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2019届江苏省如皋市高三下学期语数英学科模拟一英语试题 （解析版）
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江苏省如皋市2018-2019学年度高三年级第二学期语数英学科模拟一
英语
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.
Who might Sam be?
A. A baby. B. A pet. C. A toy.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】M: Mum, Sam's escaped from his box. I've been looking for him all over the house.
W: You mean the partner I bought you last week? Oh, look! He's climbing the tree.
2.
What did the woman do last night?
A. She stayed at home. B. She went to a party. C. She saw a doctor.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】M: I've heard everybody had a good time at Cindy's birthday party last night. I'm sorry to have missed it.
W: Actually I couldn't make it either. I suddenly had a fever yesterday.
M: Oh, no. Did you see the doctor?
W: No. I was just in my bed all day long.
3.
Where are the speakers?
A. At a party. B. In a store. C. In their new house.
【答案】C
【解析】
详解】M: Look, how great our new house looks, but it still needs one thing.
W: Is there anything we need to buy?
M: No, but we should have a housewarming party!
W: That sounds fun! It will give people a chance to see our new place.
4.
What does the woman mean?
A. Her sister loves villages. B. Tom makes a mistake. C. She likes her sister.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】M: Cindy, I can't believe we'll visit England next week. I want to see the famous churches.
W: Well, I'd like to see the lovely villages.
M: Really? But you said you hate villages.
W: Oh, Tom, it's my sister who said that.
5.
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A picture. B. A holiday. C. A sport.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】W: Is this you in this photograph, Daniel?
M: Yeah, my dad took that on our skiing holiday last year. We climbed right to the top of this mountain.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What happened to the man?
A. He broke a machine. B. The machine owed him 25 cents.
C. The machine owner refused to help him.
7. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Call the police. B. Rock the machine.
C. Call the number on the machine.
【答案】6. B 7. C
【解析】
W: Hey, what's up?
M: Well, I put a dollar in this machine for a seventyfivecent chocolate bar. Then I pressed the change button, but nothing happened.
W: Well, did you talk to the shop owner over there to see if he could give back your money?
M: Yeah, I tried that, but he said he didn't own the machine. Hey, I have an idea. Why don't we rock the machine until the thing falls?
W: Oh no. I don't want to be responsible for breaking the machine, and besides, someone might call the police. Why not try the phone number on the machine?
M: Yeah, you're right.
【6题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【7题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. Why is the man's blue shirt no longer suitable for him?
A. He's put on much weight. B. He thinks it's old.
C. He's grown taller.
9. What does the woman think of the man?
A. Lucky. B. Busy. C. Lazy.
【答案】8. A 9. C
【解析】
W: Hi, Max. Are you ready to go to the party?
M: No, I don't know what to wear. I've got so few nice clothes.
W: Well, what about your new blue shirt?
M: It's no longer suitable. It's too small for me. I think I've grown.
W: Don't be so silly. You're twentythree. You haven't grown. You're just too fat.
M: You say such unkind things to me. You don't understand because you're so lucky.
W: What do you mean?
M: You lose weight so easily.
W: You talk such nonsense! I'm fit because I walk everywhere. Your problem is that you don't take exercise. You like sitting on the sofa and doing nothing.
M: You don't know what my job's like. I have so little time.
【8题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【9题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10. How many showers has the man taken today?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three.
11. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Clean up the bathroom. B. Learn more about cities. C. Take a quick shower.
12. What did Michael tell the woman?
A. Water supply in cities is endless.
B. Water shortage happens everywhere.
C. It's no good taking more than one shower a day.
【答案】10. B 11. C 12. B
【解析】
M: Mum, it's hot out there. I'm going to take a shower.
W: Another one? Haven't you already taken two today?
M: Well, I'm sweaty! Why can't you smell me from over there?
W: You really shouldn't take more than one shower a day though. You're wasting water.
M: But water is not that expensive.
W: Water is an important resource! And we don't have endless supply of it.
M: But if I don't shower, I'll smell up the whole house!
W: Well, at least keep it short. If you cut your shower time by two minutes, you can save about 600 litres a month.
M: That much? When did you become such a water expert?
W: Since my friend Michael told me about the water shortages that are happening all over the world.
M: But we've always had lots of water in the city.
W: We have water now, but more people on the planet means less water to go around. Think about that as you shower.
【10题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【11题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【12题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13. Why does the woman come to Manchester?
A. To watch a concert. B. To visit a friend. C. To give a performance.
14. How did the woman feel when she first sang in public?
A. Nervous. B. Happy. C. Disappointed.
15. Where will the woman go tonight?
A. To theatres. B. To clubs. C. To bars.
16. Who is Dean?
A. The woman's boyfriend. B. A club owner. C. A newspaper reporter.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. A
【解析】
M: Hi, Della. How long are you going to stay here?
W: Only four days. I know that's not long enough. But I have to go to London after the concert here at the weekend.
M: I'm looking forward to that concert very much. Can you tell us where you sang in public for the first time?
W: Umm, at my high school concert. My legs shook uncontrollably and I almost fell.
M: I don't believe that! Della, have you been to any clubs in Manchester?
W: No, I haven't. But my boyfriend and I are going out this evening. We know Manchester has got some great clubs. And tomorrow we'll go to some bars.
M: Oh, who is your boyfriend now, Della?
W: Dean. We're still together. I know the newspapers say we're not together anymore, but they're wrong!
M: I'm happy to hear that, Della. We all love your music, but whose music do you like best?
W: Ah, Dean's! I know he's going to be famous soon.
【13题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【14题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【15题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【16题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. What does Carl think of his music life?
A. Interesting. B. Helpful. C. Worthwhile.
18. What is Carl's problem at the moment?
A. He finds it hard to succeed. B. He's tired of working early.
C. He lacks time to write songs.
19. Why would Carl go to a quiet place?
A. To be free from his work. B. To focus on his songwriting.
C. To gain some life experience.
20. How would Carl probably enjoy himself if he had no work to do?
A. By going shopping. B. By talking with friends.
C. By traveling around the world.
【答案】17. A 18. C 19. B 20. A
【解析】
W: Welcome to Music World. I'm Patti and our guest this week is every band's favorite songwriter, Carl Ryder.
M: Hi, Patti.
W: Thanks for coming to our program, Carl. Is life in the music business all fun, or are there any disadvantages?
M: Well, it is fun, yes, but if you want to be successful it is hard work. That can cause problems. For example, I wish I had more free time.
W: What would you do, if you didn't have so much work?
M: Well, if I had time, I'd go to more concerts. It's good for me to hear new bands.
W: I hope you'll get a break soon. But what about new songs? Are you writing any new songs at the moment?
M: Oh yeah, I am. But it's tiring, because I'm trying to write new songs in the evening and in the day I'm going to meetings, working with singers and so on. I wish I wasn't so busy. It would be good if I could spend a few weeks somewhere just writing songs.
W: Well, I know you can't go away now, but if you could go anywhere in the world, where would you go?
M: If I went away now, I'd choose somewhere warm and sunny, but quiet.
W: But wouldn't you be bored if it was a quiet place?
M: No, because I'd write songs. I wouldn't want to talk to people if I had songs to write. Of course I'd go somewhere lively if I didn't have any work to do at all, somewhere with lots of clubs and good shops!
W: OK Carl, thank you for giving us your time today.
M: You're welcome.
【17题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【18题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【19题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【20题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
21.Whether to favor urban development or the preservation of historical sites is especially controversial in China, where there exists rich history, diversified tradition and cultural ________.
A. surplus B. deposits C. accounts D. receipts
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：在有着丰富历史、多元传统和文化底蕴的中国，究竟是支持城市发展，还是保护历史古迹，尤其存在争议。A. surplus剩余；B. deposits底蕴；C. accounts账目；D. receipts进款，故选B。
22.As a(n) ________ and effective method, expressway noise barrier is a primary measure used to reduce traffic noise.
A. correctional B. flexible C. economical D. investigative
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：高速公路隔声屏障作为一种经济有效的方法，是降低交通噪声的主要措施。A. correctional 修正的；B. flexible灵活的；C. economical经济的；D. investigative研究的，故选C。
23.Due to the reform and openingup, our living conditions, undoubtedly, have improved ________ over the past decades.
A. considerately B. approximately C. appropriately D. considerably
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查副词辨析。句意：由于改革开放，我们的生活条件，毫无疑问，在过去的几十年里有了很大的改善。A. considerately体谅地； B. approximately大约；C. appropriately适当地；D. considerably相当地，故选D。
24.I hope that we will be able to make it through the tough times and back to the business of working together ________ our common goals.
A. on behalf of B. in honor of C. on top of D. in search of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我希望我们能够度过艰难的时期，回到为我们共同的目标而共同努力的事业上来。A. on behalf of为了；B. in honor of为庆祝…；C. on top of 在…之上；D. in search of寻找，故选A。
25.She said her ________ is enough to support her in later years and that her only hope is that her son can visit regularly. After all she had not much time left.
A. pension B. benefit C. allowance D. bonus
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：她说，她的养老金足以支撑她晚年的生活，她唯一的希望就是她的儿子能定期来看望她。毕竟她已经没有多少时间了。A. pension养老金；B. benefit利益；C. allowance津贴；D. bonus奖金，故选A。
26.Competed in 1891, in ________ was known as The Gilded Age, the fivestory mansion is now owned by a famous actor who decides to stage a special production of Shakespeare's Hamlet.
A. that B. what C. which D. it
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这座五层楼高的豪宅始建于1891年，当时被称为“镀金时代”，现在的主人是一位著名演员，他决定举行莎士比亚戏剧《哈姆雷特》的特别演出。________ was known as The Gilded Age是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故选B。
27.Contrary to popular belief, the ants, hardworking ________ they are, have their time for play.
A. because B. while C. as D. where
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：与人们普遍认为的相反，尽管蚂蚁很勤劳，但它们也有玩耍的时间。文中含有一个让步状语从句，并且使用了倒装，as 引导让步状语从句，句子要倒装，while不能用倒装，故选C。
28.When faced with a big challenge ________ potential failure seems to hide at every corner, maybe you've heard this advice before: “Be more confident.”
A. where B. whose C. which D. of which
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当面对一个巨大的挑战时，潜在的失败似乎无处不在，也许你以前听过这个建议:“更自信。”________ potential failure seems to hide at every corner是一个定语从句，先行词是 a big challenge，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选A。
29.Peterson, a great archaeologist, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe that the ministry was ________ this problem, but we feel that we can't wait any longer.”
A. looking out B. bringing out C. carrying out D. sorting out
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Peterson是一位伟大的考古学家，他说：“考古学家一直非常有耐心，因为我们被误导，认为政府的部门正在解决这个问题，但我们觉得我们不能再等下去了。” A. looking out当心；B. bringing out出版；C. carrying out实施；D. sorting out解决，故选D。
30.The laptops made by our company sell best, but nobody could have guessed the place in the market that they ________ 20 years ago.
A. had had B. had C. were having D. were to have
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们公司生产的笔记本电脑卖得最好，但是，二十年前，没有人能猜到它们在市场上的地位。表示过去将要发生的事情，用过去将来时，故选D。
31.In my driving lesson, a traffic rule that impressed me most is that in no time ________ when the traffic lights turn red.
A. all vehicles should stop B. should all vehicles stop
C. should stop all vehicles D. should stop all vehicles
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装。句意：在我的驾驶课上，给我印象最深的一条交通规则是，当交通灯变红时，所有的车辆都应该立即停车。in no time放句首不需要倒装，因为不是否定词，而是“立即”的意思。如果是表示否定意义的词，如in no case，in no way，by no means，意为“绝不”，
放在句首是要倒装的。故本题选A。
32.Frankly speaking, I am not sure whether I ________ this in the old days with that kind of equipment, which looks quite odd and ridiculous.
A. should have done B. need have done C. would have done D. must have done
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：坦率地说，我不确定在过去我是否会用这种设备做这件事，这看起来很奇怪和可笑。A. should have done表示本应该做某事，而实际上没有做某事；B. need have done表示本来需要做某事而没有做；C. would have done虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”；D. must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，故选C。
33.—I have been considering cancelling the project because it seems hard to go farther.
—But it's too early to________ now. There's still much hope.
A. pick up the pieces B. throw in the towel
C. go through your paces D. jump down your throat
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查谚语辨析。句意：——我一直在考虑取消这个项目，因为似乎很难再做下去了。——但是现在认输还为时过早。还有很大的希望。根据There's still much hope.可知这里意思是“但是现在认输还为时过早。” A. pick up the pieces（跌倒后）重新爬起来；B. throw in the towel认输；C. go through your paces检查你的步伐；D. jump down your throat暴跳如雷，故选B。
34.________ the concert to raise money for hunger relief and to make the public aware of the problem, Geldof invited many famous musicians to take part in it.
A. Intended B. Intending C. Having intended D. To intend
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：盖尔多夫邀请了许多著名的音乐家参加这场音乐会，打算为消除饥饿筹集资金，并让公众意识到这个问题。intend的逻辑主语是Geldof，它们之间是主动关系，用现在分词作原因状语，且分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，所以用现在分词的一般时作原因状语，故选B。
35.—Oh, Hannah just told me that she was unable to translate the report into English.
—________？She once spent 10 years living in London.
A. Guess what B. Why not C. So what D. How come
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景对话。句意：——噢，Hannah刚刚告诉我，她不能把报告翻译成英语。——怎么会那样？她曾经在伦敦生活了10年。根据She once spent 10 years living in London.可知这里意思是怎么会那样。A. Guess what猜怎么了；B. Why not为何不…（用来提建议）；C. So what那又怎样；D. How come怎么会那样，故选D。
第二节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
My mother and her family kept information about my father and his family a secret from me for over half a century. In 2010 I began to ___36___ my father through Ancestry.com. However, I learned he had ___37___ cancer on August 6, 1999 in a hospital in Dallas, Texas.
When I got my father's death ___38___， the medical examiner told me because my father had no ___39___ around the city, they buried him in a body bag in a(n) ___40___ grave in an old cemetery.
I knew my father ___41___ in WW2 so I decided to work on getting his remains ___42___ to my state to be buried in our national cemetery. From 2011 to 2017 I kept working on ___43___ my debt from a divorce and increasing my ___44___ score so someday I could get a personal loan.
That certificate of ___45___ service proved my father served 43 months in WW2 in the USA Army Air Force fighting the Nazi's. I still did not have the money ___46___. In July of 2018 a bank approved a $10，000 personal loan so I had a funeral director ___47___ a permit to exhume my father. After 4 months of ___48___ I asked Senator Brown for help again in November. Six days after he contacted Texas officials a permit was ___49___.
On July 9, 2019 an airplane will ___50___ at the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport ___51___ I will be finally ___52___ with my father and touch his metal casket and the missing piece of my heart will be ___53___.
On January 10, 2019 the Ohio Patriot Guard Riders will escort my father's hearse through my ___54___ to be buried with honors in our states National cemetery and one day in January Senator Brown will have an American Flag ___55___ over our Nation's Capital to honor my father.
If you never give up one day your dream will become a reality.
36. A. hire out B. allow for C. search for D. dive in
37. A. suffered from B. died of C. evolved into D. died from
38. A. adjustment B. diploma C. penalty D. certificate
39. A. soldiers B. seniors C. relatives D. enemies
40. A. unprotected B. unmarked C. theoretical D. mobile
41. A. joined B. played C. served D. enrolled
42. A. brought down B. brought in C. brought out D. brought back
43. A. lowering B. increasing C. wiping D. swapping
44. A. housing B. employment C. marriage D. credit
45. A. sustainable B. military C. authentic D. historic
46. A. moreover B. while C. though D. therefore
47. A. apply to B. apply for C. try out D. try on
48. A. clarifying B. waiting C. requesting D. wrestling
49. A. suspended B. rejected C. granted D. substituted
50. A. land B. stop C. leave D. touch
51. A. which B. whose C. where D. when
52. A. confronted B. reunited C. involved D. occupied
53. A. reserved B. restricted C. restored D. rewarded
54. A. school B. church C. country D. hometown
55. A. flowed B. flown C. covered D. controlled
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. C 40. B 41. C 42. D 43. A 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. B 48. B 49. C 50. A 51. C 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇故事类阅读。文章作者通过讲述自己坚持不懈接自己父亲的灵柩回家乡的故事，说明了坚持不放弃，你便是生活的主人。
【36题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。根据through Ancestry.com可知作者开始通过Ancestry.Com网站寻找作者父亲的相关信息。A. hire out出租；B. allow for考虑到；C. search for寻找；D. dive in头朝下跳入水中，故选C。
【37题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。根据When I got my father's death ___3___可知这里意思是作者父亲早已在1999年8月6日去世，在德克萨斯州达拉斯市的一家医院里，死因是癌症。A. suffered from遭受；B. died of死于；C. evolved into发展成；D. died from死于，若死因存在于人体之上或之内（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因），一般用介词 of；若死因不是存在人体之内或之上，而是由环境造成的（主要指事故等方面的外部原因），一般用介词 from，故选B。
【38题详解】
考查名词辨析。根据the medical examiner told me because my father had no ___4___ around the city, they buried him in a body bag in a(n) ___5___ grave in an old cemetery.可知这里意思是作者拿到了父亲的死亡证明。A. adjustment调整；B. diploma毕业证书；C. penalty罚款；D. certificate证明，故选D。
【39题详解】
考查名词辨析。根据they buried him in a body bag in a(n) ___5___ grave in an old cemetery.可知由于作者父亲在当地没有任何家属，医院只能把他埋葬在一个废旧的墓地里，墓碑上没有名字，遗骸入殓于廉价的裹尸袋之中。A. soldiers士兵；B. seniors年长者；C. relatives亲属；D. enemies敌人，故选C。
【40题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：医院只能把他埋葬在一个废旧的墓地里，墓碑上没有名字，遗骸入殓于廉价的裹尸袋之中。A. unprotected无保护的；B. unmarked没有名字的；C. theoretical理论的；D. mobile可移动的，故选B。
【41题详解】
考查动词辨析。这里意思是作者知道父亲曾在二战中服役，作者决定想尽一切办法，把父亲的遗骸带回作者所在的州，入葬在国家公墓。A. joined参加；B. played演奏； C. served服役；D. enrolled登记，故选C。
42题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。这里意思是作者知道父亲曾在二战中服役，作者决定想尽一切办法，把父亲的遗骸带回作者所在的州，入葬在国家公墓。A. brought down降低；B. brought in引进；C. brought out出版；D. brought back拿回来，故选D。
【43题详解】
考查动词辨析。这里意思是后来作者离婚了，从2011年到2017年，六年的时间里，作者一直设法降低自己由于离婚所必须支付的债务，并提升作者的个人信用度，以冀某天能获得一笔个人贷款，完成作者让父亲入土在国家公墓的心愿。A. lowering降低； B. increasing增加；C. wiping 擦干；D. swapping交换，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词辨析。根据so someday I could get a personal loan.可知这里意思是作者一直设法降低自己由于离婚所必须支付的债务，并提升作者的个人信用度。A. housing房屋；B. employment雇用；C. marriage结婚；D. credit信用，故选D。
【45题详解】
考查形容词辨析。根据in WW2 in the USA Army Air Force fighting the Nazi's.可知这里意思是军方出具了一份证明，证明作者父亲在二战期间服役于美国空军，与纳粹战斗了43个月之久。A. sustainable可以忍受的；B. military军事的；C. authentic真正的；D. historic有历史意义的，故选B。
【46题详解】
考查副词辨析。这里意思是尽管，作者还是出不起这笔钱。A. moreover此外；B. while当……的时候；C. though虽然；D. therefore因此，故选C。
【47题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。这里意思是2018年7月，银行批准了作者的个人贷款，作者获得了1万美元的贷款，联系了一位丧葬承办人，请他代理申请作者父亲的转葬事宜。A. apply to适用于；B. apply for申请；C. try out试验；D. try on试穿，故选B。
【48题详解】
考查动词辨析。这里意思是经过4个月的漫长等待，在11月，作者不得不再次请求一位姓Brown的议员伸出援手。A. clarifying净化；B. waiting等待；C. requesting要求；D. wrestling摔跤，故选B。
【49题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：他为我跟德克萨斯州政府官员进行了交涉，6天后，转葬事宜获得了批准。A. suspended推迟；B. rejected拒绝；C. granted允许；D. substituted代替，故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词辨析。这里意思是2019年7月9日，一架飞机将会降落在克里夫兰霍普金斯国际机场。A. land登录；B. stop 停止；C. leave离开；D. touch触摸，故选A。
【51题详解】
考查定语从句。___16___ I will be finally ___17___ with my father and touch his metal casket and the missing piece of my heart will be ___18___.是一个定语从句，先行词是the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选C。
【52题详解】
考查动词辨析。这里意思是在那里，作者父子终于可以重聚了，作者可以触碰到父亲的金属棺材，作者内心缺失的部分可以修复了。A. confronted面对；B. reunited重聚；C. involved涉及；D. occupied占有，故选B。
【53题详解】
考查动词辨析。这里意思是在那里，作者父子终于可以重聚了，作者可以触碰到父亲的金属棺材，作者内心缺失的部分可以修复了。A. reserved保留；B. restricted限制； C. restored修复；D. rewarded奖赏，故选C。
【54题详解】
考查名词辨析。这里意思是2019年1月10日，俄亥俄州爱国者卫队骑手将护卫着父亲的灵柩穿过作者的家乡，将遗体礼葬在国家公墓。A. school学校；B. church教堂；C. country国家；D. hometown家乡，故选D。
【55题详解】
考查动词辨析。这里意思是Brown先生将带着一面美国国旗飞跃首都上空，向作者的父亲致敬。A. flowed流动；B. flown飞行；C. covered覆盖；D. controlled控制，故选B。
【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，小题1根据through Ancestry.com可知作者开始通过Ancestry.Com网站寻找作者父亲的相关信息。A. hire out出租；B. allow for考虑到；C. search for寻找；D. dive in头朝下跳入水中，故选C。小题10根据in WW2 in the USA Army Air Force fighting the Nazi's.可知这里意思是军方出具了一份证明，证明作者父亲在二战期间服役于美国空军，与纳粹战斗了43个月之久。A. sustainable可以忍受的；B. military军事的；C. authentic真正的；D. historic有历史意义的，故选B。
第三部分 阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
New York City is a world capital in every sense of the word—it's a cultural and economic powerhouse, and arguably the most influential city on the planet. But it wasn't always this way, as the following cities once dominated the world around them.
DjenneDjenno
In the flood lands of the Niger delta people have been building houses and other structures with clay for centuries. The town of DjenneDjenno is made entirely out of clay. It was inhabited as far back as 250 BC, and became an important link in the transSaharan gold trade(跨撒哈拉黄金交易). Constructed on hills called “toguere”， the city managed to escape the marshy(沼泽) landscape and annual floods produced by the rainy season. DjenneDjenno is believed to be one of the earliest settlements in the subSaharan region, and is considered by some to be “the typical African City”.
Archeological evidence shows us a continuous human presence in the area up until the 14th century AD, when people moved to the nearby town of Djenne, founded in the 11th century. Further evidence points out that even before the city's construction, the Bozo people were growing wild rice in the region. In the 13th century AD, with King Koumboro's conversion to Islam, its palace transformed into a mosque.
Carthage
Legend has it that Carthage was founded by Queen Dido of the Phoenicians. She fled the city of Tyre located in presentday Lebanon in order to escape the hatred of her brother Pygmalion, who was her rival to the throne. Along with a group of settlers, she traveled a great distance by sea and landed in North Africa, where she met King Iarbas. He offered to give them land in order to build a settlement, but no bigger than the surface covered by the hide(牛皮) of an ox. They cleverly cut the hide into thin strips and were able to enclose a fairly large area of land. On this land, the mighty city of Carthage was built.
These stories are most likely just that, but the fact that the Phoenicians built the city around 760 BC is true. Located in such a good position—in the middle of the Mediterranean, close to Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica, and a pretty good distance from Egypt—helped make Carthage a leading trade center and military power. The population soon reached half a million citizens and, in order to house them all, buildings were all built five or six stories tall. Carthage was the first city in ancient times to have a centralized sewage system, linking all buildings within the city walls. The most notable of structures among the ruins was the “Thophet”， which is believed to be an altar(圣坛) for child sacrifice.
Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan was the capital city of the Aztec Empire. It was built on an island surrounded by Lake Texcoco deep inside the jungles of Central America. By the time the Spanish conquerors were aware of its existence, the population was around 200，000. This was a city very different from what the Europeans were used to. Founded in 1325 AD, the Aztec capital was joined to the mainland by three causeways(堤道). It was laid out in straight street grids and had enormous pyramids at its center, which were surrounded by the skulls of the dead and ceremonial sculptures.
56. What do we know about the ancient cities?
A. Tenochtitlan was the first city to link all buildings within the city walls using a centralized sewage system.
B. Carthage was considered to have played an important role in the transSaharan gold trade.
C. There was no doubt that Carthage was founded by Queen Dido of the Phoenicians.
D. According to some people, the city DjenneDjenno is “a typical African city”.
57. The passage is most probably taken from ________.
A. a news report B. a science fiction C. a history book D. a research paper
【答案】56. D 57. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了历史上，曾经统治着它们周围世界的一些城市。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在DjenneDjenno部分DjenneDjenno is believed to be one of the earliest settlements in the subSaharan region, and is considered by some to be “the typical African City”.（DjenneDjenno被认为是撒哈拉以南地区最早的定居点之一，被一些人认为是“典型的非洲城市”。）由此可知，D选项描述正确，故选D。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。第一段New York City is a world capital in every sense of the word—it's a cultural and economic powerhouse, and arguably the most influential city on the planet. But it wasn't always this way, as the following cities once dominated the world around them.（从任何意义上说，纽约都是世界之都——它是一个文化和经济强国，可以说是这个星球上最具影响力的城市。但情况并不总是这样，因为下面这些城市曾经统治着它们周围的世界）是全文的主题段，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要介绍了历史上，曾经统治着它们周围世界的一些城市，所以这篇文章最可能出自历史书，故选D。
【点睛】关于阅读中的细节理解题
1.直接信息题
对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。
2.间接信息题
做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。
本题第1小题属于细节理解题中的直接信息题。答案定位在答案定位在DjenneDjenno部分DjenneDjenno is believed to be one of the earliest settlements in the subSaharan region, and is considered by some to be “the typical African City”.（DjenneDjenno被认为是撒哈拉以南地区最早的定居点之一，被一些人认为是“典型的非洲城市”。）由此可知，D选项描述正确，故选D。
B
You know those nutrition guidelines the government issues every few years? It turns out that following them isn't just good for your health. It's good for the planet, too.
“What we found is that impacts vary across nations, but in the highimpact nations, in general, you can see that, if you follow a nationally recommended diet, despite the fact that these diets don't mention explicitly—or most of them don't explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that. So that's sort of fairly clear across all the highincome nations.” said Paul Behrens, an environmental scientist at Leiden University in the Netherlands.
The food we eat takes a big toll on the environment. A third of the icefree land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all humancaused greenhouse gas emissions. Fertilizer runoff also leads to other problems, like the algae blooms in Lake Eerie and the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico.
However, following dietary guidelines would reduce those impacts, especially in wealthy countries like the US. “Most of the reductions come from meat and dairy，” which have an outsized impact on land use and pollution, and are a major source of greenhouse gases.(That's partly due to cow farts. Seriously.) Following the suggestions would also mean eating fewer calories, since many people here eat more than they need.
Overall, in highincome countries, Behren's team estimates that following the rules could result in as much as a 17 percent reduction in land use, a 21 percent reduction in nutrient pollution, and a 25 percent drop in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Cutting down on how much food we waste—which is roughly a third in the US—could help even more. The results are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Of course, people are notoriously bad at following diets. But: “These nationally recommended guidelines do actually have a knockon effect on other areas of policy making. So if I'm developing a new healthyeatingforschools program then that's going to be based off a lot of detail that I get from the nationally recommended guidelines. So while it might not necessarily be the case that people follow directly … they actually are quite influential on the preparation of other advice.”
It seems that a smaller environmental footprint and a healthier lifestyle could go hand in hand.
58. Which of the following statement will Paul Behrens approve of?
A. Following a nationally recommended diet can have similar impacts in different countries.
B. Following a nationally recommended diet can do good to our health.
C. Not all the countries have recommended diets in an explicit manner.
D. Some highincome nations don't mention the diet explicitly for its impacts can be ignored.
59. What do the underlined words “takes a big toll on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. shows signs of B. has a bad effect on
C. takes full advantage of D. makes up for
60. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Food production can lead to about 20 percent of humancaused greenhouse gas with only a third of the icefree land used.
B. It is estimated that following dietary guidelines can lead to decrease in more land use than in nutrient pollution.
C. Paul Behrens' new program concerning healthy eating for schools is likely to be based on national nutrition guidelines.
D. Some wealthy countries tend to reduce meat and dairy though the other areas of policy making isn't effected much.
【答案】58. C 59. B 60. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了营养指南对地球也有利。通过膳食指南，似乎可以减轻对环境的伤害，人类自己也可以过上健康的生活，二者可以兼得。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在第二段“What we found is that impacts vary across nations, but in the highimpact nations, in general, you can see that, if you follow a nationally recommended diet, despite the fact that these diets don't mention explicitly—or most of them don't explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that.（“我们发现（营养膳食指南的）影响因国家而异，但总的来说，在影响力较大的国家，如果你遵循国家推荐的膳食指南，即使这些膳食并未明晰对环境的影响，或者大多数膳食没有明确说明这一点，但是你对环境的影响会因为遵循指南而减轻。）由此推断出“并非所有国家都以明确的方式推荐饮食”，这个观点Paul Behrens会赞成，故选C。
【59题详解】
词义猜测题。下文A third of the icefree land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all humancaused greenhouse gas emissions. Fertilizer runoff also leads to other problems, like the algae blooms in Lake Eerie and the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico.说地球上三分之一的无冰区被用于农业生产，根据一些估算，食物生产大约占到了人类造成的温室气体排放量的五分之一。肥料径流也导致了其他问题，例如伊利湖的藻类爆发以及墨西哥湾的死亡区域。由此推断出划线词所在的句子意思是我们所吃的食物给环境带来了巨大代价。takes a big toll on意思是付出了巨大的代价，A. shows signs of显示…迹象；B. has a bad effect on付出了巨大的代价；C. takes full advantage of充分利用；D. makes up for弥补，故选B。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在第三段A third of the icefree land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all humancaused greenhouse gas emissions.（地球上三分之一的无冰区被用于农业生产，根据一些估算，食物生产大约占到了人类造成的温室气体排放量的五分之一。）由此可知。A选项的描述“粮食生产可导致约20%的人为造成的温室气体，而只使用了三分之一的无冰土地”正确，故选A。
C
A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day. Those surprising results appear in the journal Scientific Reports.
Shining iridescent color, which changes depending on the angle from which it's viewed, is favored by everything from birds to beetles and blossoms to butterflies.
“And in our research group we are of course interested in why this vivid metallic color is so widespread in nature.” Karin Kjernsmo of the University of Bristol adds that in some cases the showy splashes of light are a sexual strategy. “Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection. For example, in many of these cases it is the males that have these vivid iridescent colors and they use them in mate choice or they use them as a signal to attract mates.” But iridescence also shows up in situations where reproduction is not an issue. “So what we are studying now is whether natural selection imposed by predation(捕食行为) could explain the occurrence of iridescence in prey animals.”
The idea that eyecatching colors could be used as a coverup isn't a new one.“The father of camouflage theory, Abbott Thayer, really believed that iridescence should be categorized as a camouflage strategy. And he wrote in his famous lifework ConcealingColoration in the Animal Kingdom, already in 1909, that ‘brilliantly changeable or metallic colors are among the strongest factors in an animal's concealment’. And this sounds like a completely unreasonable thing to say, because how can colors that are both brilliant and changeable contribute to animal's concealment？”
“In a similar way, we were asking whether iridescence, due to its changeability, could work as a form of camouflage by preventing shape recognition.” Kjernsmo and her colleagues trained bumblebees to associate a particular shape—a circle or an oval—with a sugar reward. And they found that the bees, when given a choice, would preferentially visit the shape they knew to be sweet. But when the shapes were iridescent, the bees had trouble telling them apart. “It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish.” As for making use of this method for hiding in plain sight, “Any practical applications is of course directly linked to any industry that has an interest in camouflage, that is how to conceal objects or make them more difficult to recognize.” The researchers are currently conducting experiments with birds, which often prey on iridescent insects to see if it helps to have a bird'seye view.
61. According to the passage, iridescence is not made use of by animals to ________.
A. live a little longer by escaping their predator(捕食者)
B. catch the attention of their mates
C. conceal themselves when in danger
D. catch sight of more colorful preys
62. From the study in the last paragraph, we can learn that ________.
A. Bees can always tell the difference between a circle and an oval
B. Bees are creatures that are fascinated by sweet things that are iridescent
C. If a circle, with a sugar reward, is iridescent, the bees may have difficulty finding it
D. Bees are likely to prefer circles to ovals, whether they are iridescent or not
63. What will be talked about in the following paragraph?
A. Whether there are any differences between bees and birds.
B. Some industries that have great interest in camouflage.
C. Why birds are not effected by iridescent insects.
D. Which camouflage theory applies more to birds.
64. Which of the following might serve as the best title of the passage?
A. A famous camouflage strategy B. Metallic iridescent as the best disguise
C. Colors unique to animals D. Shining colors as a sexual strategy
【答案】61. D 62. C 63. C 64. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇科普类阅读。这篇文章主要讲了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day.可知彩虹色被动物用来通过逃离捕食者而活得更久，排除A；根据第三段Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection.（在这里我想指出的是，在某些物种中，尤其是那些表现出强烈两性差异的物种，比如天堂鸟、孔雀，甚至在某些蝴蝶或鱼类中，彩虹色的出现很可能是由性别选择所驱动的。）可知动物用彩虹色引起同伴的注意，排除B；根据倒数第二段The idea that eyecatching colors could be used as a coverup isn't a new one.（引人注目的颜色可以用来伪装，这种想法并不新鲜），排除C，故选D。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish.（似乎我们的目标上惊人的彩虹表面在视觉上打破了原本可以辨认的目标形状，这使得它们很难区分。）故选C。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后一段说研究人员目前正在对鸟类进行实验，这些鸟类的饮食中经常含有彩虹色的昆虫。实验目的是看看鸟类的视角是否能提供帮助。由此推断接下来一段会谈论 为什么鸟类不受彩虹色昆虫的影响，故选C。
64题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day.（有时，最好的伪装其实是最耀眼的伪装，因为研究表明，闪光的金属彩虹色能在视觉上迷惑捕食者，这让五颜六色的猎物能够再存活一天）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏，故选B。
【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第3小题，文章最后一段说研究人员目前正在对鸟类进行实验，这些鸟类的饮食中经常含有彩虹色的昆虫。实验目的是看看鸟类的视角是否能提供帮助。由此推断接下来一段会谈论 为什么鸟类不受彩虹色昆虫的影响，故选C。
D
American families are accustomed to settling in faraway places, which has been a national phenomenon. Decades of data, including a more recent Gallup study, characterizes the US as one of the most geographically mobile countries in the world. “About one in four US adults(24 percent) has reported moving within the country in the past five years.” the reported noted. With the exception of Finns(23 percent) and Norwegians(22 percent), Americans move considerably more than their European peers.
Though some may move for love or family, the major reason why Americans choose to move around is, unsurprisingly, related to work. Citing data from the Current Population Survey, a post on the blog of the New York Fed noted that between 1998 and 2013, “slightly more than half of interstate(州际的) migrants said they moved for employmentrelated reasons—a category that includes moves undertaken for new jobs, job transfers, and easier commutes(通勤).”
The seeking of opportunity, particularly for an immigrant nation, is a national mythology(神话) as well as an emotional attachment to work. A new working paper analyzed by Ben Steverman at Bloomberg suggests that workers in the US now “put in almost 25 percent more hours than Europeans” in a given year. This figure has steadily risen since the 1970s, when the hours logged by workers in Western Europe and the US were roughly the same.
There are, of course, some internal factors. The US is much vaster than most European countries, plus it boasts(拥有) a common language. It is considered to be a sign of an efficient labor market that US workers can be persuaded to move to regions where there is a steady growth in jobs, such as the Sun Belt in recent years. And while American workers often have fewer labor protections than their European counterparts, as a report by the World Bank noted in 2012, American “labor laws give employers the power to fire, hire, or relocate(重新安置) workers according to their needs”， a flexibility that is thought to aid economic growth. The World Band report added that the occupation of the average US employee in 2006 was 4 years, compared to 10 years in the European Union.
Nevertheless, while Americans remain excessively mobile, FaithKarahan and Darious Li at the New York Fed are the latest to note that US workers are moving around less than before. During the 1980s, 3 percent of workingage Americans relocated to a different state each year; that figure had been cut in half by 2010. “While part of the decline can be attributed to the Great Recession，” the authors suggest, “this___65___phenomenon took place over the course of several decades and is not necessarily related to the economic conditions.”
So what accounts for this phenomenon? A roundup of theories by Brad Plumer at The Washington Post included the aging of the US workforce, the further rise of twoincome households, the burdens of real estate, evolving workplace culture, as well as the flat line of wages, which makes moving away for a job, on average, a less rewarding financial proposition.
Karahan and Li put much stock in the effects of an aging workforce, to which they attribute at least half of the decline in interstate migration. “In short, a young individual today is moving less than a young person did in the 1980s because of the higher presence of older workers，” they write, suggesting that employers have shifted their employment tactics(策略) to adapt to the changing demographics(人口统计数据) of the workforce. Needless to say, movies about this era in American life, in which fewer people set out to start lives in wideranging places, will probably be much less exciting.
65. According to the passage, in the past five years, Americans have moved ________.
A. relatively less than the British B. less frequently than Italians
C. slightly more than Norwegians D. considerably more than Finns
66. What can we infer from Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. Americans choose to move mainly for work and family.
B. Americans have a very strong interest in work.
C. Americans invested more time in work than Europeans in 1975.
D. Americans tended to move to Europe between 1998 and 2013.
67. Which of the following is NOT the reason why American workers move more than their European peers?
A. There is a common language in the US.
B. The US is much vaster than most European countries.
C. American labor laws give employers more freedom to deal with them.
D. They are offered more efficient labor protections.
68. The underlined part “this phenomenon” in Paragraph 5 refers to ________.
A. the Great Recession
B. the decline of workingage Americans' interstate migration
C. the reduction in the number of workingage Americans
D. Americans' tendency to remain mobile
69. How do American employers deal with the aging workforce according to the passage?
A. By sticking to their previous policies. B. By adjusting to it.
C. By improving their employees' job skills. D. By raising employment standard.
70. As to the current situation of Americans migration, the author might feel ________.
A. curious B. strange C. confused D. disappointed
【答案】65. C 66. B 67. D 68. B 69. B 70. D
【解析】
这是一篇议论文阅读。文章主要讲了美国家庭习惯于在遥远的地方定居，这已成为一个全国性的现象，作者对造成这一现象的原因进行了分析。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在第一段About one in four US adults(24 percent) has reported moving within the country in the past five years.” the reported noted. With the exception of Finns(23 percent) and Norwegians(22 percent), Americans move considerably more than their European peers.可知在过去的五年里，美国人的移民人数略多于挪威人，故选C。
【66题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段Though some may move for love or family, the major reason why Americans choose to move around is, unsurprisingly, related to work.（尽管有些人搬家是为了爱情或家庭，但毫无疑问，美国人选择搬家的主要原因与工作有关。）根据第三段The seeking of opportunity, particularly for an immigrant nation, is a national mythology(神话) as well as an emotional attachment to work.（寻求机会，尤其是对一个移民国家来说，既是一种民族神话，也是一种对工作的情感依恋。）由此推断出美国人对工作非常感兴趣，故选B。
【67题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在第四段And while American workers often have fewer labor protections than their European counterparts, as a report by the World Bank noted in 2012（而且，正如世界银行(World Bank) 2012年的一份报告所指出的，美国工人往往比欧洲工人得到的劳动保护更少），D选项“美国工人比欧洲工人得到了更有效的劳动保护”与文章意思不符，故选D。
【68题详解】
推理判断题。上文说During the 1980s, 3 percent of workingage Americans relocated to a different state each year; that figure had been cut in half by 2010.（在20世纪80年代，每年有3%的工作年龄美国人搬迁到不同的州；到2010年，这个数字已经减少了一半。）由此可知“this phenomenon”指的是工作年龄美国人跨州移民的减少，故选B。
【69题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段they write, suggesting that employers have shifted their employment tactics(策略) to adapt to the changing demographics(人口统计数据) of the workforce.（他们写道，这表明雇主已经改变了雇佣策略，以适应不断变化的劳动力人口结构）由此可知，根据这篇文章，可知美国的雇主们通过适应它，来应对劳动力老龄化，故选B。
【70题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段Needless to say, movies about this era in American life, in which fewer people set out to start lives in wideranging places, will probably be much less exciting.（不用说，关于这个时代，美国生活的电影，在这个时代很少有人开始在大范围的地方生活，可能不会那么令人兴奋。）由此推断出对于美国移民的现状，作者可能会感到失望，故选D。
第四部分 任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
In an ideal world, we usually get eight hours of sleep every night, and wake up with enough energy before work. But when we're struggling to balance the responsibilities of everyday life, cutting back on sleep seems to be the only solution. Many of us rely on coffee or energy drinks to get us through the day, instead of making sleep a priority. Sadly, as delicious as it can be, caffeine is not the solution. Being tired not only brings down our energy levels, but also makes us less productive and less motivated. There are concrete steps you can take right now to renew your energy.
Awareness comes first because you have to understand what's going on before you can do anything to change it. Most of us are too busy to notice how fatigue(疲劳) really affects our bodies and minds. What signs of trouble do you regularly display? The patterns of your signs of trouble can give you clues about the negative effects of your fatigue. In addition, it's wise to start thinking about whoever can feel the effects of your fatigue.
Reflecting on the choices you've made can provide clarity, which will help you figure out what needs to be changed. During this reflection, you will be able to understand more about yourself and why you do the things you do. You may decide to forgive yourself for the mistakes you've made. Thinking about the positive aspects of your life will make you feel refreshed and ready to move forward.
Conversing with others not only provides support, but also leads to new perspectives and feedback that can help with treatment and what you need to heal. To start with, have an open mind and an open heart. Limit complaining. Complaints may need to be aired in order to relieve pressure, but if they dominate(占上风), anger will win. Tell the truth. You do not need to tell people everything, but you do need to be honest. Listen carefully because it shows respect.
The fourth step is about renewal—getting rid of what is bringing you down and making a fresh start. It's helpful to break the process down. It is easier to make small adjustments than big ones. On occasion, the small steps alone can remove fatigue. For instance, you may not need to change your career but change emphasis. If you feel hopelessly dragged down by fatigue, selfcare may be the best prescription.
Four steps to fight fatigue
Phenomenon
Many people rely on coffee or energy drinks to overcome fatigue.
Steps to
renewing your
energy
___71___
● Identify the signs of ___72___ you display regularly, which can give you information about the bad effects of your fatigue.
● Think about the people who can sense your fatigue.
Reflection
● Find out the things that need___73___by thinking carefully about the choices you've made.
● Think___74___, and you will feel refreshed and be ready to move forward.
___75___
● Be open to others but don't ___76___too much.
● There is no need to tell others everything but you do need to show ___77___ by telling the truth.
● Show respect for others by___78___carefully.
Planandact
●___79___ yourself of what brings you down and start afresh.
● Make small___80___or adopt a selfcare attitude.
【答案】71. Awareness
72. trouble
73. changing
74. positively
75. Conversation
76. complain
77. honesty
78. listening
79. Rid 80. adjustments/changes
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章作者对于如何恢复精力，给出了一些建议和方法。
【71题详解】
根据第二段Awareness comes first because you have to understand what's going on before you can do anything to change it.（意识是第一位的，因为在你做任何事情去改变它之前，你必须先了解发生了什么。）这一部分主要讲了意识，所以填Awareness。
【72题详解】
根据第二段What signs of trouble do you regularly display?可知这里填trouble。
【73题详解】
根据第三段Reflecting on the choices you've made can provide clarity, which will help you figure out what needs to be changed.可知这里意思是仔细思考你所做的选择，找出需要改变的地方。need doing需要做某事，该用法是固定用法，所以填changing。
【74题详解】
根据第三段Thinking about the positive aspects of your life will make you feel refreshed and ready to move forward. 可知这里意思是积极地思考，你会感到精神焕发，准备好继续前进。该空修饰动词Think，用副词，所以填positively。
【75题详解】
根据第四段Conversing with others not only provides support, but also leads to new perspectives and feedback that can help with treatment and what you need to heal.结合表格中的内容，可知这一部分主要讲了谈话，所以填Conversation。
【76题详解】
根据第四段Limit complaining. Complaints may need to be aired in order to relieve pressure, but if they dominate(占上风), anger will win.可知这里意思是向他人敞开心扉，但不要抱怨太多。助动词don't后，接动词原形，所以填complain。
【77题详解】
根据第四段Tell the truth. You do not need to tell people everything, but you do need to be honest.可知这里意思是没有必要把一切都告诉别人，但是你需要通过讲真话来表现出诚实。作动词show的宾语，用名词，所以填honesty。
【78题详解】
根据第四段Listen carefully because it shows respect.可知这里意思是认真倾听，尊重他人。介词by之后，接v+ing形式，所以填listening。
【79题详解】
根据最后一段The fourth step is about renewal—getting rid of what is bringing you down and making a fresh start.可知这里意思是摆脱让你沮丧的事情，重新开始。祈使句用动词原形，所以填Rid。
【80题详解】
根据最后一段It is easier to make small adjustments than big ones. 可知这里意思是做一些小的调整或采取自我照顾的态度。作Make的宾语，用名词，所以填adjustments/changes。
第五部分 书面表达(满分25分)
81.请认真阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Have you heard about the “small goal” Wang Jianlin talked about in a show？Wang Jianlin, founder and chairman of Dalian Wanda Group, made a statement during an interview part of the show on how young people who want to become wealthy should plan ahead, “The direction is correct. But at first you'd better set a reachable tiny goal. For example, I can start with earning only 100 million.” Though the statement about “setting a small goal” went viral on social media mostly as an amazing opinion, there is no denying that setting proper goals really plays an important role in people's life.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2. 综合上述信息，用约120个单词阐述设定目标对青少年的重要性以及我们应该如何规划以实现自己的人生目标。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Despite Wang's suggestion that young people should work out a plan to realize their dreams, statistics indicate that most teenagers are at a loss on how to set a reachable goal.
It is undeniable that setting a clear goal is of great significance to teenagers. First and foremost, goals often serve as a guideline, helping teenagers make progress steadily towards their destinations. Furthermore, it is the process of striving to achieve the target that teenagers can derive pleasure from. Without goals, teenagers might be in the dark about what to do.
As teenagers, we should know nothing has a greater influence on life than future planning. Firstly, we should make it clear where our passion lies and set a primary goal. Then we'd better stay focused and commit ourselves to achieving the target. Only by the combination of clear goals and persistent endeavor can we steadily raise the level of aspiration.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇任务型写作。1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；2. 综合上述信息，用约120个单词阐述设定目标对青少年的重要性以及我们应该如何规划以实现自己的人生目标。
【详解】本文是一篇任务型写作。共分两个任务：第一个任务要求用约30个词概述所给信息的主要内容；第二个任务要求阐述设定目标对青少年的重要性以及我们应该如何规划以实现自己的人生目标。第二部分给出了写作提纲，两大要点是中心。注意完成第一任务时，语言使用应简练、准确、到位。在第二个任务中，应涵盖题目所列出的两大要点。本文应主要使用一般现在时态。写作过程中注意使用平时学到的短语和句型，注意行文的连贯和逻辑性。
【点睛】本文是一篇任务型写作。文章要点概括齐全，重点突出，层次分明，同时文中使用高级句子。It is undeniable that setting a clear goal is of great significance to teenagers.主语从句的运用，为文章增色添彩。
英语
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.
Who might Sam be?
A. A baby. B. A pet. C. A toy.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】M: Mum, Sam's escaped from his box. I've been looking for him all over the house.
W: You mean the partner I bought you last week? Oh, look! He's climbing the tree.
2.
What did the woman do last night?
A. She stayed at home. B. She went to a party. C. She saw a doctor.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】M: I've heard everybody had a good time at Cindy's birthday party last night. I'm sorry to have missed it.
W: Actually I couldn't make it either. I suddenly had a fever yesterday.
M: Oh, no. Did you see the doctor?
W: No. I was just in my bed all day long.
3.
Where are the speakers?
A. At a party. B. In a store. C. In their new house.
【答案】C
【解析】
详解】M: Look, how great our new house looks, but it still needs one thing.
W: Is there anything we need to buy?
M: No, but we should have a housewarming party!
W: That sounds fun! It will give people a chance to see our new place.
4.
What does the woman mean?
A. Her sister loves villages. B. Tom makes a mistake. C. She likes her sister.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】M: Cindy, I can't believe we'll visit England next week. I want to see the famous churches.
W: Well, I'd like to see the lovely villages.
M: Really? But you said you hate villages.
W: Oh, Tom, it's my sister who said that.
5.
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A picture. B. A holiday. C. A sport.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】W: Is this you in this photograph, Daniel?
M: Yeah, my dad took that on our skiing holiday last year. We climbed right to the top of this mountain.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What happened to the man?
A. He broke a machine. B. The machine owed him 25 cents.
C. The machine owner refused to help him.
7. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Call the police. B. Rock the machine.
C. Call the number on the machine.
【答案】6. B 7. C
【解析】
W: Hey, what's up?
M: Well, I put a dollar in this machine for a seventyfivecent chocolate bar. Then I pressed the change button, but nothing happened.
W: Well, did you talk to the shop owner over there to see if he could give back your money?
M: Yeah, I tried that, but he said he didn't own the machine. Hey, I have an idea. Why don't we rock the machine until the thing falls?
W: Oh no. I don't want to be responsible for breaking the machine, and besides, someone might call the police. Why not try the phone number on the machine?
M: Yeah, you're right.
【6题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【7题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. Why is the man's blue shirt no longer suitable for him?
A. He's put on much weight. B. He thinks it's old.
C. He's grown taller.
9. What does the woman think of the man?
A. Lucky. B. Busy. C. Lazy.
【答案】8. A 9. C
【解析】
W: Hi, Max. Are you ready to go to the party?
M: No, I don't know what to wear. I've got so few nice clothes.
W: Well, what about your new blue shirt?
M: It's no longer suitable. It's too small for me. I think I've grown.
W: Don't be so silly. You're twentythree. You haven't grown. You're just too fat.
M: You say such unkind things to me. You don't understand because you're so lucky.
W: What do you mean?
M: You lose weight so easily.
W: You talk such nonsense! I'm fit because I walk everywhere. Your problem is that you don't take exercise. You like sitting on the sofa and doing nothing.
M: You don't know what my job's like. I have so little time.
【8题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【9题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10. How many showers has the man taken today?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three.
11. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Clean up the bathroom. B. Learn more about cities. C. Take a quick shower.
12. What did Michael tell the woman?
A. Water supply in cities is endless.
B. Water shortage happens everywhere.
C. It's no good taking more than one shower a day.
【答案】10. B 11. C 12. B
【解析】
M: Mum, it's hot out there. I'm going to take a shower.
W: Another one? Haven't you already taken two today?
M: Well, I'm sweaty! Why can't you smell me from over there?
W: You really shouldn't take more than one shower a day though. You're wasting water.
M: But water is not that expensive.
W: Water is an important resource! And we don't have endless supply of it.
M: But if I don't shower, I'll smell up the whole house!
W: Well, at least keep it short. If you cut your shower time by two minutes, you can save about 600 litres a month.
M: That much? When did you become such a water expert?
W: Since my friend Michael told me about the water shortages that are happening all over the world.
M: But we've always had lots of water in the city.
W: We have water now, but more people on the planet means less water to go around. Think about that as you shower.
【10题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【11题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【12题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13. Why does the woman come to Manchester?
A. To watch a concert. B. To visit a friend. C. To give a performance.
14. How did the woman feel when she first sang in public?
A. Nervous. B. Happy. C. Disappointed.
15. Where will the woman go tonight?
A. To theatres. B. To clubs. C. To bars.
16. Who is Dean?
A. The woman's boyfriend. B. A club owner. C. A newspaper reporter.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. A
【解析】
M: Hi, Della. How long are you going to stay here?
W: Only four days. I know that's not long enough. But I have to go to London after the concert here at the weekend.
M: I'm looking forward to that concert very much. Can you tell us where you sang in public for the first time?
W: Umm, at my high school concert. My legs shook uncontrollably and I almost fell.
M: I don't believe that! Della, have you been to any clubs in Manchester?
W: No, I haven't. But my boyfriend and I are going out this evening. We know Manchester has got some great clubs. And tomorrow we'll go to some bars.
M: Oh, who is your boyfriend now, Della?
W: Dean. We're still together. I know the newspapers say we're not together anymore, but they're wrong!
M: I'm happy to hear that, Della. We all love your music, but whose music do you like best?
W: Ah, Dean's! I know he's going to be famous soon.
【13题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【14题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【15题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【16题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. What does Carl think of his music life?
A. Interesting. B. Helpful. C. Worthwhile.
18. What is Carl's problem at the moment?
A. He finds it hard to succeed. B. He's tired of working early.
C. He lacks time to write songs.
19. Why would Carl go to a quiet place?
A. To be free from his work. B. To focus on his songwriting.
C. To gain some life experience.
20. How would Carl probably enjoy himself if he had no work to do?
A. By going shopping. B. By talking with friends.
C. By traveling around the world.
【答案】17. A 18. C 19. B 20. A
【解析】
W: Welcome to Music World. I'm Patti and our guest this week is every band's favorite songwriter, Carl Ryder.
M: Hi, Patti.
W: Thanks for coming to our program, Carl. Is life in the music business all fun, or are there any disadvantages?
M: Well, it is fun, yes, but if you want to be successful it is hard work. That can cause problems. For example, I wish I had more free time.
W: What would you do, if you didn't have so much work?
M: Well, if I had time, I'd go to more concerts. It's good for me to hear new bands.
W: I hope you'll get a break soon. But what about new songs? Are you writing any new songs at the moment?
M: Oh yeah, I am. But it's tiring, because I'm trying to write new songs in the evening and in the day I'm going to meetings, working with singers and so on. I wish I wasn't so busy. It would be good if I could spend a few weeks somewhere just writing songs.
W: Well, I know you can't go away now, but if you could go anywhere in the world, where would you go?
M: If I went away now, I'd choose somewhere warm and sunny, but quiet.
W: But wouldn't you be bored if it was a quiet place?
M: No, because I'd write songs. I wouldn't want to talk to people if I had songs to write. Of course I'd go somewhere lively if I didn't have any work to do at all, somewhere with lots of clubs and good shops!
W: OK Carl, thank you for giving us your time today.
M: You're welcome.
【17题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【18题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【19题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【20题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
21.Whether to favor urban development or the preservation of historical sites is especially controversial in China, where there exists rich history, diversified tradition and cultural ________.
A. surplus B. deposits C. accounts D. receipts
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：在有着丰富历史、多元传统和文化底蕴的中国，究竟是支持城市发展，还是保护历史古迹，尤其存在争议。A. surplus剩余；B. deposits底蕴；C. accounts账目；D. receipts进款，故选B。
22.As a(n) ________ and effective method, expressway noise barrier is a primary measure used to reduce traffic noise.
A. correctional B. flexible C. economical D. investigative
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：高速公路隔声屏障作为一种经济有效的方法，是降低交通噪声的主要措施。A. correctional 修正的；B. flexible灵活的；C. economical经济的；D. investigative研究的，故选C。
23.Due to the reform and openingup, our living conditions, undoubtedly, have improved ________ over the past decades.
A. considerately B. approximately C. appropriately D. considerably
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查副词辨析。句意：由于改革开放，我们的生活条件，毫无疑问，在过去的几十年里有了很大的改善。A. considerately体谅地； B. approximately大约；C. appropriately适当地；D. considerably相当地，故选D。
24.I hope that we will be able to make it through the tough times and back to the business of working together ________ our common goals.
A. on behalf of B. in honor of C. on top of D. in search of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我希望我们能够度过艰难的时期，回到为我们共同的目标而共同努力的事业上来。A. on behalf of为了；B. in honor of为庆祝…；C. on top of 在…之上；D. in search of寻找，故选A。
25.She said her ________ is enough to support her in later years and that her only hope is that her son can visit regularly. After all she had not much time left.
A. pension B. benefit C. allowance D. bonus
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：她说，她的养老金足以支撑她晚年的生活，她唯一的希望就是她的儿子能定期来看望她。毕竟她已经没有多少时间了。A. pension养老金；B. benefit利益；C. allowance津贴；D. bonus奖金，故选A。
26.Competed in 1891, in ________ was known as The Gilded Age, the fivestory mansion is now owned by a famous actor who decides to stage a special production of Shakespeare's Hamlet.
A. that B. what C. which D. it
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这座五层楼高的豪宅始建于1891年，当时被称为“镀金时代”，现在的主人是一位著名演员，他决定举行莎士比亚戏剧《哈姆雷特》的特别演出。________ was known as The Gilded Age是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故选B。
27.Contrary to popular belief, the ants, hardworking ________ they are, have their time for play.
A. because B. while C. as D. where
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：与人们普遍认为的相反，尽管蚂蚁很勤劳，但它们也有玩耍的时间。文中含有一个让步状语从句，并且使用了倒装，as 引导让步状语从句，句子要倒装，while不能用倒装，故选C。
28.When faced with a big challenge ________ potential failure seems to hide at every corner, maybe you've heard this advice before: “Be more confident.”
A. where B. whose C. which D. of which
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当面对一个巨大的挑战时，潜在的失败似乎无处不在，也许你以前听过这个建议:“更自信。”________ potential failure seems to hide at every corner是一个定语从句，先行词是 a big challenge，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选A。
29.Peterson, a great archaeologist, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe that the ministry was ________ this problem, but we feel that we can't wait any longer.”
A. looking out B. bringing out C. carrying out D. sorting out
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Peterson是一位伟大的考古学家，他说：“考古学家一直非常有耐心，因为我们被误导，认为政府的部门正在解决这个问题，但我们觉得我们不能再等下去了。” A. looking out当心；B. bringing out出版；C. carrying out实施；D. sorting out解决，故选D。
30.The laptops made by our company sell best, but nobody could have guessed the place in the market that they ________ 20 years ago.
A. had had B. had C. were having D. were to have
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们公司生产的笔记本电脑卖得最好，但是，二十年前，没有人能猜到它们在市场上的地位。表示过去将要发生的事情，用过去将来时，故选D。
31.In my driving lesson, a traffic rule that impressed me most is that in no time ________ when the traffic lights turn red.
A. all vehicles should stop B. should all vehicles stop
C. should stop all vehicles D. should stop all vehicles
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装。句意：在我的驾驶课上，给我印象最深的一条交通规则是，当交通灯变红时，所有的车辆都应该立即停车。in no time放句首不需要倒装，因为不是否定词，而是“立即”的意思。如果是表示否定意义的词，如in no case，in no way，by no means，意为“绝不”，
放在句首是要倒装的。故本题选A。
32.Frankly speaking, I am not sure whether I ________ this in the old days with that kind of equipment, which looks quite odd and ridiculous.
A. should have done B. need have done C. would have done D. must have done
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：坦率地说，我不确定在过去我是否会用这种设备做这件事，这看起来很奇怪和可笑。A. should have done表示本应该做某事，而实际上没有做某事；B. need have done表示本来需要做某事而没有做；C. would have done虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”；D. must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，故选C。
33.—I have been considering cancelling the project because it seems hard to go farther.
—But it's too early to________ now. There's still much hope.
A. pick up the pieces B. throw in the towel
C. go through your paces D. jump down your throat
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查谚语辨析。句意：——我一直在考虑取消这个项目，因为似乎很难再做下去了。——但是现在认输还为时过早。还有很大的希望。根据There's still much hope.可知这里意思是“但是现在认输还为时过早。” A. pick up the pieces（跌倒后）重新爬起来；B. throw in the towel认输；C. go through your paces检查你的步伐；D. jump down your throat暴跳如雷，故选B。
34.________ the concert to raise money for hunger relief and to make the public aware of the problem, Geldof invited many famous musicians to take part in it.
A. Intended B. Intending C. Having intended D. To intend
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：盖尔多夫邀请了许多著名的音乐家参加这场音乐会，打算为消除饥饿筹集资金，并让公众意识到这个问题。intend的逻辑主语是Geldof，它们之间是主动关系，用现在分词作原因状语，且分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，所以用现在分词的一般时作原因状语，故选B。
35.—Oh, Hannah just told me that she was unable to translate the report into English.
—________？She once spent 10 years living in London.
A. Guess what B. Why not C. So what D. How come
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景对话。句意：——噢，Hannah刚刚告诉我，她不能把报告翻译成英语。——怎么会那样？她曾经在伦敦生活了10年。根据She once spent 10 years living in London.可知这里意思是怎么会那样。A. Guess what猜怎么了；B. Why not为何不…（用来提建议）；C. So what那又怎样；D. How come怎么会那样，故选D。
第二节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
My mother and her family kept information about my father and his family a secret from me for over half a century. In 2010 I began to ___36___ my father through Ancestry.com. However, I learned he had ___37___ cancer on August 6, 1999 in a hospital in Dallas, Texas.
When I got my father's death ___38___， the medical examiner told me because my father had no ___39___ around the city, they buried him in a body bag in a(n) ___40___ grave in an old cemetery.
I knew my father ___41___ in WW2 so I decided to work on getting his remains ___42___ to my state to be buried in our national cemetery. From 2011 to 2017 I kept working on ___43___ my debt from a divorce and increasing my ___44___ score so someday I could get a personal loan.
That certificate of ___45___ service proved my father served 43 months in WW2 in the USA Army Air Force fighting the Nazi's. I still did not have the money ___46___. In July of 2018 a bank approved a $10，000 personal loan so I had a funeral director ___47___ a permit to exhume my father. After 4 months of ___48___ I asked Senator Brown for help again in November. Six days after he contacted Texas officials a permit was ___49___.
On July 9, 2019 an airplane will ___50___ at the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport ___51___ I will be finally ___52___ with my father and touch his metal casket and the missing piece of my heart will be ___53___.
On January 10, 2019 the Ohio Patriot Guard Riders will escort my father's hearse through my ___54___ to be buried with honors in our states National cemetery and one day in January Senator Brown will have an American Flag ___55___ over our Nation's Capital to honor my father.
If you never give up one day your dream will become a reality.
36. A. hire out B. allow for C. search for D. dive in
37. A. suffered from B. died of C. evolved into D. died from
38. A. adjustment B. diploma C. penalty D. certificate
39. A. soldiers B. seniors C. relatives D. enemies
40. A. unprotected B. unmarked C. theoretical D. mobile
41. A. joined B. played C. served D. enrolled
42. A. brought down B. brought in C. brought out D. brought back
43. A. lowering B. increasing C. wiping D. swapping
44. A. housing B. employment C. marriage D. credit
45. A. sustainable B. military C. authentic D. historic
46. A. moreover B. while C. though D. therefore
47. A. apply to B. apply for C. try out D. try on
48. A. clarifying B. waiting C. requesting D. wrestling
49. A. suspended B. rejected C. granted D. substituted
50. A. land B. stop C. leave D. touch
51. A. which B. whose C. where D. when
52. A. confronted B. reunited C. involved D. occupied
53. A. reserved B. restricted C. restored D. rewarded
54. A. school B. church C. country D. hometown
55. A. flowed B. flown C. covered D. controlled
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. C 40. B 41. C 42. D 43. A 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. B 48. B 49. C 50. A 51. C 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇故事类阅读。文章作者通过讲述自己坚持不懈接自己父亲的灵柩回家乡的故事，说明了坚持不放弃，你便是生活的主人。
【36题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。根据through Ancestry.com可知作者开始通过Ancestry.Com网站寻找作者父亲的相关信息。A. hire out出租；B. allow for考虑到；C. search for寻找；D. dive in头朝下跳入水中，故选C。
【37题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。根据When I got my father's death ___3___可知这里意思是作者父亲早已在1999年8月6日去世，在德克萨斯州达拉斯市的一家医院里，死因是癌症。A. suffered from遭受；B. died of死于；C. evolved into发展成；D. died from死于，若死因存在于人体之上或之内（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因），一般用介词 of；若死因不是存在人体之内或之上，而是由环境造成的（主要指事故等方面的外部原因），一般用介词 from，故选B。
【38题详解】
考查名词辨析。根据the medical examiner told me because my father had no ___4___ around the city, they buried him in a body bag in a(n) ___5___ grave in an old cemetery.可知这里意思是作者拿到了父亲的死亡证明。A. adjustment调整；B. diploma毕业证书；C. penalty罚款；D. certificate证明，故选D。
【39题详解】
考查名词辨析。根据they buried him in a body bag in a(n) ___5___ grave in an old cemetery.可知由于作者父亲在当地没有任何家属，医院只能把他埋葬在一个废旧的墓地里，墓碑上没有名字，遗骸入殓于廉价的裹尸袋之中。A. soldiers士兵；B. seniors年长者；C. relatives亲属；D. enemies敌人，故选C。
【40题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：医院只能把他埋葬在一个废旧的墓地里，墓碑上没有名字，遗骸入殓于廉价的裹尸袋之中。A. unprotected无保护的；B. unmarked没有名字的；C. theoretical理论的；D. mobile可移动的，故选B。
【41题详解】
考查动词辨析。这里意思是作者知道父亲曾在二战中服役，作者决定想尽一切办法，把父亲的遗骸带回作者所在的州，入葬在国家公墓。A. joined参加；B. played演奏； C. served服役；D. enrolled登记，故选C。
42题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。这里意思是作者知道父亲曾在二战中服役，作者决定想尽一切办法，把父亲的遗骸带回作者所在的州，入葬在国家公墓。A. brought down降低；B. brought in引进；C. brought out出版；D. brought back拿回来，故选D。
【43题详解】
考查动词辨析。这里意思是后来作者离婚了，从2011年到2017年，六年的时间里，作者一直设法降低自己由于离婚所必须支付的债务，并提升作者的个人信用度，以冀某天能获得一笔个人贷款，完成作者让父亲入土在国家公墓的心愿。A. lowering降低； B. increasing增加；C. wiping 擦干；D. swapping交换，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词辨析。根据so someday I could get a personal loan.可知这里意思是作者一直设法降低自己由于离婚所必须支付的债务，并提升作者的个人信用度。A. housing房屋；B. employment雇用；C. marriage结婚；D. credit信用，故选D。
【45题详解】
考查形容词辨析。根据in WW2 in the USA Army Air Force fighting the Nazi's.可知这里意思是军方出具了一份证明，证明作者父亲在二战期间服役于美国空军，与纳粹战斗了43个月之久。A. sustainable可以忍受的；B. military军事的；C. authentic真正的；D. historic有历史意义的，故选B。
【46题详解】
考查副词辨析。这里意思是尽管，作者还是出不起这笔钱。A. moreover此外；B. while当……的时候；C. though虽然；D. therefore因此，故选C。
【47题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。这里意思是2018年7月，银行批准了作者的个人贷款，作者获得了1万美元的贷款，联系了一位丧葬承办人，请他代理申请作者父亲的转葬事宜。A. apply to适用于；B. apply for申请；C. try out试验；D. try on试穿，故选B。
【48题详解】
考查动词辨析。这里意思是经过4个月的漫长等待，在11月，作者不得不再次请求一位姓Brown的议员伸出援手。A. clarifying净化；B. waiting等待；C. requesting要求；D. wrestling摔跤，故选B。
【49题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：他为我跟德克萨斯州政府官员进行了交涉，6天后，转葬事宜获得了批准。A. suspended推迟；B. rejected拒绝；C. granted允许；D. substituted代替，故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词辨析。这里意思是2019年7月9日，一架飞机将会降落在克里夫兰霍普金斯国际机场。A. land登录；B. stop 停止；C. leave离开；D. touch触摸，故选A。
【51题详解】
考查定语从句。___16___ I will be finally ___17___ with my father and touch his metal casket and the missing piece of my heart will be ___18___.是一个定语从句，先行词是the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选C。
【52题详解】
考查动词辨析。这里意思是在那里，作者父子终于可以重聚了，作者可以触碰到父亲的金属棺材，作者内心缺失的部分可以修复了。A. confronted面对；B. reunited重聚；C. involved涉及；D. occupied占有，故选B。
【53题详解】
考查动词辨析。这里意思是在那里，作者父子终于可以重聚了，作者可以触碰到父亲的金属棺材，作者内心缺失的部分可以修复了。A. reserved保留；B. restricted限制； C. restored修复；D. rewarded奖赏，故选C。
【54题详解】
考查名词辨析。这里意思是2019年1月10日，俄亥俄州爱国者卫队骑手将护卫着父亲的灵柩穿过作者的家乡，将遗体礼葬在国家公墓。A. school学校；B. church教堂；C. country国家；D. hometown家乡，故选D。
【55题详解】
考查动词辨析。这里意思是Brown先生将带着一面美国国旗飞跃首都上空，向作者的父亲致敬。A. flowed流动；B. flown飞行；C. covered覆盖；D. controlled控制，故选B。
【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，小题1根据through Ancestry.com可知作者开始通过Ancestry.Com网站寻找作者父亲的相关信息。A. hire out出租；B. allow for考虑到；C. search for寻找；D. dive in头朝下跳入水中，故选C。小题10根据in WW2 in the USA Army Air Force fighting the Nazi's.可知这里意思是军方出具了一份证明，证明作者父亲在二战期间服役于美国空军，与纳粹战斗了43个月之久。A. sustainable可以忍受的；B. military军事的；C. authentic真正的；D. historic有历史意义的，故选B。
第三部分 阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
New York City is a world capital in every sense of the word—it's a cultural and economic powerhouse, and arguably the most influential city on the planet. But it wasn't always this way, as the following cities once dominated the world around them.
DjenneDjenno
In the flood lands of the Niger delta people have been building houses and other structures with clay for centuries. The town of DjenneDjenno is made entirely out of clay. It was inhabited as far back as 250 BC, and became an important link in the transSaharan gold trade(跨撒哈拉黄金交易). Constructed on hills called “toguere”， the city managed to escape the marshy(沼泽) landscape and annual floods produced by the rainy season. DjenneDjenno is believed to be one of the earliest settlements in the subSaharan region, and is considered by some to be “the typical African City”.
Archeological evidence shows us a continuous human presence in the area up until the 14th century AD, when people moved to the nearby town of Djenne, founded in the 11th century. Further evidence points out that even before the city's construction, the Bozo people were growing wild rice in the region. In the 13th century AD, with King Koumboro's conversion to Islam, its palace transformed into a mosque.
Carthage
Legend has it that Carthage was founded by Queen Dido of the Phoenicians. She fled the city of Tyre located in presentday Lebanon in order to escape the hatred of her brother Pygmalion, who was her rival to the throne. Along with a group of settlers, she traveled a great distance by sea and landed in North Africa, where she met King Iarbas. He offered to give them land in order to build a settlement, but no bigger than the surface covered by the hide(牛皮) of an ox. They cleverly cut the hide into thin strips and were able to enclose a fairly large area of land. On this land, the mighty city of Carthage was built.
These stories are most likely just that, but the fact that the Phoenicians built the city around 760 BC is true. Located in such a good position—in the middle of the Mediterranean, close to Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica, and a pretty good distance from Egypt—helped make Carthage a leading trade center and military power. The population soon reached half a million citizens and, in order to house them all, buildings were all built five or six stories tall. Carthage was the first city in ancient times to have a centralized sewage system, linking all buildings within the city walls. The most notable of structures among the ruins was the “Thophet”， which is believed to be an altar(圣坛) for child sacrifice.
Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan was the capital city of the Aztec Empire. It was built on an island surrounded by Lake Texcoco deep inside the jungles of Central America. By the time the Spanish conquerors were aware of its existence, the population was around 200，000. This was a city very different from what the Europeans were used to. Founded in 1325 AD, the Aztec capital was joined to the mainland by three causeways(堤道). It was laid out in straight street grids and had enormous pyramids at its center, which were surrounded by the skulls of the dead and ceremonial sculptures.
56. What do we know about the ancient cities?
A. Tenochtitlan was the first city to link all buildings within the city walls using a centralized sewage system.
B. Carthage was considered to have played an important role in the transSaharan gold trade.
C. There was no doubt that Carthage was founded by Queen Dido of the Phoenicians.
D. According to some people, the city DjenneDjenno is “a typical African city”.
57. The passage is most probably taken from ________.
A. a news report B. a science fiction C. a history book D. a research paper
【答案】56. D 57. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了历史上，曾经统治着它们周围世界的一些城市。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在DjenneDjenno部分DjenneDjenno is believed to be one of the earliest settlements in the subSaharan region, and is considered by some to be “the typical African City”.（DjenneDjenno被认为是撒哈拉以南地区最早的定居点之一，被一些人认为是“典型的非洲城市”。）由此可知，D选项描述正确，故选D。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。第一段New York City is a world capital in every sense of the word—it's a cultural and economic powerhouse, and arguably the most influential city on the planet. But it wasn't always this way, as the following cities once dominated the world around them.（从任何意义上说，纽约都是世界之都——它是一个文化和经济强国，可以说是这个星球上最具影响力的城市。但情况并不总是这样，因为下面这些城市曾经统治着它们周围的世界）是全文的主题段，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要介绍了历史上，曾经统治着它们周围世界的一些城市，所以这篇文章最可能出自历史书，故选D。
【点睛】关于阅读中的细节理解题
1.直接信息题
对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。
2.间接信息题
做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。
本题第1小题属于细节理解题中的直接信息题。答案定位在答案定位在DjenneDjenno部分DjenneDjenno is believed to be one of the earliest settlements in the subSaharan region, and is considered by some to be “the typical African City”.（DjenneDjenno被认为是撒哈拉以南地区最早的定居点之一，被一些人认为是“典型的非洲城市”。）由此可知，D选项描述正确，故选D。
B
You know those nutrition guidelines the government issues every few years? It turns out that following them isn't just good for your health. It's good for the planet, too.
“What we found is that impacts vary across nations, but in the highimpact nations, in general, you can see that, if you follow a nationally recommended diet, despite the fact that these diets don't mention explicitly—or most of them don't explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that. So that's sort of fairly clear across all the highincome nations.” said Paul Behrens, an environmental scientist at Leiden University in the Netherlands.
The food we eat takes a big toll on the environment. A third of the icefree land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all humancaused greenhouse gas emissions. Fertilizer runoff also leads to other problems, like the algae blooms in Lake Eerie and the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico.
However, following dietary guidelines would reduce those impacts, especially in wealthy countries like the US. “Most of the reductions come from meat and dairy，” which have an outsized impact on land use and pollution, and are a major source of greenhouse gases.(That's partly due to cow farts. Seriously.) Following the suggestions would also mean eating fewer calories, since many people here eat more than they need.
Overall, in highincome countries, Behren's team estimates that following the rules could result in as much as a 17 percent reduction in land use, a 21 percent reduction in nutrient pollution, and a 25 percent drop in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Cutting down on how much food we waste—which is roughly a third in the US—could help even more. The results are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Of course, people are notoriously bad at following diets. But: “These nationally recommended guidelines do actually have a knockon effect on other areas of policy making. So if I'm developing a new healthyeatingforschools program then that's going to be based off a lot of detail that I get from the nationally recommended guidelines. So while it might not necessarily be the case that people follow directly … they actually are quite influential on the preparation of other advice.”
It seems that a smaller environmental footprint and a healthier lifestyle could go hand in hand.
58. Which of the following statement will Paul Behrens approve of?
A. Following a nationally recommended diet can have similar impacts in different countries.
B. Following a nationally recommended diet can do good to our health.
C. Not all the countries have recommended diets in an explicit manner.
D. Some highincome nations don't mention the diet explicitly for its impacts can be ignored.
59. What do the underlined words “takes a big toll on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. shows signs of B. has a bad effect on
C. takes full advantage of D. makes up for
60. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Food production can lead to about 20 percent of humancaused greenhouse gas with only a third of the icefree land used.
B. It is estimated that following dietary guidelines can lead to decrease in more land use than in nutrient pollution.
C. Paul Behrens' new program concerning healthy eating for schools is likely to be based on national nutrition guidelines.
D. Some wealthy countries tend to reduce meat and dairy though the other areas of policy making isn't effected much.
【答案】58. C 59. B 60. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了营养指南对地球也有利。通过膳食指南，似乎可以减轻对环境的伤害，人类自己也可以过上健康的生活，二者可以兼得。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在第二段“What we found is that impacts vary across nations, but in the highimpact nations, in general, you can see that, if you follow a nationally recommended diet, despite the fact that these diets don't mention explicitly—or most of them don't explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that.（“我们发现（营养膳食指南的）影响因国家而异，但总的来说，在影响力较大的国家，如果你遵循国家推荐的膳食指南，即使这些膳食并未明晰对环境的影响，或者大多数膳食没有明确说明这一点，但是你对环境的影响会因为遵循指南而减轻。）由此推断出“并非所有国家都以明确的方式推荐饮食”，这个观点Paul Behrens会赞成，故选C。
【59题详解】
词义猜测题。下文A third of the icefree land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all humancaused greenhouse gas emissions. Fertilizer runoff also leads to other problems, like the algae blooms in Lake Eerie and the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico.说地球上三分之一的无冰区被用于农业生产，根据一些估算，食物生产大约占到了人类造成的温室气体排放量的五分之一。肥料径流也导致了其他问题，例如伊利湖的藻类爆发以及墨西哥湾的死亡区域。由此推断出划线词所在的句子意思是我们所吃的食物给环境带来了巨大代价。takes a big toll on意思是付出了巨大的代价，A. shows signs of显示…迹象；B. has a bad effect on付出了巨大的代价；C. takes full advantage of充分利用；D. makes up for弥补，故选B。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在第三段A third of the icefree land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all humancaused greenhouse gas emissions.（地球上三分之一的无冰区被用于农业生产，根据一些估算，食物生产大约占到了人类造成的温室气体排放量的五分之一。）由此可知。A选项的描述“粮食生产可导致约20%的人为造成的温室气体，而只使用了三分之一的无冰土地”正确，故选A。
C
A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day. Those surprising results appear in the journal Scientific Reports.
Shining iridescent color, which changes depending on the angle from which it's viewed, is favored by everything from birds to beetles and blossoms to butterflies.
“And in our research group we are of course interested in why this vivid metallic color is so widespread in nature.” Karin Kjernsmo of the University of Bristol adds that in some cases the showy splashes of light are a sexual strategy. “Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection. For example, in many of these cases it is the males that have these vivid iridescent colors and they use them in mate choice or they use them as a signal to attract mates.” But iridescence also shows up in situations where reproduction is not an issue. “So what we are studying now is whether natural selection imposed by predation(捕食行为) could explain the occurrence of iridescence in prey animals.”
The idea that eyecatching colors could be used as a coverup isn't a new one.“The father of camouflage theory, Abbott Thayer, really believed that iridescence should be categorized as a camouflage strategy. And he wrote in his famous lifework ConcealingColoration in the Animal Kingdom, already in 1909, that ‘brilliantly changeable or metallic colors are among the strongest factors in an animal's concealment’. And this sounds like a completely unreasonable thing to say, because how can colors that are both brilliant and changeable contribute to animal's concealment？”
“In a similar way, we were asking whether iridescence, due to its changeability, could work as a form of camouflage by preventing shape recognition.” Kjernsmo and her colleagues trained bumblebees to associate a particular shape—a circle or an oval—with a sugar reward. And they found that the bees, when given a choice, would preferentially visit the shape they knew to be sweet. But when the shapes were iridescent, the bees had trouble telling them apart. “It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish.” As for making use of this method for hiding in plain sight, “Any practical applications is of course directly linked to any industry that has an interest in camouflage, that is how to conceal objects or make them more difficult to recognize.” The researchers are currently conducting experiments with birds, which often prey on iridescent insects to see if it helps to have a bird'seye view.
61. According to the passage, iridescence is not made use of by animals to ________.
A. live a little longer by escaping their predator(捕食者)
B. catch the attention of their mates
C. conceal themselves when in danger
D. catch sight of more colorful preys
62. From the study in the last paragraph, we can learn that ________.
A. Bees can always tell the difference between a circle and an oval
B. Bees are creatures that are fascinated by sweet things that are iridescent
C. If a circle, with a sugar reward, is iridescent, the bees may have difficulty finding it
D. Bees are likely to prefer circles to ovals, whether they are iridescent or not
63. What will be talked about in the following paragraph?
A. Whether there are any differences between bees and birds.
B. Some industries that have great interest in camouflage.
C. Why birds are not effected by iridescent insects.
D. Which camouflage theory applies more to birds.
64. Which of the following might serve as the best title of the passage?
A. A famous camouflage strategy B. Metallic iridescent as the best disguise
C. Colors unique to animals D. Shining colors as a sexual strategy
【答案】61. D 62. C 63. C 64. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇科普类阅读。这篇文章主要讲了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day.可知彩虹色被动物用来通过逃离捕食者而活得更久，排除A；根据第三段Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection.（在这里我想指出的是，在某些物种中，尤其是那些表现出强烈两性差异的物种，比如天堂鸟、孔雀，甚至在某些蝴蝶或鱼类中，彩虹色的出现很可能是由性别选择所驱动的。）可知动物用彩虹色引起同伴的注意，排除B；根据倒数第二段The idea that eyecatching colors could be used as a coverup isn't a new one.（引人注目的颜色可以用来伪装，这种想法并不新鲜），排除C，故选D。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish.（似乎我们的目标上惊人的彩虹表面在视觉上打破了原本可以辨认的目标形状，这使得它们很难区分。）故选C。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后一段说研究人员目前正在对鸟类进行实验，这些鸟类的饮食中经常含有彩虹色的昆虫。实验目的是看看鸟类的视角是否能提供帮助。由此推断接下来一段会谈论 为什么鸟类不受彩虹色昆虫的影响，故选C。
64题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day.（有时，最好的伪装其实是最耀眼的伪装，因为研究表明，闪光的金属彩虹色能在视觉上迷惑捕食者，这让五颜六色的猎物能够再存活一天）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏，故选B。
【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第3小题，文章最后一段说研究人员目前正在对鸟类进行实验，这些鸟类的饮食中经常含有彩虹色的昆虫。实验目的是看看鸟类的视角是否能提供帮助。由此推断接下来一段会谈论 为什么鸟类不受彩虹色昆虫的影响，故选C。
D
American families are accustomed to settling in faraway places, which has been a national phenomenon. Decades of data, including a more recent Gallup study, characterizes the US as one of the most geographically mobile countries in the world. “About one in four US adults(24 percent) has reported moving within the country in the past five years.” the reported noted. With the exception of Finns(23 percent) and Norwegians(22 percent), Americans move considerably more than their European peers.
Though some may move for love or family, the major reason why Americans choose to move around is, unsurprisingly, related to work. Citing data from the Current Population Survey, a post on the blog of the New York Fed noted that between 1998 and 2013, “slightly more than half of interstate(州际的) migrants said they moved for employmentrelated reasons—a category that includes moves undertaken for new jobs, job transfers, and easier commutes(通勤).”
The seeking of opportunity, particularly for an immigrant nation, is a national mythology(神话) as well as an emotional attachment to work. A new working paper analyzed by Ben Steverman at Bloomberg suggests that workers in the US now “put in almost 25 percent more hours than Europeans” in a given year. This figure has steadily risen since the 1970s, when the hours logged by workers in Western Europe and the US were roughly the same.
There are, of course, some internal factors. The US is much vaster than most European countries, plus it boasts(拥有) a common language. It is considered to be a sign of an efficient labor market that US workers can be persuaded to move to regions where there is a steady growth in jobs, such as the Sun Belt in recent years. And while American workers often have fewer labor protections than their European counterparts, as a report by the World Bank noted in 2012, American “labor laws give employers the power to fire, hire, or relocate(重新安置) workers according to their needs”， a flexibility that is thought to aid economic growth. The World Band report added that the occupation of the average US employee in 2006 was 4 years, compared to 10 years in the European Union.
Nevertheless, while Americans remain excessively mobile, FaithKarahan and Darious Li at the New York Fed are the latest to note that US workers are moving around less than before. During the 1980s, 3 percent of workingage Americans relocated to a different state each year; that figure had been cut in half by 2010. “While part of the decline can be attributed to the Great Recession，” the authors suggest, “this___65___phenomenon took place over the course of several decades and is not necessarily related to the economic conditions.”
So what accounts for this phenomenon? A roundup of theories by Brad Plumer at The Washington Post included the aging of the US workforce, the further rise of twoincome households, the burdens of real estate, evolving workplace culture, as well as the flat line of wages, which makes moving away for a job, on average, a less rewarding financial proposition.
Karahan and Li put much stock in the effects of an aging workforce, to which they attribute at least half of the decline in interstate migration. “In short, a young individual today is moving less than a young person did in the 1980s because of the higher presence of older workers，” they write, suggesting that employers have shifted their employment tactics(策略) to adapt to the changing demographics(人口统计数据) of the workforce. Needless to say, movies about this era in American life, in which fewer people set out to start lives in wideranging places, will probably be much less exciting.
65. According to the passage, in the past five years, Americans have moved ________.
A. relatively less than the British B. less frequently than Italians
C. slightly more than Norwegians D. considerably more than Finns
66. What can we infer from Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. Americans choose to move mainly for work and family.
B. Americans have a very strong interest in work.
C. Americans invested more time in work than Europeans in 1975.
D. Americans tended to move to Europe between 1998 and 2013.
67. Which of the following is NOT the reason why American workers move more than their European peers?
A. There is a common language in the US.
B. The US is much vaster than most European countries.
C. American labor laws give employers more freedom to deal with them.
D. They are offered more efficient labor protections.
68. The underlined part “this phenomenon” in Paragraph 5 refers to ________.
A. the Great Recession
B. the decline of workingage Americans' interstate migration
C. the reduction in the number of workingage Americans
D. Americans' tendency to remain mobile
69. How do American employers deal with the aging workforce according to the passage?
A. By sticking to their previous policies. B. By adjusting to it.
C. By improving their employees' job skills. D. By raising employment standard.
70. As to the current situation of Americans migration, the author might feel ________.
A. curious B. strange C. confused D. disappointed
【答案】65. C 66. B 67. D 68. B 69. B 70. D
【解析】
这是一篇议论文阅读。文章主要讲了美国家庭习惯于在遥远的地方定居，这已成为一个全国性的现象，作者对造成这一现象的原因进行了分析。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在第一段About one in four US adults(24 percent) has reported moving within the country in the past five years.” the reported noted. With the exception of Finns(23 percent) and Norwegians(22 percent), Americans move considerably more than their European peers.可知在过去的五年里，美国人的移民人数略多于挪威人，故选C。
【66题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段Though some may move for love or family, the major reason why Americans choose to move around is, unsurprisingly, related to work.（尽管有些人搬家是为了爱情或家庭，但毫无疑问，美国人选择搬家的主要原因与工作有关。）根据第三段The seeking of opportunity, particularly for an immigrant nation, is a national mythology(神话) as well as an emotional attachment to work.（寻求机会，尤其是对一个移民国家来说，既是一种民族神话，也是一种对工作的情感依恋。）由此推断出美国人对工作非常感兴趣，故选B。
【67题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在第四段And while American workers often have fewer labor protections than their European counterparts, as a report by the World Bank noted in 2012（而且，正如世界银行(World Bank) 2012年的一份报告所指出的，美国工人往往比欧洲工人得到的劳动保护更少），D选项“美国工人比欧洲工人得到了更有效的劳动保护”与文章意思不符，故选D。
【68题详解】
推理判断题。上文说During the 1980s, 3 percent of workingage Americans relocated to a different state each year; that figure had been cut in half by 2010.（在20世纪80年代，每年有3%的工作年龄美国人搬迁到不同的州；到2010年，这个数字已经减少了一半。）由此可知“this phenomenon”指的是工作年龄美国人跨州移民的减少，故选B。
【69题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段they write, suggesting that employers have shifted their employment tactics(策略) to adapt to the changing demographics(人口统计数据) of the workforce.（他们写道，这表明雇主已经改变了雇佣策略，以适应不断变化的劳动力人口结构）由此可知，根据这篇文章，可知美国的雇主们通过适应它，来应对劳动力老龄化，故选B。
【70题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段Needless to say, movies about this era in American life, in which fewer people set out to start lives in wideranging places, will probably be much less exciting.（不用说，关于这个时代，美国生活的电影，在这个时代很少有人开始在大范围的地方生活，可能不会那么令人兴奋。）由此推断出对于美国移民的现状，作者可能会感到失望，故选D。
第四部分 任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
In an ideal world, we usually get eight hours of sleep every night, and wake up with enough energy before work. But when we're struggling to balance the responsibilities of everyday life, cutting back on sleep seems to be the only solution. Many of us rely on coffee or energy drinks to get us through the day, instead of making sleep a priority. Sadly, as delicious as it can be, caffeine is not the solution. Being tired not only brings down our energy levels, but also makes us less productive and less motivated. There are concrete steps you can take right now to renew your energy.
Awareness comes first because you have to understand what's going on before you can do anything to change it. Most of us are too busy to notice how fatigue(疲劳) really affects our bodies and minds. What signs of trouble do you regularly display? The patterns of your signs of trouble can give you clues about the negative effects of your fatigue. In addition, it's wise to start thinking about whoever can feel the effects of your fatigue.
Reflecting on the choices you've made can provide clarity, which will help you figure out what needs to be changed. During this reflection, you will be able to understand more about yourself and why you do the things you do. You may decide to forgive yourself for the mistakes you've made. Thinking about the positive aspects of your life will make you feel refreshed and ready to move forward.
Conversing with others not only provides support, but also leads to new perspectives and feedback that can help with treatment and what you need to heal. To start with, have an open mind and an open heart. Limit complaining. Complaints may need to be aired in order to relieve pressure, but if they dominate(占上风), anger will win. Tell the truth. You do not need to tell people everything, but you do need to be honest. Listen carefully because it shows respect.
The fourth step is about renewal—getting rid of what is bringing you down and making a fresh start. It's helpful to break the process down. It is easier to make small adjustments than big ones. On occasion, the small steps alone can remove fatigue. For instance, you may not need to change your career but change emphasis. If you feel hopelessly dragged down by fatigue, selfcare may be the best prescription.
Four steps to fight fatigue
Phenomenon
Many people rely on coffee or energy drinks to overcome fatigue.
Steps to
renewing your
energy
___71___
● Identify the signs of ___72___ you display regularly, which can give you information about the bad effects of your fatigue.
● Think about the people who can sense your fatigue.
Reflection
● Find out the things that need___73___by thinking carefully about the choices you've made.
● Think___74___, and you will feel refreshed and be ready to move forward.
___75___
● Be open to others but don't ___76___too much.
● There is no need to tell others everything but you do need to show ___77___ by telling the truth.
● Show respect for others by___78___carefully.
Planandact
●___79___ yourself of what brings you down and start afresh.
● Make small___80___or adopt a selfcare attitude.
【答案】71. Awareness
72. trouble
73. changing
74. positively
75. Conversation
76. complain
77. honesty
78. listening
79. Rid 80. adjustments/changes
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章作者对于如何恢复精力，给出了一些建议和方法。
【71题详解】
根据第二段Awareness comes first because you have to understand what's going on before you can do anything to change it.（意识是第一位的，因为在你做任何事情去改变它之前，你必须先了解发生了什么。）这一部分主要讲了意识，所以填Awareness。
【72题详解】
根据第二段What signs of trouble do you regularly display?可知这里填trouble。
【73题详解】
根据第三段Reflecting on the choices you've made can provide clarity, which will help you figure out what needs to be changed.可知这里意思是仔细思考你所做的选择，找出需要改变的地方。need doing需要做某事，该用法是固定用法，所以填changing。
【74题详解】
根据第三段Thinking about the positive aspects of your life will make you feel refreshed and ready to move forward. 可知这里意思是积极地思考，你会感到精神焕发，准备好继续前进。该空修饰动词Think，用副词，所以填positively。
【75题详解】
根据第四段Conversing with others not only provides support, but also leads to new perspectives and feedback that can help with treatment and what you need to heal.结合表格中的内容，可知这一部分主要讲了谈话，所以填Conversation。
【76题详解】
根据第四段Limit complaining. Complaints may need to be aired in order to relieve pressure, but if they dominate(占上风), anger will win.可知这里意思是向他人敞开心扉，但不要抱怨太多。助动词don't后，接动词原形，所以填complain。
【77题详解】
根据第四段Tell the truth. You do not need to tell people everything, but you do need to be honest.可知这里意思是没有必要把一切都告诉别人，但是你需要通过讲真话来表现出诚实。作动词show的宾语，用名词，所以填honesty。
【78题详解】
根据第四段Listen carefully because it shows respect.可知这里意思是认真倾听，尊重他人。介词by之后，接v+ing形式，所以填listening。
【79题详解】
根据最后一段The fourth step is about renewal—getting rid of what is bringing you down and making a fresh start.可知这里意思是摆脱让你沮丧的事情，重新开始。祈使句用动词原形，所以填Rid。
【80题详解】
根据最后一段It is easier to make small adjustments than big ones. 可知这里意思是做一些小的调整或采取自我照顾的态度。作Make的宾语，用名词，所以填adjustments/changes。
第五部分 书面表达(满分25分)
81.请认真阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Have you heard about the “small goal” Wang Jianlin talked about in a show？Wang Jianlin, founder and chairman of Dalian Wanda Group, made a statement during an interview part of the show on how young people who want to become wealthy should plan ahead, “The direction is correct. But at first you'd better set a reachable tiny goal. For example, I can start with earning only 100 million.” Though the statement about “setting a small goal” went viral on social media mostly as an amazing opinion, there is no denying that setting proper goals really plays an important role in people's life.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2. 综合上述信息，用约120个单词阐述设定目标对青少年的重要性以及我们应该如何规划以实现自己的人生目标。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Despite Wang's suggestion that young people should work out a plan to realize their dreams, statistics indicate that most teenagers are at a loss on how to set a reachable goal.
It is undeniable that setting a clear goal is of great significance to teenagers. First and foremost, goals often serve as a guideline, helping teenagers make progress steadily towards their destinations. Furthermore, it is the process of striving to achieve the target that teenagers can derive pleasure from. Without goals, teenagers might be in the dark about what to do.
As teenagers, we should know nothing has a greater influence on life than future planning. Firstly, we should make it clear where our passion lies and set a primary goal. Then we'd better stay focused and commit ourselves to achieving the target. Only by the combination of clear goals and persistent endeavor can we steadily raise the level of aspiration.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇任务型写作。1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；2. 综合上述信息，用约120个单词阐述设定目标对青少年的重要性以及我们应该如何规划以实现自己的人生目标。
【详解】本文是一篇任务型写作。共分两个任务：第一个任务要求用约30个词概述所给信息的主要内容；第二个任务要求阐述设定目标对青少年的重要性以及我们应该如何规划以实现自己的人生目标。第二部分给出了写作提纲，两大要点是中心。注意完成第一任务时，语言使用应简练、准确、到位。在第二个任务中，应涵盖题目所列出的两大要点。本文应主要使用一般现在时态。写作过程中注意使用平时学到的短语和句型，注意行文的连贯和逻辑性。
【点睛】本文是一篇任务型写作。文章要点概括齐全，重点突出，层次分明，同时文中使用高级句子。It is undeniable that setting a clear goal is of great significance to teenagers.主语从句的运用，为文章增色添彩。
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