北京市朝阳区2020届高三二模英语试题

北京市朝阳区高三年级高考练习二
英语试题
(考试时间100分钟 满分120分)
本试卷共11页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45分)
第一节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A man called Andy set out for the Pacific Crest Trail, ___1___stretches from the borders of Mexico to Canada. He decided to take a selfie(自拍)every single mile along the 4,286-kilometre journey.
Andy created a time-lapse (延时的)video from his five-month hike and he was almost unrecognisable towards the end of the video一he had lost 23 kilograms.
___2___ (sad) , he never finished the journey, as he ___3___ (trap) by a snowstorm about 418 kilometres from the end.
【答案】1. which
2. Sadly 3. was trapped/had been trapped
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了主人公Andy因暴风雪而未完成的一段旅行。
【1题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一个叫安迪的人出发前往太平洋克雷斯特小径，这条小径从墨西哥边境一直延伸到加拿大。分析句子，划线部分充当了主语，后面的句子是先行词为Pacific Crest Trail的定语从句。定语从句部分缺主语，需用关系代词。先行词指物，故用which / that。又因 that 不引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【2题详解】
考查副词。句意：遗憾的是，他没有完成旅程。分析句子，提示词sad是形容词，不可修饰后面的句子。副词可有修饰句子。故填Sadly。
【3题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：因为他在距离终点418公里的地方被暴风雪困住了。分析句子，as所处的从句中除了提示词外无其余动词。故trap填动词的时态。又因为trap和逻辑主语之间表示被动，故用时态的被动。分析上文，文章的整体时态是过去时，所以填过去时的被动。故填was trapped。/分析句子，as所处的从句中除了提示词外无其余动词。故trap填动词的时态。又因为trap和逻辑主语之间表示被动，故用时态的被动。根据句意，Andy应该是先被困住了后才没办法完成旅行。此处符合过去完成时的基本用法：过去的过去。故此处用过去完成时的被动。故填had been trapped。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A US astronaut, Christina Koch, spent 328 days in space, which is a record for a female astronaut. She completed her mission, landing in a remote area of Kazakhstan.
Koch concluded six space walks and she did some experiments that studied ___4___ people are able to live outside Earth. Her time in space allows researchers ___5___( study) the effects of a long-term spaceflight on the female body. NASA says the findings ___6___( help) the agency during its future missions to the moon and Mars.
【答案】4. if/whether
5. to study
6. will help
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。讲述美国女宇航员Christina Koch完成了她在太空的328天。以及她在太空期间的研究价值。
【4题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：Koch完成了6次太空行走，她还做了一些实验来研究人类是否能够在地球之外生活。分析句子，设问处放在studied后，属于宾语从句。宾语从句部分不缺主语（people）和宾语（outside Earth）。故该空应填连接词或连接副词。通过分析句意，此处缺“是否”之意。故填if / whether。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她在太空的经历使研究人员能够研究长期太空飞行对女性身体的影响。分析句子，该简单句中除了提示词外还有动词“allow”，故该提示词需填非谓语动词。又因为固定搭配：allow sb to do sth 译为“允许某人做某事”。故填to study。
【6题详解】
考查时态。句意：美国宇航局表示，这些发现将有助于该机构未来的月球和火星任务。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词。故该处要填动词的时态。又因为句中有future missions（将来的任务）。是一般将来时的提示词。故填will help。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The European Parliament(议会)voted for ___7___( cancel) the summer time by 2021. The next step is to discuss the issue with EU countries.
The current law ___8___( make) EU countries move their clocks forwards on the last Sunday in March and move them backwards on the last Sunday in October.
Some people say that the summer time saves energy, ___9___ the European commission (委员会) says that the ___10___ (save) are small. Also, most people in the EU want to cancel the summer time.
【答案】7. cancel(l)ing
8. makes 9. but
10. savings
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章对欧洲议会投票决定在2021年前取消夏季夏令时的新闻进行了报道。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：欧洲议会投票决定在2021年前取消夏季夏令时。分析句子，提示词所处的简单句已经有动词。故cancel需要用非谓语动词。又因为放在介词后，所以需用doing形式。故填cancel(l)ing。
【8题详解】
考查时态。句意：现行法律要求欧盟国家在3月的最后一个周日将时钟调快，在10月的最后一个周日将时钟调慢。分析句子，并列句中除了make外，无其余动词。故make需表示动词的时态。make所处并列句强调的是客观实在性且被the current laws(现行法律)修饰。所以需要用一般现在时。且和主语之间表示主动关系。故填makes。
【9题详解】
考查连词。句意：有人说夏季时间节省能源，但欧洲委员会说节省的量是很小的。分析句子，划线处前句表示“有人说夏季时间节省能源”，后句却说“欧洲委员会说节省的量是很小的”。可以看出前后句表示转折。故填but。
【10题详解】
考查名词。句意：但欧洲委员会说节省的是很小的。分析句子，提示词为动词，但but后面的句子缺are的主语。故需将save变为名词被the修饰。又因be动词用are。所以主语要表示复数。故填savings。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
“What kind of stuff do you write?" one student asked on my first day at the University of Massachusetts, Lowell. After a decade away from the classroom, I was back to _____11_____
“Creative non-fiction,n I said.
It was a ___12___ I couldn't remember when I’d last written a creative essay. It must have been before my volatile（喜怒无常的）mother fell ill, leaving me resigned to the idea that our story of family dysfunction would not end ___13___. It seemed that nothing I wrote could ____14____ that.
With too much time and lack of ____15____ , I accepted a position to teach creative non-fiction. Although I couldn't get myself to tell my own ___16___, I could require that my students tell theirs.
“You're going to be keeping a ___17___ in this class, ” I said. "And I want you to tell your stories like they ___18___."
"Why?” a boy named Michael asked. "I mean, who ____19____ about our stories?"
Looking out at the roomful of students, I realized I didn't have an _____20_____.
No one said a word. I ____21____ that most didn't know their stories were stories一as beautiful and hard——as their own lives.
Finally , I said, “ Because it's what you have. Stories allow us to make meaning of what we've been through. When you shape your ____22____ into a story, it becomes yours and not just something that ____23____to you."
Michael didn't look ____24____, but he didn't challenge me either.
In his first essay, Michael wrote about how he grew up in one of the ____25____ neighborhoods in Boston. He wrote about the night he was out with two friends. The feeling of numbness(麻木)shot through my body as a car came zooming towards us. At that moment everything went blank. Both of my two mates were hit down, drenched in blood. Minutes after I witnessed that, I decided I was leading the dangerous neighborhood and going to college.
He went on to write about how his high school teachers, who saw his ____26____, helped him get into this school.
I had Michael _____27_____ his essay out. After he finished, the class went so ____28____that we could hear the sound of each other's breath. After a moment, I said, “ That's why you tell your stories. ”
I went home that night and picked up my journal, ____29____and untouched. I found a pen and for the first time in months, I had to ____30____ .
11. A. studying B. teaching C. visiting D. consulting
12. A. lie B. fact C. task D. dream
13. A. slowly B. naturally C. happily D. violently
14 A. prove B. explain C. destroy D. change
15. A. control B. support C. inspiration D. security
16. A. jokes B. stories C. thoughts D. faults
17. A. list B. note C. record D. journal
18. A. exist B. succeed C. matter D. spread
19. A. cares B. worries C. debates D. inquires
20. A. argument B. opportunity C. influence D. answer
21. A. assumed B. predicted C. ignored D. checked
22. A. choice B. performance C. progress D. experience
23. A. applied B. happened C. belonged D. appealed
24. A. interested B. astonished C. convinced D. concerned
25. A. biggest B. quietest C. safest D. worst
26. A. potential B. creativity C. anxiety D. confusion
27. A. read B. bring C. figure D. point
28. A. relaxed B. still C. nervous D. friendly
29. A. clean B. special C. dusty D. marked
30. A. wonder B. write C. compete D. practise
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者在马萨诸塞州从事教学工作，本文讲述了作者如何鼓励他的学生们进行写作的故事。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：离开教室十年之后，我又回来教书。A. studying学习；B. teaching教；C. visiting拜访；D. consulting咨询。根据one student asked on my first day at the University of Massachusetts可知，在作者进入马萨诸塞大学的第一天一个学生问他，可知作者在马萨诸塞大学教书，故选B。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它是一句谎言。A. lie谎言；B. fact事实；C. task任务；D. dream梦想。根据I couldn’t remember when I’d last written a creative essay(我记不起我什么时候最后写一个创造性的论文，)可知此处作者说了谎言，故选A。
【13题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但一定是在我喜怒无常妈妈生病前，让我屈服于这样的想法，我们的家庭功能障碍的故事不会幸福地结束。 A. slowly慢慢地；B. naturally自然地；C. happily快乐的；D. violently暴力地。因为妈妈生病了，所以故事不会很幸福。故选C。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我写的任何东西都不能改变这一点。 A. prove证明；B. explain解释；C. destroy毁坏；D. change改变。妈妈生病了，我的家庭故事不幸福，没有什么可以改变那些。故选D。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意： 由于时间太多，缺乏灵感，我接受了一个教授创造性非小说类文学作品的职位。A. control控制；B. support支持；C. inspiration灵感；D. security安全。根据下文I accepted a position to teach creative non-fiction.可知，缺乏灵感，作者接受了教授创造性非小说类文学作品的职位。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使我不会写自己的故事，但我要求我的学生讲述自己的故事。A. jokes笑话；B. stories故事； C. thoughts思想； D. faults错误。根据下文，作者让学生写日记，可知作者要求学生讲自己的故事。故选B。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析．句意：我说：“你可以在班上写日记，然后我希望你可以讲述你的故事，就像他们很重要一样”。A. list名单；B .note笔记；C. record记录；D. journal日志；日记。日记记录的内容才是自己的故事。故选D。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我说：“你可以在班上写日记，然后我希望你可以讲述你的故事，就像它们很重要一样。”A. exist存在；B. succeed成功；C. matter重要；D. spread传播。根据下文可知，这里要填matter意为“重要”。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的意思是，谁在乎我们的故事？A. cares关心；B. worries使担心；C. debates辩论； D. inquires询问。从下文可知，他们大多数都不觉得自己的故事重要，所以学生问谁在乎他们的故事。care about在乎。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：看着满教室的学生，我意识到我没有答案。A. argument争论；B. opportunity机会；C. influence影响；D. answer答案。根据下文No one said a word. 可知，作者没有答案，不知道如何回答学生的问题。故选D。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为大多数人不知道他们的故事和他们自己的生活一样——美丽和艰难。A. assumed认为；假定；B. predicted预测；C. ignored忽视；D. checked检查。根据下文作者说的话Because it's what you have. Stories allow us to make meaning of what we've been through.可知 ，作者认为大部分人不知道知道我们经历的事情的意义。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你把你的故事塑造成一个故事时，它就变成了你的，而不仅仅发生在你身上的故事。 A. choice选择；B. performance表演；C. progress进展；D. experience经历；经验。根据上文Because it's what you have. Stories allow us to make meaning of what we've been through.可知，记日记是你拥有的故事，故事使我们能够理解我们所经历的一切。因此推断，是把你的经历写进故事。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。 句意同上。A. applied申请；B. happened发生；C. belonged属于；D. appealed恳求。你的故事是你的经历，因此是发生在你身上的东西。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：迈克尔看起来并没被我说服，但他也没有挑战我。A. interested感兴趣的；B. astonished吃惊的；C. convinced确信的；相信的；D. concerned关心的。根据下文but he didn't challenge me either.可知，迈克尔不相信我。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他的第一篇文章中，麦克写了他如何在波士顿的一个最糟糕的社区热河成长的。A. biggest最大的；B. quietest最安静的；C. safest最安全的；D. worst最糟糕的。根据下文I decided I was leading the dangerous neighborhood 可知，这个社区是非常糟糕的。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他继续写了他的高中老师是怎样的，看到了他的潜能，帮助他进了这个学校。A. potential潜能；B. creativity创造性；C. anxiety焦虑； D. confusion困惑．根据下文helped him get into this school.可知，是高中老师发掘他的潜能，帮助他上了大学。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我让迈克尔读出了他的文章。A. read读；B. bring带来；C. figure计算；D. point指向。根据下文That's why you tell your stories.可推断，迈克尔读了他写的文章。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析．句意：在他读完后，教室里很安静，我们几乎能听见彼此呼吸的声音。A. relaxed放松的；B. still安静的；C. nervous紧张的；D. friendly友好的。这里是麦克读完自己的故事后，班上同学的反应，下文能听到呼吸声，说明很安静。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那晚我回家，把我布满灰尘且从未碰过的日记本拿了出来。A. clean干净的；B. special特别的；C. dusty布满灰尘的；D. marked加印记的。日记很久没碰了，所以布满灰尘。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我找到了一只笔，数月来第一次，我写东西。A. wonder奇迹；B. write写；C. compete比赛；D. practise练习。前文说我很久没写日记了，而现在因为迈克尔的事情，我拿出日记本，因此是想写点发生的故事。故选B。
【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第20小题，考查名词词义辨析。句意：我找到了一只笔，数月来第一次，我写东西。A. wonder奇迹；B. write写；C. compete比赛；D. practise练习。前文说我很久没写日记了，而现在因为迈克尔的事情，我拿出日记本，因此是想写点发生的故事。故选B。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。
A
Fun School Projects with Magnets and Metal

Science is one of the most interesting and fun subjects for kids.
There are endless opportunities for practical experiments that are sure to surprise and excite children's imaginations. A great way to get into experimenting with science is with the use of magnets. The properties of magnets allow for an “ invisible force ” to move objects seemingly on their own!
If your kids are looking for something a little trickier, why not let them try using magnets to make their own compass (指南针)？
For this experiment, you will need 2 needles, a strong magnet, a pencil, a cup and some string.
Step 1: Rub the pointed end of the needle along one side of the magnet ；this can be either the north or south end. Make sure you are rubbing the needle in one direction, not back and forth. You might need to do this about 30 times to magnetise the needle.
Step 2: Test the now magnetised needle with the spare needle to see if it can pick it up. If it can, the needle is ready to use for the experiment. If it doesn't pick it up, you will need to rub the needle a few more times on the same end of the magnet you were using before.
Step 3 : With a piece of string that is a couple of inches long, get your child to tie this to the middle of the pencil. Then, at the bottom end of the hanging string, tie the magnetised needle.
Step 4: Place the pencil, with the needle hanging down, over the top of a cup so that the needle is hanging inside the cup.
Step 5 : Watch as the needle moves on its own to point north.
Once your kids have got a taste for magnets, you might want to move on to more advanced experiments. Places like RS Components sell high-tech magnetic equipment that will be sure to carry on fuelling your children's passion for science!
31. According to the passage, the spare needle is used to _______.
A. pick the other needle up B. magnetise the other needle
C. rub the magnet on the other side D. check if the other needle is magnetised
32. The magnetised needle can point north because _______.
A. it is tied to a hanging string B. it has the properties of a magnet
C. it is connected with a magnet D. it is hanging down inside the cup
33. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To promote high-tech magnetic equipment.
B. To entertain kids with magnet experiments.
C. To stress the importance of advanced experiments.
D. To provide a way to fuel kids' passion for science.
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。科学是孩子们最感兴趣和最有趣的学科之一。文章介绍了一个有关磁铁的实验。提供了一种方法来激发孩子们对科学的热情。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据Step 2中的Test the now magnetised needle with the spare needle to see if it can pick it up.可知，用备用针头测试磁化的针头，看看它能不能把它捡起来。因此可知，备用针头是用来检查另一根针是否被磁化。故选D。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据Step3中的Then, at the bottom end of the hanging string, tie the magnetised needle.( 然后，在挂线的底端，绑上磁化针。)和Step 5Watch as the needle moves on its own to point north.( 当针自行移动指向北方时，请注意)可知，针有磁性，如果磁化针可以指向北方，是因为它具有磁铁的特性。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的Once your kids have got a taste for magnets, you might want to move on to more advanced experiments.(一旦你的孩子对磁铁有了兴趣，你可能会想继续做更高级的实验) 可推断，文章讲述这个磁铁试验的目的是为了提供一种方法来激发孩子们对科学的热情。故选D。
【点睛】细节理解题是阅读理解中常见的题型。考生在做这类题时一定要仔细审题，弄懂题干，题干当中往往有重要信息，然后回文定位，找到依据。比如此题第1题，根据题干定位在Step2, 根据Step 2中的Test the now magnetised needle with the spare needle to see if it can pick it up.可知，用备用针头测试磁化的针头，看看它能不能把它捡起来。因此可知，备用针头是用来检查另一根针是否被磁化。故选D。
B
The Wolf at the Door
Russ Fee was asleep inside his tent last summer when a series of screams shocked him awake. Throwing on his shoes, he ran out to investigate. Fee and his wife were travelling through Canada's Banff National Park to enjoy its breathtaking beauty and awesome wildlife. It was the latter he now experienced. Although it was dark, Fee could see a neighboring tent was in a mess. Backing out was a wolf, dragging something in his teeth. That thing was a man J
Moments earlier, Elisa and Matt Rispoli, from New Jersey, were asleep with their two young children when the wolf broke into their tent. "It was like something out of a horror movie，'‘ Elisa posted on Facebook. "For three minutes, Matt threw his body in front of me and the boys and fought against the wolf. At one point, Matt got the upper hand, pinning (压住) the wolf to the ground. But the wolf held its jaw onto Matt's arm tightly, set its powerful legs, and began dragging Matt outside while I was pulling on his legs trying to get him back，'‘ Elisa wrote.
It was then that Fee entered the picture. He ran at the wolf, kicking it “like I was kicking in a door,” he told ABC New York. The wolf dropped Matt and emerged from the tent. "Wolves are large，'‘ Fee told the radio show Calgary Eyeopener. " I felt like I had hit someone that was way out of my weight class."
Before the wolf could turn its anger on Fee, Matt, his arms bloodied, flew out of the tent to continue the battle. The men threw rocks at the wolf, forcing it back, then the Fees and the Rispolis escaped to the shelter of the Fees’ minivan(厢式旅行车). An ambulance was called, and Matt was taken to a local hospital suffering from open wounds. Luckily he has fully recovered. The wolf was tracked down by park officials and killed in a painless way.
As for Fee, whom Elisa called their lifesaver, he does admit to a fleeting(闪现的),if less- than-heroic, thought during the heat of battle. The moment the wolf locked eyes with him, Fee says, "I immediately regretted kicking it."
34 What happened to the Rispolis one night last summer?
A. They were scared by a horror movie.
B. They were suddenly woken up by screams.
C. They got injured and taken to the hospital.
D. They suffered a surprise attack from a wolf
35. Russ Fee joined Matt Rispoli when _______.
A. Matt was dropped down by the wolf
B. Matt gained the advantage over the wolf
C. the wolf was dragging Matt out of the tent
D. the wolf broke into the tent of the Rispolis
36. Matt Rispoli survived because _______.
A. the wolf was killed by park officials B. he took shelter in a neighboring tent
C. he got great help and timely treatment D. the wolf was driven away by Russ Fee
37. What can we learn about Russ Fee from the last paragraph?
A. He feels regretful for what he did. B. He enjoys being called a lifesaver.
C. He feels quite heroic about himself D. He admits his fear during the fight.
【答案】34. D 35. C 36. C 37. D
【解析】
本文为记叙文。本文讲述了Russ Fee在加拿大国家公园露营时英勇救人与狼搏斗的故事。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段Russ Fee was asleep inside his tent last summer when a series of screams shocked him awake. (去年夏天，Russ Fee在他的帐篷里睡觉时，一连串的尖叫声把他惊醒了。) 和Backing out was a wolf, dragging something in his teeth(一只狼在后退，用牙齿拖着什么东西。).可知，他们在公园度假时，一连串的叫声把他惊醒，原来是有人遭到狼的突然袭击，故选D。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二、三段… the wolf held its jaw onto Matt's arm tightly, set its powerful legs, and began dragging Matt outside while I was pulling on his legs trying to get him back(那只狼用下巴紧紧咬住马特的手臂，抬起有力的双腿，开始把马特拖到外面，而我则拉着他的腿想把他拽回来)，…和It was then that Fee entered the picture(就在那时，Russ Fee出现了)可知，在狼把Matt Rispoli拖出了帐篷后，Russ Fee加入了抢救过程，故选C。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段The men threw rocks at the wolf, forcing it back, then the Fees and the Rispolis escaped to the shelter of the Fees’ minivan(厢式旅行车).An ambulance was called, and Matt was taken to a local hospital suffering from open wounds. Luckily he has fully recovered(这些人向狼扔石头，把它逼回去，然后Fees和Rispolis一家跑到Fee厢式旅行车躲避。救护车来了，马特被送到了当地的医院).可知，因为得到了巨大的帮助和及时的治疗，Matt活了下来，故选C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。从最后一段he does admit to a fleeting(闪现的), if less-than-heroic, thought during the heat of battle. The moment the wolf locked eyes with him, Fee says, "I immediately regretted kicking it."(他承认在激烈的战斗中有一丝闪现的不那么英勇的想法。当那只狼与费目光相遇的那一刻，Fee说:“我立刻后悔不该踢它。”)可知，他在战斗中承认了自己的恐惧。故选D。
C
In autumn of 1975, two mothers in Lyme, Connecticut, were desperate for answers their doctors could not provide. Their families and others in the Lyme area were suffering from a mysterious(神秘的)illness. Two doctors from Yale, Allan Steere and Stephen Malawista, began an investigation that would result in a groundbreaking medical discovery.
The doctors began by conducting individual examinations of each patient. They found patients of all ages were suffering from a set of symptoms (症状) rarely observed together. Blood samples revealed no virus that offered a clue about the cause. However, they found fruitful information in their interviews with patients: one quarter of them recalled a skin rash (皮疹) with a bull’s-eye pattern about four weeks before other symptoms arose.
Armed with this new clue, the Department of Health worked with the Yale doctors, conducting surveys to learn where the disease was most widely seen. It seemed that the majority of patients lived in heavily wooded areas, who spent a good deal of time outdoors, gardening, landscaping, or playing. The symptoms were nearly always experienced for the first time during summer. Crucially, some recalled having been bitten by a tick (蝉), which feeds mostly on the blood of mammals and birds.
By 1977 investigators confirmed that the deer tick was responsible. But no one could say why it was causing the illness or how patients could be treated. In 1982, a scientist named Willy Burgdorfer discovered a specific type of bacteria (细菌), carried by the deer tick, which was causing the disease. But how did the deer tick acquire the bacteria in the first place? Finally, scientists determined that the ticks picked up the bacteria from their hosts. As its name suggests, the deer tick often feeds on deer, carriers of the Lyme disease bacteria. Scientists concluded that the bacteria passed from wildlife to ticks to humans. All lived closely among one another in the area.
How could a disease from a common parasite（寄生虫）spring up so suddenly? Many areas of the northeast, including Lyme, were once farmland. The farmland was replanted with trees. After the forest grew in, the area was then developed with houses. Gradually, neighborhoods pushed deeper into the habitat of deer ticks and, more importantly, the wildlife they fed upon. As humans encountered more ticks, they became more likely to contract the disease.
One of the remaining mysteries about Lyme disease is where and when it truly began. This puzzle may never be solved. Today, Lyme disease——if caught early—is easily treated with antibiotics, thanks to the hard work of many scientists, doctors, and patients.
38. Which of the following method helped Dr. Steere and Dr. Malawista most?
A. Conducting patient interviews. B. Carrying out a field survey.
C. Studying patients’ blood samples. D. Separating patients into age groups.
39. From the passage, we can learn that _______.
A. deer ticks were first carriers of the Lyme disease bacteria
B. patients’ remembrance of tick bites was vital to the medical discovery
C. Lyme disease spread because deer ticks and humans both fed on deer
D. Lyme disease is less common now because people spend less time outdoors
40. What do the underlined words “spring up” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Worsen. B. Return.
C. Appear. D. Decrease.
41. Which of the following would be the best tide for the passage?
A. A Desperate Need B. An Unsolved Puzzle
C. A Medical Mystery D. An Effective Treatment
【答案】38. A 39. B 40. C 41. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了科学家们致力于研究一种神秘的疾病—莱姆病，最终找到这种疾病的来源、出现的原因及治疗方法。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“However, they found fruitful information in their interviews with patients: one quarter of them recalled a skin rash (皮疹)with a bull’s-eye pattern about four weeks before other symptoms arose.”（然而，他们在病人的采访中发现了大量有效的信息：四分之一的人回忆起一种牛眼样式的皮疹，大约在其他症状出现的四周之前。）可知，采访病人这种方法对Dr. Steere 和Dr. Malawista的研究起到了极大的帮助。故选A。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Crucially, some recalled having been bitten by a tick (蜱), which feeds mostly on the blood of mammals and birds.”（重要地是，一些人回忆起了被蜱咬过，这种蜱多数以哺乳动物和鸟类的血液为食。）可知，病人回忆起被蜱咬过这件事对医学发现非常重要。其他三项文中均未提及。故选B。
【40题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第五段内容：人们生活的区域与鹿蜱和鹿蜱赖以生存的野生动物越来越近。及关键句“As humans encountered more ticks, they became more likely to contract the disease.”（随着人们遇到更多的蜱，他们变得更有可能感染这种疾病。）可知，第五段在解释这种疾病是如何出现的。故推测划线词所在句子“How could a disease from a common parasite（寄生虫）spring up so suddenly?”意为一种来自寄生虫的疾病是怎样突然出现的呢？因此推测spring up意为突然出现。Appear意为“出现”。故选C。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了科学家们致力于研究一种神秘的疾病—莱姆病，最终找到这种疾病的来源、出现的原因及治疗方法。根据第一段的关键词“mysterious(神秘的)illness.”和最后一段的关键词“the remaining mysteries about Lyme disease”可知，本文最合适的标题是一种神秘的疾病。故选C。
【点睛】词义猜测题要求考生在阅读过程中，根据选材、背景及上下文等线索，推测出生词（短语）意义。常用的方法是根据上下文内容进行句意的推测。如本文第三小题。通过阅读划线短语所在句子的下文可知，下文讲解了莱姆病出现在人类身上的原因，故推测划线词所在句子“How could a disease from a common parasite（寄生虫）spring up so suddenly?”意为一种来自寄生虫的疾病是怎样突然出现的呢？进而推测spring up是“出现”的意思。最后选出正确答案。
D
If there’s one cliche（陈词滥调）that really annoys Danah Boyd, a specialist researcher who has made a career from studying the way teenagers use the web, it’s that of the digital native. “Today the world has computer-mediated communications. Thus, in order to learn about their social world around them, teenagers are learning about those things too. And they’re using that to work out the stuff that kids have always worked out： peer（同龄人）sociality, status, etc.” she says.
It’s no surprise Boyd takes exception, really. As one of the first digital anthropologists to dig into the way teenagers use social networking sites, she gained insights into the social web by taking a closer look at what was going on.
Lately, her work has been about explaining new ways of interpreting the behavior we see online. She outlined some examples at a recent conference in San Francisco, including the case of a young man from one of the poorest districts of Los Angeles who was applying for a top American college. The applicant said he wanted to escape the influence of violence, but the admissions officer was shocked when he discovered that the boy's MySpace page was covered with precisely the violent language he claimed to hate. “Why was he lying about his motivations?” asked the university. “He wasn't, ” said Boyd. “In his world, showing the right images online was a key part of surviving daily life.”
Understanding what’s happening online is especially important, for today’s teenagers have a vastly different approach to privacy from their parents. She says, “Adults think of the home as a very private space. That’s often not the case for teenagers because they have little or no control over who has access to it, or under what conditions. As a result, the online world can feel more private because it feels like there's more control.”
The concept of control is central to Boyd's work, and it applies to pointing out the true facts about teenage behavior. Boyd suggests control remains in the same places as it always did.
“Technologists all go for the idea of techno・utopia （乌托邦）, the web as great democratizer （民主 化）”，she says. “But we’re not actually democratizing the whole system； we’re just shifting the way in which we discriminate.”
It’s a call to arms that most academic researchers would tend to sidestep, but then Boyd admits to treading a fine line between academics and activists. “The questions I continue to want to ask are the things that are challenging to me；having to sit down and be forced to think about uncomfortable social stuff, and it’s really hard to get my head around it, which means it’s exactly what I should dive in and deal with, ” she says.
42. What does Danah Boyd think of “computer-mediated communications”?
A. They teach teenagers about social interaction.
B. They replace other sorts of social interaction for teenagers.
C. They are necessary for teenagers to have social interaction.
D. They are barriers to wider social interaction among teenagers.
43. Why does Danah Boyd cite the example of the Los Angeles college applicant?
A. To show how easy it is to investigate somebody's online activity.
B. To illustrate how easy it is to misinterpret an individual online activity.
C. To prove how important it is to check the content of someone's online activity.
D. To express how necessary it is to judge someone's sincerity from his online activity.
44. Danah Boyd argues in Paragraph 4 that _______.
A. teenagers feel more private in the online world than in the home
B. teenagers are less concerned about privacy than their parents
C. parents tend not to respect teenagers'
need for online privacy
D. parents value the idea of privacy less in a domestic environment
45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Danah Boyd _______.
A. is willing to take on research challenges others would avoid
B. regards herself as being more of an activist than a researcher
C is aware that she is lacking in ability to deal with the challenges
D. feels like abandoning the research into uncomfortable social stuff
【答案】42. C 43. B 44. A 45. A
【解析】
本文是议论文。数字人类学家Danah Boyd深入研究青少年使用社交网站方式，她指出：青少年在网络上的行为很容易被误解，他们在网络世界里隐私感更强。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中Danah Boyd 所说的话“Today the world has computer-mediated communications. Thus, in order to learn about their social world around them, teenagers are learning about those things too.（今天，世界已经有了以计算机为媒介的通信。因此，为了了解他们周围的社会世界，青少年也在学习这些东西。）”由此判断出，Danah Boyd认为“以计算机为媒介的通信”是青少年了解周围的社会所必要的。故选C项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。文章第三段举出一位来自洛杉矶最贫困地区的年轻人申请美国顶尖大学的例子。“The applicant said he wanted to escape the influence of violence, but the admissions officer was shocked when he discovered that the boy’s MySpace page was covered with precisely the violent language he claimed to hate. “Why was he lying about his motivations?” asked the university.“He wasn’t, ” said Boyd. “In his world, showing the right images online was a key part of surviving daily life.” （申请人说他想逃离暴力的影响，但是当招生官发现男孩的MySpace页面上满是他声称讨厌的那些暴力语言时，他感到非常震惊。“他为什么对自己的动机撒谎?”所申请的大学问。“他没有（撒谎），” Boyd说。“在他的世界里，在网上展示正确的图片是日常生活的一个关键部分” ）”。在Boyd举出的例子中，那个男孩申请的大学对他在网上的行为有所误解，认为他撒谎。但是Boyd认为那个男孩没有撒谎，他在网上的那些有暴力语言的图片反映了他在日常生活中是怎样生存的。因此可以推断，Boyd举出这个例子是为了说明一个人的网上活动是多么容易被误解。故选B项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。第四段中提到“Adults think of the home as a very private space. That's often not the case for teenagers because they have little or no control over who has access to it, or under what conditions.（成年人认为家是一个非常私人的空间。对于青少年来说，情况往往不是这样，因为他们很少能或根本无法控制谁或者在什么条件下会进入（他们的隐私空间）；根据“As a result, the online world can feel more private because it feels like there's more control.”。（因此，（对于他们来说），网络世界隐私感更强，因为他们感觉有了更多的控制。）”可知，青少年在网络世界中感觉比在家里更有隐私感。故选A项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…most academic researchers would tend to sidestep, but then …‘The questions I continue to want to ask are the things that are challenging to me；…it’s really hard to get my head around it, which means it's exactly what I should dive in and deal with,’”，Danah Boyd 认为大多数学术研究人员都倾向于回避，但是她觉得这些问题对她来说是挑战。
这些问题很难理解，而这正是她应该深入研究探讨的。因此可以推断，Boyd愿意接受其他人可能会回避的挑战。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项 为多余选项。
The Buy Nothing Movement
Social media, magazines and shop windows bombard（猛轰）people daily with things to buy, and British consumers are buying more clothes than ever before. The average person spends more than £ 1,000 on new clothes a year, which might not sound like much. ___46___ A lot of consumer spending is by means of credit cards. British people currently owe about £670 per adult to credit card companies. Also, people are spending money they haven't earned to buy things they don't need. Britain throws away 300,000 tons of clothing a year, most of which goes into landfill（垃圾填 埋地）sites.
___47___But charity shops can't sell all those unwanted clothes. A lot of clothes that charities can't sell are sent abroad, causing even more economic and environmental problems.
___48___The idea originated in Canada in the early 1990s and then moved to the US. On Buy Nothing Day people organise various types of protests and cut up their credit cards. Throughout the year, Buy Nothing groups organise the exchange and repair of items they already own.
The trend has now reached influencers on social media who now encourage their viewers not to buy anything at all for periods as long as a year. Two friends in Canada spent a year working towards buying only food. For the first three months they learned how to live without buying electrical goods, clothes or things for the house. For the next stage, they gave up services, for example, haircuts, eating out or buying petrol for their cars. ___49___
The changes they made meant two fewer cars on the roads, a reduction in plastic and paper packaging and a positive impact on the environment from all the energy saved. ___50___But even if you can't manage a full year without going shopping, you can participate in the anti-consumerist movement by refusing to buy things you don't need.
A. In one year, they'd saved $55,000.
B. If everyone followed a similar plan, the results would be impressive.
C. Online shopping means it is easy for customers to buy without thinking.
D. Second-hand clothes are often of too poor quality to recycle in charity shops.
E. But that figure hides two far more worrying trends for society and for the environment
F. However, a different trend arises in opposition to consumerism—the ' buy nothing' trend.
G. People might not realise the problems because they donate their unwanted clothes to charities.
【答案】46. E 47. G 48. F 49. A 50. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国如今消费者购买了比以往更多地衣服，但是自己并不需要这些衣服的社会现象，同时这一现象也带来了社会和环境方面的担忧。
【46题详解】
根据下文“A lot of consumer spending is by means of credit cards. Also, people are spending money they haven't earned to buy things they don't need.”和“Britain throws away 300,000 tons of clothing a year, most of which goes into landfill（垃圾填埋地）sites.”可知，人们买衣服时使用信用卡超前消费，同时每年也会有30万吨的衣服进入垃圾站，是对E项（但是这个数字背后隐藏了令社会和环境担忧的问题。）提出问题的具体解释说明。故选E项。
【47题详解】
根据下文“But charity shops can't sell all those unwanted clothes.A lot of clothes that charities can't sell are sent abroad, causing even more economic and environmental problems.”可知，慈善商店把那些不能售卖的服装运到国外，这会引起更多的经济和环境问题。承接上文，推出G项（因为人们把不需要的衣服都捐给慈善团体，并没有意识到那些问题。）切题，该选项中的the problems对应下文中的economic and environmental problems.。故选G项。
【48题详解】
根据下文“The idea originated in Canada in the early 1990s and then moved to the US. On Buy Nothing Day people organise various types of protests and cut up their credit cards. Throughout the year, Buy Nothing groups organise the exchange and repair of items they already own.”可知整个段落谈论的是关于“Buy Nothing Day”观念的起源和发展方式，而F项（然而与消费主义相反的另一种趋势“不买”正在凸显。”）提出“Buy Nothing Day”观念。故选F项。
【49题详解】
根据上文“Two friends in Canada spent a year working towards buying only food. For the first three months they learned how to live without buying electrical goods, clothes or things for the house. For the next stage, they gave up services, for example, haircuts, eating out or buying petrol for their cars.”可知这两个朋友用一年的时间分二个阶段拒绝购买除食物之外的其他商品，而A项（一年时间，他们节省了$55,000）是这两个朋友节约行为产生的结果即节省了$55,000。故选A项。
【50题详解】
根据上文“The changes they made meant two fewer cars on the roads, a reduction in plastic and paper packaging and a positive impact on the environment from all the energy saved.”可知这两个朋友所做的改变意味着路上车变少、塑料袋和纸袋使用量会下降，对节约能源有积极的影响。而B项(如果每个人都执行这种方法，那结局会让人印象深刻)是上文产生的前提条件。故选B项。
【点睛】七选五要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。所以懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有用。如第2小题，根据下文“But charity shops can't sell all those unwanted clothes.A lot of clothes that charities can't sell are sent abroad, causing even more economic and environmental problems.”可知，慈善商店把那些不能售卖的服装运到国外，这会引起更多的经济和环境问题。承接上文，推出G项（因为人们把不需要的衣服都捐给慈善团体，并没有意识到那些问题。）切题，该选项中的the problems对应下文中的economic and environmental problems.。故选G项。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节（15分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim在你的视频博客（Vlog）上看到你做中餐的视频，很感兴趣并表示也想学做中国美食，发来邮件询问。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 推荐一道中国菜或饭；
2. 推荐理由。
注意：1 .词数不少于50；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I am glad that you are interested in Chinese food. As is known to all, Chinese food focuses on diversified color, aromatic flavor, and excellent taste. Since you're just starting out cooking Chinese food, I'd like to recommend noodles with tomato egg sauce to you. The reasons are as follows.
Firstly, it is a traditional Chinese dish, and especially popular with people who don't have much time to cook. In addition, its cooking method is very easy. Finally and most importantly, just as its name implies, it only needs three ingredients: noodles, tomatoes and eggs, which are common and easy to come by in our daily life.
You can refer to the detailed cooking steps on the vlog I posted a few days ago. I hope you can successfully make this delicious dish! If you have any questions, do let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求给朋友回一封邮件。
【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim在你的视频博客（Vlog）上看到你做中餐的视频，很感兴趣并表示也想学做中国美食，发来邮件询问。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 推荐一道中国菜或饭； 2. 推荐理由。
第二步：根据写作要求确定关键词（组），如：diversified color, aromatic flavor, excellent taste, recommend, traditional Chinese dish, ingredients, cooking steps.
第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Firstly, it is a traditional Chinese dish, and especially popular with people who don't have much time to cook.和it only needs three ingredients: noodles, tomatoes and eggs, which are common and easy to come by in our daily life. 运用了限制性定语从句；it only needs three ingredients: noodles, tomatoes and eggs, which are common and easy to come by in our daily life.中运用了非限制性定语从句；I hope you can successfully make this delicious dish!运用了宾语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
第二节
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,为校刊“英语园地” 写一篇短文,讲述上周你校高三年级举行趣味运动会的过程。
注意：词数不少于60。

提示词:趣味运动会fun sports meeting 二人三足 three-legged race
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Last week, our grade held a fun sports meeting aiming to relieve us senior three students from pressure and heavy school work.
On Monday morning, we were told that a fun sports meeting would be held on the school playground on Friday afternoon. Upon hearing the news, I, together with my best friend, registered for the three-legged race excitedly.
The three-legged race required effective cooperation between teammates. Thus, during the following days, we practised the game after school. Under the guidance of our classmate, we mastered the skills and got prepared.
Then came the big day. With my left foot and my friend's right foot tied together, we set out quickly as soon as our PE teacher blew his whistle. Arm in arm, we managed to run fast at the same pace. The playground was filled with our schoolmate’s laughter and cheers. A few minutes later, we crossed the finishing line. We did a really good job and won the first prize. Standing on the platform, we felt proud and excited with the thunderous applause from our classmates.
By getting involved in the game, we got not only a little leisure from our busy school life but the joy of working together with others.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于图画作文。要求学生一篇短文，讲述上周你校高三年级举行趣味运动会的过程。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：记叙文。
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时。
结构：总分法。
要求：
1. 讲述上周你校高三年级举行趣味运动会的过程。
2. 词数不少于60。
第二步：列提纲（重点短语）
aiming to；registered for；filled with；felt proud and excited；getting involved in
第三步：连词成句
1.Last week, our grade held a fun sports meeting aiming to relieve us senior three students from pressure and heavy school work.
2. Upon hearing the news, I, together with my best friend, registered for the three-legged race excitedly.
3. The playground was filled with our schoolmate’s laughter and cheers.
4. Standing on the platform, we felt proud and excited with the thunderous applause from our classmates.
5. By getting involved in the game, we got not only a little leisure from our busy school life but the joy of working together with others.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇
1.表示文章结构顺序：活动的时间；活动的地点；活动的内容；活动的意义
2. 表示并列补充关系：Upon ；together with；Thus
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯。复合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多的高端句式，如非谓语动词：Standing on the platform, we felt proud and excited with the thunderous applause from our classmates.；Upon hearing the news, I, together with my best friend, registered for the three-legged race excitedly.；宾语从句：On Monday morning, we were told that a fun sports meeting would be held on the schoolplayground on Friday afternoon…等。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。