【新教材】北师大版（2024）八年级下册英语Unit5单词讲解表 学案

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【新教材】北师大版（2024）八年级下册英语Unit5单词讲解表单词核心搭配重点考点例句global /ˈɡləʊbl/ adj. 全球的；整体的global warming 全球变暖；global economy 全球经济由 globe + -al 构成，表“全球范围的”Climate change is a global problem. 气候变化是一个全球性问题。lack /læk/ n. 缺乏，匮乏，短缺；vt. 没有，不足a lack of 缺乏；lack confidence 缺乏信心可作名词或动词，表“缺少、没有”The project failed due to a lack of funding. 项目因缺乏资金而失败。noise /nɔɪz/ n. 噪声，声音，响声make a noise 制造噪音；noise pollution 噪音污染可指“噪音”或泛指“声音”，形容词形式为 noisyPlease don't make so much noise. 请不要制造这么多噪音。deforestation /ˌdiːfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ n. 滥伐森林，毁林stop deforestation 停止毁林；the effects of deforestation 毁林的影响由 de- + forest + -ation 构成，表“砍伐森林”Deforestation is a major threat to our environment. 毁林是对我们环境的主要威胁。force /fɔːs/ vt. 强迫，迫使；n. 力量；武力force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事；by force 用武力可作动词或名词，表“强迫”或“力量”He forced himself to get up early. 他强迫自己早起。factory /ˈfæktri/ n. 工厂，制造厂a car factory 汽车厂；a factory worker 工厂工人指大规模生产商品的场所The factory produces 100 cars a day. 这家工厂每天生产100辆汽车。waste /weɪst/ n. 废物，垃圾；浪费；vt. 浪费，滥用industrial waste 工业废料；waste time 浪费时间可作名词或动词，表“废物”或“浪费”We should reduce the amount of waste we produce. 我们应该减少产生的垃圾量。plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ n. 塑料；adj. 塑料制的，塑料的plastic bags 塑料袋；plastic bottles 塑料瓶可作名词或形容词，表“塑料”或“塑料的”We should use fewer plastic products. 我们应该少用塑料制品。awful /ˈɔːfl/ adj. 很坏的，极讨厌的；骇人听闻的，可怕的an awful accident 可怕的事故；feel awful 感觉很糟糕语气比 bad 强，表“糟糕的、可怕的”The weather was awful yesterday. 昨天天气很糟糕。landfill /ˈlændfɪl/ n. 垃圾填埋地a municipal landfill 城市垃圾填埋场；send waste to landfill 把垃圾送到填埋场指用于掩埋垃圾的场地Most of our waste goes to landfill. 我们的大部分垃圾都被送到了垃圾填埋场。unnecessary /ʌnˈnesəsəri/ adj. 不需要的，不必要的unnecessary expenses 不必要的开支；avoid unnecessary risks 避免不必要的风险由 un- + necessary 构成，反义词为 necessaryWe should cut down on unnecessary spending. 我们应该削减不必要的开支。metal /ˈmetl/ n. 金属a piece of metal 一块金属；recycle metal 回收金属指铁、铜、金等具有光泽和延展性的物质This ring is made of gold, a precious metal. 这枚戒指是由黄金——一种贵重金属制成的。cloth /klɒθ/ n. 布料；（一块）布a piece of cloth 一块布；a cleaning cloth 一块抹布指用于制作衣物或其他物品的织物She wiped the table with a damp cloth. 她用一块湿布擦了桌子。business /ˈbɪznəs/ n. 企业，公司；商业，买卖run a business 经营企业；do business with sb. 和某人做生意可指“公司”或“商业活动”，动词形式为 busyHe started his own business last year. 他去年创办了自己的公司。fine /faɪn/ n. 罚金，罚款；adj. 健康的；美好的的pay a fine 支付罚款；feel fine 感觉很好可作名词“罚款”或形容词“健康的、美好的”He was fined $100 for speeding. 他因超速被罚款100美元。turn off 关掉，截断turn off the light 关灯；turn off the TV 关电视表示“关闭电器、水龙头等”，反义词为 turn onPlease turn off the lights when you leave. 离开时请关灯。law /lɔː/ n. 法律，法规；法学break the law 违法；study law 学习法律指由国家制定并强制执行的规则Everyone must obey the law. 每个人都必须遵守法律。limit /ˈlɪmɪt/ n. 限制；限量；vt. 限制，限定a speed limit 限速；limit one's intake 限制摄入量可作名词或动词，表“限制”或“限量”We need to limit our use of natural resources. 我们需要限制对自然资源的使用。reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt. 减少，缩小reduce waste 减少浪费；reduce speed 减速由 re- + duce 构成，表“使变小、减少”We should reduce our carbon emissions. 我们应该减少碳排放。production /prəˈdʌkʃn/ n. 生产，制造mass production 大规模生产；the production of cars 汽车生产动词形式为 produce，表“生产、制造”The production of this model has been stopped. 这种型号的生产已经停止了。electricity /ɪlekˈtrɪsəti/ n. 电；电能generate electricity 发电；save electricity 节约用电指一种能量形式，用于照明、驱动机器等The electricity was cut off during the storm. 暴风雨期间停电了。heating /ˈhiːtɪŋ/ n. 暖气设备，供暖central heating 中央供暖；turn on the heating 打开暖气指为建筑物提供热量的系统或设备The heating is not working in this room. 这个房间的暖气坏了。air conditioning 空气调节系统air conditioning unit 空调机组；turn on the air conditioning 打开空调指调节室内温度、湿度和空气质量的系统It's very hot today—let's turn on the air conditioning. 今天很热，我们把空调打开吧。bulb /bʌlb/ n. 电灯泡a light bulb 灯泡；an LED bulb LED灯泡指电灯的发光部分The bulb in the lamp has burned out. 灯里的灯泡烧坏了。LED 发光二极管LED lights LED灯；an LED screen LED屏幕一种高效节能的光源，全称为 Light Emitting DiodeWe replaced our old light bulbs with LED ones. 我们把旧灯泡换成了LED灯。bill /bɪl/ n. 账单pay the bill 付账；an electricity bill 电费单指需要支付的款项清单The bill for this month's electricity is very high. 这个月的电费单很高。from now on 从现在起From now on, I will exercise every day. 从现在起，我每天都要锻炼。表示从当前时间点开始的未来From now on, we will start our meeting on time. 从现在起，我们将准时开会。fill /fɪl/ vt. & vi.（使）充满，装满fill a cup with water 把杯子装满水；fill in a form 填写表格可表“充满”或“填写”，名词形式为 fillingPlease fill the bottle with water. 请把瓶子装满水。fill up 装满；充满fill up the car with petrol 给汽车加满油；fill up with joy 充满喜悦表示“使完全充满”The room filled up with people. 房间里挤满了人。sensible /ˈsensəbl/ adj. 明智的，理智的，合理的，切合实际的a sensible decision 明智的决定；sensible advice 合理的建议由 sense + -ible 构成，表“合理的、明智的”It's sensible to wear a helmet when you ride a bike. 骑自行车时戴头盔是明智的。take action 采取行动take action to protect the environment 采取行动保护环境；take immediate action 立即采取行动表示“为解决问题而采取措施”We must take action to stop climate change. 我们必须采取行动阻止气候变化。right now 立即；此刻I need to leave right now. 我需要马上离开。表示“立刻、马上”或“此时此刻”I'm busy right now—can I call you back later? 我现在很忙，能稍后给你回电话吗？bath /bɑːθ/ n. 洗澡；浴缸take a bath 洗澡；a bubble bath 泡泡浴可指“洗澡”的行为或“浴缸”这个物品I like to take a hot bath after a long day. 漫长的一天后，我喜欢洗个热水澡。car wash 洗车处，洗车场go to the car wash 去洗车场；a self-service car wash 自助洗车场指清洗汽车的场所或服务I took my car to the car wash yesterday. 我昨天把车开到洗车场去洗了。basin /ˈbeɪsn/ n. 盆a washing basin 洗脸盆；a basin of water 一盆水指用于盛水或其他液体的宽口容器She filled the basin with warm water. 她把盆里装满了温水。tap /tæp/ n. 水龙头，旋塞turn on the tap 打开水龙头；a hot water tap 热水龙头指控制水流的装置The tap is dripping—can you fix it? 水龙头在滴水，你能修好吗？brush /brʌʃ/ vt. 刷净；n. 刷子，画笔brush one's teeth 刷牙；a paint brush 画笔可作动词“刷”或名词“刷子、画笔”She brushed her hair before going out. 她出门前梳了头发。rainwater /ˈreɪnwɔːtə/ n. 雨水collect rainwater 收集雨水；rainwater harvesting 雨水收集指从天空落下的水We use rainwater to water our plants. 我们用雨水浇花。amount /əˈmaʊnt/ n. 数量，数额；金额a large amount of money 一大笔钱；the amount of time 时间量通常与不可数名词连用，表“数量”The amount of sugar in this drink is too high. 这种饮料里的糖含量太高了。on the other hand 另一方面On the one hand... on the other hand... 一方面……另一方面……用于引出相反或不同的观点On the one hand, I want to go on holiday. On the other hand, I can't afford it. 一方面，我想去度假。另一方面，我负担不起。worse /wɜːs/ adj. 更差的，更坏的；更严重的even worse 更糟的是；get worse 变得更糟bad 和 badly 的比较级，反义词为 betterThe weather is worse today than yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天更糟。size /saɪz/ n. 大小；大规模the size of the room 房间的大小；a large size 大号可指物理尺寸或规模What size shoes do you wear? 你穿多大码的鞋？type /taɪp/ n. 类型，种类different types of flowers 不同种类的花；a new type of phone 一种新型手机指具有共同特征的事物类别What type of music do you like? 你喜欢什么类型的音乐？produce /prəˈdjuːs/ vt. 生产，制造produce cars 生产汽车；produce electricity 发电可表“生产”或“产生（效果）”，名词形式为 productThis factory produces 500 cars a day. 这家工厂每天生产500辆汽车。solution /səˈluːʃn/ n. 解决办法；答案find a solution 找到解决办法；a solution to the problem 问题的解决方案动词形式为 solve，表“解决”We need to find a solution to this problem. 我们需要找到这个问题的解决办法。can /kæn/ n. 金属罐a soda can 汽水罐；a can of beans 一罐豆子指圆柱形的金属容器，也可作情态动词I bought a can of cola from the shop. 我从商店买了一罐可乐。organise /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ vt. 组织，筹备organise a party 组织派对；organise a meeting 组织会议英式拼写，美式为 organize，名词形式为 organizationShe organised a surprise party for her friend. 她为朋友组织了一个惊喜派对。fair /feə/ n. 商品交易会，展销会a book fair 书展；a trade fair 贸易展览会指展示和销售商品的大型活动I bought some new books at the fair. 我在书展上买了一些新书。panel /ˈpænl/ n. 方格板块a solar panel 太阳能板；a control panel 控制面板指平坦的板块，常用于建筑或设备上The roof is covered with solar panels. 屋顶上覆盖着太阳能板。afterwards /ˈɑːftəwədz/ adv. 以后，后来shortly afterwards 不久之后；We'll discuss it afterwards. 我们稍后再讨论。表示在某个事件或时间之后的时间We had dinner, and afterwards, we watched a movie. 我们吃了晚饭，然后看了一场电影。maybe /ˈmeɪbi/ adv. 大概，或许Maybe it will rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨。表示不确定的推测，语气比 perhaps 更口语化Maybe we should go to the park this weekend. 也许我们这个周末应该去公园。therefore /ˈðeəfɔː/ adv. 因此，所以He is ill; therefore, he cannot come. 他生病了，所以不能来。用于引出结果或结论，语气比 so 更正式It is raining heavily; therefore, the match has been cancelled. 雨下得很大，因此比赛取消了。