【新教材】北师大版（2024）八年级下册英语Unit3单词讲解表 学案

这是一份【新教材】北师大版（2024）八年级下册英语Unit3单词讲解表 学案，共7页。
【新教材】北师大版（2024）八年级下册英语Unit3单词讲解表 单词核心搭配重点考点例句on one's own 独自do sth. on one's own 独自做某事；live on one's own 独自生活同义短语：by oneself，强调“独立地、无他人帮助”She can finish the work on her own. 她能独自完成这项工作。according to 据（……所说）according to the report 根据报道；according to the rules 根据规定后接名词或代词，不可与 opinion 等词连用According to the weather report, it will rain tomorrow. 根据天气预报，明天会下雨。discuss /dɪˈskʌs/ vt. 讨论，谈论discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事；discuss a plan 讨论计划后接名词/代词/动名词，不可直接接不定式We discussed the problem with our teacher. 我们和老师讨论了这个问题。recent /ˈriːsnt/ adj. 近来的in recent years 近年来；recent news 最近的消息副词形式为 recently，表“最近”There have been many changes in recent years. 近年来发生了很多变化。decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/ n. 决定，抉择make a decision 做决定；a difficult decision 一个艰难的决定动词形式为 decide，表“决定”It's a big decision for me. 这对我来说是一个重大的决定。hardly /ˈhɑːdli/ adv. 几乎不，几乎没有hardly ever 几乎从不；hardly any 几乎没有表否定含义，位于句首时句子需倒装I hardly ever watch TV. 我几乎从不看电视。lonely /ˈləʊnli/ adj. 孤独的，寂寞的；偏僻的feel lonely 感到孤独；a lonely village 偏僻的村庄与 alone 区分：lonely 表情感上的“孤独”，alone 表状态上的“独自”She lives alone, but she doesn't feel lonely. 她独自生活，但并不感到孤独。concert /ˈkɒnsət/ n. 音乐会；演奏会go to a concert 去听音乐会；a pop concert 流行音乐会注意发音重音在第一个音节I bought a ticket for the concert. 我买了一张音乐会的票。owner /ˈəʊnə/ n. 主人the owner of the house 房子的主人；a pet owner 宠物主人动词形式为 own，表“拥有”The owner of the shop is very friendly. 这家店的老板很友好。tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/ n. 旅游者，观光者，游客tourist attraction 旅游景点；foreign tourists 外国游客由 tour + -ist 构成，指“旅行者”Many tourists visit the Great Wall every year. 每年有很多游客参观长城。address /əˈdres/ n. 住址，地址；vt. 致函one's home address 家庭住址；address a letter 写信给某人作动词时表“称呼、致辞”或“处理问题”Please write your address on the form. 请在表格上写下你的地址。postcard /ˈpəʊstkɑːd/ n. 明信片send a postcard 寄明信片；a picture postcard 风景明信片由 post + card 构成，指“邮寄的卡片”I sent a postcard to my friend from Paris. 我从巴黎给朋友寄了一张明信片。bite /baɪt/ vt. & vi. 咬；叮，蜇bite sb. on the hand 咬某人的手；a snake bite 蛇咬过去式 bit，过去分词 bittenThe dog bit him on the leg. 狗咬了他的腿。vet /vet/ n. 兽医take a pet to the vet 带宠物去看兽医是 veterinarian 的缩写，口语中常用My cat is sick, so I took her to the vet. 我的猫病了，所以我带它去看兽医。wag /wæɡ/ vt. & vi.（狗尾巴）摇；vt. 摆动，摇wag one's tail 摇尾巴；wag a finger 摇手指常用来描述狗摇尾巴的动作The dog wagged its tail when it saw its owner. 狗看到主人时摇了摇尾巴。race /reɪs/ n. 赛跑，速度竞赛a 100-metre race 百米赛跑；win the race 赢得比赛可作名词或动词，表“赛跑”或“和……比赛”He took part in a race last week. 他上周参加了一场赛跑。fall /fɔːl/ vi. 突然倒下；减少；n. 秋天fall down 跌倒；fall in love with 爱上；in the fall 在秋天过去式 fell，过去分词 fallen；美式英语中表“秋天”The leaves fall from the trees in autumn. 秋天树叶从树上落下。struggle /ˈstrʌɡl/ vi. 奋斗，努力，争取；n. 斗争，抗争struggle for freedom 为自由而奋斗；a life and death struggle 生死搏斗可作动词或名词，表“挣扎、奋斗”She struggled to overcome her fear. 她努力克服自己的恐惧。line /laɪn/ n. 界线，场地线；线，线条；台词a straight line 直线；stand in line 排队；learn one's lines 背台词可表“线条”“队列”或“台词”等多种含义Please stand in line for the bus. 请排队等公交车。catch up with 赶上，追上（某人）catch up with the class 赶上班级进度；catch up with sb. 追上某人强调“从落后状态追上”He ran fast to catch up with his friends. 他跑得很快，追上了他的朋友们。refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ vt. & vi. 拒绝，回绝refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事；refuse an offer 拒绝提议后接不定式，不可接动名词He refused to help me. 他拒绝帮助我。worth /wɜːθ/ adj. 值得，有价值be worth doing 值得做；be worth $100 值100美元后接动名词主动形式表被动含义The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。scary /ˈskeəri/ adj. 恐怖的；吓人的a scary movie 恐怖电影；a scary story 吓人的故事由 scare + -y 构成，表“令人害怕的”，区别于 scared（感到害怕的）The movie was very scary. 这部电影很吓人。soft /sɒft/ adj. 软的，柔软的soft music 轻柔的音乐；soft bread 软面包反义词为 hard，可形容触感或声音The blanket is very soft. 这条毯子很柔软。hamster /ˈhæmstə/ n. 仓鼠keep a hamster as a pet 养仓鼠当宠物常见的宠物，注意拼写My sister has a pet hamster. 我妹妹有一只宠物仓鼠。reply /rɪˈplaɪ/ vt. 回答；回应reply to a letter 回信；reply to a question 回答问题后接 to，区别于 answer（可直接接宾语）He replied to my email quickly. 他很快回复了我的邮件。set off 动身，出发set off for a trip 动身去旅行；set off early 早早出发还可表“引爆、激起”等含义We set off early in the morning. 我们早上很早就出发了。directly /dəˈrektli/ adv. 立刻；立即directly after the meeting 会议结束后立刻；go directly home 直接回家可表“立刻”或“直接地”，形容词形式为 directHe left directly after the class. 他下课后立刻离开了。attention /əˈtenʃn/ n. 注意力；关心pay attention to 注意；draw one's attention 吸引某人的注意力常与 to 连用，表“关注”Please pay attention to the teacher. 请注意听老师讲课。satisfied /ˈsætɪsfaɪd/ adj. 满意的，满足的be satisfied with 对……满意；a satisfied smile 满意的微笑由 satisfy + -ed 构成，表“感到满意的”，区别于 satisfying（令人满意的）I'm satisfied with my exam results. 我对我的考试成绩很满意。successful /səkˈsesfl/ adj. 有成就的；达到目的的a successful businessman 成功的商人；be successful in doing sth. 成功做某事名词形式为 success，动词形式为 succeedShe is a successful writer. 她是一位成功的作家。director /dəˈrektə/ n. 导演；负责人the director of the film 电影导演；a company director 公司主管由 direct + -or 构成，表“指导者、负责人”The director of the movie is very famous. 这部电影的导演很有名。quick /kwɪk/ adj. 快的，短暂的；敏捷的，迅速的a quick meal 快餐；be quick at learning 学得快副词形式为 quickly，表“快速地”He is very quick at solving problems. 他解决问题很快。first of all 首先First of all, let's introduce ourselves. 首先，让我们自我介绍一下。用于列举或讲话开头，表“首要的是”First of all, I want to thank you all for coming. 首先，我要感谢大家的到来。lastly /ˈlɑːstli/ adv. 最后lastly, I'd like to say... 最后，我想说……用于列举或讲话结尾，表“最后一点”Lastly, let's summarize what we've learned. 最后，让我们总结一下我们学到的内容。dialogue /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/ n. 对话，对白a friendly dialogue 友好的对话；the dialogue in the play 剧中的对白英式拼写，美式为 dialogThe dialogue in the movie was very funny. 电影里的对白很有趣。plot /plɒt/ n. 故事情节，布局the plot of the novel 小说的情节；a complex plot 复杂的情节可表“情节”或“阴谋”，本单元指“故事情节”The plot of the movie was very exciting. 电影的情节很精彩。huge /hjuːdʒ/ adj. 巨大的，极多的a huge success 巨大的成功；a huge amount of money 一大笔钱语气比 big 强，表“极大的”The project was a huge success. 这个项目取得了巨大的成功。advantage /ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ n. 优点；有利条件take advantage of 利用；have an advantage over 比……有优势反义词为 disadvantageBeing tall gives him an advantage in basketball. 个子高让他在篮球方面有优势。disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ n. 不利因素；障碍at a disadvantage 处于不利地位；the disadvantages of the plan 计划的缺点由 dis- + advantage 构成，表“不利条件”Living far from school is a disadvantage. 住得离学校远是一个不利条件。rather /ˈrɑːðə/ adv. 有点儿；相当；相反rather cold 有点冷；would rather...than... 宁愿……而不愿……可表程度或选择，注意与 fairly 的区别It's rather cold today. 今天有点冷。would rather 宁愿；更喜欢would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事；would rather...than... 宁愿……而不愿……后接动词原形，表“更倾向于”I would rather stay at home than go out. 我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去。hot /hɒt/ adj. 辣的，辛辣的；温度高的hot food 辣的食物；hot weather 炎热的天气可表“温度高”或“味道辣”，反义词为 coldThe curry is very hot. 这个咖喱很辣。cent /sent/ n. 分币one cent 一美分；not worth a cent 一文不值美国和加拿大的货币单位，100分=1美元The candy costs 50 cents. 这个糖果50美分。Christmas /ˈkrɪsməs/ n. 圣诞节at Christmas 在圣诞节；Merry Christmas 圣诞快乐注意首字母大写，是基督教重要节日We celebrate Christmas with our family. 我们和家人一起庆祝圣诞节。