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天津市天津市第一中学2020届高三上学期月考英语试题
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天津一中2019-2020-1高三年级二月考英语试卷
第I卷（选择题，共115分）
第一部分：听力测试（共两节，满分20分）
第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷相应的位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话后仅读一遍。
1. What does the man think the weather will be like tonight?
A. Fine. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.
2. What are the two speakers talking about?
A Their favorite colors. B. The woman’s sweater. C. The man’s clothes.
3. What does the woman advise the man to do?
A. Buy a new cellphone. B. Check his cellphone. C. Change the ringing.
4. Why didn’t the man set off earlier?
A. Because he was worried about the traffic.
B. Because he had to talk with his aunt.
C. Because he had to pick up his aunt.
5. How long will the woman stay in Germany?
A. For three days. B. For four days. C. For five days.
第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷相应的位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the woman most probably doing?
A. Applying for scholarship.
B. Applying for a part-time job.
C. Explaining why she worked part-time.
7. What do we know about the woman?
A. She is raised by her mother alone. B. She has worked part-time for years. C. She is studying at college now.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the woman suffering from?
A. A headache. B. A fever. C. A severe disease.
9. Why didn’t the woman take any medicine?
A. Because she couldn’t find any in her house. B. Because her doctor asked her not to do that.
C. Because she didn’t know what medicine to take.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What is the man doing?
A. Reserving tickets. B. Confirming flights. C. Changing flights.
11. When does the man’s flight leave?
A. At 15:00 on August 9th. B. At 13:00 on August 19th. C. At 15:00 on August 19th.
12. How many people will the man travel with?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How did the woman probably find the party?
A. Boring. B. Exciting. C. Relaxing.
14. What did the man call the woman for yesterday?
A. Telling her about a painting contest. B. Telling her about a singing contest. C. Inviting her to go to a movie.
15. Where did the woman get the news?
A. From a neighbor. B. From the Internet. C. From someone at the party.
16. What is the man probably good at?
A. Painting. B. Singing. C. Designing parties.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. In which place was Don’t Cry last week?
A. Seventh. B. Sixth. C. Fifth.
18. Who will give a performance at the University of Pennsylvania next month?
A. Pharrell Williams. B. Katy Perry. C. John Legend.
19. How long has Happy remained No. 1?
A. For two weeks. B. For three weeks. C. For four weeks.
20. What will the audience hear at the end of the program?
A. Happy. B. All of Me. C. Dark Horse.
第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.---I’ve heard a lot about you. You got promoted, right? ______
--- Many thanks.
A. Good for you B. You asked for it
C. There you are D. You’ve gone too far
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情境交际。句意为：——我听说过很多关于你的事，你升职了，对吗？真为你高兴。——非常感谢！Good for you真为你高兴，祝贺你；You asked for it你自找的；There you are给你，就是这样；You’ve gone too far 你太过分了。根据句意，选A。
2.With the popularity of smart phones, people gradually lose the ______ for watching television, which makes TV a decoration of the house.
A. ambition B. appetite C. tolerance D. appeal
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：随着智能手机的普及，人们逐渐失去了看电视的兴趣，这使得电视成为了家里的装饰品。A. ambition野心；B. appetite欲望；兴趣；C. tolerance容忍；D. appeal呼吁；吸引力。结合句意可知选B。
3.The large passenger aircraft C919 AC 101, independently designed and developed by China, turned out to be a huge ________ success.
A. controversial B. contradictory
C. commercial D. compulsory
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由中国独立自主开发和研究的大型民航客机C919 AC01是一次巨大的商业成功。A. controversial有争议的；B. contradictory矛盾的；C. commercial商业的；D. compulsory义务的。研发出民航客机这是商业成功。故选C。
4.During Spring Festival, most of the cities in our country have ______ fireworks display because of safety and noise pollution.
A. defended B. cancelled C. burst D. broadened
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：春节期间，由于安全和噪音污染，我国大部分城市都取消了烟花表演。A. defended辩护；B. cancelled取消；C. burst爆炸；D. broadened拓展。根据句意可知选B。
5.—I ________ so busily recently that I ________ no time to help you with your maths.
—That’s OK. I can manage it by myself.
A. have been working; have B. have worked; had
C. am working; will have D. had been working; had had
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：---我最近工作太忙碌了，没时间帮你学数学。---没关系我自己能搞定。由“recently”可知，本句为现在完成进行时，表示动作还可能持续下去，而第二个空表示现在所处的状态，所以用一般现在时。故A选项正确。
6.Linda couldn’t have broken into the teacher’s office at midnight, for it was only nine o’clock ______she returned to the dormitory and had a sound sleep.
A. before B. when
C. that D. until
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：Linda不可能半夜闯进老师的办公室，因为她是在九点回到宿舍睡了个好觉。结合句意可知此处是when引导的时间状语从句，故选B。
7.—Have you paid? What’s my share of the bill?
—________. It wasn’t very much.
A. Don’t worry about it. B. It’s my share
C. None of your business. D. It’s up to you.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你付账了吗？我该分摊多少？——别放在心上。（我付的）不多。It is my share.我该付一份；none of your business不关你的事；it is up to you.由你负责。由答句可知，帐已结了（不多），所以第一方不用担心（表达一种慷慨之情）。C，B，D都不符合逻辑。故选A。
8.When I was in university, I ______ at a loss what to do in the future for a long time.
A. had felt B. have felt C. felt D. would feel
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当我在大学的时候，我很长一段时间都不知道将来该做什么。结合上文When I was in university可知是发生在大学时候的事情，故用一般过去时。故选C。
9.______ clear goals, we become stuck in daily routines until we become slaves of them.
A. On top of B. In the silence of C. On account of D. In the absence of
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：如果缺乏明确的目标，我们就会被困在日常生活中，直到成为它们的奴隶。A. On top of完全掌控；B. In the silence of在寂静中；C. On account of由于；因为；D. In the absence of缺乏；不存在。结合句意可知选D。
10.It’s natural that a man can hardly ______ a smile when he is informed of some good news.
A. hold up B. hold back C. hold out D. hold on
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当一个人听到好消息时，他忍不住要笑，这是很自然的。A. hold up举起；阻挡；B. hold back隐瞒；抑制；C. hold out坚持；伸出；D. hold on坚持；继续。结合语境 听到好消息当然开心，忍不住要微笑，可知选B。
11.China’s Chang’e 4 robotic probe entered lunar orbit on Wednesday, ________ a major step in its mission to make a soft landing on the moon’s far side.
A. marking B. to mark
C. having marked D. marked
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：周三，中国的嫦娥4号机器人探测器进入月球轨道，标志着它在月球远端软着陆任务中迈出了重要一步。逗号前是主句，逗号后是非限制性定语，修饰整个主句，结合句意，主句和mark之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语，A选项正确。
【点睛】不定式和现在分词均可用结果状语，但两者用法有区别：现在分词用作结果状语，通常表示一种自然的结果，即属预料之中的事；不定式用作结果状语，主要表示没有预料到的情况或结果，即属预料之外的事。
12.Bella, who is always cheerful, creates a friendly work atmosphere in her office every day, ________ her colleagues find pleasant and relaxing.
A. where B. which
C. when D. that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：贝拉总是很开朗，每天在她的办公室里营造友好的工作氛围，她的同事们觉得这样的氛围轻松愉快。句中先行词为atmosphere，在非限定性定语从句中作动词find的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导。故选B。
【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题中先行词为名词atmosphere，再分析先行词atmosphere在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词atmosphere带到从句中作动词find的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导。
13.We believe ________ you have been devoted to ________ naturally of great necessity.
A. that; being B. all that; be
C. that all; are D. what; is
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我们相信你所投入的当然是非常必要的。分析句子可知，believe后接宾语从句，宾语从句中you have been devoted to缺少宾语，表示事物故用what；what you have been devoted to为主语，从句作主语，谓语动词用单数，故D选项正确。
14.--- Difficulties always go with me!
--- Cheer up! If God closes door in front of you, there be a window opened for you.
A. must B. would
C. could D. can
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——困难总是伴随着我！——高兴点! 如果上帝在你面前关上了门，一定有一扇窗户为你打开。A. must必须；B. would将要；C. could能，会；D. can能，会。must表示对现在的状态推测时，意为“一定”，表示可能性很大的推测。符合语境。故选A。
【点睛】1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。
2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接完成进行式。
5) 否定推测用can't。
本句中的。must表示对现在的状态推测时，意为一定，表示可能性很大的推测。符合第2点用法。
15.Much to their delight, their new project ______ at the conference, the excited scholars decided to have a barbecue to celebrate the fantastic moment.
A. to approve B. being approved C. having approved D. having been approved
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：令他们高兴的是，他们的新项目在会议上被批准了，兴奋的学者们决定举行一次烧烤来庆祝这个美妙的时刻。此处句子的主语是 the excited scholars；their new project是动词 approve 的逻辑主语，动词 approve 的动作先于谓语动词的动作decide发生，且与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，所以这里用现在分词完成式的被动式，并与逻辑主语构成现在分词的独立主格结构作时间状语。故选D。
【点睛】现在分词独立主格结构的理解与用法
一、现在分词独立主格结构的理解
根据英语语法要求，如果一个现在分词用作状语，那么它的逻辑主语应该与句子主语体质一致，但有时句子的语义需要现在分词的逻辑主语与句子主语
不一致，此时我们就需要使用现在分词的独立主格结构。
现在分词的独立主格结构由“名词或代词（采用主格形式）+现在分词”构成，其中采用主格形式的“名词或代词”就是其后现在分词的逻辑主语。如：
He being absent, nothing couldn't be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。
Ashton being dead, there was nothing to be done now. 阿希顿已经死了，现在没有什么办法可想了。
Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们将于明天进行比赛。
She sat behind the table, her chin resting in her hands. 她坐在桌子后面，双手托着下巴。
二、现在分词独立主格结构的正误分析
请再看下面的正误句分析：
误：Being ill, we had to send the boy to hospital.
由于being ill前没有自带的逻辑主语，所以从理论上说，它的逻辑主语就应该是句子主语，这样一来此句的意思就是：（我们）生病了，所以我们只好送
这男孩去医院。显然这样的句子不合情理。但是，如果改为下面这样的句子就没问题了：
正：Being ill, the boy was sent to hospital. 由于生病了，这男孩被送到了医院。
如果改为现在分词的独立主格结构，则可以这样改写：
正：The boy being ill, we had to send him to hospital. 这男孩病了，所以我们送他去医院。
句中的the boy being ill就是现在分词的独立主格结构，其中的the boy为现在分词being ill的逻辑主语。
三、现在分词独立主格结构的用法
1. 表时间
The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。
2. 表原因
The day being fine, we decided to go swimming. 天气好，我们决定去游泳。
The day being fine, they decided to go swimming. 由于天气很好，我们决定去游泳。
Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. 因为再没有人有话要说，会议就结束了。
3. 表结果
The cart overturned, the horse plunging and rearing in its traces. 马车翻倒，马往前一冲，套着挽绳的上半身直立起来。
All this time, they were fast asleep, all of them knowing nothing about what had happened. 那段时间，他们都很快就入睡了，没有人知道发生了什么事。
The plane crashed, its bombs exploding at it hit the ground 飞机坠毁了，它携带的炸弹在它触地的同时爆炸了。
4. 表条件
Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们将于明天进行比赛。
I’m playing golf this afternoon—weather permitting. 我今天下午打高尔夫球——如果天气允许的话。
Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress not the white one. 其他方面若都相同，我将买那件黑的衣服，不买那件白的。
5. 表伴随
She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind. 她向我跑来，秀发在风中飘扬着。
We drove through red traffic lights, the horn blaring. 我们鸣着喇叭，闯过红灯。
She sat behind the table, her chin resting in her hands. 她坐在桌子后面，双手托着下巴。
第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
For many, just taking part in a single marathon is the achievement of a lifetime. But for Julie Weiss, it has become a ___16___ routine. She has run 12 marathons once a week—for the past year in memory of her dad who ___17___ just 35 days after he was ___18___ with pancreatic cancer(胰腺癌). When Julie Weiss lost her father in 2010, she was ___19___ to find the research for pancreatic cancer is so short of fund. “It made me feel ___20___” she said, “I knew I had to do something.”
So this marathon queen, ___21___ she calls herself, did what she did best; she went running. Having completed 25 marathons during the ___22___ two years, Julie now vowed(发誓) to run 12 marathons in 12 weeks in ___23___ of her father. After asking people to ___24___ money for each marathon, she ____25____ a website, marathon goddess, com, to collect money for the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network(PANCAN), a nonprofit organization. Julie began her incredible ____26____ with a marathon in Rome and then entered a race every ____27____ in some city across North America. ____28____ leaving work at 5 p.m.on Friday she would be ready to begin the next race, before she ____29____ home to California on Sunday. Julie finished her 1,362.4-mile journey in March 2013, ____30____ more than $ 200,000 in the process for PANCAN.
While running, she stuck to a strict training schedule. “My body’s getting used to this. I’m changing my diet, becoming more healthy and learning to run more ____31____” she said. When her muscles began to ____32____, she kept her ____33____ in mind. “When you do what you love, for those you love, that is where the ____34____ happen. Together we can make a(n) ____35____, and pave the way for a happy, healthy, cancer free life.” she said.
16. A. weekly B. monthly C. daily D. yearly
17. A. passed by B. passed away C. died off D. died out
18. A. connected B. diagnosed C. treated D. dealt
19. A. inspired B. exhausted C. interested D. shocked
20. A. desirable B. helpless C. hopeful D. wishful
21. A. while B. what C. as D. since
22. A. previous B. precious C. present D. precise
23. A. search B. need C. honor D. place
24. A. pay B. donate C. make D. earn
25. A. set up B. made up C. held up D. broke up
26. A. experiment B. stage C. road D. challenge
27. A. day B. morning C. weekend D. weekday
28. A. At B. By C. With D. On
29. A. parted B. left C. headed D. missed
30. A. raising B. earning C. spending D. wasting
31. A. merrily B. efficiently C. specifically D. casually
32. A. swell B. stress C. burn D. ache
33. A. strength B. relief C. motivation D. interest
34. A. miracles B. accidents C. stories D. events
35. A. offer B. sacrifice C. promise D. difference
【答案】16. A 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Julie Weiss为了纪念她的父亲，她发誓52周参加52次马拉松赛跑，并给胰腺癌的研究筹集资金。她的感慨发言很令人感动：当为了你爱的那些人，做你爱做的事，奇迹就会发生。团结起来我们就能有所作为，就能为健康、幸福和远离癌症铺平道路。
【16题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：对于Julie Weiss来说，跑马拉松是每周的事情。A. weekly每周的；B. monthly每个月的；C. daily每日的；D. yearly每年的。根据后面提到的run 52 marathons-once a week-for the past year可知，是每周都跑一次马拉松。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了纪念患有胰腺癌去世的父亲。A. passed by经过；B. passed away死去；C. died off相继死去；D. died out灭绝。她父亲被诊出患有胰腺癌35天后就去世了(pass away)。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：她父亲被诊出患有胰腺癌35天后就去世了。be connected with与……有联系；be diagnosed with被诊断为……；be treated with用……进行治疗；be dealt with被处理。。根据语境，判断是被诊断出，故选B。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：父亲去世后，她发现研究胰腺癌的资金是如此短缺，她感到震惊。A. inspired鼓舞人心的；B. exhausted精疲力尽的；C. interested对……感兴趣； D. shocked对……感到震惊。发现研究胰腺癌的资金是如此短缺地感到震惊。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让我感觉到很无助。A. desirable令人满意的；B. helpless无助的；C. hopeful充满希望的；D. wishful有希望的。研究胰腺癌的资金短缺使作者感觉到很无助。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查连词的用法。句意：这位自称是马拉松女王的人尽最大的努力去为此做些事情。A. while 在……期间；B. what所……的；C. as正如，正像；D. since自从。马拉松女皇，正像她自称的那样(as)。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她在过去的两年中完成了25场马拉松。A. previous以前的；过去的；B. precious宝贵的；C. present目前；D. precise准确的。根据现在她要做，可知前面是说在过去的两年中完成了25场马拉松。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：为了纪念她的父亲。A. search寻找；B. need需要；C. honor荣誉；D. place地方。根据上文的in memory of可知，是纪念，(in honor of=in memory of)，故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。 句意：请人们为每一场马拉松捐款。A. pay付款；B. donate捐献；C. make制作；使；D. earn赢得。这都是作者为筹集胰腺癌资金所做的事，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语的用法。句意：她建立了自己的网站。A. set up建立；B. made up组成；C. held up阻止，妨碍；D. broke up破坏，破裂。为了筹集资金，她建立了自己的网站。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：开始她难以置信的挑战。A. experiment实验；B. stage平台；C. road道路；D. challenge挑战。根据下文，在各地跑马拉松是她难以置信的挑战。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：然后在每个周末在北美的某个城市参加一场马拉松赛。A. day白天；B. morning早上；C. weekend周末；D. weekday工作日。根据下文得知，她还有工作，只能在每个周末参加一场马拉松赛。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查介词的用法。句意：星期五下午5点下班以后，她就准备下一次的比赛。A. at在……点；B. by通过；C. with具有；D. upon一……就。星期五下午5点一下班，她就准备下一次的比赛。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：然后才赶往在加利福尼亚的家。A.parted分开；B. left 离开；C.headed向……前进；D. missed失去。参加完各种马拉松比赛后，才赶回加利福尼亚的家。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：她为胰腺癌的研究筹集了200,000美元A. raising提升；筹集；B. earning挣；C. spending花费；D. wasting浪费。上文raise提示她为胰腺癌的研究筹集资金。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她学会跑得更有效率，更高效。A. merrily高兴地；B. efficiently 高效地；C. specifically特殊地；D. casually随意地。她学会跑得更有效率，更高效这样才能筹集更多的钱。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：当她的肌肉开始疼痛时。A. swell肿；B. stress压力；C. burn燃烧；D. ache疼痛。当她遇到身体挑战时，她会想起跑马拉松的动力。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：她记起了自己跑马拉松的动力所在：为了纪念她的父亲，为了自己所爱的马拉松赛。A. strength力量；B. relief减轻；C. motivation动机；D. interest兴趣。为了纪念她的父亲，为了自己所爱的马拉松赛，这是她坚持下去的动力。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：那就是奇迹开始的地方。A. miracles奇迹；B. accidents意外事故；C. stories故事；D. events事件。坚持就是发生奇迹。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：团结起来我们就能有所作为。A. offer主动帮忙；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. promise承诺；D. difference不同。作者做的事情是改变世界。故选D。
【点睛】完形填空是高考英语中最难的一个题，正确解答完形填空题是考试成功至关重要的保障。完形填空的解题方法很多，我们就这道题就只讲词汇复现法。希望你们能掌握。词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。本题中的41题中的once a week和weekly；42题中的lost和pass away；49题中的 collect money 和donate money；等都采用了这个方法，请同学们仔细体会。
第三部分阅读理解（共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Harvard Pre-College Program
SESSION I:
SESSION II:
SESSION III:
June 23 --- July 5
2019
July 7 --- July 19,
2019
July 21 --- August 2,
2019
Our summer program for high school students is designed to pave the way for a successful college experience.
HERE YOU CAN:
Learn without limits
Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics, law, writing, philosophy, and a dozen other subjects.
Live at Harvard
* You will live in a historic undergraduate house near Harvard Square.
* Your plan covers three meals a day, seven days a week.
Have fun outside the classroom
You might enjoy a Cirque du Sileil performance, a Red Sox game at Fenway Park, or a trip to the Museum of Science.
ELIGIBILITY (申请资格)
Students are academically motivated and will graduate in 2020 or 2021.
TO APPLY
Complete an online application and provide the following materials: the $50 nonrefundable application fee; transcripts (成绩单) with fall 2018 grades; signed rules and regulations.
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS
Participants should apply for the B-2 tourist visa. If English is not your native language, submit scores from the TOEFLor IELTS language proficiency exam.
APPLICATION TIPS
* No fee is required to start your application. You will be asked to pay the application fee only upon submitting the application.
* The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.
* Use a desktop or laptop. You will be asked to write short essays as part of your application. This may be challenging to do on a mobile phone.
* You will receive an email informing you of the application status approximately three weeks after you have completed your application.
36. Harvard organizes such a program to ______.
A. reduce students’ academic pressure
B. select good students to join in Harvard
C. make students obtain high grades in their study
D. help students prepare for their future college life
37. What can we learn about the program?
A. Students are offered three meals except weekends.
B. It merely has two sessions during one summer.
C. It provides courses on various subjects for students.
D. Students can live in a hotel near Harvard.
38. If you are a native student who wants to apply for the program, you need to provide ______
A. a B-2 tourist visa
B. transcripts with your fall 2018 grades
C. scores from the TOEFL exam
D. a recommendation letter from your high school teacher
39. The applicants can learn from the application tips that ______.
A. their TOEFL or IELTS scores should meet the requirements
B. the application fee should be paid before they start applying
C. it is convenient to use any electronic products to apply
D. they can check the application status in a week
【答案】36. D 37. C 38. B 39. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了哈佛大学帮助学生为大学生活做准备而开设的一个暑期项目的情况。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段Our summer program for high school students is designed to pave the way for a successful college experience.（我们的高中生暑期项目是为成功的大学生活铺平道路的。）可知哈佛大学组织了这样一个项目来帮助学生为他们未来的大学生活做准备。故选D。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据Learn without limits部分中Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics, law, writing, philosophy, and a dozen other subjects.（在物理、法律、写作、哲学和其他十几个学科上追求你的兴趣。）可知项目为学生提供不同学科的课程。故选C。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据TO APPLY部分中Complete an online application and provide the following materials: the $50 nonrefundable application fee; transcripts (成绩单) with fall 2018 grades; signed rules and regulations.（完成网上申请，并提供以下材料:50美元的不可退还的申请费;2018年秋季成绩单;签署规章制度。）可知如果你是本地学生，想要申请这个项目，你需要提供2018年秋季的成绩单。故选B。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据APPLICATION TIPS部分中* The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.（成功申请者的托福成绩一般在103分以上，写作部分25分，雅思至少7.5分，写作部分7分。）可知申请者可以从APPLICATION TIPS中了解到他们的托福或雅思成绩应该达到的分数要求。故选A。
【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。有一种文章细节理解题是一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。如第四小题，根据APPLICATION TIPS部分中* The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.（成功申请者的托福成绩一般在103分以上，写作部分25分，雅思至少7.5分，写作部分7分。）可知申请者可以从APPLICATION TIPS中了解到他们的托福或雅思成绩应该达到的分数要求。故选A。
B
“If they hated me they didn’t talk to me about it,” says a young German manager at a media firm in Frankfurt. Still, he says it was noticeable that when an employee 20 years older than him thanked him for buying lunch he had to swallow twice before adding the word “boss”.
Older workers sometimes envy being managed by a younger colleague. Precocious (老成的) youngsters, too, can feel awkward about bossing their elders around. But in Germany a shortage of skilled workers means that such situations are becoming even more common.
The country’s population is projected to shrink. As more Germans retire，fewer youngsters are entering the work-place to replace them. As a share of the working population the number of
15-to-24-year-olds has fallen by ten percent since the 1980s, says the German Federal Employment Agency. Firms competing to hire young talent have to promote them earlier as a result. A paper by professors at the university of Cambridge and WHU, a German business school, to be published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior, suggests this could be a problem.
As in many countries, German work-places are legally obliged to overlook age when deciding whom to promote. Yet according to Jochen Menges, one of the authors, when an ordinary worker leap-frogs a more experienced one it can leave the latter with feelings of “anger, fear and disgust.” People tend to judge their own standing by the success of their peers, and to see failure in being bossed about by someone younger. The relationship between feelings of anxiety and the age of the boss is clear, according to Mr Menges. A manager who is younger by one year is somewhat unsettling; a gap of 20 years is far more discouraging.
German firms certainly shouldn’t return to a system in which age equals to rank. But young people tend to be sensitive about managing upwards. And older workers should be encouraged to see the bright side of learning new skills. Daimler, a big German car firm, says it promotes age- mixed teams, so that knowledge can be transferred between generations. It also supports young managers by asking retired employees to provide temporary support.
40. For what does the author mention a young German manager and his experience in Paragraph 1?
A. To introduce the topic. B. To present an argument.
C. To attract readers’ interest. D. To describe his own idea.
41. Why are some precocious youngsters bossing their elders around in Germany？
A. Precocious youngsters are all skilled workers.
B. Such situations are becoming more common.
C. Fewer youngsters would like to do hard work.
D. Companies compete fiercely to hire young talent.
42. In which of the following situations might an employee regard himself as a failure according to the passage?
A. When he has to decide whom to promote.
B. When he leap-frogs a more experienced worker.
C. When he is being bossed about by someone younger.
D. When he experiences feelings of anger fear and disgust.
43. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. A younger boss is more likely to be nervous and anxious.
B. An employee with a younger boss tends to suffer from anxiety.
C. There is a connection between anxiety and the age of promotion.
D. The age of the boss and anxiety are closely related.
44. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Qualified workers should be promoted to boss.
B. Older workers should support younger managers.
C. Older workers are no better than younger colleagues.
D. You are never too old to learn, or too young to mange.
【答案】40. A 41. D 42. C 43. B 44. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于德国年轻人数量下降，竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔年轻人来做管理人员，拥有一位年轻的老板对员工无形中也产生了焦虑感。就此应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面，以及组建年龄混合的团队。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中Still, he says it was noticeable that when an employee 20 years older than him thanked him for buying lunch he had to swallow twice before adding the word “boss”.（不过，他说，值得注意的是，当一名比他大20岁的员工感谢他买了午餐时，他不得不吞下两口，然后才加上“老板”一词。）提到的事例以及第二段内容Older workers sometimes envy being managed by a younger colleague. Precocious youngsters, too, can feel awkward about bossing their elders around. But in Germany a shortage of skilled workers means that such situations are becoming even more common.（年长的员工有时会羡慕被年轻的同事管理。早熟的年轻人也会因为对长辈颐指气使而感到尴尬。但在德国，熟练工人的短缺意味着这种情况变得更加普遍。）对第一段的现象进行解释说明，可知作者在第一段中提到了一个年轻的德国经理和他的经历是为了引入主题。故选A。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中15-to-24-year-olds has fallen by ten percent since the 1980s, says the German Federal Employment Agency. Firms competing to hire young talent have to promote them earlier as a result.（德国联邦职业介绍所表示，自上世纪80年代以来，15至24岁的年轻人数量下降了10%。因此，竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔他们。）可知在德国有些早熟的年轻人对长辈颐指气使，这是因为公司为雇佣年轻人才的激烈竞争，导致年轻人更早地被提拔为管理人员。故选D。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中People tend to judge their own standing by the success of their peers, and to see failure in being bossed about by someone younger.（人们倾向于根据同龄人的成功来判断自己的地位，并认为被年轻人左右是失败的。）可知当员工被更年轻的人颐指气使的时候，他会认为自己是失败的。故选C。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据下文A manager who is younger by one year is somewhat unsettling; a gap of 20 years is far more discouraging. 一个年轻一岁的经理有点让人不安；20年的差距更让人沮丧。可推知老板年龄越年轻，员工的焦虑感越明显，故可推知划线句子意思是：拥有年轻老板的员工往往会感到焦虑。故选B。
【44题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段But young people tend to be sensitive about managing upwards. And older workers should be encouraged to see the bright side of learning new skills. Daimler, a big German car firm, says it promotes age- mixed teams, so that knowledge can be transferred between generations. It also supports young managers by asking retired employees to provide temporary support.（但年轻人往往对向上管理很敏感。应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面。德国大型汽车公司戴姆勒表示，他们提倡年龄混合的团队，这样知识就可以在几代人之间传递。它还通过要求退休员工提供临时支持来支持年轻的管理者。）结合文章主要内容围绕着德国管理者倾向年轻化的问题，主要是说明了人们应当活到老学到老，永远不会因为太年轻而无法管理。故选D。
C
Antarctica has become one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations. Since 1969, the average number of visitors to the continent has increased from several hundred to over 34,000 today. All activities in Antarctica are heavily supervised by the Antarctic treaty for environmental protection purposes and the industry is largely managed by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO).
The first expedition (探险) to Antarctica with travelers was in 1966, led by Swedish explorer Lars Eric Lindblad. He wanted to give tourists first-hand experience of the ecological sensitivity of the Antarctic environment, in order to educate them and promote a greater understanding of the continent’s role in the world. In 1969, Lindblad built the world’s first expedition ship, the MS Lindblad Explorer, which was specifically designed to transport tourists to Antarctica.
In 1977, both Australia and New Zealand started to offer scenic flights to Antarctica through Qantas and Air New Zealand. The flights often flew to the continent without landing and returned to the departure airport. The experience was an average 12 to 14 hours with up to 4 hours of flying directly over the continent. The flights from Australia and New Zealand stopped in 1980. It was largely due to the Air New Zealand Flight 901 accident on November 28, 1979. In 1994, flights to Antarctica continued again.
Despite the potential dangers and risks, trips to Antarctica continued to grow. According to IAATO, 34,354 travelers visited the continent between 2012 and 2013. Americans contributed to the largest share with 10,677 visitors, or 31.1%, followed by Germans 11.1%, Australians 10.7%, and the British 10.2%. The rest of the visitors were from China, Canada, Switzerland, France and elsewhere.
The cost of a trip to Antarctica can range from as little as $3,000-$4,000 to over $40,000, depending on the scope of transportation, housing, and activity needs. The higher end packages typically involve air transport, on-site camping, and a visit to the South Pole.
45. Which can best replace the underlined word “supervised” in Paragraph 1?
A. Protected. B. Monitored.
C. Supported. D. Forbidden.
46. What’s Lars Eric Lindblad’s original purpose in getting to Antarctica?
A. To make himself the first explorer to go to Antarctica.
B. To transport more and more tourists to Antarctica.
C. To get first-hand experience of precious resources.
D. To let people know the significance of the continent.
47. What do we know about the flights to Antarctica?
A. They were once cancelled for more than ten years due to dangers.
B. Natural conditions of Antarctica are unable to support their landing.
C. It takes 14 hours to fly from New Zealand to Antarctica directly.
D. Air New Zealand has much success in developing Antarctic tourism.
48. What can be learned from the passage?
A. It is very convenient for Americans to travel to Antarctica.
B. The travelers usually have 4 hours’ sightseeing on the continent.
C. The number of people travelling to Antarctica is increasing.
D. New Zealand is the first country to offer scenic flights to Antarctica.
49. What’s the best title for the text?
A. The development of Antarctica B. Antarctica, a dream tourist attraction
C. The history of tourism in Antarctica D. IAATO, a great organization
【答案】45. B 46. D 47. A 48. C 49. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了南极洲已经成为世界上最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一，同时按照时间顺序说明了南极洲的旅游业历史，尽管存在潜在的危险和风险，前往南极洲的旅行仍在增加，以及南极洲之旅的费用情况。
【45题详解】
词义猜测题。结合下文by the Antarctic treaty for environmental protection purposes and the industry is largely managed by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO).可知由于南极洲的旅行人数增多，为了保护环境，在南极洲的所有活动都受到《南极条约》的严格监督，旅游业主要由国际南极旅游经营者协会管理。故可推测划线单词意思为“监督”。故选B。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中He wanted to give tourists first-hand experience of the ecological sensitivity of the Antarctic environment, in order to educate them and promote a greater understanding of the continent’s role in the world.（他想让游客亲身体验南极环境的生态敏感性，以便教育他们，并促进他们更好地了解南极在世界上的作用。）可知Lars Eric Lindblad去南极洲的最初目的是为了让人们知道南极洲大陆的重要性。故选D。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中The flights from Australia and New Zealand stopped in 1980. It was largely due to the Air New Zealand Flight 901 accident on November 28, 1979. In 1994, flights to Antarctica continued again.（来自澳大利亚和新西兰的航班于1980年停飞。这主要是由于1979年11月28日新西兰航空公司901航班的事故。1994年，前往南极洲的飞行再次继续。）可知飞往南极洲的航班曾经因为危险而被取消了十多年。故选A。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中Since 1969, the average number of visitors to the continent has increased from several hundred to over 34,000 today.（自1969年以来，到南极洲大陆的平均游客人数已经从几百人增加到今天的34000多人。）倒数第二段第一句Despite the potential dangers and risks, trips to Antarctica continued to grow.（尽管存在潜在的危险和风险，前往南极洲的旅行仍在增加。）可知前往南极洲的人数正在增加。故选C。
【49题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段第一句The first expedition to Antarctica with travelers was in 1966, led by Swedish explorer Lars Eric Lindblad.（1966年，由瑞典探险家Lars Eric Lindblad带领的探险队首次随旅行者前往南极洲。）以及文章主要内容为介绍南极洲旅游行业的历史，故C选项“南极洲旅游历史”最符合文章标题。故选C。
【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为
① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。
② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。
③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。
④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。如第一小题，结合下文by the Antarctic treaty for environmental protection purposes and the industry is largely managed by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO).可知由于南极洲的旅行人数增多，为了保护环境的目的，在南极洲的所有活动都受到《南极条约》的严格监督，旅游业主要由国际南极旅游经营者协会管理。故可推测划线单词意思为“监督”。故选B。
⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。
D
I’m a storyteller. And I would like to tell you a few personal stories.
I grew up reading British and American children’s books. When I began to write, I wrote exactly the kinds of stories I was reading: All my characters were white and blue-eyed, they ate apples and talked a lot about the weather, despite the fact that I lived in Nigeria. We ate mangoes, and we never talked about the weather. Because all I had read were books in which characters were foreign, I had become convinced that books by their very nature had to have foreigners in them. Things changed when I discovered African books. Because of writers like Chinua Achebe and Camara Laye, I went through a mental shift in my idea of literature. I realized that people like me, girls with skin the color of chocolate, could also exist in literature. I started to write about things I recognized. So what the discovery of African writers did for me was this: It saved me from having a single story of what books are. The year I turned eight, we got a new house boy Fide from a nearby rural village. The only thing my mother told us about him was that his family was very poor. And when I didn’t finish my dinner, my mother would say, “Finish your food! Don’t you know? People like Fide’s family have nothing.” So I felt enormous pity for Fide’s family. Then one Saturday, we went to his village to visit, and his mother showed us a beautifully patterned basket that his brother had made. I was astonished. It had not occurred to me that anybody in his family could actually make something. Their poverty was my single story of them.
Years later, when I left Nigeria to go to university in the United States, my American roommate asked where I had learned to speak English so well, and was confused when I said that Nigeria happened to have English as its official language. What struck me was this: She had felt sorry for me even before she saw me. My roommate had a single story of Africa: a single story of catastrophe.
Of course, Africa is a continent full of catastrophes. But there are other stories that are not about catastrophe, and it is very important, it is just as important, to talk about them. The consequence of the single story is this: It robs people of dignity. It makes our recognition of our equal humanity difficult. It emphasizes how we are different rather than how we are similar.
So what if my mother had told us that Fide’s family was poor and hardworking? What if we had an African television network that broadcast diverse African stories all over the world? What if my roommate knew about my Nigerian publisher, Muhtar Bakare, a remarkable man who left his job in a bank to follow his dream and start a publishing house? What if my roommate knew about my friend Funmi Iyanda, a fearless woman who hosts a TV show, and is determined to tell the stories that we prefer to forget?
My Nigerian publisher and I have just started a non-profit called Farafina Trust, and we have big dreams of building libraries and providing books for state schools, and also of organizing lots of workshops in reading and writing, for all the people who are eager to tell our many stories.
Stories matter. Many stories matter. Stories can break the dignity of a people, but stories can also repair that broken dignity. When we realize that there is never a single story about any place, we regain a kind of paradise.
50. What is probably people’s first impression of the writer when it comes to her nationality?
A. She mainly eats apples and mangoes.
B. She may not speak fluent English.
C. She comes from a place free of catastrophes.
D. She prefers stories based on foreign characters.
51. The underlined phrase “a mental shift” in Paragraph 2 refers to the writer’s ________.
A. discovery of African books with characters of her skin color
B. acquaintance with local African writers like Chinua Achebe
C. realization that not only foreign characters exist in literature
D. change that she started to write about things she recognized
52. How many personal stories has the writer mentioned in the passage?
A. Two. B. Three.
C. Four. D. Five.
53. The writer uses several single stories in the passage to illustrate that the single story ________.
A. matters in keeping listeners well informed
B. tends to convey a prejudiced idea to listeners
C. gets increasingly popular among story tellers
D. fails to produce a lasting effect on listeners
54. The writer lists many “what ifs” in Paragraph 6 to ________.
A. emphasize our differences rather than similarities
B. indicate the way that stories are used to break dignity
C. show the hardship of recognizing our equal humanity
D. stress the importance of telling diverse, balanced stories
55. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. The danger of the single story B. The importance of telling stories
C. The single stories that matter D. Stories that can repair broken dignity
【答案】50. B 51. C 52. B 53. B 54. D 55. A
【解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者通过讲述几个个人的故事，通过故事告诫我们：如果我们只去聆听关于一个人、一个国家的单一故事，将会导致非常严重的误解。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。由本文第二段可知，作者实际上来自尼日利亚，经常吃芒果，不讨论天气，有着巧克力肤色。可知至少不是说英语的欧洲人。从本文第四段，作者的美国舍友对她能说一口流利英语表示疑惑可知，因此可以推断出人们对尼日利亚的人第一印象可能是认为他们不会说流利的英语。故选B。
【51题详解】
词义猜测题。由本文第二段倒数I realized that people like me, girls with skin the color of chocolate, could also exist in literature.可知作者的思想转变是她意识到像她这样有着巧克力肤色的女生也是可以在文学作品中有一席之地的。即不仅仅外国人物才存在在文学作品中。故选C。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。本文第二段、第三段、第四段分别讲了作者自己意识到文学作品中人物不限英美，作者发现Fide一家贫穷却努力，作者的室友对尼日利亚的刻板印象。即一共三个她的个人经历。故选B。
53题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，不论是作者、作者妈妈、作者的室友，不同的人们有着不同的single story，实际上可以理解为“一面之词”“刻板印象”，但其实又不符合事实，即会给听众传达有偏见的想法，故选B。
【54题详解】
推理判断题。作者的一系列假设，其实是更好的做法。兼听则明偏信则暗。我们不应该听信一面之词，应该去多角度的均衡的了解。故选D。
【55题详解】
主旨大意题。全文讲述了作者、作者妈妈、作者室友的偏见，以及作者对此的看法。认为一面之词实际上是很不好的。在并没有亲自去观察探索也没有去多方面了解之前，人们就接受了single story。但其实往往并不符合事实。因此最好的标题是一面之词的危险。故选A。
第II卷（共35分）
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，满分35分）
第一节
阅读表达
“Cleverness is a gift while kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy---they're given after all. Choices can be hard.”
I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2300 percent per year. I'd never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me. I had just turned 30, and I’d been married for a year. I told my wife that I wanted to quit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldn't work since most start-ups don’t and I wasn't sure what to expect. She told me I should go for it. As a young boy, I had been a garage inventor. I had always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.
I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people and a brilliant boss that I much admired. I went to my boss and told him that I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet. He took me on a long walk in Central Park，listened carefully to me and finally said,“That sounds like a really good idea，but it would be an even better idea for someone who didn't already have a good job.”That logic made some sense to me，and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision. Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice，but ultimately, I decided I had to give it a shot. I didn't think I would regret trying and failing. And I suspected that I would always be haunted by a decision to not try at all.
After much consideration, I took the less secure path to follow my passion, and I'm proud of that choice. For all of us, in the end, we are our choices.
56. What inspired the author to start Amazon 16 years ago? (No more than 15 words)
57. How did the author’s wife respond to his crazy idea of building an online bookstore? (No more than 10 words)
58. What was the attitude of the author’s boss towards his starting a company online? (No more than 10 words)
59. What’s your understanding of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (No more than 15 words)
60. What is the most important factor when you make your career choice? Give your reasons. (No more than 20 words)
【答案】56. The fact that the Internet usage was growing sharply / fast per year. That the Internet usage was growing at 230 percent per year./The fact that more and more people were using the Internet.
57. She responded by telling me to go for it / my dream. She wanted / inspired me to follow my passion.
58. He thought it a good idea but unsuitable for me./He didn’t support his idea (to start a company online)./He wasn’t in favor of his idea (to start a company online). He held a negative attitude towards his idea.
59. For all of us, our choices decide / determine who we are finally. For all of us, our choices determine what we get finally./For all of us, our choices have a great effect on our life / future finally.
60. Interest, without which I can’t devote myself to the career and overcome the challenge./Better career prospects. (A good pay.) I hope to choose a career that can lead me to a bright future.
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者16年看到互联网的迅猛增长因此有了创办亚马逊的想法，对此想法作者的妻子表示支持作者追求自己的梦想和激情，而作者的老板则持反对态度，最终作者选择了一条不太安全的道路来追寻我的激情，作者也为自己的选择感到自豪。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2300 percent per year. I'd never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me.（我发现互联网的使用率以每年230%的速度增长。我从来没有见过或听说过任何东西发展得这么快，而建立一个拥有数百万种图书的网上书店的想法让我非常兴奋。）可知促使作者在16年前创办了亚马逊是因为互联网的使用正以每年迅猛的速度增长，互联网使用率以每年230个百分点的速度增长以及越来越多的人使用互联网的事实。故答The fact that the Internet usage was growing sharply / fast per year. That the Internet usage was growing at 230 percent per year./The fact that more and more people were using the Internet.。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中She told me I should go for it. As a young boy, I had been a garage inventor. I had always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.（她告诉我应该去。当我还是个小男孩的时候，我就是一个车库发明家。我一直想成为一名发明家，她希望我追随自己的激情。）可知作者的妻子对他建立网上书店的疯狂想法是告诉作者去追求自己的梦想和激情。故答She responded by telling me to go for it / my dream. She wanted / inspired me to follow my passion.。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中He took me on a long walk in Central Park，listened carefully to me and finally said,“That sounds like a really good idea，but it would be an even better idea for someone who didn't already have a good job.”（他带我在中央公园散步了很长一段时间，仔细地听我说，最后他说:“这听起来真是个好主意，但对那些还没有找到好工作的人来说，这是个更好的主意。”）可知作者的老板对作者的想法是个好主意，但不适合作者，老板持反对态度。故答He thought it a good idea but unsuitable for me./He didn’t support his idea (to start a company online)./He wasn’t in favor of his idea (to start a company online). He held a negative attitude towards his idea.。
【59题详解】
词义猜测题。结合上文After much consideration, I took the less secure path to follow my passion, and I'm proud of that choice.可知经过深思熟虑，作者选择了一条不太安全的道路来追寻自己的激情，也为自己的选择感到自豪。作者的选择决定了作者最终会得到什么，对他的生活或未来也有很大的影响。故可推测划线句子的意思是：对于我们所有人来说，我们的选择最终决定了我们是谁，决定了我们最终会得到什么，最终对我们的生活/未来有很大的影响。故答For all of us, our choices decide / determine who we are finally. For all of us, our choices determine what we get finally./For all of us, our choices have a great effect on our life / future finally.。
【60题详解】
这是一道开放性题目，要求说出自己选择职业时最重要的因素是什么，答案言之有理即可。可以说重要因素是个人兴趣、职业前景等等。故可答Interest, without which I can’t devote myself to the career and overcome the challenge./Better career prospects. (A good pay.) I hope to choose a career that can lead me to a bright future.。
第二节 书面表达（满分25 分）
61.假设你是某中学的学生谢飞，你校国际部将选拔一些学生志愿者，参与国际部接待学访团 等外事活动的策划和组织。你欲参选，请根据以下提示，写一篇竞选演讲稿。
* 个人优势介绍（如性格，特长等）；
* 接待学访学生的活动安排（校内，校外）；
* 表达当选的愿望。 注意：
1. 词数不少于 100；
2. 请勿提及真实学校名称；
3. 可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；
4. 开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：
竞选 run for…; 学访学生 students on the exchange program
Good afternoon, my dear friends, My name is Xie Fei.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
【答案】Good afternoon, my dear friends, My name is Xie Fei. I feel greatly honored to run for a volunteer of the International Department in our school.
First of all, I’d like to give a brief introduction to myself. With an open and active personality, I have great confidence in fitting in with people. Having a good command of oral English, I can communicate with the exchange students without any language barriers.
When it comes to the arrangement of activities for the students on the exchange program, I recommend that some typical sports activities should be organized, from which the students can better understand and learn from each other. A culture show is also a good idea, ensuring students to appreciate works of art and get close to a different culture. In addition, at weekends, it’s desirable for us to go on visits to galleries, museums and special places of interest so that our honored guests can expose themselves to the lively city and get meaningful experiences.
I’m really anxious to be accepted as a student volunteer. Thank you!
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文写作。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知, 本篇为一篇竞选演讲稿；假设你是某中学的学生谢飞，你校国际部将选拔一些学生志愿者，参与国际部接待学访团 等外事活动的策划和组织。你欲参选，请根据以下提示，写一篇竞选演讲稿。* 个人优势介绍（如性格，特长等）；* 接待学访学生的活动安排（校内，校外）；* 表达当选的愿望。
第2步：根据写作要求, 确定关键词（组）, 如：run for…（竞选）；brief introduction（简短介绍）；have great confidence in（对……有信心）；have a good command of（精通）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句, 注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。
第4步：连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整, 语言规范, 语篇连贯, 词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如Having a good command of oral English, I can communicate with the exchange students without any language barriers.非谓语动词的运用；When it comes to the arrangement of activities for the students on the exchange program, I recommend that some typical sports activities should be organized, from which the students can better understand and learn from each other.运用了定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式, 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明, 上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。
第I卷（选择题，共115分）
第一部分：听力测试（共两节，满分20分）
第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷相应的位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话后仅读一遍。
1. What does the man think the weather will be like tonight?
A. Fine. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.
2. What are the two speakers talking about?
A Their favorite colors. B. The woman’s sweater. C. The man’s clothes.
3. What does the woman advise the man to do?
A. Buy a new cellphone. B. Check his cellphone. C. Change the ringing.
4. Why didn’t the man set off earlier?
A. Because he was worried about the traffic.
B. Because he had to talk with his aunt.
C. Because he had to pick up his aunt.
5. How long will the woman stay in Germany?
A. For three days. B. For four days. C. For five days.
第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷相应的位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the woman most probably doing?
A. Applying for scholarship.
B. Applying for a part-time job.
C. Explaining why she worked part-time.
7. What do we know about the woman?
A. She is raised by her mother alone. B. She has worked part-time for years. C. She is studying at college now.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the woman suffering from?
A. A headache. B. A fever. C. A severe disease.
9. Why didn’t the woman take any medicine?
A. Because she couldn’t find any in her house. B. Because her doctor asked her not to do that.
C. Because she didn’t know what medicine to take.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What is the man doing?
A. Reserving tickets. B. Confirming flights. C. Changing flights.
11. When does the man’s flight leave?
A. At 15:00 on August 9th. B. At 13:00 on August 19th. C. At 15:00 on August 19th.
12. How many people will the man travel with?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How did the woman probably find the party?
A. Boring. B. Exciting. C. Relaxing.
14. What did the man call the woman for yesterday?
A. Telling her about a painting contest. B. Telling her about a singing contest. C. Inviting her to go to a movie.
15. Where did the woman get the news?
A. From a neighbor. B. From the Internet. C. From someone at the party.
16. What is the man probably good at?
A. Painting. B. Singing. C. Designing parties.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. In which place was Don’t Cry last week?
A. Seventh. B. Sixth. C. Fifth.
18. Who will give a performance at the University of Pennsylvania next month?
A. Pharrell Williams. B. Katy Perry. C. John Legend.
19. How long has Happy remained No. 1?
A. For two weeks. B. For three weeks. C. For four weeks.
20. What will the audience hear at the end of the program?
A. Happy. B. All of Me. C. Dark Horse.
第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.---I’ve heard a lot about you. You got promoted, right? ______
--- Many thanks.
A. Good for you B. You asked for it
C. There you are D. You’ve gone too far
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情境交际。句意为：——我听说过很多关于你的事，你升职了，对吗？真为你高兴。——非常感谢！Good for you真为你高兴，祝贺你；You asked for it你自找的；There you are给你，就是这样；You’ve gone too far 你太过分了。根据句意，选A。
2.With the popularity of smart phones, people gradually lose the ______ for watching television, which makes TV a decoration of the house.
A. ambition B. appetite C. tolerance D. appeal
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：随着智能手机的普及，人们逐渐失去了看电视的兴趣，这使得电视成为了家里的装饰品。A. ambition野心；B. appetite欲望；兴趣；C. tolerance容忍；D. appeal呼吁；吸引力。结合句意可知选B。
3.The large passenger aircraft C919 AC 101, independently designed and developed by China, turned out to be a huge ________ success.
A. controversial B. contradictory
C. commercial D. compulsory
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由中国独立自主开发和研究的大型民航客机C919 AC01是一次巨大的商业成功。A. controversial有争议的；B. contradictory矛盾的；C. commercial商业的；D. compulsory义务的。研发出民航客机这是商业成功。故选C。
4.During Spring Festival, most of the cities in our country have ______ fireworks display because of safety and noise pollution.
A. defended B. cancelled C. burst D. broadened
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：春节期间，由于安全和噪音污染，我国大部分城市都取消了烟花表演。A. defended辩护；B. cancelled取消；C. burst爆炸；D. broadened拓展。根据句意可知选B。
5.—I ________ so busily recently that I ________ no time to help you with your maths.
—That’s OK. I can manage it by myself.
A. have been working; have B. have worked; had
C. am working; will have D. had been working; had had
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：---我最近工作太忙碌了，没时间帮你学数学。---没关系我自己能搞定。由“recently”可知，本句为现在完成进行时，表示动作还可能持续下去，而第二个空表示现在所处的状态，所以用一般现在时。故A选项正确。
6.Linda couldn’t have broken into the teacher’s office at midnight, for it was only nine o’clock ______she returned to the dormitory and had a sound sleep.
A. before B. when
C. that D. until
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：Linda不可能半夜闯进老师的办公室，因为她是在九点回到宿舍睡了个好觉。结合句意可知此处是when引导的时间状语从句，故选B。
7.—Have you paid? What’s my share of the bill?
—________. It wasn’t very much.
A. Don’t worry about it. B. It’s my share
C. None of your business. D. It’s up to you.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你付账了吗？我该分摊多少？——别放在心上。（我付的）不多。It is my share.我该付一份；none of your business不关你的事；it is up to you.由你负责。由答句可知，帐已结了（不多），所以第一方不用担心（表达一种慷慨之情）。C，B，D都不符合逻辑。故选A。
8.When I was in university, I ______ at a loss what to do in the future for a long time.
A. had felt B. have felt C. felt D. would feel
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当我在大学的时候，我很长一段时间都不知道将来该做什么。结合上文When I was in university可知是发生在大学时候的事情，故用一般过去时。故选C。
9.______ clear goals, we become stuck in daily routines until we become slaves of them.
A. On top of B. In the silence of C. On account of D. In the absence of
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：如果缺乏明确的目标，我们就会被困在日常生活中，直到成为它们的奴隶。A. On top of完全掌控；B. In the silence of在寂静中；C. On account of由于；因为；D. In the absence of缺乏；不存在。结合句意可知选D。
10.It’s natural that a man can hardly ______ a smile when he is informed of some good news.
A. hold up B. hold back C. hold out D. hold on
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当一个人听到好消息时，他忍不住要笑，这是很自然的。A. hold up举起；阻挡；B. hold back隐瞒；抑制；C. hold out坚持；伸出；D. hold on坚持；继续。结合语境 听到好消息当然开心，忍不住要微笑，可知选B。
11.China’s Chang’e 4 robotic probe entered lunar orbit on Wednesday, ________ a major step in its mission to make a soft landing on the moon’s far side.
A. marking B. to mark
C. having marked D. marked
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：周三，中国的嫦娥4号机器人探测器进入月球轨道，标志着它在月球远端软着陆任务中迈出了重要一步。逗号前是主句，逗号后是非限制性定语，修饰整个主句，结合句意，主句和mark之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语，A选项正确。
【点睛】不定式和现在分词均可用结果状语，但两者用法有区别：现在分词用作结果状语，通常表示一种自然的结果，即属预料之中的事；不定式用作结果状语，主要表示没有预料到的情况或结果，即属预料之外的事。
12.Bella, who is always cheerful, creates a friendly work atmosphere in her office every day, ________ her colleagues find pleasant and relaxing.
A. where B. which
C. when D. that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：贝拉总是很开朗，每天在她的办公室里营造友好的工作氛围，她的同事们觉得这样的氛围轻松愉快。句中先行词为atmosphere，在非限定性定语从句中作动词find的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导。故选B。
【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题中先行词为名词atmosphere，再分析先行词atmosphere在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词atmosphere带到从句中作动词find的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导。
13.We believe ________ you have been devoted to ________ naturally of great necessity.
A. that; being B. all that; be
C. that all; are D. what; is
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我们相信你所投入的当然是非常必要的。分析句子可知，believe后接宾语从句，宾语从句中you have been devoted to缺少宾语，表示事物故用what；what you have been devoted to为主语，从句作主语，谓语动词用单数，故D选项正确。
14.--- Difficulties always go with me!
--- Cheer up! If God closes door in front of you, there be a window opened for you.
A. must B. would
C. could D. can
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——困难总是伴随着我！——高兴点! 如果上帝在你面前关上了门，一定有一扇窗户为你打开。A. must必须；B. would将要；C. could能，会；D. can能，会。must表示对现在的状态推测时，意为“一定”，表示可能性很大的推测。符合语境。故选A。
【点睛】1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。
2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接完成进行式。
5) 否定推测用can't。
本句中的。must表示对现在的状态推测时，意为一定，表示可能性很大的推测。符合第2点用法。
15.Much to their delight, their new project ______ at the conference, the excited scholars decided to have a barbecue to celebrate the fantastic moment.
A. to approve B. being approved C. having approved D. having been approved
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：令他们高兴的是，他们的新项目在会议上被批准了，兴奋的学者们决定举行一次烧烤来庆祝这个美妙的时刻。此处句子的主语是 the excited scholars；their new project是动词 approve 的逻辑主语，动词 approve 的动作先于谓语动词的动作decide发生，且与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，所以这里用现在分词完成式的被动式，并与逻辑主语构成现在分词的独立主格结构作时间状语。故选D。
【点睛】现在分词独立主格结构的理解与用法
一、现在分词独立主格结构的理解
根据英语语法要求，如果一个现在分词用作状语，那么它的逻辑主语应该与句子主语体质一致，但有时句子的语义需要现在分词的逻辑主语与句子主语
不一致，此时我们就需要使用现在分词的独立主格结构。
现在分词的独立主格结构由“名词或代词（采用主格形式）+现在分词”构成，其中采用主格形式的“名词或代词”就是其后现在分词的逻辑主语。如：
He being absent, nothing couldn't be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。
Ashton being dead, there was nothing to be done now. 阿希顿已经死了，现在没有什么办法可想了。
Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们将于明天进行比赛。
She sat behind the table, her chin resting in her hands. 她坐在桌子后面，双手托着下巴。
二、现在分词独立主格结构的正误分析
请再看下面的正误句分析：
误：Being ill, we had to send the boy to hospital.
由于being ill前没有自带的逻辑主语，所以从理论上说，它的逻辑主语就应该是句子主语，这样一来此句的意思就是：（我们）生病了，所以我们只好送
这男孩去医院。显然这样的句子不合情理。但是，如果改为下面这样的句子就没问题了：
正：Being ill, the boy was sent to hospital. 由于生病了，这男孩被送到了医院。
如果改为现在分词的独立主格结构，则可以这样改写：
正：The boy being ill, we had to send him to hospital. 这男孩病了，所以我们送他去医院。
句中的the boy being ill就是现在分词的独立主格结构，其中的the boy为现在分词being ill的逻辑主语。
三、现在分词独立主格结构的用法
1. 表时间
The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。
2. 表原因
The day being fine, we decided to go swimming. 天气好，我们决定去游泳。
The day being fine, they decided to go swimming. 由于天气很好，我们决定去游泳。
Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. 因为再没有人有话要说，会议就结束了。
3. 表结果
The cart overturned, the horse plunging and rearing in its traces. 马车翻倒，马往前一冲，套着挽绳的上半身直立起来。
All this time, they were fast asleep, all of them knowing nothing about what had happened. 那段时间，他们都很快就入睡了，没有人知道发生了什么事。
The plane crashed, its bombs exploding at it hit the ground 飞机坠毁了，它携带的炸弹在它触地的同时爆炸了。
4. 表条件
Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们将于明天进行比赛。
I’m playing golf this afternoon—weather permitting. 我今天下午打高尔夫球——如果天气允许的话。
Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress not the white one. 其他方面若都相同，我将买那件黑的衣服，不买那件白的。
5. 表伴随
She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind. 她向我跑来，秀发在风中飘扬着。
We drove through red traffic lights, the horn blaring. 我们鸣着喇叭，闯过红灯。
She sat behind the table, her chin resting in her hands. 她坐在桌子后面，双手托着下巴。
第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
For many, just taking part in a single marathon is the achievement of a lifetime. But for Julie Weiss, it has become a ___16___ routine. She has run 12 marathons once a week—for the past year in memory of her dad who ___17___ just 35 days after he was ___18___ with pancreatic cancer(胰腺癌). When Julie Weiss lost her father in 2010, she was ___19___ to find the research for pancreatic cancer is so short of fund. “It made me feel ___20___” she said, “I knew I had to do something.”
So this marathon queen, ___21___ she calls herself, did what she did best; she went running. Having completed 25 marathons during the ___22___ two years, Julie now vowed(发誓) to run 12 marathons in 12 weeks in ___23___ of her father. After asking people to ___24___ money for each marathon, she ____25____ a website, marathon goddess, com, to collect money for the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network(PANCAN), a nonprofit organization. Julie began her incredible ____26____ with a marathon in Rome and then entered a race every ____27____ in some city across North America. ____28____ leaving work at 5 p.m.on Friday she would be ready to begin the next race, before she ____29____ home to California on Sunday. Julie finished her 1,362.4-mile journey in March 2013, ____30____ more than $ 200,000 in the process for PANCAN.
While running, she stuck to a strict training schedule. “My body’s getting used to this. I’m changing my diet, becoming more healthy and learning to run more ____31____” she said. When her muscles began to ____32____, she kept her ____33____ in mind. “When you do what you love, for those you love, that is where the ____34____ happen. Together we can make a(n) ____35____, and pave the way for a happy, healthy, cancer free life.” she said.
16. A. weekly B. monthly C. daily D. yearly
17. A. passed by B. passed away C. died off D. died out
18. A. connected B. diagnosed C. treated D. dealt
19. A. inspired B. exhausted C. interested D. shocked
20. A. desirable B. helpless C. hopeful D. wishful
21. A. while B. what C. as D. since
22. A. previous B. precious C. present D. precise
23. A. search B. need C. honor D. place
24. A. pay B. donate C. make D. earn
25. A. set up B. made up C. held up D. broke up
26. A. experiment B. stage C. road D. challenge
27. A. day B. morning C. weekend D. weekday
28. A. At B. By C. With D. On
29. A. parted B. left C. headed D. missed
30. A. raising B. earning C. spending D. wasting
31. A. merrily B. efficiently C. specifically D. casually
32. A. swell B. stress C. burn D. ache
33. A. strength B. relief C. motivation D. interest
34. A. miracles B. accidents C. stories D. events
35. A. offer B. sacrifice C. promise D. difference
【答案】16. A 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Julie Weiss为了纪念她的父亲，她发誓52周参加52次马拉松赛跑，并给胰腺癌的研究筹集资金。她的感慨发言很令人感动：当为了你爱的那些人，做你爱做的事，奇迹就会发生。团结起来我们就能有所作为，就能为健康、幸福和远离癌症铺平道路。
【16题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：对于Julie Weiss来说，跑马拉松是每周的事情。A. weekly每周的；B. monthly每个月的；C. daily每日的；D. yearly每年的。根据后面提到的run 52 marathons-once a week-for the past year可知，是每周都跑一次马拉松。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了纪念患有胰腺癌去世的父亲。A. passed by经过；B. passed away死去；C. died off相继死去；D. died out灭绝。她父亲被诊出患有胰腺癌35天后就去世了(pass away)。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：她父亲被诊出患有胰腺癌35天后就去世了。be connected with与……有联系；be diagnosed with被诊断为……；be treated with用……进行治疗；be dealt with被处理。。根据语境，判断是被诊断出，故选B。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：父亲去世后，她发现研究胰腺癌的资金是如此短缺，她感到震惊。A. inspired鼓舞人心的；B. exhausted精疲力尽的；C. interested对……感兴趣； D. shocked对……感到震惊。发现研究胰腺癌的资金是如此短缺地感到震惊。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让我感觉到很无助。A. desirable令人满意的；B. helpless无助的；C. hopeful充满希望的；D. wishful有希望的。研究胰腺癌的资金短缺使作者感觉到很无助。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查连词的用法。句意：这位自称是马拉松女王的人尽最大的努力去为此做些事情。A. while 在……期间；B. what所……的；C. as正如，正像；D. since自从。马拉松女皇，正像她自称的那样(as)。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她在过去的两年中完成了25场马拉松。A. previous以前的；过去的；B. precious宝贵的；C. present目前；D. precise准确的。根据现在她要做，可知前面是说在过去的两年中完成了25场马拉松。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：为了纪念她的父亲。A. search寻找；B. need需要；C. honor荣誉；D. place地方。根据上文的in memory of可知，是纪念，(in honor of=in memory of)，故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。 句意：请人们为每一场马拉松捐款。A. pay付款；B. donate捐献；C. make制作；使；D. earn赢得。这都是作者为筹集胰腺癌资金所做的事，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语的用法。句意：她建立了自己的网站。A. set up建立；B. made up组成；C. held up阻止，妨碍；D. broke up破坏，破裂。为了筹集资金，她建立了自己的网站。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：开始她难以置信的挑战。A. experiment实验；B. stage平台；C. road道路；D. challenge挑战。根据下文，在各地跑马拉松是她难以置信的挑战。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：然后在每个周末在北美的某个城市参加一场马拉松赛。A. day白天；B. morning早上；C. weekend周末；D. weekday工作日。根据下文得知，她还有工作，只能在每个周末参加一场马拉松赛。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查介词的用法。句意：星期五下午5点下班以后，她就准备下一次的比赛。A. at在……点；B. by通过；C. with具有；D. upon一……就。星期五下午5点一下班，她就准备下一次的比赛。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：然后才赶往在加利福尼亚的家。A.parted分开；B. left 离开；C.headed向……前进；D. missed失去。参加完各种马拉松比赛后，才赶回加利福尼亚的家。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：她为胰腺癌的研究筹集了200,000美元A. raising提升；筹集；B. earning挣；C. spending花费；D. wasting浪费。上文raise提示她为胰腺癌的研究筹集资金。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她学会跑得更有效率，更高效。A. merrily高兴地；B. efficiently 高效地；C. specifically特殊地；D. casually随意地。她学会跑得更有效率，更高效这样才能筹集更多的钱。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：当她的肌肉开始疼痛时。A. swell肿；B. stress压力；C. burn燃烧；D. ache疼痛。当她遇到身体挑战时，她会想起跑马拉松的动力。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：她记起了自己跑马拉松的动力所在：为了纪念她的父亲，为了自己所爱的马拉松赛。A. strength力量；B. relief减轻；C. motivation动机；D. interest兴趣。为了纪念她的父亲，为了自己所爱的马拉松赛，这是她坚持下去的动力。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：那就是奇迹开始的地方。A. miracles奇迹；B. accidents意外事故；C. stories故事；D. events事件。坚持就是发生奇迹。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：团结起来我们就能有所作为。A. offer主动帮忙；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. promise承诺；D. difference不同。作者做的事情是改变世界。故选D。
【点睛】完形填空是高考英语中最难的一个题，正确解答完形填空题是考试成功至关重要的保障。完形填空的解题方法很多，我们就这道题就只讲词汇复现法。希望你们能掌握。词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。本题中的41题中的once a week和weekly；42题中的lost和pass away；49题中的 collect money 和donate money；等都采用了这个方法，请同学们仔细体会。
第三部分阅读理解（共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Harvard Pre-College Program
SESSION I:
SESSION II:
SESSION III:
June 23 --- July 5
2019
July 7 --- July 19,
2019
July 21 --- August 2,
2019
Our summer program for high school students is designed to pave the way for a successful college experience.
HERE YOU CAN:
Learn without limits
Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics, law, writing, philosophy, and a dozen other subjects.
Live at Harvard
* You will live in a historic undergraduate house near Harvard Square.
* Your plan covers three meals a day, seven days a week.
Have fun outside the classroom
You might enjoy a Cirque du Sileil performance, a Red Sox game at Fenway Park, or a trip to the Museum of Science.
ELIGIBILITY (申请资格)
Students are academically motivated and will graduate in 2020 or 2021.
TO APPLY
Complete an online application and provide the following materials: the $50 nonrefundable application fee; transcripts (成绩单) with fall 2018 grades; signed rules and regulations.
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS
Participants should apply for the B-2 tourist visa. If English is not your native language, submit scores from the TOEFLor IELTS language proficiency exam.
APPLICATION TIPS
* No fee is required to start your application. You will be asked to pay the application fee only upon submitting the application.
* The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.
* Use a desktop or laptop. You will be asked to write short essays as part of your application. This may be challenging to do on a mobile phone.
* You will receive an email informing you of the application status approximately three weeks after you have completed your application.
36. Harvard organizes such a program to ______.
A. reduce students’ academic pressure
B. select good students to join in Harvard
C. make students obtain high grades in their study
D. help students prepare for their future college life
37. What can we learn about the program?
A. Students are offered three meals except weekends.
B. It merely has two sessions during one summer.
C. It provides courses on various subjects for students.
D. Students can live in a hotel near Harvard.
38. If you are a native student who wants to apply for the program, you need to provide ______
A. a B-2 tourist visa
B. transcripts with your fall 2018 grades
C. scores from the TOEFL exam
D. a recommendation letter from your high school teacher
39. The applicants can learn from the application tips that ______.
A. their TOEFL or IELTS scores should meet the requirements
B. the application fee should be paid before they start applying
C. it is convenient to use any electronic products to apply
D. they can check the application status in a week
【答案】36. D 37. C 38. B 39. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了哈佛大学帮助学生为大学生活做准备而开设的一个暑期项目的情况。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段Our summer program for high school students is designed to pave the way for a successful college experience.（我们的高中生暑期项目是为成功的大学生活铺平道路的。）可知哈佛大学组织了这样一个项目来帮助学生为他们未来的大学生活做准备。故选D。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据Learn without limits部分中Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics, law, writing, philosophy, and a dozen other subjects.（在物理、法律、写作、哲学和其他十几个学科上追求你的兴趣。）可知项目为学生提供不同学科的课程。故选C。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据TO APPLY部分中Complete an online application and provide the following materials: the $50 nonrefundable application fee; transcripts (成绩单) with fall 2018 grades; signed rules and regulations.（完成网上申请，并提供以下材料:50美元的不可退还的申请费;2018年秋季成绩单;签署规章制度。）可知如果你是本地学生，想要申请这个项目，你需要提供2018年秋季的成绩单。故选B。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据APPLICATION TIPS部分中* The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.（成功申请者的托福成绩一般在103分以上，写作部分25分，雅思至少7.5分，写作部分7分。）可知申请者可以从APPLICATION TIPS中了解到他们的托福或雅思成绩应该达到的分数要求。故选A。
【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。有一种文章细节理解题是一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。如第四小题，根据APPLICATION TIPS部分中* The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.（成功申请者的托福成绩一般在103分以上，写作部分25分，雅思至少7.5分，写作部分7分。）可知申请者可以从APPLICATION TIPS中了解到他们的托福或雅思成绩应该达到的分数要求。故选A。
B
“If they hated me they didn’t talk to me about it,” says a young German manager at a media firm in Frankfurt. Still, he says it was noticeable that when an employee 20 years older than him thanked him for buying lunch he had to swallow twice before adding the word “boss”.
Older workers sometimes envy being managed by a younger colleague. Precocious (老成的) youngsters, too, can feel awkward about bossing their elders around. But in Germany a shortage of skilled workers means that such situations are becoming even more common.
The country’s population is projected to shrink. As more Germans retire，fewer youngsters are entering the work-place to replace them. As a share of the working population the number of
15-to-24-year-olds has fallen by ten percent since the 1980s, says the German Federal Employment Agency. Firms competing to hire young talent have to promote them earlier as a result. A paper by professors at the university of Cambridge and WHU, a German business school, to be published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior, suggests this could be a problem.
As in many countries, German work-places are legally obliged to overlook age when deciding whom to promote. Yet according to Jochen Menges, one of the authors, when an ordinary worker leap-frogs a more experienced one it can leave the latter with feelings of “anger, fear and disgust.” People tend to judge their own standing by the success of their peers, and to see failure in being bossed about by someone younger. The relationship between feelings of anxiety and the age of the boss is clear, according to Mr Menges. A manager who is younger by one year is somewhat unsettling; a gap of 20 years is far more discouraging.
German firms certainly shouldn’t return to a system in which age equals to rank. But young people tend to be sensitive about managing upwards. And older workers should be encouraged to see the bright side of learning new skills. Daimler, a big German car firm, says it promotes age- mixed teams, so that knowledge can be transferred between generations. It also supports young managers by asking retired employees to provide temporary support.
40. For what does the author mention a young German manager and his experience in Paragraph 1?
A. To introduce the topic. B. To present an argument.
C. To attract readers’ interest. D. To describe his own idea.
41. Why are some precocious youngsters bossing their elders around in Germany？
A. Precocious youngsters are all skilled workers.
B. Such situations are becoming more common.
C. Fewer youngsters would like to do hard work.
D. Companies compete fiercely to hire young talent.
42. In which of the following situations might an employee regard himself as a failure according to the passage?
A. When he has to decide whom to promote.
B. When he leap-frogs a more experienced worker.
C. When he is being bossed about by someone younger.
D. When he experiences feelings of anger fear and disgust.
43. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. A younger boss is more likely to be nervous and anxious.
B. An employee with a younger boss tends to suffer from anxiety.
C. There is a connection between anxiety and the age of promotion.
D. The age of the boss and anxiety are closely related.
44. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Qualified workers should be promoted to boss.
B. Older workers should support younger managers.
C. Older workers are no better than younger colleagues.
D. You are never too old to learn, or too young to mange.
【答案】40. A 41. D 42. C 43. B 44. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于德国年轻人数量下降，竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔年轻人来做管理人员，拥有一位年轻的老板对员工无形中也产生了焦虑感。就此应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面，以及组建年龄混合的团队。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中Still, he says it was noticeable that when an employee 20 years older than him thanked him for buying lunch he had to swallow twice before adding the word “boss”.（不过，他说，值得注意的是，当一名比他大20岁的员工感谢他买了午餐时，他不得不吞下两口，然后才加上“老板”一词。）提到的事例以及第二段内容Older workers sometimes envy being managed by a younger colleague. Precocious youngsters, too, can feel awkward about bossing their elders around. But in Germany a shortage of skilled workers means that such situations are becoming even more common.（年长的员工有时会羡慕被年轻的同事管理。早熟的年轻人也会因为对长辈颐指气使而感到尴尬。但在德国，熟练工人的短缺意味着这种情况变得更加普遍。）对第一段的现象进行解释说明，可知作者在第一段中提到了一个年轻的德国经理和他的经历是为了引入主题。故选A。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中15-to-24-year-olds has fallen by ten percent since the 1980s, says the German Federal Employment Agency. Firms competing to hire young talent have to promote them earlier as a result.（德国联邦职业介绍所表示，自上世纪80年代以来，15至24岁的年轻人数量下降了10%。因此，竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔他们。）可知在德国有些早熟的年轻人对长辈颐指气使，这是因为公司为雇佣年轻人才的激烈竞争，导致年轻人更早地被提拔为管理人员。故选D。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中People tend to judge their own standing by the success of their peers, and to see failure in being bossed about by someone younger.（人们倾向于根据同龄人的成功来判断自己的地位，并认为被年轻人左右是失败的。）可知当员工被更年轻的人颐指气使的时候，他会认为自己是失败的。故选C。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据下文A manager who is younger by one year is somewhat unsettling; a gap of 20 years is far more discouraging. 一个年轻一岁的经理有点让人不安；20年的差距更让人沮丧。可推知老板年龄越年轻，员工的焦虑感越明显，故可推知划线句子意思是：拥有年轻老板的员工往往会感到焦虑。故选B。
【44题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段But young people tend to be sensitive about managing upwards. And older workers should be encouraged to see the bright side of learning new skills. Daimler, a big German car firm, says it promotes age- mixed teams, so that knowledge can be transferred between generations. It also supports young managers by asking retired employees to provide temporary support.（但年轻人往往对向上管理很敏感。应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面。德国大型汽车公司戴姆勒表示，他们提倡年龄混合的团队，这样知识就可以在几代人之间传递。它还通过要求退休员工提供临时支持来支持年轻的管理者。）结合文章主要内容围绕着德国管理者倾向年轻化的问题，主要是说明了人们应当活到老学到老，永远不会因为太年轻而无法管理。故选D。
C
Antarctica has become one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations. Since 1969, the average number of visitors to the continent has increased from several hundred to over 34,000 today. All activities in Antarctica are heavily supervised by the Antarctic treaty for environmental protection purposes and the industry is largely managed by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO).
The first expedition (探险) to Antarctica with travelers was in 1966, led by Swedish explorer Lars Eric Lindblad. He wanted to give tourists first-hand experience of the ecological sensitivity of the Antarctic environment, in order to educate them and promote a greater understanding of the continent’s role in the world. In 1969, Lindblad built the world’s first expedition ship, the MS Lindblad Explorer, which was specifically designed to transport tourists to Antarctica.
In 1977, both Australia and New Zealand started to offer scenic flights to Antarctica through Qantas and Air New Zealand. The flights often flew to the continent without landing and returned to the departure airport. The experience was an average 12 to 14 hours with up to 4 hours of flying directly over the continent. The flights from Australia and New Zealand stopped in 1980. It was largely due to the Air New Zealand Flight 901 accident on November 28, 1979. In 1994, flights to Antarctica continued again.
Despite the potential dangers and risks, trips to Antarctica continued to grow. According to IAATO, 34,354 travelers visited the continent between 2012 and 2013. Americans contributed to the largest share with 10,677 visitors, or 31.1%, followed by Germans 11.1%, Australians 10.7%, and the British 10.2%. The rest of the visitors were from China, Canada, Switzerland, France and elsewhere.
The cost of a trip to Antarctica can range from as little as $3,000-$4,000 to over $40,000, depending on the scope of transportation, housing, and activity needs. The higher end packages typically involve air transport, on-site camping, and a visit to the South Pole.
45. Which can best replace the underlined word “supervised” in Paragraph 1?
A. Protected. B. Monitored.
C. Supported. D. Forbidden.
46. What’s Lars Eric Lindblad’s original purpose in getting to Antarctica?
A. To make himself the first explorer to go to Antarctica.
B. To transport more and more tourists to Antarctica.
C. To get first-hand experience of precious resources.
D. To let people know the significance of the continent.
47. What do we know about the flights to Antarctica?
A. They were once cancelled for more than ten years due to dangers.
B. Natural conditions of Antarctica are unable to support their landing.
C. It takes 14 hours to fly from New Zealand to Antarctica directly.
D. Air New Zealand has much success in developing Antarctic tourism.
48. What can be learned from the passage?
A. It is very convenient for Americans to travel to Antarctica.
B. The travelers usually have 4 hours’ sightseeing on the continent.
C. The number of people travelling to Antarctica is increasing.
D. New Zealand is the first country to offer scenic flights to Antarctica.
49. What’s the best title for the text?
A. The development of Antarctica B. Antarctica, a dream tourist attraction
C. The history of tourism in Antarctica D. IAATO, a great organization
【答案】45. B 46. D 47. A 48. C 49. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了南极洲已经成为世界上最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一，同时按照时间顺序说明了南极洲的旅游业历史，尽管存在潜在的危险和风险，前往南极洲的旅行仍在增加，以及南极洲之旅的费用情况。
【45题详解】
词义猜测题。结合下文by the Antarctic treaty for environmental protection purposes and the industry is largely managed by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO).可知由于南极洲的旅行人数增多，为了保护环境，在南极洲的所有活动都受到《南极条约》的严格监督，旅游业主要由国际南极旅游经营者协会管理。故可推测划线单词意思为“监督”。故选B。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中He wanted to give tourists first-hand experience of the ecological sensitivity of the Antarctic environment, in order to educate them and promote a greater understanding of the continent’s role in the world.（他想让游客亲身体验南极环境的生态敏感性，以便教育他们，并促进他们更好地了解南极在世界上的作用。）可知Lars Eric Lindblad去南极洲的最初目的是为了让人们知道南极洲大陆的重要性。故选D。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中The flights from Australia and New Zealand stopped in 1980. It was largely due to the Air New Zealand Flight 901 accident on November 28, 1979. In 1994, flights to Antarctica continued again.（来自澳大利亚和新西兰的航班于1980年停飞。这主要是由于1979年11月28日新西兰航空公司901航班的事故。1994年，前往南极洲的飞行再次继续。）可知飞往南极洲的航班曾经因为危险而被取消了十多年。故选A。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中Since 1969, the average number of visitors to the continent has increased from several hundred to over 34,000 today.（自1969年以来，到南极洲大陆的平均游客人数已经从几百人增加到今天的34000多人。）倒数第二段第一句Despite the potential dangers and risks, trips to Antarctica continued to grow.（尽管存在潜在的危险和风险，前往南极洲的旅行仍在增加。）可知前往南极洲的人数正在增加。故选C。
【49题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段第一句The first expedition to Antarctica with travelers was in 1966, led by Swedish explorer Lars Eric Lindblad.（1966年，由瑞典探险家Lars Eric Lindblad带领的探险队首次随旅行者前往南极洲。）以及文章主要内容为介绍南极洲旅游行业的历史，故C选项“南极洲旅游历史”最符合文章标题。故选C。
【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为
① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。
② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。
③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。
④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。如第一小题，结合下文by the Antarctic treaty for environmental protection purposes and the industry is largely managed by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO).可知由于南极洲的旅行人数增多，为了保护环境的目的，在南极洲的所有活动都受到《南极条约》的严格监督，旅游业主要由国际南极旅游经营者协会管理。故可推测划线单词意思为“监督”。故选B。
⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。
D
I’m a storyteller. And I would like to tell you a few personal stories.
I grew up reading British and American children’s books. When I began to write, I wrote exactly the kinds of stories I was reading: All my characters were white and blue-eyed, they ate apples and talked a lot about the weather, despite the fact that I lived in Nigeria. We ate mangoes, and we never talked about the weather. Because all I had read were books in which characters were foreign, I had become convinced that books by their very nature had to have foreigners in them. Things changed when I discovered African books. Because of writers like Chinua Achebe and Camara Laye, I went through a mental shift in my idea of literature. I realized that people like me, girls with skin the color of chocolate, could also exist in literature. I started to write about things I recognized. So what the discovery of African writers did for me was this: It saved me from having a single story of what books are. The year I turned eight, we got a new house boy Fide from a nearby rural village. The only thing my mother told us about him was that his family was very poor. And when I didn’t finish my dinner, my mother would say, “Finish your food! Don’t you know? People like Fide’s family have nothing.” So I felt enormous pity for Fide’s family. Then one Saturday, we went to his village to visit, and his mother showed us a beautifully patterned basket that his brother had made. I was astonished. It had not occurred to me that anybody in his family could actually make something. Their poverty was my single story of them.
Years later, when I left Nigeria to go to university in the United States, my American roommate asked where I had learned to speak English so well, and was confused when I said that Nigeria happened to have English as its official language. What struck me was this: She had felt sorry for me even before she saw me. My roommate had a single story of Africa: a single story of catastrophe.
Of course, Africa is a continent full of catastrophes. But there are other stories that are not about catastrophe, and it is very important, it is just as important, to talk about them. The consequence of the single story is this: It robs people of dignity. It makes our recognition of our equal humanity difficult. It emphasizes how we are different rather than how we are similar.
So what if my mother had told us that Fide’s family was poor and hardworking? What if we had an African television network that broadcast diverse African stories all over the world? What if my roommate knew about my Nigerian publisher, Muhtar Bakare, a remarkable man who left his job in a bank to follow his dream and start a publishing house? What if my roommate knew about my friend Funmi Iyanda, a fearless woman who hosts a TV show, and is determined to tell the stories that we prefer to forget?
My Nigerian publisher and I have just started a non-profit called Farafina Trust, and we have big dreams of building libraries and providing books for state schools, and also of organizing lots of workshops in reading and writing, for all the people who are eager to tell our many stories.
Stories matter. Many stories matter. Stories can break the dignity of a people, but stories can also repair that broken dignity. When we realize that there is never a single story about any place, we regain a kind of paradise.
50. What is probably people’s first impression of the writer when it comes to her nationality?
A. She mainly eats apples and mangoes.
B. She may not speak fluent English.
C. She comes from a place free of catastrophes.
D. She prefers stories based on foreign characters.
51. The underlined phrase “a mental shift” in Paragraph 2 refers to the writer’s ________.
A. discovery of African books with characters of her skin color
B. acquaintance with local African writers like Chinua Achebe
C. realization that not only foreign characters exist in literature
D. change that she started to write about things she recognized
52. How many personal stories has the writer mentioned in the passage?
A. Two. B. Three.
C. Four. D. Five.
53. The writer uses several single stories in the passage to illustrate that the single story ________.
A. matters in keeping listeners well informed
B. tends to convey a prejudiced idea to listeners
C. gets increasingly popular among story tellers
D. fails to produce a lasting effect on listeners
54. The writer lists many “what ifs” in Paragraph 6 to ________.
A. emphasize our differences rather than similarities
B. indicate the way that stories are used to break dignity
C. show the hardship of recognizing our equal humanity
D. stress the importance of telling diverse, balanced stories
55. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. The danger of the single story B. The importance of telling stories
C. The single stories that matter D. Stories that can repair broken dignity
【答案】50. B 51. C 52. B 53. B 54. D 55. A
【解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者通过讲述几个个人的故事，通过故事告诫我们：如果我们只去聆听关于一个人、一个国家的单一故事，将会导致非常严重的误解。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。由本文第二段可知，作者实际上来自尼日利亚，经常吃芒果，不讨论天气，有着巧克力肤色。可知至少不是说英语的欧洲人。从本文第四段，作者的美国舍友对她能说一口流利英语表示疑惑可知，因此可以推断出人们对尼日利亚的人第一印象可能是认为他们不会说流利的英语。故选B。
【51题详解】
词义猜测题。由本文第二段倒数I realized that people like me, girls with skin the color of chocolate, could also exist in literature.可知作者的思想转变是她意识到像她这样有着巧克力肤色的女生也是可以在文学作品中有一席之地的。即不仅仅外国人物才存在在文学作品中。故选C。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。本文第二段、第三段、第四段分别讲了作者自己意识到文学作品中人物不限英美，作者发现Fide一家贫穷却努力，作者的室友对尼日利亚的刻板印象。即一共三个她的个人经历。故选B。
53题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，不论是作者、作者妈妈、作者的室友，不同的人们有着不同的single story，实际上可以理解为“一面之词”“刻板印象”，但其实又不符合事实，即会给听众传达有偏见的想法，故选B。
【54题详解】
推理判断题。作者的一系列假设，其实是更好的做法。兼听则明偏信则暗。我们不应该听信一面之词，应该去多角度的均衡的了解。故选D。
【55题详解】
主旨大意题。全文讲述了作者、作者妈妈、作者室友的偏见，以及作者对此的看法。认为一面之词实际上是很不好的。在并没有亲自去观察探索也没有去多方面了解之前，人们就接受了single story。但其实往往并不符合事实。因此最好的标题是一面之词的危险。故选A。
第II卷（共35分）
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，满分35分）
第一节
阅读表达
“Cleverness is a gift while kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy---they're given after all. Choices can be hard.”
I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2300 percent per year. I'd never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me. I had just turned 30, and I’d been married for a year. I told my wife that I wanted to quit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldn't work since most start-ups don’t and I wasn't sure what to expect. She told me I should go for it. As a young boy, I had been a garage inventor. I had always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.
I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people and a brilliant boss that I much admired. I went to my boss and told him that I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet. He took me on a long walk in Central Park，listened carefully to me and finally said,“That sounds like a really good idea，but it would be an even better idea for someone who didn't already have a good job.”That logic made some sense to me，and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision. Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice，but ultimately, I decided I had to give it a shot. I didn't think I would regret trying and failing. And I suspected that I would always be haunted by a decision to not try at all.
After much consideration, I took the less secure path to follow my passion, and I'm proud of that choice. For all of us, in the end, we are our choices.
56. What inspired the author to start Amazon 16 years ago? (No more than 15 words)
57. How did the author’s wife respond to his crazy idea of building an online bookstore? (No more than 10 words)
58. What was the attitude of the author’s boss towards his starting a company online? (No more than 10 words)
59. What’s your understanding of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (No more than 15 words)
60. What is the most important factor when you make your career choice? Give your reasons. (No more than 20 words)
【答案】56. The fact that the Internet usage was growing sharply / fast per year. That the Internet usage was growing at 230 percent per year./The fact that more and more people were using the Internet.
57. She responded by telling me to go for it / my dream. She wanted / inspired me to follow my passion.
58. He thought it a good idea but unsuitable for me./He didn’t support his idea (to start a company online)./He wasn’t in favor of his idea (to start a company online). He held a negative attitude towards his idea.
59. For all of us, our choices decide / determine who we are finally. For all of us, our choices determine what we get finally./For all of us, our choices have a great effect on our life / future finally.
60. Interest, without which I can’t devote myself to the career and overcome the challenge./Better career prospects. (A good pay.) I hope to choose a career that can lead me to a bright future.
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者16年看到互联网的迅猛增长因此有了创办亚马逊的想法，对此想法作者的妻子表示支持作者追求自己的梦想和激情，而作者的老板则持反对态度，最终作者选择了一条不太安全的道路来追寻我的激情，作者也为自己的选择感到自豪。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2300 percent per year. I'd never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me.（我发现互联网的使用率以每年230%的速度增长。我从来没有见过或听说过任何东西发展得这么快，而建立一个拥有数百万种图书的网上书店的想法让我非常兴奋。）可知促使作者在16年前创办了亚马逊是因为互联网的使用正以每年迅猛的速度增长，互联网使用率以每年230个百分点的速度增长以及越来越多的人使用互联网的事实。故答The fact that the Internet usage was growing sharply / fast per year. That the Internet usage was growing at 230 percent per year./The fact that more and more people were using the Internet.。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中She told me I should go for it. As a young boy, I had been a garage inventor. I had always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.（她告诉我应该去。当我还是个小男孩的时候，我就是一个车库发明家。我一直想成为一名发明家，她希望我追随自己的激情。）可知作者的妻子对他建立网上书店的疯狂想法是告诉作者去追求自己的梦想和激情。故答She responded by telling me to go for it / my dream. She wanted / inspired me to follow my passion.。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中He took me on a long walk in Central Park，listened carefully to me and finally said,“That sounds like a really good idea，but it would be an even better idea for someone who didn't already have a good job.”（他带我在中央公园散步了很长一段时间，仔细地听我说，最后他说:“这听起来真是个好主意，但对那些还没有找到好工作的人来说，这是个更好的主意。”）可知作者的老板对作者的想法是个好主意，但不适合作者，老板持反对态度。故答He thought it a good idea but unsuitable for me./He didn’t support his idea (to start a company online)./He wasn’t in favor of his idea (to start a company online). He held a negative attitude towards his idea.。
【59题详解】
词义猜测题。结合上文After much consideration, I took the less secure path to follow my passion, and I'm proud of that choice.可知经过深思熟虑，作者选择了一条不太安全的道路来追寻自己的激情，也为自己的选择感到自豪。作者的选择决定了作者最终会得到什么，对他的生活或未来也有很大的影响。故可推测划线句子的意思是：对于我们所有人来说，我们的选择最终决定了我们是谁，决定了我们最终会得到什么，最终对我们的生活/未来有很大的影响。故答For all of us, our choices decide / determine who we are finally. For all of us, our choices determine what we get finally./For all of us, our choices have a great effect on our life / future finally.。
【60题详解】
这是一道开放性题目，要求说出自己选择职业时最重要的因素是什么，答案言之有理即可。可以说重要因素是个人兴趣、职业前景等等。故可答Interest, without which I can’t devote myself to the career and overcome the challenge./Better career prospects. (A good pay.) I hope to choose a career that can lead me to a bright future.。
第二节 书面表达（满分25 分）
61.假设你是某中学的学生谢飞，你校国际部将选拔一些学生志愿者，参与国际部接待学访团 等外事活动的策划和组织。你欲参选，请根据以下提示，写一篇竞选演讲稿。
* 个人优势介绍（如性格，特长等）；
* 接待学访学生的活动安排（校内，校外）；
* 表达当选的愿望。 注意：
1. 词数不少于 100；
2. 请勿提及真实学校名称；
3. 可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；
4. 开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：
竞选 run for…; 学访学生 students on the exchange program
Good afternoon, my dear friends, My name is Xie Fei.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
【答案】Good afternoon, my dear friends, My name is Xie Fei. I feel greatly honored to run for a volunteer of the International Department in our school.
First of all, I’d like to give a brief introduction to myself. With an open and active personality, I have great confidence in fitting in with people. Having a good command of oral English, I can communicate with the exchange students without any language barriers.
When it comes to the arrangement of activities for the students on the exchange program, I recommend that some typical sports activities should be organized, from which the students can better understand and learn from each other. A culture show is also a good idea, ensuring students to appreciate works of art and get close to a different culture. In addition, at weekends, it’s desirable for us to go on visits to galleries, museums and special places of interest so that our honored guests can expose themselves to the lively city and get meaningful experiences.
I’m really anxious to be accepted as a student volunteer. Thank you!
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文写作。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知, 本篇为一篇竞选演讲稿；假设你是某中学的学生谢飞，你校国际部将选拔一些学生志愿者，参与国际部接待学访团 等外事活动的策划和组织。你欲参选，请根据以下提示，写一篇竞选演讲稿。* 个人优势介绍（如性格，特长等）；* 接待学访学生的活动安排（校内，校外）；* 表达当选的愿望。
第2步：根据写作要求, 确定关键词（组）, 如：run for…（竞选）；brief introduction（简短介绍）；have great confidence in（对……有信心）；have a good command of（精通）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句, 注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。
第4步：连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整, 语言规范, 语篇连贯, 词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如Having a good command of oral English, I can communicate with the exchange students without any language barriers.非谓语动词的运用；When it comes to the arrangement of activities for the students on the exchange program, I recommend that some typical sports activities should be organized, from which the students can better understand and learn from each other.运用了定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式, 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明, 上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。
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