题第1小题，时间状语over the past year意思为“在过去的一年里”，常与现在完成时连用，因此应填has taken。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Although it might not always feel like it, life is ridiculously short. It probably wouldn’t mean much or be worth much if it lasted forever. ____8____ it’s so short, with the limited time that you have, I recommend creating something worthwhile, and if you dare, ___9___ amazing. Think of your life as a major project, with a deadline. Every day, every week, month and year, you get the opportunity to ____10____ work on improving it piece by piece or sit back and watch it corrode away. That’s life. At some point, you have to be improving just to stay where you are.
【答案】8. Because/As/Since
9. something
10. either
【解析】
本段文章是议论文，论述了因为生命是短暂的，所以要创造要一些有价值的东西。
【8题详解】
考查从属连词。句意：因为它太短暂了，在你有限的时间里，我建议你创造一些有价值的东西。根据句意，前面一句表示原因“因为生命太短暂”，后一句表示结果。因此用Because/As/Since引导原因状语从句。故填Because/As/Since。
【9题详解】
考查代词。句意：如果你敢的话，（创造）一些令人惊奇的东西。分析句意，根据前一句的“I recommend creating something worthwhile”，此处是省略句，完整句子为“（I recommend creating ）something amazing”。故填something。
【10题详解】
考查并列结构。句意：每一天、每一周、每一个月、每一年，你都有机会要么去一点一点地改进它，要么坐视它被侵蚀。分析句子结构，此处是并列结构either…or，意思为“要么……要么……， 或者……或者……”。故填either。
第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
完型填空（共20小题；
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上涂黑。
When I was about five years old, I used to watch a bird in the skies of southern Alberta from the Blackfoot Blood Reserve in northern Montana where I was born．I loved this bird; I would___11___him for hours．He would___12___effortlessly in that gigantic sky, or he would come down and light on the___13___and float there beautifully．Sometimes when I watched him, he would not make a sound and liked to move___14___into the grasses．We called him meksikatsi, which in the Blackfoot language___15___“pink-colored feet”; meksikatsi and I became very good friends．
The bird had a very particular significance to me___16___I desperately wanted to be able to fly too．I felt very much as if I was the kind of person who had been born into a world where___17___was impossible．And most of the things that I___18___about would not be possible for me but would be possible only for other people．
When I was ten years old, something unexpected___19___my life suddenly．I found myself become an___20___child in a family I was not born into; I found myself in a___21___position that many native Americans find themselves in, living in a city that they do not understand at all, not in another culture but___22___two cultures．
A teacher of the English language told me that meksikatsi was not called meksikatsi, even though that is what___23___people have called that bird for thousands of years．Meksikatsi, he said, was really “duck”．I was very___24___with English．I could not understand it．First of all, the bird did not look like “duck”, and when it made a___25___, it did not sound like “duck”, I was even more___26___when I found out that the meaning of the verb “to duck” came from the bird．
As I___27___to understand English better, I understand that it made a great deal of___28___but I never forgot that meksikatsi made a different kind of meaning．I___29___that languages are not just different words for the same things but totally different___30___, totally different ways of experiencing and looking at the world．
11. A. keep B. watch C. follow D. search
12. A. jump B. dive C. circle D. wander
13. A. nest B. hill C. water D. road
14. A. quickly B. naturally C. freely D. quietly
15. A. means B. reads C. shows D. states
16. A. though B. because C. while D. until
17. A. communication B. imagination C. belief D. flight
18. A. dreamed B. worried C. knew D. argued
19. A. improved B. enriched C. changed D. ruined
20. A. educated B. adopted C. outgoing D. independent
21. A. weak B. comfortable C. terrible D. central
22. A. between B. against C. without D. beyond
23. A. most B. few C. their D. my
24. A. desperate B. bored C. uncomfortable D. disappointed
25. A. noise B. call C. decision D. choice
26. A. ashamed B. confused C. embarrassed D. frightened
27. A. tried B. came C. determined D. expected
28. A. evidence B. distinction C. profit D. sense
29. A. identified B. confirmed C. realized D. predicted
30. A. concepts B. regulations C. messages D. evaluations
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者由meksikatsi,入手，认识到语言不仅仅是用不同的词语描述同一个事物，而且还是用完全不同的观念和方法去感受和看待这个世界。
【小题1】B 考查动词。A．keep保持；B．watch观看；C．follow跟随，按着；D．search搜寻。根据上文I used to watch a bird in the skies可知，我会“看上”几个小时。故选B。
【小题2】C 考查动词辨析。A．jump跳；B．dive潜水；C．circle盘旋；D．wander徘徊。根据常识可知，鸟儿在空中盘旋，故选C。
【小题3】C 考查名词词义辨析。A．nest鸟巢；B．hill小山；C．water水；D．road公路。根据本空后的and float there beautifully可知，鸟有时会点水，在水上漂浮一会儿，故选C。
【小题4】D 考查副词词义辨析。A．quickly迅速地；B．naturally自然地；C．freely自由地；D．quietly安静地。根据本空前的he would not make a sound and liked to move可知，它总是安静地落在草上，故选D。
【小题5】A 考查动词词义辨析。A．means意味着；B．reads阅读；C．shows展示；D．states陈述。根据本空前的meksikatsi,和本空后的“pink-colored feet”，可知此处是解释meksikatsi的含义，故选A。
【小题6】B 考查连词。A．though尽管；B．because因为；C．while然而，在……期间；D．until直到……为止。根据上下文可知，此处是解释这只鸟对“我”有特殊意义的原因：因为我也极度地想要飞。故选B。
【小题7】D 考查名词。A．communication交流；B．imagination想象；C．belief信念；D．flight飞行。上文说我也极度地想要飞，但是现实飞行是不可能的，故选D。
【小题8】A 考查动词。A．dreamed梦想；B．worried担忧；C．knew知道；D．argued辩论。有下文的例子可知，我梦想的东西大多数都不可能实现。故选A。
【小题9】C 考查动词。A．improved提高；B．enriched丰富；C．changed改变；D．ruined毁掉。由文章情景可知，此处是说一些意想不到的事情改变了我的生活。故选C。
【小题10】B 考查形容词。A．educated有教养的；B．adopted被收养的；C．outgoing外向的；D．independent独立的。根据本空后的in a family I was not born into可知，我发现我是一个被收养的孩子。故选B。
【小题11】C 考查形容词。A．weak弱的；B．comfortable舒适的；C．terrible可怕的，糟糕的；D．central中心的。根据本空后的living in a city that they do not understand at all可知，生活在一个完全不了解的城市是糟糕的。故选C。
【小题12】A 考查介词。A．between 两者之间；B．against对着；C．without没有；D．beyond在---之上。根据本空后的two cultures可知，此处时说生活在两种文化之间，故选A。
【小题13】D 考查代词。根据本空前meksikatsi was not called meksikatsi可知，尽管我的文化的人们叫了几千年meksikatsi，但在英语它是鸭子的意思。故选D。
【小题14】D 考查形容词。A．desperate 令人绝望的；B．bored 感到厌烦的；C．uncomfortable不舒适的；D．disappointed感到失望的。根据本空后的I could not understand it．可知，因为我不能理解，所以我对英语感到很失望。故选D。
【小题15】B 考查名词。A．noise噪音；B．call电话；C．decision决定；D．choice选择。根据本空后的sound like，可知，我发音时，它听起来不像duck，故选B。
【小题16】B 考查形容词。A．ashamed害羞的；B．confused困惑的；C．embarrassed尴尬的；D．frightened感到害怕的。根据本空后的the meaning of the verb “to duck” came from the bird．可知，当我发现to duck起源于那只鸟时，我更加困惑了。故选B。
【小题17】B 考查动词。A．tried尝试；B．came来；C．determined 决定；D．expected期盼。根据本空后的I understand that 可知，随着我对英语理解的越来越好。come to do表示“理解，学会”。故选B。
【小题18】D 考查名词。A．evidence证据；B．distinction区别；C．profit利润；D．sense感觉。上下文可知，随着我对英语理解的越来越好，我觉得它很讲得通。故选D。
【小题19】C 考查动词。A．identified鉴定；B．confirmed确认；C．realized意识到；D．predicted预测。根据文章语境可知，我意识到语言不仅仅是用不同的词语描述同一个事物。故选C。
【小题20】A 考查名词。A．concepts概念；B．regulations条例；C．messages信息；D．evaluations评估。根据上下文语境可知，我意识到语言不仅仅是用不同的词语描述同一个事物，还是用完全不同的观念和方法去感受和看待这个世界。故选A。
【学法指导】
1.结合上下文语境，抓关键词。解完型填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要阅读下句或者若干句才能明白。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。37．【小题12】A考查介词。A．between 两者之间；B．against对着；C．without没有；D．beyond在---之上。根据本空后的two cultures可知，此处时说生活在两种文化之间，故选A。
2.状语从句引导词的考查在高考中频繁出现，是高考热点，非常值得注意。31．【小题6】B考查连词。A．though尽管；B．because因为；C．while 尽管，在---期间；D．until直到---为止。根据上下文可知，此处是解释这只鸟对“我”有特殊意义的原因：因为我也极度地想要飞。故选B。
考点：考查夹叙夹议的阅读
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Has anyone noticed how, with the passage of time, one’s relationship with one’s grown-up daughters and sons becomes changed? I’ve been aware of this for some time but I’m not quite sure how to deal with it.
Take the kitchen sink for example.
Following a family get-together at my place, I walked into the kitchen to find Kate, my daughter carefully cleaning the sink.
“Don’t do that; what are you doing that for?” I said, unhappy about the hidden criticism.
“Mum,” she said, “you really ought to put your glasses on when you clean the sink. Behind the tap here was black!”
But it’s not just things like kitchen sinks. Another time Kate arrived to pick me up to lunch. She looked at me and then asked, “Mum, why do you use brown eyebrow pencil when your hair is grey?”
A sudden memory of her, aged 14, going to her first mixed party flooded back. She had come in to say goodbye. For a moment I thought she’d been an accident. Both eyes were black. I remember suggesting that perhaps a little less eye make-up might be more effective.
Now I told her, “My hair used to be brown.”
“It looks absurd.”
“Mrs. Menzies had dark eyebrows with grey hair.”
“Yes, but you’re not Mrs. Menzies, are you?” she said triumphantly, as if that proved her point.
But a recent event made me realize that something really must be done.
She had returned some for a few weeks before getting married. One evening I went out on a dinner date. By the time my companion left me at the front door, it was about 2am. As I stepped in, an angry figure in a white nightgown stopped me.
“Well, what time of night is this to be coming home?” she shouted. “Where have you been? I’ve been worried sick!”
Shades of the past come back to disturb me. But what should I do about all this? Nothing, probably. Maybe, after all, it’s only a stage young people are going through.
31. The daughter thought her mother didn’t clean the kitchen sink well because of her .
A. laziness B. carelessness C. unhappiness D. poor-quality glasses
32. From the passage we know the daughter .
A. didn’t want to help with the sink
B. didn’t like brown eyebrow pencils
C. had an accident when she went to her first party
D. shouted at her mum because she came home late
33. How does the mother feel after all these have happened?
A. Shocked. B. Proud. C. Envious. D. Confused.
34. The author writes the stories to prove that .
A. their relationship became stronger
B. their roles changed as time passed
C. her daughter very much cared about her
D. her daughter got upset as she grew up
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. D 34. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲到随着时间推移，与子女之间代沟越来越大，年老的父母和子女相互缺少理解，与子女间角色的变化使得生活中产生的问题，令人难以适从。并列举了一些生活中作者和女儿相处的事例来说明。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Mum,” she said, “you really ought to put your glasses on when you clean the sink. Behind the tap here was black!”描述,可知这是女儿在婉转的说母亲不够细心,故选B。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第九段“It looks absurd.”可知女儿并不喜欢不喜欢棕色眉笔，认为它看起来很可笑。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段Shades of the past come back to disturb me. But what should I do about all this?可知这位母亲对于处理这些问题很困惑。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段Has anyone noticed how, with the passage of time, one’s relationship with one’s grown-up daughters and sons becomes changed?及下文描述,可知作者主要是想证明随着时间的变化, 孩子从一个被呵护的角色成长为一个与父母平等的角色。父母在家庭中的角色也在发生变化，故选B。
B
AFrom：jovangagic56@memail．com
To：kmallory@LN．org
Subject：Hi!
Dear Mr．Mallory，
I am writing to tell you my deep disappointment for my experience at Lingua Nova English summer school in the first two weeks of July．I had been thoroughly looking forward to learning English and learning about culture in the UK，but I am afraid that my time at your summer school failed to live up to my expectations．
Your brochure states that the student accommodation is situated "in the heart of Edinburgh"．This is misleading as my accommodation was，in fact，situated a good fifty minutes bus ride from the city center in what I can only describe as a less than picturesque part of the suburbs．
In addition，the activity programme did not reflect the fact that we were located in one of Europe's most interesting and historical cities: one evening activity consisted of a walk to a nearby park，another was a trip to a narrow street which was not usually used by cars．Finally，on our one trip into the city center our "guide" readily admitted that she was not from Edinburgh，and had in fact never visited the city before．I had been eagerly expecting a guided tour of Scotland's treasures．In fact，I was left in the city center with no map and told to "check things out" while your employee went shopping in Princes Street．This was a long awaited trip and cost me over two years' hard work and saving．Although I do have positive memories of my trip (my English teachers were knowledgeable and inspiring)，the accommodation and activity programme were wholly unsatisfactory．
I would like to get my money back for the accommodation and would really appreciate a reply within the next two weeks．
Yours sincerely，
Jovan Gagic
35. Jovan wrote the email to __________．
A provide information
B. share experiences
C. express dissatisfaction
D. raise expectations
36. According to Jovan，the guide __________．
A. organized cultural activities
B. failed to perform duties
C. had a good knowledge of the city
D. received punishment for bad behavior
37. What effect does Jovan want his email to have on Mr．Mallory?
A. To make him feel sorry．
B. To cause him worry．
C. To bring him disappointment．
D. To get him into trouble．
【答案】35. C 36. B 37. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇电子邮件。邮件讲的是主人公报名了一个英国的暑期假日学校，但是去了之后发现环境很差，与介绍人描述的丝毫不符，为了向其表达不满，写了这封邮件。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。邮件第一句I am writing to tell you my deep disappointment for my experience at Lingua Nova English summer school in the first two weeks of July.阐述写信是为了表达自己对Lingua Nova英语暑期学校的经历深感失望。与C 选项的叙述相符。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。本题定位到文章的第三段Finally, on our one trip into the city center our "guide" readily admitted that she was not from Edinburgh, and had in fact never visited the city before.（最后，在我们去市中心的一次旅行中，我们的“导游”爽快地承认她不是来自爱丁堡，事实上以前从未去过这个城市。）从下文可知，作者在城市里no map and told to “checking things out”可知，导游不合格，与第二个选项描述相符。故选B。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知，作者想向Mallory 要回住宿费用，并且全文都在说作者在英国的情况与之前介绍不符，所以是想让介绍人感到愧疚。故选A。
【名师点睛】本文小题1、2都属于细节理解题。这一题型可以通过正选法与排除法解题。
正选法即根据所读材料内容从正面选择最佳答案。如果在有些情况下从正面选择答案有困难，考生则可以考虑选用排除法，即排除四个选项中的三个错误选项，那么剩下的选项即为正确答案。排除法是解答阅读理解题的常用方法，对于那些不合情理或荒谬的选项、与短文内容相反的选项、与短文内容不相关的选项、虽在短文中出现但答非所问的选项，以及不是问题的主要因素的选项等，都可以采用排除法。
考生可以遵循如下“三级思考”的方法排除干扰项：(1) 如果干扰项明显与文章相矛盾，即为“误”，可以直接排除。(2) 如果干扰项与文章内容不矛盾，但在原文中没有依据，这种脱离原文的“虚”的选项也可以排除。(3)有些干扰项似乎很有道理，文中也能找到相关的依据，但它并不能完全满足题目的要求，未能以文章的主题、作者的思维模式为出发点，未能充分体现严谨性和最大的合理性，这种虽没错但不是最佳答案的“偏”选项也可以排除。只要考生经过“是否矛盾? (误否) ——是否有依据? (虚否?) ——是否以偏概全 (偏否?)”的逐级思考过程来分析和甄别每一个选项，那么解题的正确率就会得以提高。正确的答案应该是与原文意义一致的选项，或是经过“三级思考”仍不能排除的选项。
C
On March 28th, The New York Times will begin charging all but the most infrequent users to read articles online.
In a letter to readers, Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., the publisher of the paper, laid out the details of the paywall, which he said will go into effect immediately in Canada and on March 28th for the rest of the world. He called the move “an important step that we hope you will see as an investment in The New York Times, one that will strengthen our ability to provide high-quality journalism to readers around the world and on any platform.”
Sulzberger said that readers will be able to read 20 articles per month at no charge. Once they click on the 21st piece, however, they’ll be presented with three payment options: $15 for four weeks of online and mobile application access, $20 for access to the site and the iPad application, or $35 for access to everything. People who already receive the printed paper through home delivery will enjoy free and unlimited access to The New York Times on all platforms.
These details largely agree with earlier reports on how the paywall would work. The New York Times had made it clear that it did not want to imitate the total paywalls put into effect by papers such as The Times of London and Newsday, which block access to all contents unless the reader pays.
The paper also signaled that it wants to stay relevant in the social media world. According to Sulzberger’s announcement, people who come to The New York Times site from Facebook, Twitter or from blogs will be able to read those articles even if they have gone over their monthly limit.
However, Sulzberger said that a limit will be placed on “some search engines”, meaning that after readers have accessed a certain number of articles from search engines, any further articles they access from there will be added to their monthly count. It was reported that the only search engine that will be affected this way is Google, where there will be a five-article limit. This marks a clear attempt by The New York Times to close what could be a giant loophole ( 漏 洞 ), since so much online traffic is directed through Google. But it also presents a risk for the paper for the same reason.
Sulzberger seems well aware of the risk. “The challenge now is to put a price on our work without walling ourselves off from the global network,” he said, adding that The New York Times must “continue to engage with the widest possible audience.”
38. The author’s main purpose in the text is to______ .
A describe research findings B. make advertisements
C. report a piece of news D. suggest a solution
39. Why will The New York Times charge their online readers?
A. It is the only way to offer better service to its readers.
B. It wants to stay relevant in the social media world.
C. It has too many readers coming from the other sites.
D. It is seeking new financial sources for its development.
40. Which group of people cannot read unlimited number of The New York Times articles?
A. Those subscribing to the printed newspapers.
B. Readers clicking through from Facebook.
C. Those using Google research engine.
D. Readers paying $35 a month.
41. What challenge may the paywall bring to The New York Times?
A. It may bring The New York Times more competition with the other media.
B. It may lead to a giant loophole online for The New York Times.
C. It may result in huge drops in papers’ online readership.
D. It may block the readers from the other websites.
【答案】38. C 39. D 40. C 41. C
【解析】
本文是新闻报道。文章报道了《纽约时报》将开始对在线阅读文章收费，介绍了收费的原因、收费的标准以及付费门槛将给《纽约时报》带来的挑战。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“On March 28th, the New York Times will begin charging all but the most infrequent users to read articles online”可知，这篇文章是告诉大家一则消息：《纽约时报》将开始对所有在线阅读文章的用户收费，只有最不经常阅读的用户除外。故选C项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“He called the move ‘an important step that we hope you will see as an investment in the Times, one that will strengthen our ability to provide high-quality journalism to readers around the world and on any platform’(他称这一举措是“一个重要的措施，我们希望你能将其视为对《纽约时报》的投资，这将加强我们为世界各地的读者在任何平台上提供高质量新闻的能力)”可知，《纽约时报》向网上用户收费是为其更好的发展寻求资金来源。故选D项。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“It was reported that the only search engine that will be affected this way is Google, where there will be a five-article limit（ 据报道，唯一会受到这种影响的搜索引擎是谷歌，（在谷歌引擎）将有五篇文章的限制）”可知，使用谷歌搜索引擎的人将被限制阅读《纽约时报》文章的数量。故选C项。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Sulzberger seems well aware of the risk. …adding that The New York Times must ‘continue to engage with the widest possible audience’ （Sulzberger似乎很清楚这种风险。……他还说，《纽约时报》必须继续与尽可能多地读者接触）”可以推断，Sulzberger认为付费门槛给《纽约时报》带来的挑战是可能会导致网上的用户数量下降，因此强调要与尽可能多地读者接触。故选C项。
D
Every time the results of the international PISA test are released, the United States gets another opportunity to whip itself for students’ unsatisfying performance.
PISA is the Program for International Student Assessment, a test administered to students in 79 countries around the world. It allows critics on both sides of the school-reform debate to peer at the results of other nations, compare them to the U.S. outcomes and find examples that appear to confirm their own beliefs about why our 15-year-olds are not at the best in science, math and reading. Those opposed to standardized testing and accountability measures look at Finland’s high scores and point out that in that country, there are no mandatory standardized tests until the end of senior year of high school. Children are encouraged to play more. Their school days are shorter and no one attempts to hold teachers accountable according to a rigid set of rules. The students are given very little homework. The nation’s scores and ranking have slid over the past decade, but it still consistently outshines the U.S.
Meanwhile, fans of more regular testing are likely to hold up Singapore and South Korea as models. Singapore’s curriculum is highly scripted and pretty much the same across the nation — something that the Obama administration hoped to achieve through its Common Core curriculum. Teachers continually prepare students for hard tests and depend heavily on worksheets and drills. South Korean families depend heavily on private tutoring to help their children perform well on high-stakes tests. Students in these two countries also outperform American students on the PISA test.
But if Finland, Singapore and South Korea are all doing better than America, that suggests there may be a factor at play other than how students are taught. And indeed there is something that all three of these nations, and every other country that outranks America on the PISA test, have in common: lower rates of child poverty. “Socio-economically disadvantaged students across OECD countries are almost three times more likely than advantaged students not to attain the baseline level of proficiency (能力) in science,” PISA reported in a 2018 paper.
Though America is by most measures a wealthy country, it is one with many poor people. A 2017 UNICEF report looked at the relative child poverty rates of 41 well-off nations. America ranked seventh from the bottom.
“Because in every country, students at the bottom of the social class distribution perform worse than students higher in that distribution, U.S. average performance appears to be relatively low partly because we have so many more test takers from the bottom of the social class distribution,” A 2013 study by Stanford University researchers concluded.
There’s no getting around it: This is a shameful situation in a developed, wealthy nation. When poverty equates to lower academic performance, people pass that poverty from one generation to the next. Until they are willing to face that problem and take bold measures against it, the nation’s rankings will always be limited.
For various reasons, PISA results aren’t the ultimate measure of how well a nation’s schools are doing. But when it comes to measuring the effects of income inequality, PISA offers a powerful lesson for the United States: If they want a better educated population, they cannot ignore their culpability in allowing so many children to grow up in poverty.
42. We can learn from the passage that PISA is a test______.
A. administered to all the students around the world
B. reflecting students’ ability in science, math and reading
C. causing criticism from the educational authorities in the US
D. held by the United Nations annually for 15-year-old students
43. According to the passage, we can learn that_____ .
A. The US government has taken measures to handle poverty issues.
B. Scores of students from Finland in PISA have improved in recent years
C. The case in Singapore is used as opposition against standardized testing
D. For students in South Korea, the help from teachers in schools is not enough
44. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?
A. The 2013 study by Stanford University researchers.
B. There are many test takers from lower class in the US.
C. The US ranked the seventh among 41 well-off countries.
D. The US average performance is poorer than other countries.
45. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To present different opinions of the school-reform debate in the US.
B. To argue poverty contributes to the low ranking of the US in PISA.
C. To illustrate that the US students performed poorly academically.
D. To compare the education systems in the US and other countries
【答案】42. B 43. D 44. B 45. B
【解析】
本文是议论文。美国在PISA的测试中排名不高。斯坦福大学研究人员得出结论：美国的平均表现相对较低，部分原因是社会阶层分布最底层的考生多。PISA为美国提供了一个教训：如果他们想要一个受过更好教育的人口，他们就不能忽视在贫困中成长的儿童。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“PISA is the Program for International Student Assessment …It allows critics on both sides of the school-reform debate to peer at the results of other nations, compare them to the U.S. outcomes and find examples that appear to confirm their own beliefs about why our 15-year-olds are not at the best in science, math and reading（ PISA是国际学生评估方案，它允许批评者对其他国家的结果进行评价，将它们与美国的结果进行比较，并找到一些例子来证实他们自己的观念“为什么我们的15岁孩子在科学、数学和阅读方面不是最好的”）”可以推断，PISA反映了孩子在科学、数学和阅读方面的能力。故选B项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“South Korean families depend heavily on private tutoring to help their children perform well on high-stakes tests（韩国家庭严重依赖私人辅导，以帮助他们的孩子在高风险考试中表现良好）”可以推断，对于韩国学生来说，在学校通过老师学习是远远不够的。故选D项。
【44题详解】
词句猜测题。第六段中提到“U.S. average performance appears to be relatively low partly because we have so many more test takers from the bottom of the social class distribution（美国的平均表现似乎相对较低，部分原因是很多考生来自于社会阶层的最底层）”。划线词it所在的句意为“除非他们愿意面对这个问题并采取大胆的措施，否则美国的排名将永远是有限的”。因此可以推测，it指代the problem，而the problem指上一句中的“poverty equates to lower academic performance（贫困就等同于学习表现差）”，也指上文中的“we have so many more test takers from the bottom of the social class distribution”。故选B项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。美国在PISA的测试中排名不高。根据文章第六段“U.S. average performance appears to be relatively low partly because we have so many more test takers from the bottom of the social class distribution（美国的平均表现相对较低，部分原因是社会阶层分布最底层的考生多）”和文章最后一段“PISA offers a powerful lesson for the United States: If they want a better educated population, they cannot ignore their culpability in allowing so many children to grow up in poverty （PISA为美国提供了一个教训：如果他们想要一个受过更好教育的人口，他们就不能忽视在贫困中成长的儿童）”可以推断，文章分析了美国在PISA测试中排名不高的原因是因为贫困儿童受教育程度低。故选B项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
This Is Why Dogs Spin Around Before They Poop
Most dog owners have probably been puzzled and possibly impatient waiting for their dog to do its business. Instead of just finding a soft area of grass to go number two, they make a whole ritual out of it, spinning in a circle before finally squatting. Luckily, the ultimate pet owners’ question may finally have been answered.
A few theories have circulated about why dogs might circle before pooping, and most are similar to the reasons they spin before lying down. Trampling around in a circle would flatten the grass around, which would keep tall blades from trapping their waste and hitting their butt while they poop.___46___
But Czech researcher Hynek Burda didn’t quite buy into those theories.___47___ And if they were scanning their environment, keeping still to listen and sniff would be more effective than giving the area a quick once-over. Instead, Burda suggested that dogs spin to get a feel for the Earth’s magnetic pull.
The Earth has a magnetic field around it protecting it from radiation from space, and some animals seem to use it to get a sense of where its North and South poles are.___48___ In 2013, Burda published a study in the journal Frontiers in Zoology suggesting dogs have a strong internal compass, too. He and his team spent two years watching 70 dogs poop and pee and recording which way they faced and how strong the magnetic field was.
As it turns out, when the magnetic field was calm, dogs preferred to poop facing either north or south.___49___ The pattern couldn’t explain why dogs like facing the Earth’s poles, but the researchers think it might help them remember where they marked their territory. “Doing so, and calibrating his magnetic compass, is probably easier for him when being aligned with the magnetic field,” Burda told the Washington Post. ___50___
So before you roll your eyes when your dog takes ages to do his business, remember that pet might just be getting scientific about his potty spot.
A. For instance, it’s how birds know which way to migrate.
B. When the magnetic field was less stable, they faced any direction.
C. And when they’re done, this is why dogs kick up the lawn after they pee.
D. Dogs evolved from wolves, which didn’t need to worry much about tall grass.
E. For more weird dog habits, check out the 12 secrets your dog’s tail is trying to tell you.
F. If they can remember which way they were facing, they might find it easier to find that spot again.
G. Another explanation could be that they’re scanning for snakes and predators before they become completely occupied.
【答案】46. G 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. F
【解析】
本文是说明文。狗在大便前会转圈，这让很多狗的主人感到困惑。本文解释了原因：狗大便前转圈是在感受地球的磁场。当磁场平静时，狗喜欢向北或向南大便。 当磁场不那么稳定时，他们就会面对任何方向大便。而这可能会帮助狗记住在哪里标记了自己的领地。
【46题详解】
该段首句提到“A few theories have circulated…”，该段是关于狗大便前为什么转圈流传的几个解释。其中一个解释是“most are similar to the reasons they spin before lying down”；选项G意思为：另一种解释可能是，它们在完全占据大便的领地之前看看有没有蛇和捕食者。选项G是顺承上文的话题。故选G项。
【47题详解】
选项D意思为： 狗是从狼进化而来的，狼不需要太担心高大的草。设空处后的内容是解释为什么狗不需要转圈，因为狗可以通过听或者嗅的方式。故选D项。
【48题详解】
设空处前一句提到“一些动物似乎用磁场来了解南北极在哪里”。选项A意思为：例如，这就是鸟类知道向什么方向迁徙的方法。选项A是对前一句内容的进一步举例说明。故选A项。
【49题详解】
选项B意思为： 当磁场不那么稳定时，他们就会面向任何方向。根据选项A中“When the magnetic field was less stable”和前一句中“when the magnetic field was calm”可知，这两句是并列句，都是关于同一个话题。故选B项。
【50题详解】
设空处上文提到“but the researchers think it might help them remember where they marked their territory（但研究人员认为，这可能有助于它们记住在哪儿标记了自己领地）”；选项F意思为：如果他们能记住他们面对的方向，他们可能会更容易找到那个地点。选项F是顺承上文的话题。故选F项。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分） 第一节 (15 分)
51.假如你是高三学生李华，你们班外教要求每一位同学开学第一节课用英语向班级同学们汇报各自的寒假生活。请根据以下提示内容写一篇发言稿，内容主要包括：
1. 简要介绍你的寒假生活；
2. 你和家人如何过春节；
3. 展示你的新年决心。注意：词数不少于 50；
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The winter vacation has come to an end. During this period, I have completed the required homework . Additionally, interested in AI , I have learned some online courses about it. In my spare time I went skiing or skating with my cousins to relax ourselves.
A week before the Lunar New Year, I helped my parents prepare for the coming new year by doing some cleaning to our house , cooking food and so on . On the eve of the New Year, all family members got together and enjoyed a delicious family reunion dinner. After that, we children set off fireworks with my families chatting happily, expecting the arrival of the new year.
In the next several days , I paid visits to our friends and relatives.
Just as the saying goes, well begun is half done. My resolution for a new year is easy. I am determined to make full use of my time to improve my academic performance . After all, being admitted to an ideal university is my dream, which I will do my utmost to achieve.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文, 要求写一篇发言稿，汇报寒假生活。
【详解】第一步：
审题: 发言稿 汇报寒假生活
人称：第一人称
时态： 一般过去时、一般现在时
结构：分三部分，第一部分简要介绍你的寒假生活；第二部分你和家人如何过春节；第三部分展示你的新年决心。
要点：
1. 简要介绍你的寒假生活：完成学校要求的作业、学习网络课程、和表兄弟一起滑冰等
2．你和家人如何过春节：帮父母为新年做准备、吃团年饭、除夕守岁、拜亲访友
3．展示你的新年决心：尽自己最大的努力提高成绩，考上理想的大学
第二步：列提纲（重点词汇、短语 ）
winter vacation；come to an end；complete the required homework；be interested in； learn some online courses；go skiing；relax；help；prepare for；do some cleaning；get together；enjoy ；set off fireworks；chat happily；expect；arrival；resolution；be determined to do…；make full use of；improve academic performance；be admitted to
第三步：连词成句
(1) The winter vacation has come to an end.
(2) I have completed the required homework.
(3)I have learned some online courses about it.
(4) I went skiing with my cousins to relax ourselves.
(5) I helped my parents prepare for the coming new year.
(6) All family members got together and enjoyed a delicious family reunion dinner.
(7) We children set off fireworks with my families chatting happily.
(8) We expect the arrival of the new year.
(9) My resolution for a new year is easy.
(10) I am determined to make full use of my time to improve my academic performance .
(11) being admitted to an ideal university is my dream.
根据提示和关键词进行遣词造句,适当地运用句型，注意时态和主谓一致问题。
第四步：连句成篇(衔接词)
表示时间顺序： first of all; to begin/start with , in the beginning
firstly.... secondly .... lastly / finally/in the end
表示并列或补充关系： what is more; besides, moreover, apart from;
in addition, as well as；not only…but(also), meanwhile, in the meantime, some...some…others
表示转折对比关系：but, however, although, though, yet, while
on one hand…on the other hand ...,
表示因果关系：because, as, therefore, as a result, as a consequence, consequently, thus
连句成文，运用恰当的衔接词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使句与句之间逻辑性更强、
段与段之间结构清晰。
【点睛】范文要点全面，结构清晰，层次分明，上下文连贯，在表达时用到了很多高级词汇，如come to an end；be interested in；learn some online courses；relax；prepare for；get together； expect；arrival；resolution；be determined to do…；make full use of；improve academic performance；be admitted to 等；复杂句式的运用提升了文章层次，如形容词作状语interested in AI , I have learned some online courses about it；“with的复合结构”的运用we children set off fireworks with my families chatting happily；俗语的运用Just as the saying goes, well begun is half done；动名词作主语的运用being admitted to an ideal university is my dream；定语从句的运用which I will do my utmost to achieve等。
第二节（20 分）
52.假设你是红星中学高二（1）班学生李华。请你根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，给21世纪英文报写一封稿件，介绍上周你班同学参观北京市规划展览馆（Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall）的全过程。
注意：同数不少于60；
提示如：沙盘 urban planning model 讲解员 docent
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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【答案】Last Friday, our class paid a visit to Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall, which opened our eyes to the continuous physical transformation of the ancient city.
The visit started with a warm welcome from a docent at the entrance, who briefly introduced the main thematic areas. Once inside, we were attracted to an exhibition that gave a vivid account of Beijing’s history. To my excitement, on a huge map I could even find what my local area was like years ago. How incredible to have hutongs transformed into high-rise buildings.
The hall displayed more than just the history of Beijing. In a documentary entitled “Beautiful Beijing”, we learned in amazement how Beijing has become a modern city with giant skyscrapers and new landmarks. Afterwards, following the docent, we came to an urban planning model which displayed a more vibrant Beijing with buildings, transportation and facilities planned for the future.
Before leaving, I left a message on the board, expressing my best wishes to my hometown. Then I headed home with a smile as well as a wonderful picture of Beijing’s future in mind.(182 words)
【解析】
本文书面表达属于看图作文，要求写一封稿件。
第1步：根据提示可知，本篇是要求写一封稿件：假设你是红星中学高二（1）班学生李华。请你根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，给21世纪英文报写一封稿件，介绍上周你班同学参观北京市规划展览馆（Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall）的全过程。
第2步：根据写作要求确定关键词，如：Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall（北京市规划展览馆）； urban planning model沙盘；docent讲解员；To my excitement（使某人兴奋的是）；transformed into（被改造成）；left a message on the board（在留言板上留下信息）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态语态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
本文内容完整，语言规范，符合图画内容，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
英语试题
本试卷共 10 页。满分 120 分。考试时间 100 分钟。将答案填涂、书写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）
第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Angelina was born in LA in 1976. She loved movies and started acting classes ___1___ (follow) her dream of movie stardom. Her movie career took ___2___ in 1997 and within a few years she won an Oscar. Angelina didn’t limit her career to acting. She became involved in humanitarian work while ___3___ (film) in Cambodia. She is now a UN Goodwill Ambassador, visiting refugee camps in poor countries. She donates large sums of money to help the plight of underprivileged people. She has___4___ (effect) used her stardom to highlight world problems.
【答案】1. to follow
2. off 3. filming
4. effectively
【解析】
本段文章是说明文， 介绍了电影明星Angelina的有关情况。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她热爱电影，并开始上表演课，追逐她成为电影明星的梦想。根据句意，此处用不定式作状语, 表示目的，意思为“为了”。故填to follow。
【2题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：她的电影生涯在1997年开始腾飞，几年后她就赢得了奥斯卡奖。短语 take off意思为“（飞机）起飞， 脱下，（事业等）突飞猛进，开始腾飞”。故填off。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意： 她在柬埔寨拍摄时参与了人道主义工作。分析句子结构， 此处是状语从句的省略形式；句子主语she和film之间为逻辑上的主动关系，因此用现在分词形式。故填filming。
【4题详解】
考查副词。句意：她有效地利用她的明星身份来突出世界问题。修饰谓语动词used，应用副词。故填effectively。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Vlogging _____5_____(take) China by storm over the past year as more young Chinese people have become inspired to grab a camera and tell the details of their day on Weibo, or WeChat Moments. The most important thing about vlogging is to tell a good story. Another key aspect of vlogs is that the content___6___(base) on everyday life, according to Ouyang Nana, a young Chinese musician. Studying in the US, she documents the life of a college student. Ordinary as the vlogs are, as many as 15 million fans share her wows___7___ a daily basis.
【答案】5. has taken
6. is based
7. on
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。在过去的一年里，中国掀起了视频博客的风暴，越来越多的中国年轻人利用视频博客分享他们的每一天。
【5题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的一年里，视频博客在中国掀起了一场风暴，越来越多的中国年轻人受到启发，拿起相机，在微博或微信时刻上讲述他们一天中的细节。时间状语over the past year意思为“在过去的一年里”，常和现在完成时连用；take是不规则变化动词，过去分词为taken。故填has taken。
【6题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：据一位年轻中国音乐家欧阳娜娜说，视频博客的另一个关键方面是内容基于日常生活。短语be based on “以……为基础”；全文叙述的是现在的情况，是一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is based。
【7题详解】
考查固定短语。句意： 虽然视频博客很普通，但每天有多达1500万粉丝分享她的惊喜。短语on a daily basis 意思为“每天”。故填on。
【点睛】与现在完成时连用的时间状语
现在完成时表示“已经完成动作”，常与下面的时间状语连用。
1.表示不确定的过去时间的时间状语
这类时间状语有：just，already，yet，lately，recently 等。
Have you read this story book yet？ 你还没有看完这本书吗？
A ban on the importation of drugs had been issued recently. 最近颁布了一条关于禁止运输毒品的禁令。
2.表示频度的时间状语
这类时间状语有：ever，never，often，always，several times等
They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村子几次。
3.表示一段时间的时间状语
这类时间状语有：these few days， for +一段时间，since（自从…）等，so far（到目前为止），up to now（到目前为止）， over/ in /during the past/last + 时间段（在过去的几年/月/十年里），in recent years(近年来)等。
I have taught here since 1985. 我从1985年以来就在这里教书。
So far we have known each other for eight years。到目前为止我们认识有8年了。
如本题第1小题，时间状语over the past year意思为“在过去的一年里”，常与现在完成时连用，因此应填has taken。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Although it might not always feel like it, life is ridiculously short. It probably wouldn’t mean much or be worth much if it lasted forever. ____8____ it’s so short, with the limited time that you have, I recommend creating something worthwhile, and if you dare, ___9___ amazing. Think of your life as a major project, with a deadline. Every day, every week, month and year, you get the opportunity to ____10____ work on improving it piece by piece or sit back and watch it corrode away. That’s life. At some point, you have to be improving just to stay where you are.
【答案】8. Because/As/Since
9. something
10. either
【解析】
本段文章是议论文，论述了因为生命是短暂的，所以要创造要一些有价值的东西。
【8题详解】
考查从属连词。句意：因为它太短暂了，在你有限的时间里，我建议你创造一些有价值的东西。根据句意，前面一句表示原因“因为生命太短暂”，后一句表示结果。因此用Because/As/Since引导原因状语从句。故填Because/As/Since。
【9题详解】
考查代词。句意：如果你敢的话，（创造）一些令人惊奇的东西。分析句意，根据前一句的“I recommend creating something worthwhile”，此处是省略句，完整句子为“（I recommend creating ）something amazing”。故填something。
【10题详解】
考查并列结构。句意：每一天、每一周、每一个月、每一年，你都有机会要么去一点一点地改进它，要么坐视它被侵蚀。分析句子结构，此处是并列结构either…or，意思为“要么……要么……， 或者……或者……”。故填either。
第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
完型填空（共20小题；
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上涂黑。
When I was about five years old, I used to watch a bird in the skies of southern Alberta from the Blackfoot Blood Reserve in northern Montana where I was born．I loved this bird; I would___11___him for hours．He would___12___effortlessly in that gigantic sky, or he would come down and light on the___13___and float there beautifully．Sometimes when I watched him, he would not make a sound and liked to move___14___into the grasses．We called him meksikatsi, which in the Blackfoot language___15___“pink-colored feet”; meksikatsi and I became very good friends．
The bird had a very particular significance to me___16___I desperately wanted to be able to fly too．I felt very much as if I was the kind of person who had been born into a world where___17___was impossible．And most of the things that I___18___about would not be possible for me but would be possible only for other people．
When I was ten years old, something unexpected___19___my life suddenly．I found myself become an___20___child in a family I was not born into; I found myself in a___21___position that many native Americans find themselves in, living in a city that they do not understand at all, not in another culture but___22___two cultures．
A teacher of the English language told me that meksikatsi was not called meksikatsi, even though that is what___23___people have called that bird for thousands of years．Meksikatsi, he said, was really “duck”．I was very___24___with English．I could not understand it．First of all, the bird did not look like “duck”, and when it made a___25___, it did not sound like “duck”, I was even more___26___when I found out that the meaning of the verb “to duck” came from the bird．
As I___27___to understand English better, I understand that it made a great deal of___28___but I never forgot that meksikatsi made a different kind of meaning．I___29___that languages are not just different words for the same things but totally different___30___, totally different ways of experiencing and looking at the world．
11. A. keep B. watch C. follow D. search
12. A. jump B. dive C. circle D. wander
13. A. nest B. hill C. water D. road
14. A. quickly B. naturally C. freely D. quietly
15. A. means B. reads C. shows D. states
16. A. though B. because C. while D. until
17. A. communication B. imagination C. belief D. flight
18. A. dreamed B. worried C. knew D. argued
19. A. improved B. enriched C. changed D. ruined
20. A. educated B. adopted C. outgoing D. independent
21. A. weak B. comfortable C. terrible D. central
22. A. between B. against C. without D. beyond
23. A. most B. few C. their D. my
24. A. desperate B. bored C. uncomfortable D. disappointed
25. A. noise B. call C. decision D. choice
26. A. ashamed B. confused C. embarrassed D. frightened
27. A. tried B. came C. determined D. expected
28. A. evidence B. distinction C. profit D. sense
29. A. identified B. confirmed C. realized D. predicted
30. A. concepts B. regulations C. messages D. evaluations
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者由meksikatsi,入手，认识到语言不仅仅是用不同的词语描述同一个事物，而且还是用完全不同的观念和方法去感受和看待这个世界。
【小题1】B 考查动词。A．keep保持；B．watch观看；C．follow跟随，按着；D．search搜寻。根据上文I used to watch a bird in the skies可知，我会“看上”几个小时。故选B。
【小题2】C 考查动词辨析。A．jump跳；B．dive潜水；C．circle盘旋；D．wander徘徊。根据常识可知，鸟儿在空中盘旋，故选C。
【小题3】C 考查名词词义辨析。A．nest鸟巢；B．hill小山；C．water水；D．road公路。根据本空后的and float there beautifully可知，鸟有时会点水，在水上漂浮一会儿，故选C。
【小题4】D 考查副词词义辨析。A．quickly迅速地；B．naturally自然地；C．freely自由地；D．quietly安静地。根据本空前的he would not make a sound and liked to move可知，它总是安静地落在草上，故选D。
【小题5】A 考查动词词义辨析。A．means意味着；B．reads阅读；C．shows展示；D．states陈述。根据本空前的meksikatsi,和本空后的“pink-colored feet”，可知此处是解释meksikatsi的含义，故选A。
【小题6】B 考查连词。A．though尽管；B．because因为；C．while然而，在……期间；D．until直到……为止。根据上下文可知，此处是解释这只鸟对“我”有特殊意义的原因：因为我也极度地想要飞。故选B。
【小题7】D 考查名词。A．communication交流；B．imagination想象；C．belief信念；D．flight飞行。上文说我也极度地想要飞，但是现实飞行是不可能的，故选D。
【小题8】A 考查动词。A．dreamed梦想；B．worried担忧；C．knew知道；D．argued辩论。有下文的例子可知，我梦想的东西大多数都不可能实现。故选A。
【小题9】C 考查动词。A．improved提高；B．enriched丰富；C．changed改变；D．ruined毁掉。由文章情景可知，此处是说一些意想不到的事情改变了我的生活。故选C。
【小题10】B 考查形容词。A．educated有教养的；B．adopted被收养的；C．outgoing外向的；D．independent独立的。根据本空后的in a family I was not born into可知，我发现我是一个被收养的孩子。故选B。
【小题11】C 考查形容词。A．weak弱的；B．comfortable舒适的；C．terrible可怕的，糟糕的；D．central中心的。根据本空后的living in a city that they do not understand at all可知，生活在一个完全不了解的城市是糟糕的。故选C。
【小题12】A 考查介词。A．between 两者之间；B．against对着；C．without没有；D．beyond在---之上。根据本空后的two cultures可知，此处时说生活在两种文化之间，故选A。
【小题13】D 考查代词。根据本空前meksikatsi was not called meksikatsi可知，尽管我的文化的人们叫了几千年meksikatsi，但在英语它是鸭子的意思。故选D。
【小题14】D 考查形容词。A．desperate 令人绝望的；B．bored 感到厌烦的；C．uncomfortable不舒适的；D．disappointed感到失望的。根据本空后的I could not understand it．可知，因为我不能理解，所以我对英语感到很失望。故选D。
【小题15】B 考查名词。A．noise噪音；B．call电话；C．decision决定；D．choice选择。根据本空后的sound like，可知，我发音时，它听起来不像duck，故选B。
【小题16】B 考查形容词。A．ashamed害羞的；B．confused困惑的；C．embarrassed尴尬的；D．frightened感到害怕的。根据本空后的the meaning of the verb “to duck” came from the bird．可知，当我发现to duck起源于那只鸟时，我更加困惑了。故选B。
【小题17】B 考查动词。A．tried尝试；B．came来；C．determined 决定；D．expected期盼。根据本空后的I understand that 可知，随着我对英语理解的越来越好。come to do表示“理解，学会”。故选B。
【小题18】D 考查名词。A．evidence证据；B．distinction区别；C．profit利润；D．sense感觉。上下文可知，随着我对英语理解的越来越好，我觉得它很讲得通。故选D。
【小题19】C 考查动词。A．identified鉴定；B．confirmed确认；C．realized意识到；D．predicted预测。根据文章语境可知，我意识到语言不仅仅是用不同的词语描述同一个事物。故选C。
【小题20】A 考查名词。A．concepts概念；B．regulations条例；C．messages信息；D．evaluations评估。根据上下文语境可知，我意识到语言不仅仅是用不同的词语描述同一个事物，还是用完全不同的观念和方法去感受和看待这个世界。故选A。
【学法指导】
1.结合上下文语境，抓关键词。解完型填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要阅读下句或者若干句才能明白。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。37．【小题12】A考查介词。A．between 两者之间；B．against对着；C．without没有；D．beyond在---之上。根据本空后的two cultures可知，此处时说生活在两种文化之间，故选A。
2.状语从句引导词的考查在高考中频繁出现，是高考热点，非常值得注意。31．【小题6】B考查连词。A．though尽管；B．because因为；C．while 尽管，在---期间；D．until直到---为止。根据上下文可知，此处是解释这只鸟对“我”有特殊意义的原因：因为我也极度地想要飞。故选B。
考点：考查夹叙夹议的阅读
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Has anyone noticed how, with the passage of time, one’s relationship with one’s grown-up daughters and sons becomes changed? I’ve been aware of this for some time but I’m not quite sure how to deal with it.
Take the kitchen sink for example.
Following a family get-together at my place, I walked into the kitchen to find Kate, my daughter carefully cleaning the sink.
“Don’t do that; what are you doing that for?” I said, unhappy about the hidden criticism.
“Mum,” she said, “you really ought to put your glasses on when you clean the sink. Behind the tap here was black!”
But it’s not just things like kitchen sinks. Another time Kate arrived to pick me up to lunch. She looked at me and then asked, “Mum, why do you use brown eyebrow pencil when your hair is grey?”
A sudden memory of her, aged 14, going to her first mixed party flooded back. She had come in to say goodbye. For a moment I thought she’d been an accident. Both eyes were black. I remember suggesting that perhaps a little less eye make-up might be more effective.
Now I told her, “My hair used to be brown.”
“It looks absurd.”
“Mrs. Menzies had dark eyebrows with grey hair.”
“Yes, but you’re not Mrs. Menzies, are you?” she said triumphantly, as if that proved her point.
But a recent event made me realize that something really must be done.
She had returned some for a few weeks before getting married. One evening I went out on a dinner date. By the time my companion left me at the front door, it was about 2am. As I stepped in, an angry figure in a white nightgown stopped me.
“Well, what time of night is this to be coming home?” she shouted. “Where have you been? I’ve been worried sick!”
Shades of the past come back to disturb me. But what should I do about all this? Nothing, probably. Maybe, after all, it’s only a stage young people are going through.
31. The daughter thought her mother didn’t clean the kitchen sink well because of her .
A. laziness B. carelessness C. unhappiness D. poor-quality glasses
32. From the passage we know the daughter .
A. didn’t want to help with the sink
B. didn’t like brown eyebrow pencils
C. had an accident when she went to her first party
D. shouted at her mum because she came home late
33. How does the mother feel after all these have happened?
A. Shocked. B. Proud. C. Envious. D. Confused.
34. The author writes the stories to prove that .
A. their relationship became stronger
B. their roles changed as time passed
C. her daughter very much cared about her
D. her daughter got upset as she grew up
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. D 34. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲到随着时间推移，与子女之间代沟越来越大，年老的父母和子女相互缺少理解，与子女间角色的变化使得生活中产生的问题，令人难以适从。并列举了一些生活中作者和女儿相处的事例来说明。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Mum,” she said, “you really ought to put your glasses on when you clean the sink. Behind the tap here was black!”描述,可知这是女儿在婉转的说母亲不够细心,故选B。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第九段“It looks absurd.”可知女儿并不喜欢不喜欢棕色眉笔，认为它看起来很可笑。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段Shades of the past come back to disturb me. But what should I do about all this?可知这位母亲对于处理这些问题很困惑。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段Has anyone noticed how, with the passage of time, one’s relationship with one’s grown-up daughters and sons becomes changed?及下文描述,可知作者主要是想证明随着时间的变化, 孩子从一个被呵护的角色成长为一个与父母平等的角色。父母在家庭中的角色也在发生变化，故选B。
B
AFrom：jovangagic56@memail．com
To：kmallory@LN．org
Subject：Hi!
Dear Mr．Mallory，
I am writing to tell you my deep disappointment for my experience at Lingua Nova English summer school in the first two weeks of July．I had been thoroughly looking forward to learning English and learning about culture in the UK，but I am afraid that my time at your summer school failed to live up to my expectations．
Your brochure states that the student accommodation is situated "in the heart of Edinburgh"．This is misleading as my accommodation was，in fact，situated a good fifty minutes bus ride from the city center in what I can only describe as a less than picturesque part of the suburbs．
In addition，the activity programme did not reflect the fact that we were located in one of Europe's most interesting and historical cities: one evening activity consisted of a walk to a nearby park，another was a trip to a narrow street which was not usually used by cars．Finally，on our one trip into the city center our "guide" readily admitted that she was not from Edinburgh，and had in fact never visited the city before．I had been eagerly expecting a guided tour of Scotland's treasures．In fact，I was left in the city center with no map and told to "check things out" while your employee went shopping in Princes Street．This was a long awaited trip and cost me over two years' hard work and saving．Although I do have positive memories of my trip (my English teachers were knowledgeable and inspiring)，the accommodation and activity programme were wholly unsatisfactory．
I would like to get my money back for the accommodation and would really appreciate a reply within the next two weeks．
Yours sincerely，
Jovan Gagic
35. Jovan wrote the email to __________．
A provide information
B. share experiences
C. express dissatisfaction
D. raise expectations
36. According to Jovan，the guide __________．
A. organized cultural activities
B. failed to perform duties
C. had a good knowledge of the city
D. received punishment for bad behavior
37. What effect does Jovan want his email to have on Mr．Mallory?
A. To make him feel sorry．
B. To cause him worry．
C. To bring him disappointment．
D. To get him into trouble．
【答案】35. C 36. B 37. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇电子邮件。邮件讲的是主人公报名了一个英国的暑期假日学校，但是去了之后发现环境很差，与介绍人描述的丝毫不符，为了向其表达不满，写了这封邮件。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。邮件第一句I am writing to tell you my deep disappointment for my experience at Lingua Nova English summer school in the first two weeks of July.阐述写信是为了表达自己对Lingua Nova英语暑期学校的经历深感失望。与C 选项的叙述相符。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。本题定位到文章的第三段Finally, on our one trip into the city center our "guide" readily admitted that she was not from Edinburgh, and had in fact never visited the city before.（最后，在我们去市中心的一次旅行中，我们的“导游”爽快地承认她不是来自爱丁堡，事实上以前从未去过这个城市。）从下文可知，作者在城市里no map and told to “checking things out”可知，导游不合格，与第二个选项描述相符。故选B。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知，作者想向Mallory 要回住宿费用，并且全文都在说作者在英国的情况与之前介绍不符，所以是想让介绍人感到愧疚。故选A。
【名师点睛】本文小题1、2都属于细节理解题。这一题型可以通过正选法与排除法解题。
正选法即根据所读材料内容从正面选择最佳答案。如果在有些情况下从正面选择答案有困难，考生则可以考虑选用排除法，即排除四个选项中的三个错误选项，那么剩下的选项即为正确答案。排除法是解答阅读理解题的常用方法，对于那些不合情理或荒谬的选项、与短文内容相反的选项、与短文内容不相关的选项、虽在短文中出现但答非所问的选项，以及不是问题的主要因素的选项等，都可以采用排除法。
考生可以遵循如下“三级思考”的方法排除干扰项：(1) 如果干扰项明显与文章相矛盾，即为“误”，可以直接排除。(2) 如果干扰项与文章内容不矛盾，但在原文中没有依据，这种脱离原文的“虚”的选项也可以排除。(3)有些干扰项似乎很有道理，文中也能找到相关的依据，但它并不能完全满足题目的要求，未能以文章的主题、作者的思维模式为出发点，未能充分体现严谨性和最大的合理性，这种虽没错但不是最佳答案的“偏”选项也可以排除。只要考生经过“是否矛盾? (误否) ——是否有依据? (虚否?) ——是否以偏概全 (偏否?)”的逐级思考过程来分析和甄别每一个选项，那么解题的正确率就会得以提高。正确的答案应该是与原文意义一致的选项，或是经过“三级思考”仍不能排除的选项。
C
On March 28th, The New York Times will begin charging all but the most infrequent users to read articles online.
In a letter to readers, Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., the publisher of the paper, laid out the details of the paywall, which he said will go into effect immediately in Canada and on March 28th for the rest of the world. He called the move “an important step that we hope you will see as an investment in The New York Times, one that will strengthen our ability to provide high-quality journalism to readers around the world and on any platform.”
Sulzberger said that readers will be able to read 20 articles per month at no charge. Once they click on the 21st piece, however, they’ll be presented with three payment options: $15 for four weeks of online and mobile application access, $20 for access to the site and the iPad application, or $35 for access to everything. People who already receive the printed paper through home delivery will enjoy free and unlimited access to The New York Times on all platforms.
These details largely agree with earlier reports on how the paywall would work. The New York Times had made it clear that it did not want to imitate the total paywalls put into effect by papers such as The Times of London and Newsday, which block access to all contents unless the reader pays.
The paper also signaled that it wants to stay relevant in the social media world. According to Sulzberger’s announcement, people who come to The New York Times site from Facebook, Twitter or from blogs will be able to read those articles even if they have gone over their monthly limit.
However, Sulzberger said that a limit will be placed on “some search engines”, meaning that after readers have accessed a certain number of articles from search engines, any further articles they access from there will be added to their monthly count. It was reported that the only search engine that will be affected this way is Google, where there will be a five-article limit. This marks a clear attempt by The New York Times to close what could be a giant loophole ( 漏 洞 ), since so much online traffic is directed through Google. But it also presents a risk for the paper for the same reason.
Sulzberger seems well aware of the risk. “The challenge now is to put a price on our work without walling ourselves off from the global network,” he said, adding that The New York Times must “continue to engage with the widest possible audience.”
38. The author’s main purpose in the text is to______ .
A describe research findings B. make advertisements
C. report a piece of news D. suggest a solution
39. Why will The New York Times charge their online readers?
A. It is the only way to offer better service to its readers.
B. It wants to stay relevant in the social media world.
C. It has too many readers coming from the other sites.
D. It is seeking new financial sources for its development.
40. Which group of people cannot read unlimited number of The New York Times articles?
A. Those subscribing to the printed newspapers.
B. Readers clicking through from Facebook.
C. Those using Google research engine.
D. Readers paying $35 a month.
41. What challenge may the paywall bring to The New York Times?
A. It may bring The New York Times more competition with the other media.
B. It may lead to a giant loophole online for The New York Times.
C. It may result in huge drops in papers’ online readership.
D. It may block the readers from the other websites.
【答案】38. C 39. D 40. C 41. C
【解析】
本文是新闻报道。文章报道了《纽约时报》将开始对在线阅读文章收费，介绍了收费的原因、收费的标准以及付费门槛将给《纽约时报》带来的挑战。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“On March 28th, the New York Times will begin charging all but the most infrequent users to read articles online”可知，这篇文章是告诉大家一则消息：《纽约时报》将开始对所有在线阅读文章的用户收费，只有最不经常阅读的用户除外。故选C项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“He called the move ‘an important step that we hope you will see as an investment in the Times, one that will strengthen our ability to provide high-quality journalism to readers around the world and on any platform’(他称这一举措是“一个重要的措施，我们希望你能将其视为对《纽约时报》的投资，这将加强我们为世界各地的读者在任何平台上提供高质量新闻的能力)”可知，《纽约时报》向网上用户收费是为其更好的发展寻求资金来源。故选D项。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“It was reported that the only search engine that will be affected this way is Google, where there will be a five-article limit（ 据报道，唯一会受到这种影响的搜索引擎是谷歌，（在谷歌引擎）将有五篇文章的限制）”可知，使用谷歌搜索引擎的人将被限制阅读《纽约时报》文章的数量。故选C项。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Sulzberger seems well aware of the risk. …adding that The New York Times must ‘continue to engage with the widest possible audience’ （Sulzberger似乎很清楚这种风险。……他还说，《纽约时报》必须继续与尽可能多地读者接触）”可以推断，Sulzberger认为付费门槛给《纽约时报》带来的挑战是可能会导致网上的用户数量下降，因此强调要与尽可能多地读者接触。故选C项。
D
Every time the results of the international PISA test are released, the United States gets another opportunity to whip itself for students’ unsatisfying performance.
PISA is the Program for International Student Assessment, a test administered to students in 79 countries around the world. It allows critics on both sides of the school-reform debate to peer at the results of other nations, compare them to the U.S. outcomes and find examples that appear to confirm their own beliefs about why our 15-year-olds are not at the best in science, math and reading. Those opposed to standardized testing and accountability measures look at Finland’s high scores and point out that in that country, there are no mandatory standardized tests until the end of senior year of high school. Children are encouraged to play more. Their school days are shorter and no one attempts to hold teachers accountable according to a rigid set of rules. The students are given very little homework. The nation’s scores and ranking have slid over the past decade, but it still consistently outshines the U.S.
Meanwhile, fans of more regular testing are likely to hold up Singapore and South Korea as models. Singapore’s curriculum is highly scripted and pretty much the same across the nation — something that the Obama administration hoped to achieve through its Common Core curriculum. Teachers continually prepare students for hard tests and depend heavily on worksheets and drills. South Korean families depend heavily on private tutoring to help their children perform well on high-stakes tests. Students in these two countries also outperform American students on the PISA test.
But if Finland, Singapore and South Korea are all doing better than America, that suggests there may be a factor at play other than how students are taught. And indeed there is something that all three of these nations, and every other country that outranks America on the PISA test, have in common: lower rates of child poverty. “Socio-economically disadvantaged students across OECD countries are almost three times more likely than advantaged students not to attain the baseline level of proficiency (能力) in science,” PISA reported in a 2018 paper.
Though America is by most measures a wealthy country, it is one with many poor people. A 2017 UNICEF report looked at the relative child poverty rates of 41 well-off nations. America ranked seventh from the bottom.
“Because in every country, students at the bottom of the social class distribution perform worse than students higher in that distribution, U.S. average performance appears to be relatively low partly because we have so many more test takers from the bottom of the social class distribution,” A 2013 study by Stanford University researchers concluded.
There’s no getting around it: This is a shameful situation in a developed, wealthy nation. When poverty equates to lower academic performance, people pass that poverty from one generation to the next. Until they are willing to face that problem and take bold measures against it, the nation’s rankings will always be limited.
For various reasons, PISA results aren’t the ultimate measure of how well a nation’s schools are doing. But when it comes to measuring the effects of income inequality, PISA offers a powerful lesson for the United States: If they want a better educated population, they cannot ignore their culpability in allowing so many children to grow up in poverty.
42. We can learn from the passage that PISA is a test______.
A. administered to all the students around the world
B. reflecting students’ ability in science, math and reading
C. causing criticism from the educational authorities in the US
D. held by the United Nations annually for 15-year-old students
43. According to the passage, we can learn that_____ .
A. The US government has taken measures to handle poverty issues.
B. Scores of students from Finland in PISA have improved in recent years
C. The case in Singapore is used as opposition against standardized testing
D. For students in South Korea, the help from teachers in schools is not enough
44. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?
A. The 2013 study by Stanford University researchers.
B. There are many test takers from lower class in the US.
C. The US ranked the seventh among 41 well-off countries.
D. The US average performance is poorer than other countries.
45. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To present different opinions of the school-reform debate in the US.
B. To argue poverty contributes to the low ranking of the US in PISA.
C. To illustrate that the US students performed poorly academically.
D. To compare the education systems in the US and other countries
【答案】42. B 43. D 44. B 45. B
【解析】
本文是议论文。美国在PISA的测试中排名不高。斯坦福大学研究人员得出结论：美国的平均表现相对较低，部分原因是社会阶层分布最底层的考生多。PISA为美国提供了一个教训：如果他们想要一个受过更好教育的人口，他们就不能忽视在贫困中成长的儿童。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“PISA is the Program for International Student Assessment …It allows critics on both sides of the school-reform debate to peer at the results of other nations, compare them to the U.S. outcomes and find examples that appear to confirm their own beliefs about why our 15-year-olds are not at the best in science, math and reading（ PISA是国际学生评估方案，它允许批评者对其他国家的结果进行评价，将它们与美国的结果进行比较，并找到一些例子来证实他们自己的观念“为什么我们的15岁孩子在科学、数学和阅读方面不是最好的”）”可以推断，PISA反映了孩子在科学、数学和阅读方面的能力。故选B项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“South Korean families depend heavily on private tutoring to help their children perform well on high-stakes tests（韩国家庭严重依赖私人辅导，以帮助他们的孩子在高风险考试中表现良好）”可以推断，对于韩国学生来说，在学校通过老师学习是远远不够的。故选D项。
【44题详解】
词句猜测题。第六段中提到“U.S. average performance appears to be relatively low partly because we have so many more test takers from the bottom of the social class distribution（美国的平均表现似乎相对较低，部分原因是很多考生来自于社会阶层的最底层）”。划线词it所在的句意为“除非他们愿意面对这个问题并采取大胆的措施，否则美国的排名将永远是有限的”。因此可以推测，it指代the problem，而the problem指上一句中的“poverty equates to lower academic performance（贫困就等同于学习表现差）”，也指上文中的“we have so many more test takers from the bottom of the social class distribution”。故选B项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。美国在PISA的测试中排名不高。根据文章第六段“U.S. average performance appears to be relatively low partly because we have so many more test takers from the bottom of the social class distribution（美国的平均表现相对较低，部分原因是社会阶层分布最底层的考生多）”和文章最后一段“PISA offers a powerful lesson for the United States: If they want a better educated population, they cannot ignore their culpability in allowing so many children to grow up in poverty （PISA为美国提供了一个教训：如果他们想要一个受过更好教育的人口，他们就不能忽视在贫困中成长的儿童）”可以推断，文章分析了美国在PISA测试中排名不高的原因是因为贫困儿童受教育程度低。故选B项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
This Is Why Dogs Spin Around Before They Poop
Most dog owners have probably been puzzled and possibly impatient waiting for their dog to do its business. Instead of just finding a soft area of grass to go number two, they make a whole ritual out of it, spinning in a circle before finally squatting. Luckily, the ultimate pet owners’ question may finally have been answered.
A few theories have circulated about why dogs might circle before pooping, and most are similar to the reasons they spin before lying down. Trampling around in a circle would flatten the grass around, which would keep tall blades from trapping their waste and hitting their butt while they poop.___46___
But Czech researcher Hynek Burda didn’t quite buy into those theories.___47___ And if they were scanning their environment, keeping still to listen and sniff would be more effective than giving the area a quick once-over. Instead, Burda suggested that dogs spin to get a feel for the Earth’s magnetic pull.
The Earth has a magnetic field around it protecting it from radiation from space, and some animals seem to use it to get a sense of where its North and South poles are.___48___ In 2013, Burda published a study in the journal Frontiers in Zoology suggesting dogs have a strong internal compass, too. He and his team spent two years watching 70 dogs poop and pee and recording which way they faced and how strong the magnetic field was.
As it turns out, when the magnetic field was calm, dogs preferred to poop facing either north or south.___49___ The pattern couldn’t explain why dogs like facing the Earth’s poles, but the researchers think it might help them remember where they marked their territory. “Doing so, and calibrating his magnetic compass, is probably easier for him when being aligned with the magnetic field,” Burda told the Washington Post. ___50___
So before you roll your eyes when your dog takes ages to do his business, remember that pet might just be getting scientific about his potty spot.
A. For instance, it’s how birds know which way to migrate.
B. When the magnetic field was less stable, they faced any direction.
C. And when they’re done, this is why dogs kick up the lawn after they pee.
D. Dogs evolved from wolves, which didn’t need to worry much about tall grass.
E. For more weird dog habits, check out the 12 secrets your dog’s tail is trying to tell you.
F. If they can remember which way they were facing, they might find it easier to find that spot again.
G. Another explanation could be that they’re scanning for snakes and predators before they become completely occupied.
【答案】46. G 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. F
【解析】
本文是说明文。狗在大便前会转圈，这让很多狗的主人感到困惑。本文解释了原因：狗大便前转圈是在感受地球的磁场。当磁场平静时，狗喜欢向北或向南大便。 当磁场不那么稳定时，他们就会面对任何方向大便。而这可能会帮助狗记住在哪里标记了自己的领地。
【46题详解】
该段首句提到“A few theories have circulated…”，该段是关于狗大便前为什么转圈流传的几个解释。其中一个解释是“most are similar to the reasons they spin before lying down”；选项G意思为：另一种解释可能是，它们在完全占据大便的领地之前看看有没有蛇和捕食者。选项G是顺承上文的话题。故选G项。
【47题详解】
选项D意思为： 狗是从狼进化而来的，狼不需要太担心高大的草。设空处后的内容是解释为什么狗不需要转圈，因为狗可以通过听或者嗅的方式。故选D项。
【48题详解】
设空处前一句提到“一些动物似乎用磁场来了解南北极在哪里”。选项A意思为：例如，这就是鸟类知道向什么方向迁徙的方法。选项A是对前一句内容的进一步举例说明。故选A项。
【49题详解】
选项B意思为： 当磁场不那么稳定时，他们就会面向任何方向。根据选项A中“When the magnetic field was less stable”和前一句中“when the magnetic field was calm”可知，这两句是并列句，都是关于同一个话题。故选B项。
【50题详解】
设空处上文提到“but the researchers think it might help them remember where they marked their territory（但研究人员认为，这可能有助于它们记住在哪儿标记了自己领地）”；选项F意思为：如果他们能记住他们面对的方向，他们可能会更容易找到那个地点。选项F是顺承上文的话题。故选F项。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分） 第一节 (15 分)
51.假如你是高三学生李华，你们班外教要求每一位同学开学第一节课用英语向班级同学们汇报各自的寒假生活。请根据以下提示内容写一篇发言稿，内容主要包括：
1. 简要介绍你的寒假生活；
2. 你和家人如何过春节；
3. 展示你的新年决心。注意：词数不少于 50；
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【答案】The winter vacation has come to an end. During this period, I have completed the required homework . Additionally, interested in AI , I have learned some online courses about it. In my spare time I went skiing or skating with my cousins to relax ourselves.
A week before the Lunar New Year, I helped my parents prepare for the coming new year by doing some cleaning to our house , cooking food and so on . On the eve of the New Year, all family members got together and enjoyed a delicious family reunion dinner. After that, we children set off fireworks with my families chatting happily, expecting the arrival of the new year.
In the next several days , I paid visits to our friends and relatives.
Just as the saying goes, well begun is half done. My resolution for a new year is easy. I am determined to make full use of my time to improve my academic performance . After all, being admitted to an ideal university is my dream, which I will do my utmost to achieve.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文, 要求写一篇发言稿，汇报寒假生活。
【详解】第一步：
审题: 发言稿 汇报寒假生活
人称：第一人称
时态： 一般过去时、一般现在时
结构：分三部分，第一部分简要介绍你的寒假生活；第二部分你和家人如何过春节；第三部分展示你的新年决心。
要点：
1. 简要介绍你的寒假生活：完成学校要求的作业、学习网络课程、和表兄弟一起滑冰等
2．你和家人如何过春节：帮父母为新年做准备、吃团年饭、除夕守岁、拜亲访友
3．展示你的新年决心：尽自己最大的努力提高成绩，考上理想的大学
第二步：列提纲（重点词汇、短语 ）
winter vacation；come to an end；complete the required homework；be interested in； learn some online courses；go skiing；relax；help；prepare for；do some cleaning；get together；enjoy ；set off fireworks；chat happily；expect；arrival；resolution；be determined to do…；make full use of；improve academic performance；be admitted to
第三步：连词成句
(1) The winter vacation has come to an end.
(2) I have completed the required homework.
(3)I have learned some online courses about it.
(4) I went skiing with my cousins to relax ourselves.
(5) I helped my parents prepare for the coming new year.
(6) All family members got together and enjoyed a delicious family reunion dinner.
(7) We children set off fireworks with my families chatting happily.
(8) We expect the arrival of the new year.
(9) My resolution for a new year is easy.
(10) I am determined to make full use of my time to improve my academic performance .
(11) being admitted to an ideal university is my dream.
根据提示和关键词进行遣词造句,适当地运用句型，注意时态和主谓一致问题。
第四步：连句成篇(衔接词)
表示时间顺序： first of all; to begin/start with , in the beginning
firstly.... secondly .... lastly / finally/in the end
表示并列或补充关系： what is more; besides, moreover, apart from;
in addition, as well as；not only…but(also), meanwhile, in the meantime, some...some…others
表示转折对比关系：but, however, although, though, yet, while
on one hand…on the other hand ...,
表示因果关系：because, as, therefore, as a result, as a consequence, consequently, thus
连句成文，运用恰当的衔接词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使句与句之间逻辑性更强、
段与段之间结构清晰。
【点睛】范文要点全面，结构清晰，层次分明，上下文连贯，在表达时用到了很多高级词汇，如come to an end；be interested in；learn some online courses；relax；prepare for；get together； expect；arrival；resolution；be determined to do…；make full use of；improve academic performance；be admitted to 等；复杂句式的运用提升了文章层次，如形容词作状语interested in AI , I have learned some online courses about it；“with的复合结构”的运用we children set off fireworks with my families chatting happily；俗语的运用Just as the saying goes, well begun is half done；动名词作主语的运用being admitted to an ideal university is my dream；定语从句的运用which I will do my utmost to achieve等。
第二节（20 分）
52.假设你是红星中学高二（1）班学生李华。请你根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，给21世纪英文报写一封稿件，介绍上周你班同学参观北京市规划展览馆（Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall）的全过程。
注意：同数不少于60；
提示如：沙盘 urban planning model 讲解员 docent
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【答案】Last Friday, our class paid a visit to Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall, which opened our eyes to the continuous physical transformation of the ancient city.
The visit started with a warm welcome from a docent at the entrance, who briefly introduced the main thematic areas. Once inside, we were attracted to an exhibition that gave a vivid account of Beijing’s history. To my excitement, on a huge map I could even find what my local area was like years ago. How incredible to have hutongs transformed into high-rise buildings.
The hall displayed more than just the history of Beijing. In a documentary entitled “Beautiful Beijing”, we learned in amazement how Beijing has become a modern city with giant skyscrapers and new landmarks. Afterwards, following the docent, we came to an urban planning model which displayed a more vibrant Beijing with buildings, transportation and facilities planned for the future.
Before leaving, I left a message on the board, expressing my best wishes to my hometown. Then I headed home with a smile as well as a wonderful picture of Beijing’s future in mind.(182 words)
【解析】
本文书面表达属于看图作文，要求写一封稿件。
第1步：根据提示可知，本篇是要求写一封稿件：假设你是红星中学高二（1）班学生李华。请你根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，给21世纪英文报写一封稿件，介绍上周你班同学参观北京市规划展览馆（Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall）的全过程。
第2步：根据写作要求确定关键词，如：Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall（北京市规划展览馆）； urban planning model沙盘；docent讲解员；To my excitement（使某人兴奋的是）；transformed into（被改造成）；left a message on the board（在留言板上留下信息）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态语态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
本文内容完整，语言规范，符合图画内容，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
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