现在完成时（寒假复习讲义+练习）八年级英语新外研版

这是一份现在完成时（寒假复习讲义+练习）八年级英语新外研版，共12页。试卷主要包含了现在完成时的两种核心用法，现在完成时的句子结构，情景对话补全等内容，欢迎下载使用。
用法1：表示“已完成”或“已发生”
核心概念： 强调过去发生的某个动作已经完成，并且这个完成的动作对现在产生了影响或结果。
典型例句分析：
I have already finished my hmewrk.（“完成作业”这个动作发生在过去，但强调的是现在的状态：我现在有空了/我可以做其他事了。）
She has just left the ffice.（“离开”发生在不久前的过去，但强调的是现在的结果：她现在不在这里了/你找不到她了。）
He has lst his keys.（“丢钥匙”发生在过去某个时间，但强调的是现在的状况：他现在没有钥匙/他现在进不了门。）
用法2：表示“未完成”或“持续”
核心概念： 表示从过去某个时间点开始的动作或状态，一直持续到现在，并且可能继续下去。
典型例句分析：
We have lived in Beijing fr ten years.（从十年前开始居住，一直住到现在，并且可能继续住下去。）
I have knwn Li Ming since we were children.（从孩童时期开始认识，认识的状态一直持续到现在。）
It has rained fr three hurs.（下雨从三小时前开始，一直下到现在。）
二、现在完成时的句子结构
肯定句： 主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 (p.p.)
I/We/Yu/They have finished the prject.
He/She/It has finished the prject.
否定句： 主语 + have/has + nt + 过去分词
We have nt (haven‘t) visited the museum yet.
She has nt (hasn’t) received the email.
一般疑问句： Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？
Have yu eaten breakfast?
Has Tm arrived yet?
特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词？
Where have yu been?
Hw lng has she lived here?
时间状语
1：表示“不确定的过去时间”
already（已经）：用于肯定句，表示惊讶或强调
位置： 通常放在have/has之后，过去分词之前
They have already gne hme.
yet（还，已经）：用于否定句和疑问句
否定句： 表示“还没有”，放在句末
I haven‘t finished yet.
疑问句： 表示“已经……了吗？”，放在句末
Have yu dne yur hmewrk yet?
just（刚刚）：表示动作刚刚完成
He has just called yu.
ever（曾经）：用于疑问句，询问经历
Have yu ever been t Shanghai?
never（从未）：用于否定句，比nt更强
I have never seen such a beautiful sunset.
befre（以前）：表示“在此之前”
I have seen this mvie befre.
2：表示“从过去延续到现在的时间段”
fr + 时间段：表示动作持续了多长时间
fr tw hurs, fr three days, fr a lng time
since + 时间点：表示动作从某个时间点开始
since 1999, since last Mnday, since I was a child
since从句： since we met, since he left
四、延续性动词 vs. 非延续性动词（瞬间动词）
重要规则： 非延续性动词（如buy, die, jin, leave）不能与fr/since等表示一段时间的状语连用。
错误： I have bught this bk fr a week. (×)
正确表达方式：
改用延续性动词：I have had this bk fr a week.
改用一般过去时：I bught this bk a week ag.
用It is... since...结构：It is a week since I bught this bk.
常见非延续性动词转化：
buy → have
die → be dead
jin → be in/be a member f
leave → be away (frm)
brrw → keep
cme → be here
begin/start → be n
五、现在完成时与一般过去时的核心区别
简单判断方法：
如果句子中有明确的过去时间点（yesterday, last night, in 2010等），一定用一般过去时
如果强调对现在的影响或结果，或者动作持续到现在，用现在完成时
回答“Hw lng”的问题，用现在完成时；回答“When”的问题，用一般过去时
基础练习:
一、判断下列句子强调的重点，选择A（已完成/对现在的影响）或B（未完成/持续状态）：
1.My father has wrked in this cmpany fr 20 years. ( )
2.I’ve already had dinner, s I’m nt hungry. ( )
3.Have yu ever ridden a hrse? ( )
4.She has been a teacher since she graduated. ( )
5.Oh n! I‘ve frgtten t bring my wallet! ( )
二、用现在完成时或一般过去时填空：
1.I __________ (meet) him tw days ag.
2.__________ yu __________ (read) this bk yet?
3.She __________ (live) in Shanghai since 2018.
4.What __________ yu __________ (d) last weekend?
5.We __________ (nt see) each ther fr a lng time.
6.My brther __________ (just/finish) his hmewrk.
7.__________ they __________ (visit) the Great Wall when they were in Beijing?
8.Hw lng __________ yu __________ (knw) yur best friend?
9.I __________ (buy) a new bike yesterday.
10.He __________ (be) t England three times.
三、为下列句子选择合适的完成时时间状语：
(fr 3 years, already, yet, ever, since 2020, just, never, s far)
1.I have ________ tried Japanese fd. I really want t try it smeday.
2.Have yu finished the reprt ________? The bss needs it sn.
3.They have been married ________. They gt married in 2021.
4.Dn’t wrry abut the dishes. I‘ve ________ washed them.
5.She has lived in this neighbrhd ________. She mved here three years ag.
6.________, we have cllected 500 bks fr the children in the village.
7.Have yu ________ seen a panda in real life?
8.I’ve ________ tld yu the answer three times!
四、句子转换练习
1.He jined the basketball team tw years ag. (改为现在完成时)
→ He __________ __________ a member f the basketball team __________ tw years.
2.The mvie began 30 minutes ag. (改为现在完成时)
→ The mvie __________ __________ __________ fr 30 minutes.
3.She has already read tday‘s newspaper. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
→ __________ she read tday’s newspaper __________?
→ N, __________ __________.
4.They bught their huse in 2010. (用since改写句子)
→ They __________ __________ their huse __________ 2010.
5.I last saw Tm three days ag. (用fr改写句子)
→ I __________ __________ __________ Tm __________ three days.
6.She started t learn English when she was five. (保持句意不变)
→ She __________ __________ English __________ she was five.
五、找出每句中的一处错误并改正：
1.I have received his letter fr a week.
→ ________________________________
2.She has gne t Beijing twice.
→ ________________________________
3.Have yu ever gne t the new museum?
→ ________________________________
4.They have left Shanghai since last mnth.
→ ________________________________
5.Hw lng have yu bught this cmputer?
→ ________________________________
六、情景对话补全：用现在完成时补全对话：
Tm: Hi, Lucy! I haven‘t seen yu fr ages! (1) _________________________ (yu/be) recently?
Lucy: I’ve been quite busy. I (2) _________________________ (just/finish) a big prject.
Tm: That‘s great! (3) _________________________ (yu/decide) what t d next?
Lucy: Nt yet. But I (4) _________________________ (already/apply) fr tw new jbs.
Tm: Gd luck! By the way, (5) _________________________ (yu/hear) frm Mike recently?
Lucy: Yes, he (6) _________________________ (just/send) me an email. He’s ding well in Canada.
七、用括号中动词的现在完成时形式填空：
Dear Diary,
What a busy week! I (1) __________ (nt have) much free time at all. On Mnday, I (2) __________ (start) my new vlunteer jb at the library. S far, I (3) __________ (help) rganize ver 200 bks! My friend Lisa (4) __________ (wrk) there fr six mnths, and she (5) __________ (teach) me a lt.
Yesterday smething exciting happened. I (6) __________ (just/win) a writing cmpetitin! I (7) __________ (enter) it three times befre, but this is my first win. My parents (8) __________ (prmise) t take me t my favrite restaurant t celebrate.
The nly bad news is that I (9) __________ (lse) my favrite pen. I (10) __________ (lk) fr it everywhere, but I can’t find it. I hpe it turns up sn!
参考答案（请独立完成后核对）
一、 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.A
二、1.met 2.Have, read 3.has lived 4.did, d 5.haven‘t seen 6.has just finished 7.Did, visit 8.have, knwn 9.bught 10.has been
三、1.never 2.yet 3.since 2021 4.already 5.fr 3 years 6.S far 7.ever 8.already
四：1.has been, fr
2.has been n
3.Has, yet; she hasn’t
4.have wned/have had, since
5.haven‘t seen, fr
6.has learned/since
五、
1.I received his letter a week ag. / It has been a week since I received his letter.
2.She has been t Beijing twice.
3.Have yu ever been t the new museum?
4.They left Shanghai last mnth. / They have been away frm Shanghai since last mnth.
5.Hw lng have yu had this cmputer? / When did yu buy this cmputer?
六、
1.Where have yu been
2.have just finished
3.Have yu decided
4.have already applied
5.have yu heard
6.has just sent
七、
1.haven’t had
2.started
3.have helped
4.has wrked
5.has taught
6.have just wn
7.have entered
8.have prmised
9.have lst
10.have lked
对比维度
现在完成时
一般过去时
时间
过去与现在的联系
过去的特定时间
时间状语
fr, since, already, yet, ever, never, just, s far
yesterday, last week, in 1999, tw days ag, when I was yung
是否持续
可能持续到现在
已完全结束
例句对比
I have lived here fr 5 years. (现在还住这里)
I lived here fr 5 years. (现在不住这里了)
例句对比
She has lst her phne. (现在还没找到)
She lst her phne yesterday. (只陈述过去事实)