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山东省烟台市2020届高三高考适应性练习（一）英语试题
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2020年高考适应性练习(一)
英语试题
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，只交答题卡。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Long Island’s hiking routes offer an escape for family time or your own mental or physical health. There’s lots to see, so open your senses because it's a relaxing thing to do in a stressful time.
Sagamore Hill, Oyster Bay
Walk along the same path that President Theodore Roosevelt walked with his family and guests. Sagamore Hill, now a national park, was once the summer home of the 26th president. The expansive property has a nature path through thick woodlands where hikers can walk over a little bridge over a stream. It’s a short, three-quarter-mile path through oak and tulip trees.
INFO: Open sunrise to sunset daily year-round; free; 516-922-4788.
Blydenburgh County Park, Hauppauge
The east side of the park is flat, making the walk very kid-friendly. The west side is a bit more hilly, but both have splendid water views of the pond. On the east side is also the rowboat area and benches, as well as picnic tables.
When you’re at Blydenburgh County Park, go in the north entrance off Route 347, where the main office of the Greenbelt Trail Conference is situated. The office, also the start of the routes, provides information and maps.
INFO: Dawn to dusk; 631-854-3712. No fee collected from the main gate in the fall and winter.
Tackapausha Preserve, Seaford
The preserve has self-guided routes for the public and is a fun walk for kids with a stop at the museum to complete the visit. Guided walks at the museum are available with advance reservations for organizations and school groups. The paths are flat, well-maintained and clearly marked, with a pond with bridges and a waterfall along the way. It’s a great place to bring your family to bird watch, enjoy animals and connect with nature.
INFO: Free and open sunrise to sunset; 516-571-7443.
1. What is Sagamore Hill probably famous for?
A. A nature path.
B. A little bridge.
C. The thick woodlands.
D. A president’s summer home.
2. What do Blydenburgh County Park and Tackapausha Preserve have in common?
A. They are free.
B. They have water views.
C. They have picnic service.
D. They favor the elderly.
3. What should a group of students do for a better visit to the museum in Tackapausha Preserve?
A. Book guided walks.
B. Take a new route.
C. Make additional payment.
D. Consult museum guides.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
本文是应用文。文章介绍了长岛上的几条徒步旅行线路。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Sagamore Hill, Oyster Bay线路介绍中Sagamore Hill, now a national park, was once the summer home of the 26th president.可知，Sagamore Hill曾经是美国第26任总统的避暑别墅。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。Blydenburgh County Park线路介绍中提到but both have splendid water views of the pond.(两边都有漂亮的池塘水景)和Hauppauge Tackapausha Preserve, Seaford线路介绍中提到with a pond with bridges and a waterfall along the way.(沿路有一个带桥的池塘和瀑布)可知，两条线路的共同点是都可以看到池塘等水景。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tackapausha Preserve, Seaford线路的介绍中Guided walks at the museum are available with advance reservations for organizations and school groups.可知，学校团体可提前预约，有导游带领参观博物馆。故选A项。
B
The unique ocean animals were discovered by a team of scientists led by Dr. Christine Dudgeon from Australia’s University of Queensland during a 12 year global conservation study.
The newly-found sharks have evolved (进化) to survive in low oxygen environments, enabling them to hunt during low tides. The researchers believe their ability to use their fins (鰭) to walk affords the sharks a remarkable edge over the smaller animals they try to hunt. “While they are super hunters in their shallow habitat, the tiny sharks present no threat to people,” says Dudgeon. “At less than a meter long on average, they’re incredibly cute little animals that do not look like sharks at all,” she adds.
A DNA analysis of skin samples from the live fish suggests that walking sharks broke away from their original population and became a distinct species about nine million years ago. Though that may appear to be a long time ago, it is relatively recent given that sharks have been around for more than 400 million years. In fact, Dudgeon and her team believe walking sharks are the youngest kind of sharks on Earth!
The researchers say that the sharks’ small numbers and small habitat make them extremely vulnerable (易受伤害) to natural disasters and overfishing. They are currently on the Nature Red List, which lists species at risk. Dudgeon and her team believe sensible conservation management plans are urgently needed to protect the walking sharks and other endangered animals from further threats.
4. What is the most noticeable feature of the newly-found sharks?
A. They are cute and harmless to humans.
B. They can survive in their shallow habitat.
C. They walk on their fins across the seafloor.
D. They are the youngest kind of sharks on Earth.
5. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The evolution of the shark.
B. The behavior of the sharks.
C. The population of the sharks.
D. The DNA samples of the sharks.
6. What should be done without delay according to Dudgeon and her team?
A Adjusting the methods of fishing.
B. Putting the sharks on the Nature Red List.
C. Changing the sharks’ living environments.
D. Adopting necessary measures to protect the sharks.
7. In which column of a website can we read the text?
A. Environment. B. Nature.
C. Education. D. Geography.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了研究人员在澳大利亚北部附近海域发现了一种靠鳍行走的鲨鱼及其相关的保护措施。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据首段首句A shark that walks in water instead of swimming might sound like a creature straight out of science fiction. However, that is precisely how the fish — found in the waters off Northern Australia — moves across the seafloor. (在水里行走而不是游泳的一条鲨鱼，听起来就像是科幻小说中的一种生物。然而，这正是在澳大利亚北部海域发现的鱼的穿过海底的移动方式)及第二段The researchers believe their ability to use their fins (鰭) to walk affords the sharks a remarkable edge over the smaller animals they try to hunt.(研究人员认为，它们利用鳍行走的能力使鲨鱼比它们试图捕猎的小动物具有显著的优势)可知，新发现的鲨鱼最明显的特征是用鳍在海底行走。故选C。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段讲述了对活鱼皮肤样本的DNA分析表明，活鲨鱼脱离了原来的种群，大约在900万年前成为一个独特的物种。尽管那可能是很久以前的事，但是相对来说是最近的，考虑到鲨鱼已经存在了4亿多年。事实上，Dudgeon和她的团队相信行走的鲨鱼是地球上最年轻的鲨鱼！因此推断第三段主要讲述鲨鱼的进化。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据末段Dudgeon and her team believe sensible conservation management plans are urgently needed to protect the walking sharks and other endangered animals from further threats.(Dudgeon和她的团队认为，迫切需要明智的保护管理计划来保护行走的鲨鱼和其他濒危动物免受进一步的威胁)可知，迫切需要做的是采取必要措施保护鲨鱼。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章首段首句A shark that walks in water instead of swimming might sound like a creature straight out of science fiction. However, that is precisely how the fish — found in the waters off Northern Australia — moves across the seafloor.(在水里行走而不是游泳的一条鲨鱼，听起来就像是科幻小说中的一种生物。然而，这正是在澳大利亚北部海域发现的鱼的穿过海底的移动方式)可知，文章的主要讲述在澳大利亚北部附近海域发现了一种靠鳍行走的鲨鱼。由此推知，在网站的自然栏目中，我们可以阅读这篇文章。故选B。
【点睛】在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。如第4小题，要求推断“我们可以在网站的哪个栏目阅读这篇文章？”根据文章首段首句A shark that walks in water instead of swimming might sound like a creature straight out of science fiction. However, that is precisely how the fish — found in the waters off Northern Australia — moves across the seafloor.(在水里行走而不是游泳的一条鲨鱼，听起来就像是科幻小说中的一种生物。然而，这正是在澳大利亚北部海域发现的鱼的穿过海底的移动方式)可知，文章的主要讲述在澳大利亚北部附近海域发现了一种靠鳍行走的鲨鱼。由此推知，在网站的自然栏目中，我们可以阅读这篇文章。故选B。
C
The Tokyo Summer Olympics is going green. The 5,000 medals Japan has made are more special than most.
One novel focus of the Tokyo Olympics is to be“sustainable”—to avoid using too many natural resources, so that the games are easy on the environment. As part of this goal, the organizers decided to make all of the Olympic medals out of metal recycled from old electronics.
Almost all electronics are made with small amounts of "precious metals", like gold and silver. But collecting enough of these metals to make 5,000 medals was a huge challenge. That's because the amount of metal in each device is tiny. It would take about 20,000 cell phones to get just 1 kilogram of gold.
Beginning in April 2017, the organizers placed collection boxes around the country, and asked people to turn in their old electronic devices. Soon people began to respond to the initiative, turning in smartphones, digital cameras, hand-held games, and laptops. At first, collection went slowly, but soon more and more areas began to take part. By the end, 1,621 local governments had helped out with the collection process.
Then came the job of breaking those devices down into smaller pieces. After being taken apart and sorted, the small electronics were smelted (熔炼) to get all the gold, silver, and bronze elements. This is a tricky job, which calls for careful attention and good skill. It's also dangerous, because some of the metals and other things aren't safe for people to touch or breathe.
By the end of March, 2019, the organizers had hit their targets of getting enough metal for the medals. They had collected around3xkilograms of gold, 4,100 kilograms of silver and 2,200 kilograms of bronze. And now all the 5,000 medals are available for the would-be winners.
8. What can we know about the Tokyo Olympics medals?
A. They are hugely valuable.
B. They are of high quality.
C. They are designed uniquely.
D. They are made from e-waste.
9. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
A. The difficulty of making the medals.
B. The process of collecting old electronics.
C. The initiative to recycle used smartphones.
D. The classification of the collected devices.
10. The underlined word “tricky”in Paragraph 5 means“ ”.
A. creative B. well-paid
C. demanding D. time-consuming
11. What's the purpose of Tokyo's way of making the medals?
A. To advocate sustainable use of resources.
B. To promote the spirit of Olympic Games.
C. To introduce a new technique to make medals.
D. To call people's attention to environmental damage.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了东京夏运会奖牌将采用回收的电子垃圾制作而成，以及该活动的目的意义。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段As part of this goal, the organizers decided to make all of the Olympic medals out of metal recycled from old electronics.(作为这一目标的一部分，组织者决定用旧电子产品回收的金属制成所有的奥运奖牌。)可知，东京奥运会金牌是由电子废料制成的。故选D。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段内容可知，从2017年4月开始，组织者在全国各地放置了收集箱，并要求人们上交他们的旧电子设备。很快，人们开始对倡议做出反应，上交智能手机、数码相机、手持游戏和笔记本电脑。起初，收集工作进展缓慢，但很快越来越多的地区开始参与。 到目前为止，已有1621个地方政府提供了帮助。因此推断本段主要讲述了收集旧电子产品的过程。故选B。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线句后的which calls for careful attention and good skill. It's also dangerous, because some of the metals and other things aren't safe for people to touch or breathe.
可知，这需要细心地关注和良好的技能，这也是危险的，因为一些金属和其他东西对于人们的触摸和呼吸是不安全的。因此推断这是一个要求高的工作。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段One novel focus of the Tokyo Olympics is to be“sustainable”—to avoid using too many natural resources可知东京奥运会的一个新焦点是“可持续发展的”——避免使用太多的自然资源。因此推断 东京制作这种奖牌的目的是倡导资源可持续利用。故选A。.
【点睛】在阅读中我们经常会考查猜测词义或句意题。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。运用逻辑推理猜测词义或句意是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式，这要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各种已知信息）并结合具体的语境推测、判断某些词或短语的词义。例如第3小题，根据划线句后的which calls for careful attention and good skill. It's also dangerous, because some of the metals and other things aren't safe for people to touch or breathe.可知，这需要细心地关注和良好的技能，这也是危险的，因为一些金属和其他东西对于人们的触摸和呼吸是不安全的。因此推断这是一个要求高的工作。故选C。
D
Over the last 25 years, psychologists have found that personalities center on five basic traits(特性) — the Big Five: agreeableness, conscientiousness (责任心), neuroticism, extroversion and openness. Contrary to common belief, people just aren’t organized into certain personality types. Every trait is a continuous dimension and everyone can be described as having varying levels of each trait. A new research has also found animals from ants to apes all have the Big Five and that the universality of personality points to an evolutionary (进化) origin.
Animals and humans have common problems of survival, which are spelled out beautifully in the Big Five, and that’s why there’s so much continuity in human personality and animal personality. For example, conscientiousness involves behaviors like planning and consideration, which are important among animals for taking care of their young, selecting mates and living in groups. Being neat and orderly — aspects of conscientiousness-also has evolutionary superiority. Bees that like to keep clean and remove more dead group members reduce risk of disease, gain more weight and reproduce more Spiders that make tidy webs catch more insects. Birds that build neater and solider nests attract more mates.
These behaviors may seem primitive, but they’re nevertheless indications of personality. Personality is the expression of all of the behaviors that humans and animals exhibit that allow them to function adaptively in the world.
Evolution can also explain why personalities vary so much. Depending on the situation, each of the Big Five can be advantageous. For example, agreeableness is great for relationships. But if a lion were charging at you, you’d be better off with a less agreeable and more aggressive personality. Because the world is so unpredictable, every aspect of each personality trait could be useful at different times, so instead of evolving a single type of personality that’s best for every situation, we’re left with a wide variety.
12. What do people generally think about personality types?
A. Different personality types have respective strengths.
B. Everyone falls into a particular personality type.
C. People with common personality types gather,
D. Everyone has mixed personality types.
13. What’s the purpose of mentioning some animals in Paragraph 2?
A. To illustrate the advantages of being conscientious.
B. To analyze survival chances of cooperative animals.
C. To explain why they are tidy and orderly.
D. To throw new light on their behavior.
14. Why do we display a certain personality in a specific situation?
A. To be free of trouble.
B. To be adaptive to circumstances.
C. To compete for equal rights.
D. To gain advantages over others.
15. What does the text mainly focus on?
A. Personality and behavior.
B. Categories of Big Five.
C. Contradictory facts on personality.
D. Diversity and variability of personality.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。在过去的25年里，心理学家发现，人格主要集中在五种基本特征上——大五类人格：宜人性、尽责性、神经质、外向性和开放性。研究还发现，从蚂蚁到猿类，所有动物都有大五人格，这种个性的普遍性指向了一个进化起源。每种人格特征的每个方面都可能在不同的时间有用，所以我们没有进化出一种适合每种情况的单一人格类型，而是留下了多种多样的个性。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中Contrary to common belief, people just aren’t organized into certain personality types. (与普遍的看法相反，人们并不是按照特定的性格类型组织起来的)可推知，人们通常认为每个人都属于某种特定的性格类型。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的Animals and humans have common problems of survival, which are spelled out beautifully in the Big Five, and that’s why there’s so much continuity in human personality and animal personality. (动物和人类都有共同的生存问题，这在大五类人格中被完美地阐述了出来，这就是为什么人类和动物的人格具有如此多的连续性)及随后提到了一些动物的例子可推知，在第二段中提到一些动物的目的是为了对它们的行为进行新的解释。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Depending on the situation, each of the Big Five can be advantageous. For example, agreeableness is great for relationships. But if a lion were charging at you, you’d be better off with a less agreeable and more aggressive personality. (视情况而定，大五类人格中的每一个都可能是有利的。例如，宜人性对人际关系很重要。但如果狮子向你冲来，你最好选择一个不那么随和、更具攻击性的个性)可推知，我们表现出特定的个性是为了适应特定的环境。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Over the last 25 years, psychologists have found that personalities center on five basic traits(特性) — the Big Five: agreeableness, conscientiousness (责任心), neuroticism, extroversion and openness.(在过去的25年里，心理学家发现，人格主要集中在五种基本特征上——大五类人格：宜人性、尽责性、神经质、外向性和开放性)及最后一段中的Because the world is so unpredictable, every aspect of each personality trait could be useful at different times, so instead of evolving a single type of personality that’s best for every situation, we’re left with a wide variety. (因为世界是如此不可预测，每种人格特征的每个方面都可能在不同的时间有用，所以我们没有进化出一种适合每种情况的单一人格类型，而是留下了多种多样的个性)可知，文章主要论述了人格的多样性和可变性。故选D。
【点睛】在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。如第1小题，What do people generally think about personality types?要求判断出人们通常怎么看待性格类型。根据第一段中的Contrary to common belief, people just aren’t organized into certain personality types. (与普遍的看法相反，人们并不是按照特定的性格类型组织起来的)可推知，人们通常认为每个人都属于某种特定的性格类型。故选B
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ever since the University of Bologna in Haly was founded in 1088 as the first modern university, most people have associated great universities,with major cities.___16___
Colleges and universities in the U.S.,though, have followed a different pattern. To be sure, leading universities such as the University of Chicago and Columbia University in New York City call major urban centers home.___17___In some cases, the university is, for all practical
purposes, the whole town.
___18___ Many early colleges and universities were founded by religious (宗教的) groups that sought to educate students far from the distractions of city life. When Harvard University was founded in 1636 by Congregationalist Church ministers, Cambridge, where the university is now located, was quite separate from Boston. Moreover, when the U.S. began building a network of public universities in the 1860s to bring agricultural and technical research and know-how to the westward- spreading frontier, most were located in small towns. ___19___
Given the huge diversity of U.S. higher education, the message for international students shopping for a great university is doubled.___20___Don't be put off if you have never heard of the city or town where a school is located. Top-rated colleges and universities located in lesser
known places may amaze you in an unimaginable manner with their high quality and a significant number of their international students
A. Bloomington is also a great college town.
B. Think the Sorbonne in Paris or Peking University.
C. Set your sights beyond the most well-known schools.
D. One reason: there were no major cities there at the time.
E. There was no better recipe for popularity than small campuses.
F. Part of the explanation for this lies in America's distinctive history.
G. But many are located in cities and towns most people have never heard of.
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. F 19. D 20. C
【解析】
本文是说明文。大多数人都将伟大的大学和大城市联系在一起。文章介绍了美国是另外一种模式，许多主要大学在小城市，并解释了其历史原因，建议国际学生在选择大学时考虑。
【16题详解】
上文Ever since the University of Bologna in Haly was founded in 1088 as the first modern university, most people have associated great universities,with major cities.阐述自从1088年哈利的博洛尼亚大学作为第一所现代大学成立以来，大多数人都把伟大的大学与主要城市联系起来，说明重点大学都在大城市里，因此推断B项“想想巴黎的索邦或北京大学。”符合语境，举例解释上文内容。故选B。
【17题详解】
空格上文Colleges and universities in the U.S.,though, have followed a different pattern.讲述美国的高校遵循了不同的模式，也就是重点大学并不在大城市里，空格下文In some cases, the university is, for all practical purposes, the whole town.说明，在某些情况下，大学是整个镇子，空格处承上启下，因此推断G项“但许多都位于大多数人从未听说过的城镇。” 符合题意，故选G。
【18题详解】
根据下文内容可知，下文讲述了许多早期的学院和大学是由宗教团体建立的，这些团体试图教育学生远离城市生活的干扰。哈佛大学建在相当独立的波士顿。此外，当美国在19世纪60年代开始建立公立大学时，大多数位于小城镇。因此推断本段主要介绍美国大学不位于大城市的历史原因。因此推断，F项“部分原因在于美国独特的历史。”符合题意，故选F。
【19题详解】
空格上文Moreover, when the U.S. began building a network of public universities in the 1860s to bring agricultural and technical research and know-how to the westward- spreading frontier, most were located in small towns.可知，此外，当美国在19世纪60年代开始建立公立大学网络，将农业和技术研究以及专门知识向西扩展边疆时，大多数都位于小城镇。可推断D项“一个原因是当时那里没有大城市。”符合题意，介绍在小城市建立大学的原因。故选D。
【20题详解】
空格上文Given the huge diversity of U.S. higher education, the message for international students shopping for a great university is doubled.阐述考虑到美国高等教育的巨大多样性，寻找一所好学校的国际学生信息增加了一倍。下文Don't be put off if you have never heard of the city or town where a school is located.阐述如果你从未听说过学校所在的城市或城镇，不要疏远。因此推断C项“让你的视野超越最著名的学校。”符合题意，说明不要只是考虑大城市的学校，故选C。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节，(共15小题:小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文质各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a child, I lived on a college campus with my parents. Their students often visited and did jigsaw puzzles (拼图) with me, for which I quickly discovered my___21___.I would sit alone for hours____22____building a puzzle. My college “friends” would be____23____next time they came.
Soon I___24___ up from 500-piece puzzles to my highest ___25___:a 3,000-piece one. I was so___26___at the thought of tearing it apart that I moved the finished puzzle___27___ onto a large board and kept it as it was until we moved away and I ___28___ playing with puzzles.
Recently I can't help but___29___my old days, when I could spend hours looking at small, oddly shaped cardboard pieces and ____30____them into appropriately spaced positions, enjoying myself.
I now live in a world of divided____31____, constantly jumping from one form of entertainment to another.____32____，I dislike it when I open my phone to send a quick text, but only to find myself, an hour later, clicking on countless YouTube videos that leave no impression on me. I miss being someone who didn't____33____ to be bombed with so many flashy external stimuli to be ____34____ .
I think a puzzle or two would force me to be another version of myself, a less impatient one. When I get home this summer, I'll____35____ the box of old toys somewhere in our basement. Maybe I'll find what I'm looking for.
21. A. concern B. destination C. balance D. love
22. A. dreaming of B. concentrating on C. complaining about D. hesitating about
23. A. embarrassed B. impressed C. confused D. relieved
24. A. leveled B. mixed C. showed D. sped
25. A. challenge B. design C. achievement D. champion
26. A. guilty B. light-hearted C. silly D. heartbroken
27. A. at random B. with care C. on occasion D. step by step
28. A. quit B. continued C. escaped D. forbade
29. A. analyse B. regret C. recall D. doubt
30. A. placing B. rolling C. pushing D. dragging
31. A. attention B. communication C. information D. opinions
32. A. Thankfully B. Honestly C. Additionally D. Interestingly
33. A. fail B. afford C. need D. offer
34. A. admired B. connected C. disturbed D. entertained
35. A. take over B. breaks up C. search through D. put away
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
本文是一篇记述文。文章主要讲述了作者以前对拼图非感兴趣，后来因为生活在忙碌的分散注意力的世界里非常怀念以前的拼图游戏。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的学生经常和我一起玩拼图游戏，我很快就发现了我的喜好。A. concern担心，忧虑；B. destination目的地；C. balance平衡；D. love喜好，爱。由下文的“I would sit alone for hours ________ building a puzzle.”可知，作者对拼图非常喜欢。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我会一个人坐上好几个小时专心做拼图游戏。A. dreaming of梦想；B. concentrating on专注于；C. complaining about对……抱怨；D. hesitating about对……犹豫。由上文的“I would sit alone for hours”和下文的“Soon I ______ up from 500-piece puzzles to my highest ______:a 3,000-piece one.”可知，此处指作者一个人坐上好几个小时专心做拼图游戏。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的大学“朋友”下次来时一定会印象深刻。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. impressed印象深刻的；C. confused困惑的；D. relieved放心的。由上文的“I would sit alone for hours________building a puzzle.”可知，作者对拼图如此感兴趣，所以当他的大学“朋友”下次来时一定会印象深刻。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，我从500个拼图升级到我的最高成就：3000个拼图。A. leveled使同等；B. mixed使混合；C. showed展示，说明；D. sped促进，快速运动。根据“a 3,000-piece one. ”level up是固定短语，意为“升级”，表示通过提高来达到某种水平，符合语境。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久，我从500个拼图升级到我的最高成就：3000个拼图。A. challenge挑战；B. design设计；C. achievement成就；D. champion冠军。由上下文内容可知，此处指升级到最高成就。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到要把它撕成碎片，我就心碎了，于是我小心翼翼地把完成的拼图移到一块大木板上，保持原样，直到我们搬走，我才停止玩拼图。A. guilty内疚的，有罪的；B. light-hearted无忧无虑的，轻松的；C. silly愚蠢的；D. heartbroken悲伤的。由下文的“at the thought of tearing it apart”可知，一想到要把自己好不容易完成的拼图撕成碎片，作者当然会感到悲伤。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：一想到要把它撕成碎片，我就心碎了，于是我小心翼翼地把完成拼图移到一块大木板上，保持原样，直到我们搬走，我才停止玩拼图。A. at random随便地；B. with care小心地；C. on occasion有时，偶尔；D. step by step逐步地。由下文的“kept it as it was until we moved away”并结合语境可知，此处指作者小心翼翼地把完成的拼图移到一块大木板上。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一想到要把它撕成碎片，我就心碎了，于是我小心翼翼地把完成的拼图移到一块大木板上，保持原样，直到我们搬走，我才停止玩拼图。A. quit停止，放弃；B. continued继续；C. escaped逃避；D. forbade禁止。由下文的“Recently I can't help but ______ my old days, when I could spend hours looking at small, oddly shaped cardboard pieces”可知，作者搬走以后就不再玩拼图了。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，我忍不住回忆起我以前的日子，那时我可以花几个小时看着形状奇特的小纸板，把它们放在适当的间隔位置来享受。A. analyse分析；B. regret后悔，遗憾；C. recall回想起；D. doubt怀疑。由下文的“my old days, when I could spend hours looking at small, oddly shaped cardboard pieces”可知，此处指作者回忆起他以前的日子。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，我忍不住回忆起我以前的日子，那时我可以花几个小时看着形状奇特的小纸板，把它们放在适当的间隔位置来享受。A. placing放置；B. rolling转动；C. pushing推动；D. dragging拖拉。由上文的“I moved the finished puzzle______ onto a large board”并结合语境可知，此处指作者把它们放在适当的间隔位置来享受。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在生活在一个注意力分散的世界里，不断地从一种娱乐形式跳到另一种。A. attention注意力；B. communication交流；C. information信息；D. opinions观点，看法。由上文的“I would sit alone for hours ________ building a puzzle.”和下文的“constantly jumping from one form of entertainment to another”可知，作者以前对拼图非常感兴趣，但现在生活在一个注意力分散的世界里。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：诚实地说，我不喜欢打开手机发短信，但一个小时后，我发现自己点击了无数YouTube视频，却没有给我留下任何印象。A. Thankfully感激地；B. Honestly真诚地；C. Additionally此外；D. Interestingly有趣地。由下文内容可知，此处指诚实地说，作者不喜欢现在的生活模式。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想成为一个不需要被这么多浮华的外部刺激轰炸来娱乐的人。A. fail失败；B. afford买得起，给予；C. need需要，必要；D. offer提供。由语境并结合选项知，此处指作者想成为一个不需要被这么多浮华的外部刺激轰炸来娱乐的人。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想成为一个不需要被这么多浮华外部刺激轰炸来娱乐的人。A. admired钦佩；B. connected连接，联系；C. disturbed打扰；D. entertained娱乐。由上文的“constantly jumping from one form of entertainment to another”可知，此处指作者想成为一个不需要被这么多浮华的外部刺激轰炸来娱乐的人。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：今年夏天我回家时，我会在地下室的某个地方搜寻那盒旧玩具。A. take over接管，接收；B. breaks up破碎，结束；C. search through搜寻；D. put away储存，抛弃。由下文的“Maybe I'll find what I'm looking for.”可知，此处指地下室的某个地方搜寻那盒旧玩具。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People of all ages are concerned about the spread of the coronavirus, and teenagers, as a group, tend to experience intense fearfulness. Accordingly, their growing anxiety should be taken into___36___ (consider) seriously. Adults can help by making sure teens don't overestimate the dangers___37___underestimate their ability to protect themselves.
Anxiety can be ___38___(health). But not all teens know that it typically acts ___39___ a useful and protective emotion. Adults can encourage teenagers to channel their discomfort into useful action, such as learning about and following the ___40___(recommend) health guidelines.
We can also remind teenagers that we should wash our hands and follow other heath recommendations not only___41___(protect) ourselves, but also to help to ease the stress. Adults can note that___42___(make) personal sacrifices(牺牲)- such as postponing a vacation or staying home if we're not feeling well helps to reduce the chance of carrying illness into our own communities.
Teenagers who are feeling___43___(high) anxious about Covid-19 should ___44___(encourage) to take a break from seeking, or even accidentally encountering, information about the virus. ____45____ we can do is to encourage finding distractions, such as doing their homework or watching a favorite show, to protect them from noticing the increasing virus figures.
【答案】36. consideration
37. or 38. healthy
39. as 40. recommended
41. to protect
42. making 43. highly
44. be encouraged
45. What
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何来处理年轻人间因新冠肺炎导致的焦虑。
【36题详解】
考查固定短语。句意: 因此，他们日益增长的焦虑应该被认真对待。take sth. into consideration 译为“将……考虑在内”是固定短语。故填consideration。
【37题详解】
考查连词。句意：成年人可以通过确保青少年不高估危险或低估他们保护自己的能力来帮助他们。分析句子，don't overestimate the dangers 和 underestimate their ability 之间表示选择。故填or。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：焦虑可能是健康的。分析句子，be动词后用形容词作表语。故需将提示词改为形容词。故填healthy。
【39题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：但并不是所有的青少年都知道它通常是一种有用的保护性情绪。act as 译为“担当，作为”。是固定短语。故填as。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：成年人可以鼓励青少年把他们的不适转化为有用的行动，比如学习和遵循推荐的健康指南。分析句子，分句部分缺主语，故提示词需用非谓语动词。又因为recommend和逻辑主语health guidelines 表示被动关系。故填recommended。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们还可以提醒青少年，我们应该洗手和遵循其他健康建议，不仅保护自己，也有助于缓解压力。分析句子，提示词protect所处的句中已有动词follow。故提示词需用非谓语动词。根据句意，此处表示目的译为“为了”。故填to protect。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：成年人可以注意到，做出个人牺牲---比如推迟假期或者如果我们感觉不舒服就呆在家里---有助于减少将疾病带入我们自己社区的机会。分析句子，去掉中间的插入语（such as postponing a vacation or staying home if we're not feeling well）后可知，句中除了提示词外，还有动词helps。故make需要用非谓语动词。又因简单句部分缺主语，所以用doing形式充当主语。故填making。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：对新冠肺炎高度焦虑的青少年。分析句意，根据词性相互修饰，副词修饰形容词。anxious（焦虑的）是形容词。high也可做副词修饰形容词，但high强调的是具体的高度。而此处强调抽象的高度。故填highly。
【44题详解】
考查情态动词的被动语态。句意：对Covid-19感到高度焦虑的青少年应该鼓励他们休息一下。分析句子，情态动词should后应该用动词原形。但该提示词的逻辑主语是teenagers，它和动词encourage之间表示被动。故填be encouraged。
【45题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：我们所能做的就是鼓励人们寻找干扰因素，比如做家庭作业或看自己喜欢的节目，以防止他们注意到病毒数量的增加。分析句子，划线后面出现了两个动词can do 和is，所以此处需填引导词。划线处属于名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句部分缺can do 的宾语。所以此处需填连接代词。分析句意，此处缺“什么”。故填What。
第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46.假定你是李华，计划寒假期间到学校实践基地参加为期一周的劳动实践活动。请给你的留学生朋友Frank写封邮件，邀请他起参加。 内容包括:
1.活动安排和内容。
2.活动的意义。
注意:
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.信的开头已为你写好。
Dear Frank,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Frank，
We plan to participate in the weeklong labor practice in the school field base scheduled from August 1to8. I'm writing to invite you to join us.
The base offers free accommodations and various activities.Participants can learn to do outdoor work like farming or gardening.The art of making tea, which interests you very much， is also taught.What attracts me most is that we'll learn to raise animals such as goats or rabbits.
In the practice, we can experience the value of labor and expose ourselves to a wide range of practical skills, which will surely benefit us.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求以李华的身份给留学生朋友Frank写一封邀请信。邀请他寒假期间到学校实践基地参加为期一周的劳动实践活动。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文。
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
结构：总分法。
要求：
1.活动安排和内容。
2.活动的意义。
第二步：列提纲（重点短语）
participate in；learn to do；experience the value of labor
第三步：连词成句
1.We plan to participate in the weeklong labor practice in the school field base
2.Participants can learn to do outdoor work like farming or gardening.
3.In the practice, we can experience the value of labor and expose ourselves to a wide range of practical skills, which will surely benefit us.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇
1.表示文章结构顺序：提出邀请；活动内容和意义；盼望回复
2.表示并列补充关系：and；such as ；In the practice
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯。复合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多的高端句式，如定语从句：The art of making tea, which interests you very much，is also taught；主语从句:What attracts me most is that we'll learn to raise animals such as goats or rabbits…等。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。
第二节（满分25分）
47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
On a Saturday afternoon in Wichita Falls, Texas, three kids talked and laughed happily as they took turns riding a scooter (滑板车) on their quiet street. 11-year-old TJ Smith had just jumped off the scooter as his neighbors Kim, age 7, claimed her turn, and Julie, 9, looked on. Ten minutes later, Kim sat down on the scooter to catch her breath, That was when a bearded man with a head of messy hair appeared. The kids didn't see where he came from, but they saw exactly what happened next: Without saying a word, the man picked Kim up off the scooter and calmly stepped away.
The guy held Kim gently like a baby and just walked down the street In fact, the calm way the man behaved led TJ to believe that he must be a relative of Kim's. But something wasn't right.“I could see Kim's face," TJ said.“She was scared.
As the man walked on, Kim's fear transformed into weeps, and then she cried for help. She began kicking and moving, trying to get free of the man's control.“What are you doing?" Julie shouted. But the man, undisturbed, just walked the length of the block until he reached an alley(小巷) and disappeared.
TJ was frightened, yet he never thought about the danger to himself. The only thing he wanted to do was to get Kim back. But what was a 4-foot-tall kid going to do to stop a grown man?“I wanted to help_but I couldn't do it myself," he thought to himself. “Tell Kim's parents, Julie!” He shouted as he started running towards the alley.
Kim's parents were relaxing on the sofa in their living room when their front door burst open.
Paragraph 1:“A bad guy just picked Kim up and took her away!”yelled Julie.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:At that very moment. Kim's parents arrived.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】“A bad guy just picked Kim up and took her away!”yelled Julie.So shocked were Kim's parents that they jumped up from the sofa and rushed over to Julie.Learning what had happened, they phoned the police without delay. The next moment, they jumped into their car and drove off directed by Julie.By then TJ had reached the alley, but the man was nowhere to be seen.“I must find Kim, ”TJ said to himself.Her an along the alley to the end，where he spotted the man walking towards a white house.“Stop!Stop!”With these words, he charged at the guy fearlessly and held fast to Kim.However hard the guy tried to get rid of TJ, TJ wouldn't give in.
At that very moment Kim's parents arrived.“Help!Help!”TJ shouted.Immediately Kim's father took off toward the guy. Seeing this, the guy hurriedly let go of Kim and broke into a run. Kim's father dashed up, caught hold of him and pressed him to the ground.Kim ran crying into her mother's arms. Minutes later, the police arrived and arrested the guy.TJ breathed a sigh of relief and smiled happily.TJ's quick thinking and bravery saved a little girl in the neighborhood from unimaginable consequences.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，11岁的TJ,7岁的Kim和9岁的Julie在安静的街道玩滑板车。一个满头蓬乱长胡子的男人突然出现将Kim抱走。TJ和Julie开始想办法营救Kim。
【详解】续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：Julie大喊道：“坏人把Kim带走了。”所以后面应该写Kim的父母听到这一消息之后的反应以及他们所采取的行动。给出的内容提示当Kim被带走后，TJ唯一的想法就是怎么去营救她。所以本段也应该提及，在Julie去告诉Kim父母期间，TJ是如何行动的。有什么进展。第二段写道在那个时候，Kim的父母赶到了。所以第一段最后应该是提及TJ的营救到了关键时刻。
第二段开头写道正在这时，Kim的父母赶到了。所以接下来应该写他们是如何与坏人斗争，将Kim从坏人手中夺回来。最后要写坏人被警察逮捕，绳之以法。TJ和Julie的勇敢行为得到了大家的赞赏。
最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右，按要求完成写作任务。
【点睛】本文描写故事完整，逻辑合理。续写文与前文做到了内容上的衔接。时态正确，语言详略得当，心理活动与动作描写生动，如描写Kim的父亲抓坏人使用了一系列动词，dashed up, caught hold of him and pressed him很精彩地描写了当时激烈的场景。
英语试题
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，只交答题卡。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Long Island’s hiking routes offer an escape for family time or your own mental or physical health. There’s lots to see, so open your senses because it's a relaxing thing to do in a stressful time.
Sagamore Hill, Oyster Bay
Walk along the same path that President Theodore Roosevelt walked with his family and guests. Sagamore Hill, now a national park, was once the summer home of the 26th president. The expansive property has a nature path through thick woodlands where hikers can walk over a little bridge over a stream. It’s a short, three-quarter-mile path through oak and tulip trees.
INFO: Open sunrise to sunset daily year-round; free; 516-922-4788.
Blydenburgh County Park, Hauppauge
The east side of the park is flat, making the walk very kid-friendly. The west side is a bit more hilly, but both have splendid water views of the pond. On the east side is also the rowboat area and benches, as well as picnic tables.
When you’re at Blydenburgh County Park, go in the north entrance off Route 347, where the main office of the Greenbelt Trail Conference is situated. The office, also the start of the routes, provides information and maps.
INFO: Dawn to dusk; 631-854-3712. No fee collected from the main gate in the fall and winter.
Tackapausha Preserve, Seaford
The preserve has self-guided routes for the public and is a fun walk for kids with a stop at the museum to complete the visit. Guided walks at the museum are available with advance reservations for organizations and school groups. The paths are flat, well-maintained and clearly marked, with a pond with bridges and a waterfall along the way. It’s a great place to bring your family to bird watch, enjoy animals and connect with nature.
INFO: Free and open sunrise to sunset; 516-571-7443.
1. What is Sagamore Hill probably famous for?
A. A nature path.
B. A little bridge.
C. The thick woodlands.
D. A president’s summer home.
2. What do Blydenburgh County Park and Tackapausha Preserve have in common?
A. They are free.
B. They have water views.
C. They have picnic service.
D. They favor the elderly.
3. What should a group of students do for a better visit to the museum in Tackapausha Preserve?
A. Book guided walks.
B. Take a new route.
C. Make additional payment.
D. Consult museum guides.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
本文是应用文。文章介绍了长岛上的几条徒步旅行线路。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Sagamore Hill, Oyster Bay线路介绍中Sagamore Hill, now a national park, was once the summer home of the 26th president.可知，Sagamore Hill曾经是美国第26任总统的避暑别墅。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。Blydenburgh County Park线路介绍中提到but both have splendid water views of the pond.(两边都有漂亮的池塘水景)和Hauppauge Tackapausha Preserve, Seaford线路介绍中提到with a pond with bridges and a waterfall along the way.(沿路有一个带桥的池塘和瀑布)可知，两条线路的共同点是都可以看到池塘等水景。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tackapausha Preserve, Seaford线路的介绍中Guided walks at the museum are available with advance reservations for organizations and school groups.可知，学校团体可提前预约，有导游带领参观博物馆。故选A项。
B
The unique ocean animals were discovered by a team of scientists led by Dr. Christine Dudgeon from Australia’s University of Queensland during a 12 year global conservation study.
The newly-found sharks have evolved (进化) to survive in low oxygen environments, enabling them to hunt during low tides. The researchers believe their ability to use their fins (鰭) to walk affords the sharks a remarkable edge over the smaller animals they try to hunt. “While they are super hunters in their shallow habitat, the tiny sharks present no threat to people,” says Dudgeon. “At less than a meter long on average, they’re incredibly cute little animals that do not look like sharks at all,” she adds.
A DNA analysis of skin samples from the live fish suggests that walking sharks broke away from their original population and became a distinct species about nine million years ago. Though that may appear to be a long time ago, it is relatively recent given that sharks have been around for more than 400 million years. In fact, Dudgeon and her team believe walking sharks are the youngest kind of sharks on Earth!
The researchers say that the sharks’ small numbers and small habitat make them extremely vulnerable (易受伤害) to natural disasters and overfishing. They are currently on the Nature Red List, which lists species at risk. Dudgeon and her team believe sensible conservation management plans are urgently needed to protect the walking sharks and other endangered animals from further threats.
4. What is the most noticeable feature of the newly-found sharks?
A. They are cute and harmless to humans.
B. They can survive in their shallow habitat.
C. They walk on their fins across the seafloor.
D. They are the youngest kind of sharks on Earth.
5. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The evolution of the shark.
B. The behavior of the sharks.
C. The population of the sharks.
D. The DNA samples of the sharks.
6. What should be done without delay according to Dudgeon and her team?
A Adjusting the methods of fishing.
B. Putting the sharks on the Nature Red List.
C. Changing the sharks’ living environments.
D. Adopting necessary measures to protect the sharks.
7. In which column of a website can we read the text?
A. Environment. B. Nature.
C. Education. D. Geography.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了研究人员在澳大利亚北部附近海域发现了一种靠鳍行走的鲨鱼及其相关的保护措施。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据首段首句A shark that walks in water instead of swimming might sound like a creature straight out of science fiction. However, that is precisely how the fish — found in the waters off Northern Australia — moves across the seafloor. (在水里行走而不是游泳的一条鲨鱼，听起来就像是科幻小说中的一种生物。然而，这正是在澳大利亚北部海域发现的鱼的穿过海底的移动方式)及第二段The researchers believe their ability to use their fins (鰭) to walk affords the sharks a remarkable edge over the smaller animals they try to hunt.(研究人员认为，它们利用鳍行走的能力使鲨鱼比它们试图捕猎的小动物具有显著的优势)可知，新发现的鲨鱼最明显的特征是用鳍在海底行走。故选C。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段讲述了对活鱼皮肤样本的DNA分析表明，活鲨鱼脱离了原来的种群，大约在900万年前成为一个独特的物种。尽管那可能是很久以前的事，但是相对来说是最近的，考虑到鲨鱼已经存在了4亿多年。事实上，Dudgeon和她的团队相信行走的鲨鱼是地球上最年轻的鲨鱼！因此推断第三段主要讲述鲨鱼的进化。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据末段Dudgeon and her team believe sensible conservation management plans are urgently needed to protect the walking sharks and other endangered animals from further threats.(Dudgeon和她的团队认为，迫切需要明智的保护管理计划来保护行走的鲨鱼和其他濒危动物免受进一步的威胁)可知，迫切需要做的是采取必要措施保护鲨鱼。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章首段首句A shark that walks in water instead of swimming might sound like a creature straight out of science fiction. However, that is precisely how the fish — found in the waters off Northern Australia — moves across the seafloor.(在水里行走而不是游泳的一条鲨鱼，听起来就像是科幻小说中的一种生物。然而，这正是在澳大利亚北部海域发现的鱼的穿过海底的移动方式)可知，文章的主要讲述在澳大利亚北部附近海域发现了一种靠鳍行走的鲨鱼。由此推知，在网站的自然栏目中，我们可以阅读这篇文章。故选B。
【点睛】在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。如第4小题，要求推断“我们可以在网站的哪个栏目阅读这篇文章？”根据文章首段首句A shark that walks in water instead of swimming might sound like a creature straight out of science fiction. However, that is precisely how the fish — found in the waters off Northern Australia — moves across the seafloor.(在水里行走而不是游泳的一条鲨鱼，听起来就像是科幻小说中的一种生物。然而，这正是在澳大利亚北部海域发现的鱼的穿过海底的移动方式)可知，文章的主要讲述在澳大利亚北部附近海域发现了一种靠鳍行走的鲨鱼。由此推知，在网站的自然栏目中，我们可以阅读这篇文章。故选B。
C
The Tokyo Summer Olympics is going green. The 5,000 medals Japan has made are more special than most.
One novel focus of the Tokyo Olympics is to be“sustainable”—to avoid using too many natural resources, so that the games are easy on the environment. As part of this goal, the organizers decided to make all of the Olympic medals out of metal recycled from old electronics.
Almost all electronics are made with small amounts of "precious metals", like gold and silver. But collecting enough of these metals to make 5,000 medals was a huge challenge. That's because the amount of metal in each device is tiny. It would take about 20,000 cell phones to get just 1 kilogram of gold.
Beginning in April 2017, the organizers placed collection boxes around the country, and asked people to turn in their old electronic devices. Soon people began to respond to the initiative, turning in smartphones, digital cameras, hand-held games, and laptops. At first, collection went slowly, but soon more and more areas began to take part. By the end, 1,621 local governments had helped out with the collection process.
Then came the job of breaking those devices down into smaller pieces. After being taken apart and sorted, the small electronics were smelted (熔炼) to get all the gold, silver, and bronze elements. This is a tricky job, which calls for careful attention and good skill. It's also dangerous, because some of the metals and other things aren't safe for people to touch or breathe.
By the end of March, 2019, the organizers had hit their targets of getting enough metal for the medals. They had collected around3xkilograms of gold, 4,100 kilograms of silver and 2,200 kilograms of bronze. And now all the 5,000 medals are available for the would-be winners.
8. What can we know about the Tokyo Olympics medals?
A. They are hugely valuable.
B. They are of high quality.
C. They are designed uniquely.
D. They are made from e-waste.
9. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
A. The difficulty of making the medals.
B. The process of collecting old electronics.
C. The initiative to recycle used smartphones.
D. The classification of the collected devices.
10. The underlined word “tricky”in Paragraph 5 means“ ”.
A. creative B. well-paid
C. demanding D. time-consuming
11. What's the purpose of Tokyo's way of making the medals?
A. To advocate sustainable use of resources.
B. To promote the spirit of Olympic Games.
C. To introduce a new technique to make medals.
D. To call people's attention to environmental damage.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了东京夏运会奖牌将采用回收的电子垃圾制作而成，以及该活动的目的意义。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段As part of this goal, the organizers decided to make all of the Olympic medals out of metal recycled from old electronics.(作为这一目标的一部分，组织者决定用旧电子产品回收的金属制成所有的奥运奖牌。)可知，东京奥运会金牌是由电子废料制成的。故选D。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段内容可知，从2017年4月开始，组织者在全国各地放置了收集箱，并要求人们上交他们的旧电子设备。很快，人们开始对倡议做出反应，上交智能手机、数码相机、手持游戏和笔记本电脑。起初，收集工作进展缓慢，但很快越来越多的地区开始参与。 到目前为止，已有1621个地方政府提供了帮助。因此推断本段主要讲述了收集旧电子产品的过程。故选B。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线句后的which calls for careful attention and good skill. It's also dangerous, because some of the metals and other things aren't safe for people to touch or breathe.
可知，这需要细心地关注和良好的技能，这也是危险的，因为一些金属和其他东西对于人们的触摸和呼吸是不安全的。因此推断这是一个要求高的工作。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段One novel focus of the Tokyo Olympics is to be“sustainable”—to avoid using too many natural resources可知东京奥运会的一个新焦点是“可持续发展的”——避免使用太多的自然资源。因此推断 东京制作这种奖牌的目的是倡导资源可持续利用。故选A。.
【点睛】在阅读中我们经常会考查猜测词义或句意题。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。运用逻辑推理猜测词义或句意是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式，这要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各种已知信息）并结合具体的语境推测、判断某些词或短语的词义。例如第3小题，根据划线句后的which calls for careful attention and good skill. It's also dangerous, because some of the metals and other things aren't safe for people to touch or breathe.可知，这需要细心地关注和良好的技能，这也是危险的，因为一些金属和其他东西对于人们的触摸和呼吸是不安全的。因此推断这是一个要求高的工作。故选C。
D
Over the last 25 years, psychologists have found that personalities center on five basic traits(特性) — the Big Five: agreeableness, conscientiousness (责任心), neuroticism, extroversion and openness. Contrary to common belief, people just aren’t organized into certain personality types. Every trait is a continuous dimension and everyone can be described as having varying levels of each trait. A new research has also found animals from ants to apes all have the Big Five and that the universality of personality points to an evolutionary (进化) origin.
Animals and humans have common problems of survival, which are spelled out beautifully in the Big Five, and that’s why there’s so much continuity in human personality and animal personality. For example, conscientiousness involves behaviors like planning and consideration, which are important among animals for taking care of their young, selecting mates and living in groups. Being neat and orderly — aspects of conscientiousness-also has evolutionary superiority. Bees that like to keep clean and remove more dead group members reduce risk of disease, gain more weight and reproduce more Spiders that make tidy webs catch more insects. Birds that build neater and solider nests attract more mates.
These behaviors may seem primitive, but they’re nevertheless indications of personality. Personality is the expression of all of the behaviors that humans and animals exhibit that allow them to function adaptively in the world.
Evolution can also explain why personalities vary so much. Depending on the situation, each of the Big Five can be advantageous. For example, agreeableness is great for relationships. But if a lion were charging at you, you’d be better off with a less agreeable and more aggressive personality. Because the world is so unpredictable, every aspect of each personality trait could be useful at different times, so instead of evolving a single type of personality that’s best for every situation, we’re left with a wide variety.
12. What do people generally think about personality types?
A. Different personality types have respective strengths.
B. Everyone falls into a particular personality type.
C. People with common personality types gather,
D. Everyone has mixed personality types.
13. What’s the purpose of mentioning some animals in Paragraph 2?
A. To illustrate the advantages of being conscientious.
B. To analyze survival chances of cooperative animals.
C. To explain why they are tidy and orderly.
D. To throw new light on their behavior.
14. Why do we display a certain personality in a specific situation?
A. To be free of trouble.
B. To be adaptive to circumstances.
C. To compete for equal rights.
D. To gain advantages over others.
15. What does the text mainly focus on?
A. Personality and behavior.
B. Categories of Big Five.
C. Contradictory facts on personality.
D. Diversity and variability of personality.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。在过去的25年里，心理学家发现，人格主要集中在五种基本特征上——大五类人格：宜人性、尽责性、神经质、外向性和开放性。研究还发现，从蚂蚁到猿类，所有动物都有大五人格，这种个性的普遍性指向了一个进化起源。每种人格特征的每个方面都可能在不同的时间有用，所以我们没有进化出一种适合每种情况的单一人格类型，而是留下了多种多样的个性。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中Contrary to common belief, people just aren’t organized into certain personality types. (与普遍的看法相反，人们并不是按照特定的性格类型组织起来的)可推知，人们通常认为每个人都属于某种特定的性格类型。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的Animals and humans have common problems of survival, which are spelled out beautifully in the Big Five, and that’s why there’s so much continuity in human personality and animal personality. (动物和人类都有共同的生存问题，这在大五类人格中被完美地阐述了出来，这就是为什么人类和动物的人格具有如此多的连续性)及随后提到了一些动物的例子可推知，在第二段中提到一些动物的目的是为了对它们的行为进行新的解释。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Depending on the situation, each of the Big Five can be advantageous. For example, agreeableness is great for relationships. But if a lion were charging at you, you’d be better off with a less agreeable and more aggressive personality. (视情况而定，大五类人格中的每一个都可能是有利的。例如，宜人性对人际关系很重要。但如果狮子向你冲来，你最好选择一个不那么随和、更具攻击性的个性)可推知，我们表现出特定的个性是为了适应特定的环境。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Over the last 25 years, psychologists have found that personalities center on five basic traits(特性) — the Big Five: agreeableness, conscientiousness (责任心), neuroticism, extroversion and openness.(在过去的25年里，心理学家发现，人格主要集中在五种基本特征上——大五类人格：宜人性、尽责性、神经质、外向性和开放性)及最后一段中的Because the world is so unpredictable, every aspect of each personality trait could be useful at different times, so instead of evolving a single type of personality that’s best for every situation, we’re left with a wide variety. (因为世界是如此不可预测，每种人格特征的每个方面都可能在不同的时间有用，所以我们没有进化出一种适合每种情况的单一人格类型，而是留下了多种多样的个性)可知，文章主要论述了人格的多样性和可变性。故选D。
【点睛】在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。如第1小题，What do people generally think about personality types?要求判断出人们通常怎么看待性格类型。根据第一段中的Contrary to common belief, people just aren’t organized into certain personality types. (与普遍的看法相反，人们并不是按照特定的性格类型组织起来的)可推知，人们通常认为每个人都属于某种特定的性格类型。故选B
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ever since the University of Bologna in Haly was founded in 1088 as the first modern university, most people have associated great universities,with major cities.___16___
Colleges and universities in the U.S.,though, have followed a different pattern. To be sure, leading universities such as the University of Chicago and Columbia University in New York City call major urban centers home.___17___In some cases, the university is, for all practical
purposes, the whole town.
___18___ Many early colleges and universities were founded by religious (宗教的) groups that sought to educate students far from the distractions of city life. When Harvard University was founded in 1636 by Congregationalist Church ministers, Cambridge, where the university is now located, was quite separate from Boston. Moreover, when the U.S. began building a network of public universities in the 1860s to bring agricultural and technical research and know-how to the westward- spreading frontier, most were located in small towns. ___19___
Given the huge diversity of U.S. higher education, the message for international students shopping for a great university is doubled.___20___Don't be put off if you have never heard of the city or town where a school is located. Top-rated colleges and universities located in lesser
known places may amaze you in an unimaginable manner with their high quality and a significant number of their international students
A. Bloomington is also a great college town.
B. Think the Sorbonne in Paris or Peking University.
C. Set your sights beyond the most well-known schools.
D. One reason: there were no major cities there at the time.
E. There was no better recipe for popularity than small campuses.
F. Part of the explanation for this lies in America's distinctive history.
G. But many are located in cities and towns most people have never heard of.
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. F 19. D 20. C
【解析】
本文是说明文。大多数人都将伟大的大学和大城市联系在一起。文章介绍了美国是另外一种模式，许多主要大学在小城市，并解释了其历史原因，建议国际学生在选择大学时考虑。
【16题详解】
上文Ever since the University of Bologna in Haly was founded in 1088 as the first modern university, most people have associated great universities,with major cities.阐述自从1088年哈利的博洛尼亚大学作为第一所现代大学成立以来，大多数人都把伟大的大学与主要城市联系起来，说明重点大学都在大城市里，因此推断B项“想想巴黎的索邦或北京大学。”符合语境，举例解释上文内容。故选B。
【17题详解】
空格上文Colleges and universities in the U.S.,though, have followed a different pattern.讲述美国的高校遵循了不同的模式，也就是重点大学并不在大城市里，空格下文In some cases, the university is, for all practical purposes, the whole town.说明，在某些情况下，大学是整个镇子，空格处承上启下，因此推断G项“但许多都位于大多数人从未听说过的城镇。” 符合题意，故选G。
【18题详解】
根据下文内容可知，下文讲述了许多早期的学院和大学是由宗教团体建立的，这些团体试图教育学生远离城市生活的干扰。哈佛大学建在相当独立的波士顿。此外，当美国在19世纪60年代开始建立公立大学时，大多数位于小城镇。因此推断本段主要介绍美国大学不位于大城市的历史原因。因此推断，F项“部分原因在于美国独特的历史。”符合题意，故选F。
【19题详解】
空格上文Moreover, when the U.S. began building a network of public universities in the 1860s to bring agricultural and technical research and know-how to the westward- spreading frontier, most were located in small towns.可知，此外，当美国在19世纪60年代开始建立公立大学网络，将农业和技术研究以及专门知识向西扩展边疆时，大多数都位于小城镇。可推断D项“一个原因是当时那里没有大城市。”符合题意，介绍在小城市建立大学的原因。故选D。
【20题详解】
空格上文Given the huge diversity of U.S. higher education, the message for international students shopping for a great university is doubled.阐述考虑到美国高等教育的巨大多样性，寻找一所好学校的国际学生信息增加了一倍。下文Don't be put off if you have never heard of the city or town where a school is located.阐述如果你从未听说过学校所在的城市或城镇，不要疏远。因此推断C项“让你的视野超越最著名的学校。”符合题意，说明不要只是考虑大城市的学校，故选C。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节，(共15小题:小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文质各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a child, I lived on a college campus with my parents. Their students often visited and did jigsaw puzzles (拼图) with me, for which I quickly discovered my___21___.I would sit alone for hours____22____building a puzzle. My college “friends” would be____23____next time they came.
Soon I___24___ up from 500-piece puzzles to my highest ___25___:a 3,000-piece one. I was so___26___at the thought of tearing it apart that I moved the finished puzzle___27___ onto a large board and kept it as it was until we moved away and I ___28___ playing with puzzles.
Recently I can't help but___29___my old days, when I could spend hours looking at small, oddly shaped cardboard pieces and ____30____them into appropriately spaced positions, enjoying myself.
I now live in a world of divided____31____, constantly jumping from one form of entertainment to another.____32____，I dislike it when I open my phone to send a quick text, but only to find myself, an hour later, clicking on countless YouTube videos that leave no impression on me. I miss being someone who didn't____33____ to be bombed with so many flashy external stimuli to be ____34____ .
I think a puzzle or two would force me to be another version of myself, a less impatient one. When I get home this summer, I'll____35____ the box of old toys somewhere in our basement. Maybe I'll find what I'm looking for.
21. A. concern B. destination C. balance D. love
22. A. dreaming of B. concentrating on C. complaining about D. hesitating about
23. A. embarrassed B. impressed C. confused D. relieved
24. A. leveled B. mixed C. showed D. sped
25. A. challenge B. design C. achievement D. champion
26. A. guilty B. light-hearted C. silly D. heartbroken
27. A. at random B. with care C. on occasion D. step by step
28. A. quit B. continued C. escaped D. forbade
29. A. analyse B. regret C. recall D. doubt
30. A. placing B. rolling C. pushing D. dragging
31. A. attention B. communication C. information D. opinions
32. A. Thankfully B. Honestly C. Additionally D. Interestingly
33. A. fail B. afford C. need D. offer
34. A. admired B. connected C. disturbed D. entertained
35. A. take over B. breaks up C. search through D. put away
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
本文是一篇记述文。文章主要讲述了作者以前对拼图非感兴趣，后来因为生活在忙碌的分散注意力的世界里非常怀念以前的拼图游戏。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的学生经常和我一起玩拼图游戏，我很快就发现了我的喜好。A. concern担心，忧虑；B. destination目的地；C. balance平衡；D. love喜好，爱。由下文的“I would sit alone for hours ________ building a puzzle.”可知，作者对拼图非常喜欢。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我会一个人坐上好几个小时专心做拼图游戏。A. dreaming of梦想；B. concentrating on专注于；C. complaining about对……抱怨；D. hesitating about对……犹豫。由上文的“I would sit alone for hours”和下文的“Soon I ______ up from 500-piece puzzles to my highest ______:a 3,000-piece one.”可知，此处指作者一个人坐上好几个小时专心做拼图游戏。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的大学“朋友”下次来时一定会印象深刻。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. impressed印象深刻的；C. confused困惑的；D. relieved放心的。由上文的“I would sit alone for hours________building a puzzle.”可知，作者对拼图如此感兴趣，所以当他的大学“朋友”下次来时一定会印象深刻。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，我从500个拼图升级到我的最高成就：3000个拼图。A. leveled使同等；B. mixed使混合；C. showed展示，说明；D. sped促进，快速运动。根据“a 3,000-piece one. ”level up是固定短语，意为“升级”，表示通过提高来达到某种水平，符合语境。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久，我从500个拼图升级到我的最高成就：3000个拼图。A. challenge挑战；B. design设计；C. achievement成就；D. champion冠军。由上下文内容可知，此处指升级到最高成就。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到要把它撕成碎片，我就心碎了，于是我小心翼翼地把完成的拼图移到一块大木板上，保持原样，直到我们搬走，我才停止玩拼图。A. guilty内疚的，有罪的；B. light-hearted无忧无虑的，轻松的；C. silly愚蠢的；D. heartbroken悲伤的。由下文的“at the thought of tearing it apart”可知，一想到要把自己好不容易完成的拼图撕成碎片，作者当然会感到悲伤。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：一想到要把它撕成碎片，我就心碎了，于是我小心翼翼地把完成拼图移到一块大木板上，保持原样，直到我们搬走，我才停止玩拼图。A. at random随便地；B. with care小心地；C. on occasion有时，偶尔；D. step by step逐步地。由下文的“kept it as it was until we moved away”并结合语境可知，此处指作者小心翼翼地把完成的拼图移到一块大木板上。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一想到要把它撕成碎片，我就心碎了，于是我小心翼翼地把完成的拼图移到一块大木板上，保持原样，直到我们搬走，我才停止玩拼图。A. quit停止，放弃；B. continued继续；C. escaped逃避；D. forbade禁止。由下文的“Recently I can't help but ______ my old days, when I could spend hours looking at small, oddly shaped cardboard pieces”可知，作者搬走以后就不再玩拼图了。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，我忍不住回忆起我以前的日子，那时我可以花几个小时看着形状奇特的小纸板，把它们放在适当的间隔位置来享受。A. analyse分析；B. regret后悔，遗憾；C. recall回想起；D. doubt怀疑。由下文的“my old days, when I could spend hours looking at small, oddly shaped cardboard pieces”可知，此处指作者回忆起他以前的日子。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，我忍不住回忆起我以前的日子，那时我可以花几个小时看着形状奇特的小纸板，把它们放在适当的间隔位置来享受。A. placing放置；B. rolling转动；C. pushing推动；D. dragging拖拉。由上文的“I moved the finished puzzle______ onto a large board”并结合语境可知，此处指作者把它们放在适当的间隔位置来享受。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在生活在一个注意力分散的世界里，不断地从一种娱乐形式跳到另一种。A. attention注意力；B. communication交流；C. information信息；D. opinions观点，看法。由上文的“I would sit alone for hours ________ building a puzzle.”和下文的“constantly jumping from one form of entertainment to another”可知，作者以前对拼图非常感兴趣，但现在生活在一个注意力分散的世界里。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：诚实地说，我不喜欢打开手机发短信，但一个小时后，我发现自己点击了无数YouTube视频，却没有给我留下任何印象。A. Thankfully感激地；B. Honestly真诚地；C. Additionally此外；D. Interestingly有趣地。由下文内容可知，此处指诚实地说，作者不喜欢现在的生活模式。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想成为一个不需要被这么多浮华的外部刺激轰炸来娱乐的人。A. fail失败；B. afford买得起，给予；C. need需要，必要；D. offer提供。由语境并结合选项知，此处指作者想成为一个不需要被这么多浮华的外部刺激轰炸来娱乐的人。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想成为一个不需要被这么多浮华外部刺激轰炸来娱乐的人。A. admired钦佩；B. connected连接，联系；C. disturbed打扰；D. entertained娱乐。由上文的“constantly jumping from one form of entertainment to another”可知，此处指作者想成为一个不需要被这么多浮华的外部刺激轰炸来娱乐的人。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：今年夏天我回家时，我会在地下室的某个地方搜寻那盒旧玩具。A. take over接管，接收；B. breaks up破碎，结束；C. search through搜寻；D. put away储存，抛弃。由下文的“Maybe I'll find what I'm looking for.”可知，此处指地下室的某个地方搜寻那盒旧玩具。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People of all ages are concerned about the spread of the coronavirus, and teenagers, as a group, tend to experience intense fearfulness. Accordingly, their growing anxiety should be taken into___36___ (consider) seriously. Adults can help by making sure teens don't overestimate the dangers___37___underestimate their ability to protect themselves.
Anxiety can be ___38___(health). But not all teens know that it typically acts ___39___ a useful and protective emotion. Adults can encourage teenagers to channel their discomfort into useful action, such as learning about and following the ___40___(recommend) health guidelines.
We can also remind teenagers that we should wash our hands and follow other heath recommendations not only___41___(protect) ourselves, but also to help to ease the stress. Adults can note that___42___(make) personal sacrifices(牺牲)- such as postponing a vacation or staying home if we're not feeling well helps to reduce the chance of carrying illness into our own communities.
Teenagers who are feeling___43___(high) anxious about Covid-19 should ___44___(encourage) to take a break from seeking, or even accidentally encountering, information about the virus. ____45____ we can do is to encourage finding distractions, such as doing their homework or watching a favorite show, to protect them from noticing the increasing virus figures.
【答案】36. consideration
37. or 38. healthy
39. as 40. recommended
41. to protect
42. making 43. highly
44. be encouraged
45. What
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何来处理年轻人间因新冠肺炎导致的焦虑。
【36题详解】
考查固定短语。句意: 因此，他们日益增长的焦虑应该被认真对待。take sth. into consideration 译为“将……考虑在内”是固定短语。故填consideration。
【37题详解】
考查连词。句意：成年人可以通过确保青少年不高估危险或低估他们保护自己的能力来帮助他们。分析句子，don't overestimate the dangers 和 underestimate their ability 之间表示选择。故填or。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：焦虑可能是健康的。分析句子，be动词后用形容词作表语。故需将提示词改为形容词。故填healthy。
【39题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：但并不是所有的青少年都知道它通常是一种有用的保护性情绪。act as 译为“担当，作为”。是固定短语。故填as。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：成年人可以鼓励青少年把他们的不适转化为有用的行动，比如学习和遵循推荐的健康指南。分析句子，分句部分缺主语，故提示词需用非谓语动词。又因为recommend和逻辑主语health guidelines 表示被动关系。故填recommended。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们还可以提醒青少年，我们应该洗手和遵循其他健康建议，不仅保护自己，也有助于缓解压力。分析句子，提示词protect所处的句中已有动词follow。故提示词需用非谓语动词。根据句意，此处表示目的译为“为了”。故填to protect。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：成年人可以注意到，做出个人牺牲---比如推迟假期或者如果我们感觉不舒服就呆在家里---有助于减少将疾病带入我们自己社区的机会。分析句子，去掉中间的插入语（such as postponing a vacation or staying home if we're not feeling well）后可知，句中除了提示词外，还有动词helps。故make需要用非谓语动词。又因简单句部分缺主语，所以用doing形式充当主语。故填making。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：对新冠肺炎高度焦虑的青少年。分析句意，根据词性相互修饰，副词修饰形容词。anxious（焦虑的）是形容词。high也可做副词修饰形容词，但high强调的是具体的高度。而此处强调抽象的高度。故填highly。
【44题详解】
考查情态动词的被动语态。句意：对Covid-19感到高度焦虑的青少年应该鼓励他们休息一下。分析句子，情态动词should后应该用动词原形。但该提示词的逻辑主语是teenagers，它和动词encourage之间表示被动。故填be encouraged。
【45题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：我们所能做的就是鼓励人们寻找干扰因素，比如做家庭作业或看自己喜欢的节目，以防止他们注意到病毒数量的增加。分析句子，划线后面出现了两个动词can do 和is，所以此处需填引导词。划线处属于名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句部分缺can do 的宾语。所以此处需填连接代词。分析句意，此处缺“什么”。故填What。
第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46.假定你是李华，计划寒假期间到学校实践基地参加为期一周的劳动实践活动。请给你的留学生朋友Frank写封邮件，邀请他起参加。 内容包括:
1.活动安排和内容。
2.活动的意义。
注意:
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.信的开头已为你写好。
Dear Frank,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Frank，
We plan to participate in the weeklong labor practice in the school field base scheduled from August 1to8. I'm writing to invite you to join us.
The base offers free accommodations and various activities.Participants can learn to do outdoor work like farming or gardening.The art of making tea, which interests you very much， is also taught.What attracts me most is that we'll learn to raise animals such as goats or rabbits.
In the practice, we can experience the value of labor and expose ourselves to a wide range of practical skills, which will surely benefit us.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求以李华的身份给留学生朋友Frank写一封邀请信。邀请他寒假期间到学校实践基地参加为期一周的劳动实践活动。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文。
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
结构：总分法。
要求：
1.活动安排和内容。
2.活动的意义。
第二步：列提纲（重点短语）
participate in；learn to do；experience the value of labor
第三步：连词成句
1.We plan to participate in the weeklong labor practice in the school field base
2.Participants can learn to do outdoor work like farming or gardening.
3.In the practice, we can experience the value of labor and expose ourselves to a wide range of practical skills, which will surely benefit us.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇
1.表示文章结构顺序：提出邀请；活动内容和意义；盼望回复
2.表示并列补充关系：and；such as ；In the practice
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯。复合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多的高端句式，如定语从句：The art of making tea, which interests you very much，is also taught；主语从句:What attracts me most is that we'll learn to raise animals such as goats or rabbits…等。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。
第二节（满分25分）
47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
On a Saturday afternoon in Wichita Falls, Texas, three kids talked and laughed happily as they took turns riding a scooter (滑板车) on their quiet street. 11-year-old TJ Smith had just jumped off the scooter as his neighbors Kim, age 7, claimed her turn, and Julie, 9, looked on. Ten minutes later, Kim sat down on the scooter to catch her breath, That was when a bearded man with a head of messy hair appeared. The kids didn't see where he came from, but they saw exactly what happened next: Without saying a word, the man picked Kim up off the scooter and calmly stepped away.
The guy held Kim gently like a baby and just walked down the street In fact, the calm way the man behaved led TJ to believe that he must be a relative of Kim's. But something wasn't right.“I could see Kim's face," TJ said.“She was scared.
As the man walked on, Kim's fear transformed into weeps, and then she cried for help. She began kicking and moving, trying to get free of the man's control.“What are you doing?" Julie shouted. But the man, undisturbed, just walked the length of the block until he reached an alley(小巷) and disappeared.
TJ was frightened, yet he never thought about the danger to himself. The only thing he wanted to do was to get Kim back. But what was a 4-foot-tall kid going to do to stop a grown man?“I wanted to help_but I couldn't do it myself," he thought to himself. “Tell Kim's parents, Julie!” He shouted as he started running towards the alley.
Kim's parents were relaxing on the sofa in their living room when their front door burst open.
Paragraph 1:“A bad guy just picked Kim up and took her away!”yelled Julie.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:At that very moment. Kim's parents arrived.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】“A bad guy just picked Kim up and took her away!”yelled Julie.So shocked were Kim's parents that they jumped up from the sofa and rushed over to Julie.Learning what had happened, they phoned the police without delay. The next moment, they jumped into their car and drove off directed by Julie.By then TJ had reached the alley, but the man was nowhere to be seen.“I must find Kim, ”TJ said to himself.Her an along the alley to the end，where he spotted the man walking towards a white house.“Stop!Stop!”With these words, he charged at the guy fearlessly and held fast to Kim.However hard the guy tried to get rid of TJ, TJ wouldn't give in.
At that very moment Kim's parents arrived.“Help!Help!”TJ shouted.Immediately Kim's father took off toward the guy. Seeing this, the guy hurriedly let go of Kim and broke into a run. Kim's father dashed up, caught hold of him and pressed him to the ground.Kim ran crying into her mother's arms. Minutes later, the police arrived and arrested the guy.TJ breathed a sigh of relief and smiled happily.TJ's quick thinking and bravery saved a little girl in the neighborhood from unimaginable consequences.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，11岁的TJ,7岁的Kim和9岁的Julie在安静的街道玩滑板车。一个满头蓬乱长胡子的男人突然出现将Kim抱走。TJ和Julie开始想办法营救Kim。
【详解】续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：Julie大喊道：“坏人把Kim带走了。”所以后面应该写Kim的父母听到这一消息之后的反应以及他们所采取的行动。给出的内容提示当Kim被带走后，TJ唯一的想法就是怎么去营救她。所以本段也应该提及，在Julie去告诉Kim父母期间，TJ是如何行动的。有什么进展。第二段写道在那个时候，Kim的父母赶到了。所以第一段最后应该是提及TJ的营救到了关键时刻。
第二段开头写道正在这时，Kim的父母赶到了。所以接下来应该写他们是如何与坏人斗争，将Kim从坏人手中夺回来。最后要写坏人被警察逮捕，绳之以法。TJ和Julie的勇敢行为得到了大家的赞赏。
最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右，按要求完成写作任务。
【点睛】本文描写故事完整，逻辑合理。续写文与前文做到了内容上的衔接。时态正确，语言详略得当，心理活动与动作描写生动，如描写Kim的父亲抓坏人使用了一系列动词，dashed up, caught hold of him and pressed him很精彩地描写了当时激烈的场景。
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