高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解议论文（教师版)

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解议论文（教师版)，共48页。学案主要包含了2024全国甲卷，12题详解，13题详解，14题详解，15题详解，2024新课标Ⅰ卷，28题详解，29题详解等内容，欢迎下载使用。
历年考情
高考英语阅读理解议论文，通常围绕某一观点、现象或问题展开论述，作者通过摆事实、讲道理，运用逻辑推理来阐明自身看法，说服读者接受其观点。文章往往结构清晰，包含论点、论据与论证过程，选材涉及社会热点、教育理念、科技发展争议、文化现象剖析等诸多领域，旨在考查学生对复杂文本的理解、分析及批判性思维能力。
命题规律
议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。
考向预测
预测2025年高考阅读理解议论文可能会出现且会继续考查考生快速而准确地获取和理解文中具体细节信息的能力， 对文章信息的判断能力以及对文章的整体感知能力。
【2024全国甲卷】“I didn’t like the ending,” I said t my favrite cllege prfessr. It was my junir year f undergraduate, and I was ding an independent study n Victrian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill n the Flss by Gerge Elit, and I was heartbrken with the ending. Prf. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me t think abut it beynd whether I liked it r nt. He suggested I think abut the difference between endings that I wanted fr the characters and endings that were right fr the characters, endings that satisfied the stry even if they didn’t have a traditinally psitive utcme. Of curse, I wuld have preferred a different ending fr Tm and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they gt did make the mst sense fr them.
This was an aha mment fr me, and I never thught abut endings the same way again. Frm then n, if I wanted t read an ending guaranteed t be happy, I’d pick up a lve rmance. If I wanted an ending I culdn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind f knew what was ging t happen, histrical fictin. Chsing what t read became easier.
But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard fr writers because endings carry s much weight with readers. Yu have t balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but desn’t seem t cme frm nwhere, ne that fits what’s right fr the characters.
That’s why this issue (期) f Writer’s Digest aims t help yu figure ut hw t write the best ending fr whatever kind f writing yu’re ding. If it’s shrt stries, Peter Muntfrd breaks dwn six techniques yu can try t see which ne helps yu stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters f five great nvels t see what key pints they include and hw yu can adapt them fr yur wrk.
This issue wn’t tell yu what yur ending shuld be—that’s up t yu and the stry yu’re telling—bu it might prvide what yu need t get there.
12. Why did the authr g t Prf. Gracie?
A. T discuss a nvel.B. T submit a bk reprt.
C. T argue fr a writer.D. T ask fr a reading list.
13. What did the authr realize after seeing Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter f persnal preferences.
B. Readers are ften carried away by character.
C. Each type f literature has its unique end.
D. A stry which begins well will end well.
14. What is expected f a gd ending?
A It satisfies readers’ taste.B. It fits with the stry develpment.
C. It is usually psitive.D. It is pen fr imaginatin.
15. Why des the authr mentin Peter Muntfrd and Elizabeth Sims?
A. T give examples f great nvelists.B. T stress the theme f this issue.
C. T encurage writing fr the magazine.D. T recmmend their new bks.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer’s Digest》杂志如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said t my favrite cllege prfessr. It was my junir year f undergraduate, and I was ding an independent study n Victrian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill n the Flss by Gerge Elit, and I was heartbrken with the ending. Prf. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me t think abut it beynd whether I liked it r nt.( “我不喜欢这个结局，”我对我最喜欢的大学教授说。那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“This was an aha mment fr me, and I never thught abut endings the same way again. Frm then n, if I wanted t read an ending guaranteed t be happy, I’d pick up a lve rmance. If I wanted an ending I culdn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind f knew what was ging t happen, histrical fictin. Chsing what t read became easier.( 这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到的结局，我会选一本神秘小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了)”可知，见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard fr writers because endings carry s much weight with readers. Yu have t balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but desn’t seem t cme frm nwhere, ne that fits what’s right fr the characters.(但是写出结局——那很难。对作家来说很难，因为结局对读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定)”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是符合故事的发展。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why this issue (期) f Writer’s Digest aims t help yu figure ut hw t write the best ending fr whatever kind f writing yu’re ding. If it’s shrt stries, Peter Muntfrd breaks dwn six techniques yu can try t see which ne helps yu stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters f five great nvels t see what key pints they include and hw yu can adapt them fr yur wrk.( 这就是为什么这期《Writer’s Digest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。如果是短篇小说，彼得·蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。伊丽莎白·西姆斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到你的作品中)”可知，作者提到彼得·蒙福德和伊丽莎白·西姆斯是为了强调这期《Writer’s Digest》的主题，即帮助读者写出更好的结尾。故选B项。
When mst parents f yung children tday were grwing up, scial media was nt as hugely cmmn as it is tday if it existed at all. A lt f us even remember the days f being pen pals, sending paper letters with actual stamps. The fact remains that in the infrmatin age, these platfrms are a huge part f daily life fr everyne. Hwever, the questin is, hw yung is t yung fr scial media?
While mst scial media platfrms require that members are f a certain age, that desn’t always mean that the child is really ready fr what the wrld f scial media has t ffer. Fr example, Snapchat requires that users be at least 13 years ld, but are 13-year-lds ready fr Snapchat?
A lt f research has been dne t try t understand when the right time is fr scial media. It can be cmpared t the debate f when t allw a child t have their first cell phne. The tw are actually clsely cnnected with each ther.
A recent study published in Cmputers in Human Behavir shws that fr the 750 middle schlers in the Nrtheastern US, a majrity f them wh jined scial media under the age f 10 had many prblems. It shwed that students spent extended amunts f time visiting websites that were nt apprved fr them t visit.
Similar t Snapchat, ther scial media giants require users t be at least 13 years ld t jin, but it is pretty bvius t fake this infrmatin. The study’s lead authr Linda Charmaraman shared, “Scial media sites all require a minimum age f 13 t register, but the reality is that many users are yunger than that: One-third f ur sample had already started using scial media at age 11 r 12 and anther ne-third had begun at age 10 r yunger.”
Dr. Charmaraman cntinued, “This study helps us understand the risks and benefits fr kids, s that parents and plicymakers can make decisins that priritize their well-being. These findings suggest that the industry-based minimum age f 13 fr scial media users may ptentially be a gd standard, if it can be enfrced.”
33．What d we knw abut mst parents tday when they were yung?
A．They cmmunicated by writing letters.
B．They were t yung t use scial media.
C．They were addicted t surfing the Internet.
D．They used t send emails t their pen friends.
34．What des Linda Charmaraman’s study shw?
A．Scial media giants are reliable enugh fr the yung.
B．Kids use scial media withut their parents’ mnitring.
C．Scial media may nt practice 13 as minimum registering age.
D．Many scial media users ften visit websites nt apprved fr them.
35．What des the underlined wrd “it” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．A gd standard.B．The minimum age f 13．
C．Dr. Charmaraman’s study.D．Kids’ well-being.
36．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Why Shuldn’t Yung Children Use Scial Media?
B．Shuld Yung Children Be Allwed n Scial Media?
C．Hw Shuld Yung Children Be Guided n Scial Media?
D．What Is the Right Age t Allw a Child t Be n Scial Media?
【答案】33．A 34．C 35．B 36．D
【来源】2025届山东省齐鲁名校大联考高三第五次学业水平联合检测英语试题
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论的是当前社交媒体对儿童开放的年龄标准及其对孩子的影响，探讨合适的孩子接触社交媒体的年龄。
33．推理判断题。根据第一段“When mst parents f yung children tday were grwing up, scial media was nt as hugely cmmn as it is tday if it existed at all. A lt f us even remember the days f being pen pals, sending paper letters with actual stamps.(当今天大多数孩子的父母成长的时候，社交媒体如果存在的话，也不像今天这么普遍。我们中的许多人甚至还记得作为笔友的日子，寄有真正邮票的纸质信件。)”可知，今天大多数父母年轻时通过写信交流。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段“A recent study published in Cmputers in Human Behavir shws that fr the 750 middle schlers in the Nrtheastern US, a majrity f them wh jined scial media under the age f 10 had many prblems.(最近发表在《计算机与人类行为》杂志上的一项研究表明，在美国东北部的750名中学生中，大多数在10岁以下加入社交媒体的人都有很多问题。)”及第五段“Scial media sites all require a minimum age f 13 t register, but the reality is that many users are yunger than that: One-third f ur sample had already started using scial media at age 11 r 12 and anther ne-third had begun at age 10 r yunger.(社交媒体网站都要求注册的最低年龄为13岁，但现实情况是，许多用户都低于这个年龄：我们的样本中有三分之一的人在11岁或12岁时已经开始使用社交媒体，另有三分之一的人在10岁或更小的时候开始使用社交媒体。)”可知，Linda Charmaraman的研究表明了社交媒体不得将13岁作为最低注册年龄。故选C。
35．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“These findings suggest that the industry-based minimum age f 13 fr scial media users may ptentially be a gd standard(这些发现表明，基于行业的社交媒体用户最低年龄为13岁可能是一个很好的标准)”和“can be enfrced(可以被执行)”可知，“it”指代的是上文提及的“the industry-based minimum age f 13”。故选B。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Hwever, the questin is, hw yung is t yung fr scial media?(然而，问题是，对于社交媒体来说，多小的年龄才算太小？)”和最后一段“These findings suggest that the industry-based minimum age f 13 fr scial media users may ptentially be a gd standard, if it can be enfrced.(这些发现表明，如果能够强制执行，基于行业的社交媒体用户最低年龄为13岁可能是一个很好的标准。)”可知，本文主要讨论的是关于儿童使用社交媒体的适宜年龄问题，因此最好的题目是D选项“What Is the Right Age t Allw a Child t Be n Scial Media?(允许孩子使用社交媒体的合适年龄是多少？)”。故选D。

Passage（1）
【2025届贵州新高考高端精品模拟信息卷】The landline (座机) was an impressive presence in the huse where I grew up. On the rare and alarming ccasins when it rang, there was an inflexible plite sentence fr answering: “Sittingburne 981, wh is speaking, please?”
The phne bth was and wasn`t an instrument f cmmunicatin. The ccasins fr its use were clearly defined — and randm chatting wasn’t ne f them. Its situatin in the frnt hail, frm where every wrd culd be heard thrughut the huse, was an effective slutin t the endless cnversatins that are (r were) the favurite ccupatin f teenagers.
Later mbile phnes appeared. Nw nly 47 per cent f husehlds have a hme phne. Times are changing, and the message frm the advcates f digital technlgy is that we shuld change with them. In many ways this is a reasnable prpsitin. My smartphne can tell me hw t get frm ne place t anther, answer questins abut unknwn 19th-century artists r medical symptms.
Hwever, when it cmes t that mst basic functin f a telephne — talking t peple — my smartphne is rubbish. On mving int my new huse, in a village 50 miles frm the capital, I was unsurprised t discver almst n phne signal. In the ten days that it tk fr bradband (宽带) t be cnnected, I fund myself in the bush — the nly place where there was a bar f signal, trying t talk abut an urgency with a dctr. It was at nce blackly cmic and severely frustrating. I began t understand why my sn swerve (急转) phne calls in favur f messaging, scials and vice ntes.
Yet lng befre the appearance f telecmmunicatins, printing, r even writing, speech was the mst fundamental f human interactins. Talking n the phne r in persn is hard wrk, because it demands an ability t listen. Hwever, it almst certainly matters a lt. Nw phne calls are dying. The art f cnversatin may nt be far behind. Smartphnes are updating very quickly.
1．Why was the authr’s landline imprper fr randm chatting?
A．It was usually ccupied by teenagers.
B．It was mnitred by the grwn-ups at hme.
C．It culdn’t guarantee the privacy f the cnversatin.
D．It was nly allwed t be used in alarming ccasins.
2．What des the underlined wrd “prpsitin” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Suggestin.B．Plan.C．Explanatin.D．Slutin.
3．What makes the authr’s smartphne rubbish?
A．Occasinal breakdwns.B．Frequent pr signals.
C．Wrng cnnected bradband.D．Incmplete functinal system.
4．Which statement might the authr agree with?
A．The landline n lnger has its advantages.
B．The art f cnversatin is nwhere t be fund.
C．The yuth realize the imprtance f the landline.
D．The ability t have a phne cnversatin cunts.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述智能手机的进步，及人们使用语音留言、短信、社交媒体等其他的沟通方式，但是通过电话沟通的能力是非常重要的，作者担心谈话艺术会因此消失。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Its situatin in the frnt hall, frm where every wrd culd be heard thrughut the huse, was an effective slutin t the endless cnversatins that are (r were) the favurite ccupatin f teenagers. (它在前厅的位置，从那里可以听到整个房子里的每一个字，这是一个有效的解决方案，可以解决青少年（或曾经）最喜欢的无休止的谈话。)” 可知，作者家中的电话座机是在客厅，通话会被整个房子里面的人听到。因此，作者认为用家里的座机随意聊天不能保证谈话内容的隐私性。故选C。
2．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Times are changing, and the message frm the advcates f digital technlgy is that we shuld change with them. (时代在变化，数字技术的倡导者们传递的信息是，我们应该随着时代的变化而改变。)”可知，数字技术的倡导者们传递的信息是，我们应该随着时代的变化而改变，这是一种提议、建议。由此推断prpsitin的含义是“提议，建议”。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Hwever, when it cmes t that mst basic functin f a telephne— talking t peple— my smartphne is rubbish. On mving int my new huse, in a village 50 miles frm the capital, I was unsurprised t discver almst n phne signal. (然而，说到电话最基本的功能——与人交谈——我的智能手机简直就是垃圾。我的新家位于距离首都50英里的一个村子里。搬进新家后，我毫不惊讶地发现几乎没有手机信号。)”可知，作者的手机没有信号，使得他的智能手机沦为垃圾。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据最有一段“Talking n the phne r in persn is hard wrk, because it demands an ability t listen. Hwever, it almst certainly matters a lt. (打电话或面对面交谈是一项艰苦的工作，因为它需要倾听的能力。然而，这几乎肯定很重要。)”可知，作者认为能够通过电话沟通的能力是非常重要的。故选D。
Passage（2）
【重庆市拔尖强基联盟2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考】Media literacy (素养) is finally getting sme late-arriving attentin. Whether it’s the increasing awareness f plitical disinfrmatin r the threat f AI, discussins abut media literacy are n the rise. The adptin f media literacy in the classrm, hwever, stagnates.
The driving frce fr prviding kids with media literacy skills ften gets lst in the mral panic ver technlgy and kids. Fear has verrun reasn, and peple can’t decide whether t blame scial media, mbile devices, tech cmpanies, r the Internet. They are cncerned with claims that technlgy and scial media are the causes f teenage mental health issues despite the weak assciatins. In respnse, t many slutins are “strich plicies (鸵鸟政策)” that want t ban devices and shut dwn scial media but dn’t address mre fundamental issues.
Plicies that set age limits n scial media access and restrict devices during schl t minimize disturbance can be helpful but are incmplete slutins. Scial media didn’t invent bullies (霸凌) r the enrmus effect f peer pressure. Scial media platfrms may be a new battlegrund, but they are nt the surce. Unfrtunately, many current plicies ignre the need t teach kids hw t manage these challenges. There is frighteningly little attentin paid t preparing kids t make gd decisins when they will, unavidably, get nline.
On the bright side, the rapid develpment f AI and increasing attentin t the amunt f misinfrmatin nline have helped nrmalize the acceptance f media literacy as a cre skill. While suggestins t limit inapprpriate device use, increase face-t-face scializatin, and engage in utdr play are beneficial, they d nt build the cre skills that will keep kids safe ffline and are fundamental t well-being and life success: gd citizenship, self-awareness and self-cntrl. Thse things take teaching, whether yu are nline r utside.
Media literacy is an essential life skill that, nce learned, can be applied t any cntent. While waiting fr public educatin t catch up, parents and educatrs can build media literacy skills at hme with numerus resurces, ranging frm family technlgy cntracts and discussin guides t easy activities that can be dne at hme with kids.
5．What des the underlined wrd “stagnates” in the first paragraph prbably mean?
A．Advances significantly.B．Cllapses abruptly.
C．Underperfrms substantially.D．Initiates fficially.
6．What factrs cntribute t peple’s mral panic ver technlgy and kids?
A．Widespread use f technlgy and scial media.
B．Inability t prvide kids with media literacy skills effectively.
C．Cncern abut the lack f parental cntrl ver tech devices.
D．Fear f the impact f technlgy n teenage mental health.
7．What des paragraph 3 f the text fcus n?
A．The imprtance f banning scial media.B．The shrtcmings f existing plicies.
C．The limitatins f scial media platfrms.D．The necessity f managing nline challenges.
8．Which f the fllwing belngs t media literacy?
A．Minimizing scial media usage.B．Evaluating media cntent critically.
C．Increasing in-persn interactins.D．Recgnizing the risks f scial media.
【答案】5．C 6．D 7．B 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕媒体素养这一主题展开，讨论了媒体素养的重要性、当前教育体系中媒体素养教育的缺失、以及对于如何提升媒体素养的不同观点和解决方案。
5．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Media literacy (素养) is finally getting sme late-arriving attentin. Whether it’s the increasing awareness f plitical disinfrmatin r the threat f AI, discussins abut media literacy are n the rise. The adptin f media literacy in the classrm, hwever, stagnates.(媒介素养终于在姗姗来迟后得到了一些关注。无论是人们对政治虚假信息的日益关注，还是人工智能带来的威胁，有关媒介素养的讨论越来越多。然而，在课堂上对媒介素养的推广却stagnates)”可知，媒介素养终于得到了一些关注，关于媒介素养的讨论也在增加，然而（hwever），课堂上对媒介素养的推广却呈现出与前文不同的情况。前文是积极的发展态势，所以划线部分应该指的是发展不好。选项C“Underperfrms substantially(表现不佳；进展不力)”符合课堂上对媒介素养推广情况不好的语境。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The driving frce fr prviding kids with media literacy skills ften gets lst in the mral panic ver technlgy and kids. Fear has verrun reasn, and peple can’t decide whether t blame scial media, mbile devices, tech cmpanies, r the Internet. They are cncerned with claims that technlgy and scial media are the causes f teenage mental health issues despite the weak assciatins.(为孩子们提供媒介素养技能的驱动力，常常在对科技和孩子的道德恐慌中消失殆尽。恐惧战胜了理智，人们无法确定到底该指责社交媒体、移动设备、科技公司还是互联网。尽管科技和社交媒体与青少年心理健康问题之间的关联并不紧密，但人们还是担心它们是导致这些问题的原因)”可知，人们对于科技和孩子存在道德恐慌，其原因是人们担心科技和社交媒体是导致青少年心理健康问题的原因，尽管这种联系并不紧密，但这种担忧使得恐惧战胜了理智。所以导致人们对科技和孩子产生道德恐慌的因素是对科技对青少年心理健康影响的恐惧。故选D。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Plicies that set age limits n scial media access and restrict devices during schl t minimize disturbance can be helpful but are incmplete slutins. Scial media didn’t invent bullies (霸凌) r the enrmus effect f peer pressure. Scial media platfrms may be a new battlegrund, but they are nt the surce. Unfrtunately, many current plicies ignre the need t teach kids hw t manage these challenges. There is frighteningly little attentin paid t preparing kids t make gd decisins when they will, unavidably, get nline.(制定政策，对社交媒体的使用设定年龄限制，以及在学校限制使用设备以尽量减少干扰，这些措施可能会有帮助，但并不足以解决问题。社交媒体并没有创造出霸凌行为，也不是同辈压力产生巨大影响的根源。社交媒体平台或许是一个新的战场，但并非问题的源头。不幸的是，目前的许多政策都忽视了教孩子们如何应对这些挑战的必要性。令人担忧的是，人们很少关注如何让孩子们做好准备，以便在不可避免地上网时做出正确的决定)”可知，该段先提到设置社交媒体使用年龄限制和在学校限制设备使用等政策虽有帮助，但并非完整的解决方案，接着说明社交媒体不是霸凌和同辈压力的根源，然而目前很多政策忽视了教孩子应对这些挑战的需求，很少关注让孩子为上网做好做正确决策的准备。所以第三段主要聚焦于现有政策的不足之处。故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“While suggestins t limit inapprpriate device use, increase face-t-face scializatin, and engage in utdr play are beneficial, they d nt build the cre skills that will keep kids safe ffline and are fundamental t well-being and life success: gd citizenship, self-awareness and self-cntrl.(虽然限制不当使用设备、增加面对面社交以及参与户外活动的建议是有益的，但它们并不能培养出那些能让孩子们在现实生活中也保持安全的核心技能，而这些核心技能对于孩子们的幸福和人生成功至关重要，比如良好的公民素养、自我认知和自我控制能力)”可知，媒介素养是指人们面对各种媒介信息时，所具备的选择、理解、质疑、评估、创造和生产等能力，以及使用媒介信息为个人生活、社会发展所用的能力。选项B“Evaluating media cntent critically.(批判性地评估媒体内容)”体现了媒介素养中对媒介信息进行质疑、评估的能力，属于媒介素养的内容。故选B。
Passage（3）
【2025届广东省顺德区普通高中高三教学质量检测二】Nietzsche (尼采) was wrng: When yu gaze lng enugh int the abyss (深渊), the abyss des nt gaze back int yu. Instead, the csmic vid (黑洞) remains silent, relentless and frightening in its vastness.
When lking at the vast emptiness f the universe, there is a temptatin (诱惑) t lk at ur tiny wrld with nihilism. T feel that ur great achievements amunt t nthing. That ur histry fails t leave a mark. That ur cncerns and anxieties are pintless.
I’m a csmlgist, the kind f scientist wh studies the rigin, histry and evlutin f the universe. I have spent years wrking t understand what csmic vids teach us. And in the curse f my studies, I have learned t reject that temptatin.
It’s true that Earth is neither large nr lng-lived, but that is nly ne way f measuring significance. Cmpared with the csmic vids, there is smething special happening n ur planet. Earth is still the nly knwn place in the entire universe where cnscius beings raise their curius eyes t the sky and wnder. Earth is the nly knwn place where humans can exist. It is the nly knwn place where laughter, lve, anger and jy exist. The nly knwn place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful cmplexities that make us human aren’t meaningless. The experiences in ur lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse f mst f the universe
The same lessns that csmic vids teach us are fund in the vids we encunter in ur wn lives. The presence f vids guarantees the ppsite; they create cntrast; they are full f ptential. The pain we feel frm lss is the last reminder f the gift f a life deeply lved. The silence befre a perfrmance is full f electric expectatin. Our chice t ignre stressful news is necessary t allw us t fcus n what truly matters.
Artists have lng understd the pwer f the vid. The 12th-century pet Saigy nted that the pauses between raindrps were as imprtant as the drps themselves. The famed architect Rem celebrated the utility f negative spaces, prclaiming, “Where there is nthing, everything is pssible.”
The universe wn’t d anything fr us except give us the freedm t exist. It is ur jb t fill the universe with meaning and purpse.
9．What des the underlined wrd “nihilism” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Hpe.B．Admiratin.C．Meaninglessness.D．Purpse
10．Why des the authr reject the temptatin?
A．He is a csmlgist wh believes science.
B．Earth is the nly place fr human experiences.
C．Human experiences differ frm thse in vids.
D．Earth is special because it is small and shrt-lived
11．What is the authr ding in paragraph 5?
A．Explaining hw vids in life ffer meaning.
B．Stating that vids in life shuld be avided.
C．Criticizing the rle f vids in universe and life.
D．Arguing vids shuld be filed fr mre meaning.
12．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T clarify Nietzsche’s philsphy.
B．T explre the unique significance f vids.
C．T reprt a scientific study f csmic vids.
D．T criticize passive views n human achievements.
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．A 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过理性论证和感性表达，探讨人类存在的意义及其与宇宙的关系。
9．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“T feel that ur great achievements amunt t nthing. That ur histry fails t leave a mark. That ur cncerns and anxieties are pintless.(感到我们的伟大成就毫无价值。我们的历史没有留下痕迹。我们的担心和焦虑是毫无意义的)”可知，和浩瀚无垠的宇宙相比，我们这个渺小的世界是无意义的。由此推知，划线词nihilism应是“无意义”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“It’s true that Earth is neither large nr lng-lived, but that is nly ne way f measuring significance. Cmpared with the csmic vids, there is smething special happening n ur planet. Earth is still the nly knwn place in the entire universe where cnscius beings raise their curius eyes t the sky and wnder. Earth is the nly knwn place where humans can exist. It is the nly knwn place where laughter, lve, anger and jy exist. The nly knwn place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful cmplexities that make us human aren’t meaningless. The experiences in ur lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse f mst f the universe.(没错，地球既不大也不长，但这只是衡量意义的一种方式。与宇宙的空洞相比，我们的星球上发生了一些特别的事情。地球仍然是整个宇宙中唯一已知的地方，在那里有意识的人类抬起他们好奇的眼睛仰望天空并感到惊奇。地球是唯一已知的人类可以生存的地方。这是我们所知的唯一存在欢笑、爱、愤怒和喜悦的地方。这里是我们唯一能找到舞蹈、音乐和艺术的地方。我们的分歧和所有使我们成为人类的美丽的复杂性并非毫无意义。我们生命中的经历是特别的，因为它们永远不会发生在宇宙的大部分空间里)”可知，地球是人类唯一能体验的地方，所以作者拒绝这种诱惑。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据第五段“The same lessns that csmic vids teach us are fund in the vids we encunter in ur wn lives. The presence f vids guarantees the ppsite; they create cntrast; they are full f ptential. The pain we feel frm lss is the last reminder f the gift f a life deeply lved. The silence befre a perfrmance is full f electric expectatin. Our chice t ignre stressful news is necessary t allw us t fcus n what truly matters.(宇宙虚空教给我们的同样道理，也可以在我们自己生活中遇到的虚空中找到。空洞的存在保证了相反的结果；它们创造了对比；他们充满了潜力。我们因失去亲人而感到的痛苦，是对深爱生命的礼物的最后提醒。演出前的寂静中充满了令人兴奋的期待。我们选择忽略有压力的新闻是必要的，这样我们才能专注于真正重要的事情)”可推知，作者在本段解释生活中的空虚如何带来意义。故选A项。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nietzsche (尼采) was wrng: When yu gaze lng enugh int the abyss (深渊), the abyss des nt gaze back int yu. Instead, the csmic vid (黑洞) remains silent, relentless and frightening in its vastness.(尼采错了：当你凝视深渊的时间足够长时，深渊不会回望你。相反，宇宙的虚空在它的浩瀚中保持着沉默、无情和可怕)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讨论了尽管宇宙的虚空和广阔可能让人感到渺小和无意义，但地球上的生命和人类体验具有独特的意义。由此推知，本文目的是探讨虚空的独特意义。故选B项。
Passage（4）
【北京市中国人民大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期2月统练】In 1979, Archie Cchrane published an essay criticizing his fellw dctrs. “It is surely a great criticism f ur prfessin,” he wrte, “that we have nt rganized a critical summary, by specialty r subspecialty, adapted peridically, f all relevant randmized cntrlled trials. ” The idea f “rganizing a critical summary” may nt seem a grundbreaking cncept, yet Cchrane had struck at the heart f the matter.
The basic building blck f evidence in medicine is the randmized trial, as Cchrane understd. But sme trials are flawed, thers may have vanished frm the academic recrd, unpublished because they didn’t yield the hped-fr results. Even when trials are reprted, the mst rbust evidence cmes frm synthesizing them. Prper synthesis can turn incnclusive trials int a cnclusive result, yet t turn thse trials int a structured bdy f knwledge takes wrk.
In 1993, Sir Iain Chalmers funded Cchrane, a nn-prfit nw listing ver 9, 000 systematic reviews. But in fields like educatin r plicing, the picture is less rsy. Educatin is arguably f cmparable imprtance t health fr any gvernment. Yet, the UK gvernment spends 18 times as much n research int health than it des n research int educatin - r, t put it anther way, educatin research is underfunded by 10 percent.
If anything, that paints t ptimistic a picture f research int scial plicy, because ther cuntries spend even less. And, perhaps, educatin research is prbably the best f the rest when it cmes t research funding. The Campbell Cllabratin, which aims t d fr scial plicy what Cchrane des fr medicine, basts just 231 systematic reviews - reflecting that scial plicy research enjys a fractin f the mney and attentin lavished n medicine.
Mre than a lack f spending, there’s a reluctance t supprt the infrastructure f systematic reviews, r t fund their updates int “living evidence reviews”. Take the 3ie (Internatinal Initiative fr Impact Evaluatin), admired fr its Develpment Evidence Prtal, which struggles fr steady funding. The prtal culd run fr a year at less cst than a typical study evaluating its effectiveness, yet “public gds tend by their nature t be underfunded.”
On the bright side, mre than f50mn f funding fr evidence synthesis was recently annunced. This mdest funding culd significantly cntribute t building an “evidence bank” fr plicymakers.
Systematic reviews bridge the gap between researchers and plicymakers. Researchers fcus n specific interventins, while plicymakers address brader prblems. By synthesizing relevant research, systematic reviews can answer plicymaker questins. Furthermre, evidence synthesis highlights “ knwn unknwns” - gaps in research that can be filled thrugh targeted funding, rather than mre studies f familiar tpics.
As Eleanr Chelimsky, ne f the 20th century’s great plicy evaluatrs explained, “I hped that synthesis culd dramatize, fr ur legislative users, nt nly what was, in fact, knwn, but als what was nt knwn.”
Dramatizing ur ignrance is ne f the mst valuable things an evidence review can d.
13．What was Archie Cchrane’s majr cncern?
A．Organizing medical summaries was seen as unwrthy.
B．Dctrs failed t put medical trials int summaries.
C．The medical prfessin received widespread criticism.
D．Medical trials were t flawed t be published.
14．What be inferred frm the passage?
A．Educatin shuld be the tp pririty in research funding.
B．Scial plicy research funding has increased significantly.
C．Systematic reviews help make research funding mre fcused.
D．The 3ie prtal was underfunded due t pr effectiveness evaluatin.
15．What’s the authr’s attitude twards “synthesis dramatizing the unknwn”?
A．Trn between.B．Radically ppse.
C．Cautius ptimism.D．Enthusiastic apprval.
16．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the article?
A．The Dwnfall f Systematic Reviews: Why They’re Outdated
B．Rethinking Systematic Reviews: A Call fr Brader Applicatin
C．Uncvering the Untld Stry: The Imprtance f Evidence Synthesis
D．Frm Criticism t Cllabratin: The Evlutin f Evidence Synthesis
【答案】13．B 14．C 15．D 16．C
【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了系统化综述在医学和社会政策领域的重要性，以及当前在资金支持和基础设施建设方面存在的问题。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1979, Archie Cchrane published an essay criticizing his fellw dctrs. “It is surely a great criticism f ur prfessin,” he wrte, “that we have nt rganized a critical summary, by speciality r subspecialty, adapted peridically, f all relevant randmized cntrlled trials. ” The idea f “rganizing a critical summary” may nt seem a grundbreaking cncept, yet Cchrane had struck at the heart f the matter. (1979年，阿奇·科克伦发表了一篇批评他的医生同行的文章。他写道：“这无疑是对我们这一专业的一大批评，我们没有按专业或亚专业组织一份批评性的总结，定期改编所有相关的随机对照试验。”“组织一篇批判性摘要”的想法似乎不是一个开创性的概念，但科克伦击中了问题的核心。)”可知，阿奇·科克伦最关心的是医生们没有把医学试验总结出来。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Systematic reviews bridge the gap between researchers and plicymakers. Researchers fcus n specific interventins, while plicymakers address brader prblems. By synthesizing relevant research, systematic reviews can answer plicymaker questins. Furthermre, evidence synthesis highlights “ knwn unknwns” - gaps in research that can be filled thrugh targeted funding, rather than mre studies f familiar tpics. (系统评价弥合了研究人员和决策者之间的差距。研究人员关注具体的干预措施，而政策制定者则关注更广泛的问题。通过综合相关研究，系统评价可以回答决策者的问题。此外，证据综合强调了“已知的未知”——可以通过有针对性的资助来填补的研究空白，而不是对熟悉的主题进行更多的研究。)”可知，系统评价有助于使研究资金更加集中。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dramatizing ur ignrance is ne f the mst valuable things an evidence review can d. (把我们的无知戏剧化是证据审查能做的最有价值的事情之一。)”可知，作者对“合成揭示未知”持热情支持的态度。故选D项。
16．主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段“Systematic reviews bridge the gap between researchers and plicymakers. Researchers fcus n specific interventins, while plicymakers address brader prblems. By synthesizing relevant research, systematic reviews can answer plicymaker questins. Furthermre, evidence synthesis highlights “ knwn unknwns” - gaps in research that can be filled thrugh targeted funding, rather than mre studies f familiar tpics. (系统评价弥合了研究人员和决策者之间的差距。研究人员关注具体的干预措施，而政策制定者则关注更广泛的问题。通过综合相关研究，系统评价可以回答决策者的问题。此外，证据综合强调了“已知的未知”——可以通过有针对性的资助来填补的研究空白，而不是对熟悉的主题进行更多的研究。)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要讨论了证据合成（即系统评价）的重要性，包括其在医学和社会政策领域的应用，以及它如何帮助政策制定者做出更明智的决策。因此，C项“揭示未说出的故事：证据合成的重要性”是最适合这篇文章的标题。故选C项。
Passage（5）
【江苏省常州高级中学2024-2025学年高三下学期期初质量调研】A recent survey fund children wuld rather be nline influencers (网红) than astrnauts. It made headlines and led t plenty f cmplaints abut “kids these days”. Is influencing a prmising career path? The lifestyles we see advertised n scial media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain incme, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues.
Successful influencers will be the first t claim that anyne can make it in the industry. Hwever, scial media ecnmy experts uncvered a huge incme gap between successful influencers and everyne else. Fr mst peple trying t becme an influencer, their passin prjects f cntent creatin ften becme free wrk fr brands.
Mst influencers are self-emplyed, ften experiencing incnsistent incme and a lack f prtectin that cmes with lng-term emplyment. The risks f self-emplyment are increased in the influencer industry by an absence f industry standards and little pay transparency. Influencers are ften frced t assess their wn value and determine fees fr their wrk. As a result, cntent creatrs ften undervalue their wn creative labur, and many end up wrking fr free.
Influencers are als ften at the mercy f algrithms — the behind-the-scenes cmputer prgrams that determine which psts are shwn, in which rder, t users. Platfrms share little detail abut their algrithms, yet they finally determine wh and what gains visibility and influence n scial media. The threat f invisibility is a cnstant surce f insecurity fr influencers, wh are under cnstant pressure t feed platfrms with cntent. If they dn’t, they may be “punished” by the algrithm — having psts hidden r displayed lwer dwn n search results.
Cnstant nline presence leads t ne f the mst cmmn issues in the influencer industry: mental health cncerns. Influencers can cnnect t their platfrm wrkspaces and audience at any time f day r night, which can lead t them verwrking. Cupled with the fear f nline criticism, it cntributes t mental and physical health issues.
Althugh becming an influencer may lk appealing t mre and mre peple, the industry’s dark underside needs t be made visible and imprved thrugh enhanced emplyment regulatin and industry-led cultural change.
17．Which f the fllwing wrds cans replace “enticing” in Paragraph 1?
A．Imaginative.B．Similar.C．Attractive.D．Traditinal
18．What’s ne f the reasns fr influencers’ undervaluing their creative wrk?
A．Standardized prtectin.B．Invisibility f payment.
C．Assessment f wn wrk.D．Passin fr cntent creatin.
19．What may cause the influencers’ stress accrding t Paragraph 4?
A．Having t wrk ut the rder f psts t be displayed.
B．Finding it difficult t create new cntent cnstantly.
C．Having little knwledge f platfrm algrithms.
D．Being unequally punished by platfrms.
20．Why des the authr write this text?
A．T shw the dark side f wrking as an nline cntent creatr.
B．T reveal relatinships between platfrms and influencers.
C．T stress the imprtance f visibility in the nline wrld.
D．T describe the life f self-emplyed cntent creatrs.
【答案】17．C 18．B 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文体裁为议论文，文章大意是讨论了网红作为一种职业的吸引力及其背后的挑战和问题。
17．词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“The lifestyles we see advertised n scial media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain incme, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues. (我们在社交媒体上看到的那些网红宣传的生活方式很enticing，但在这光鲜亮丽的外表之下，存在着收入不稳定、薪酬不平等、身体伤残以及心理健康等问题。)”可知，网光鲜亮丽的外表说明网红宣传的生活方式很诱人，enticing的意思是“诱人的，吸引人的”。可以用Attractive“吸引人的”来替换。故选C。
18．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“The risks f self-emplyment are increased in the influencer industry by an absence f industry standards and little pay transparency. Influencers are ften frced t assess their wn value and determine fees fr their wrk. As a result, cntent creatrs ften undervalue their wn creative labur, and many end up wrking fr free. (由于网红行业缺乏行业标准，薪酬透明度也很低，个体经营的风险在这个行业里进一步增加了。网红们常常不得不自己评估自身价值，并确定自己工作的报酬。结果，内容创作者们常常低估自己的创造性劳动价值，很多人最终都是无偿工作。)”可知，第三段指出行业缺乏薪酬透明度（little pay transparency），导致创作者需自行评估劳动价值，最终低估自身工作，说明网红低估自己创作价值的原因之一是薪酬不透明。故选B。
19．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Influencers are als ften at the mercy f algrithms — the behind-the-scenes cmputer prgrams that determine which psts are shwn, in which rder, t users. Platfrms share little detail abut their algrithms, yet they finally determine wh and what gains visibility and influence n scial media. The threat f invisibility is a cnstant surce f insecurity fr influencers, wh are under cnstant pressure t feed platfrms with cntent. (网红们还常常受算法的支配 —— 算法就是幕后的计算机程序，它们决定着哪些帖子会展示给用户，以及展示的顺序。社交媒体平台很少透露其算法的细节，但这些算法最终决定了在社交媒体上谁以及什么内容能获得关注和影响力。对于网红们来说，可能会被算法忽视的威胁一直是他们不安全感的来源，他们一直承受着要不断为平台提供内容的压力。)”可知，第四段强调平台不公开算法细节，创作者因无法预测内容曝光机制而被迫持续产出内容，导致压力，说明网红压力的来源之一是对平台算法缺乏了解。故选C。
20．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“The lifestyles we see advertised n scial media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain incme, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues. (我们在社交媒体上看到的那些网红所宣传的生活方式很诱人，但在光鲜亮丽的外表之下，存在着收入不稳定、薪酬不平等、身体损伤以及心理健康等问题。)”和最后一段“Althugh becming an influencer may lk appealing t mre and mre peple, the industry’s dark underside needs t be made visible and imprved thrugh enhanced emplyment regulatin and industry-led cultural change. (尽管成为网红对越来越多的人来说可能很有吸引力，但这个行业的阴暗面需要被曝光，并且需要通过加强就业监管和行业引领的文化变革来加以改善。)”可知，文章通过分析网红职业的吸引力及其背后的挑战，揭示了这一行业的负面影响，例如收入不稳定、算法控制、心理健康问题等。因此，作者写作的目的是展示作为在线内容创作者的黑暗面。故选A。
Passage（6）
【山东省青岛市四区联考2024-2025学年高三上学期期末】Fr t lng, we’ve been living n the edge f burnut, with t-d lists grwing lnger, calendars full, and deadlines that seem never-ending. It’s nt a secret that busyness has been wrn like a mark f hnr, while mments f dwn time are seen as unprductive. But if there’s n time t breathe r rm t think, hw are we able t cme up with new ideas, let alne carry them ut?
I didn’t realize hw deep-rted this lifestyle had becme fr me until I stepped int self-emplyment in 2023. Balancing busy perids with quieter nes unexpectedly brught anxiety and self-judgment instead f the anticipated relief t pause and reflect. Hwever, the tide is turning in the wrld f wrk: there’s a grwing pushback against nn-stp demands, and increased awareness abut the benefits — including imprved cncentratin, creativity and jb satisfactin-f ding ne thing at a time.
Accrding t Marc Za-Sanders, authr f Timebxing, multitasking is the attempt t attend t tw things at nce, fr example firing ff a few emails while sitting in a meeting. The pity here is that yu may end up ding a pr jb f bth, and enjy neither. But it’s actually a little mre cmplex than this. If ne f the tasks is familiar t yu and desn’t demand t much f yu cgnitively (认知地), it may well be that yu can take n a secnd task at the same time. The main issue is thinking yu can d bth at nce fr thse tasks where yu can’t. This is bth unprductive and can easily feel frustrated.
The phrase “multitasking” has been adpted by all srts f typically high-achieving peple and a mark f status. But ur brains cannt cmplete tasks at the same time. They are cmpleted in a sequence. Multitasking is tiring us ut mre quickly and making us less efficient. S, let’s bid farewell t the era f handling a hundred things at nce.
21．What’s peple’s cmmn view t busyness?
A．It is a way t generate new ideas.
B．It shws that peple are less prductive.
C．It reflects peple’s pr time-management.
D．It is a symbl f efficiency and excellence.
22．Hw des the authr feel after she became self-emplyed?
A．Relaxed.B．Panicked.C．Uneasy.D．Stress-free.
23．What can we learn abut multitasking frm paragraph 3?
A．It can reduce ur prductivity.B．It can weaken ur cgnitive ability.
C．It makes us creative and cncentrated.D．It is essential in tday’s fast-pace wrld.
24．What des the authr suggest in the passage?
A．Fllwing high-achieving peple.B．Wrking ne task at a time.
C．Raising the efficiency f multitasking.D．Challenging ur brain capacity.
【答案】21．D 22．C 23．A 24．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了现代社会中人们普遍存在的过度忙碌和“多任务处理”现象，以及这种生活方式对个人创造力和工作效率的负面影响。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It’s nt a secret that busyness has been wrn like a mark f hnr, while mments f dwn time are seen as unprductive.(忙碌一直被当作一种荣誉的象征，而闲暇时光则被视为毫无成效，这早已不是什么秘密。)”可知，忙碌一直被当作一种荣誉的象征，而闲暇时光则被视为毫无成效。这意味着在人们的普遍观念中，忙碌是一种值得骄傲的事情，可理解为忙碌象征着效率和优秀。故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I didn’t realize hw deep-rted this lifestyle had becme fr me until I stepped int self-emplyment in 2023. Balancing busy perids with quieter nes unexpectedly brught anxiety and self-judgment instead f the anticipated relief t pause and reflect.(直到2023年我开始自主创业，我才意识到这种生活方式在我身上已经根深蒂固到了何种程度。原本预期在忙碌时段与清闲时段之间取得平衡后，能获得喘息和反思的机会，从而感到轻松，可没想到却带来了焦虑和自我评判。)”可知，作者在2023年开始自主创业后，原本预期在忙碌和清闲之间取得平衡能获得喘息和反思的轻松感，但没想到却带来了焦虑和自我评判，作者自主创业后感到不安。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Accrding t Marc Za-Sanders, authr f Timebxing, multitasking is the attempt t attend t tw things at nce, fr example firing ff a few emails while sitting in a meeting. The pity here is that yu may end up ding a pr jb f bth, and enjy neither.(根据《时间箱管理》一书的作者Marc Za-Sanders的说法，“多任务处理”指的是试图同时处理两件事情，例如在开会时快速发送几封电子邮件。遗憾的是，这样做的结果可能是两件事都没做好，而且两件事都体验不佳。)”以及“This is bth unprductive and can easily feel frustrated.(这样做不仅效率低下，还很容易让人感到沮丧。)”可知，多任务处理可能导致两件事都做不好，既没有效率还容易让人沮丧，所以会降低我们的工作效率。故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Multitasking is tiring us ut mre quickly and making us less efficient. S, let’s bid farewell t the era f handling a hundred things at nce.(多任务处理让我们更快地感到疲惫，也降低了我们的效率。所以，让我们告别一次处理一百件事情的时代吧。)”可知，作者强调了多任务处理的坏处，结合最后一句告别一次处理多项任务的时代，可推断出作者建议一次只做一项任务。故选B。
Passage（7）
【广西邕衡教育名校联盟2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考试】Sme films shine brighter than thers. RaMell Rss’ “Nickel Bys,” a stirring cinematic adaptatin f Clsn Whitehead’s Pulitzer Prize-winning nvel, is plished t a remarkable brilliance. Its cnfidence cmes n like a stiff breeze n a sticky Suthern summer day, as it tells a bldly designed stry f tw Black kids named Elwd and Turner, living during the height f segregatin (种族隔离) in Flrida. Elwd is a smart, idealistic kid wh is wrngly sent t the abusive walls f Nickel Academy, a refrm schl fr bys, while Turner is the bright friend he makes in the dark passages f thse days.
Yur immersin int the film’s wrld begins early n. Frm its pening scene with clseups f fruit hanging high up in a tree, cigarette smke flating thrugh the air and hands shuffling cards, “Nickel Bys” makes yu feel like yu’re taking a glance int smene’s life. Yu’re getting a kid’s perspective f Christmas trees and decratins frm belw; sheets being put nt beds and laughter ringing in the air. The simple, jyful human mments at the beginning f the film are in sharp cntrast t the inhumane treatment shwn later n.
Rss achieves smething brilliant when he shws this first-persn pint f view frm Elwd’s perspective. It’s as if yu see thrugh his eyes, mving alng with him, but yu als hear his vice in cnversatins. This sn shifts when Turner makes his first appearance, and his perspective is als shwn thrughut the rest f the film. This chice is effective in making the viewer feel every cnversatin, every lss, every little mment. It als shws bth the bys’ very different attitudes tward whether the truth wuld win ut.
Sht with frequent shifts in perspective, “Nickel Bys” challenges the audience t see and feel the wrld thrugh Black eyes, demanding effrt and empathy. This isn’t a film that hlds yur hand, but rather ne that expects yu t meet it n its wn terms. Yet, as a clear masterpiece held tgether by visual splendr and distinctive perfrmances, it prves that this brave, hnest strytelling strategy is well wrth the reward.
25．What can we learn abut the film “Nickle Bys” frm the first paragraph?
A．It has been awarded the Pulitzer Prize.
B．Its setting reflects the reality f racism.
C．The stry happened during a ht summer.
D．Bth main characters were wrngly punished.
26．Why des RaMell Rss adpt shifting perspectives?
A．T highlight bth bys’ very different viewpints.
B．T avid fcusing t much n ne character’s stry.
C．T cnfuse the audience and challenge their understanding.
D．T shwcase the refrm schl’s effect n different students.
27．Which f the fllwing best describes the film?
A．Cheerful and realistic.B．Daring and immersive.
C．Heavy but inspiring.D．Heartwarming but challenging.
28．Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A．A film review.B．A bk intrductin.
C．A histrical analysis.D．An nline advertisement.
【答案】25．B 26．A 27．B 28．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章属于影评，主要介绍了电影“Nickel Bys”的背景、内容、拍摄手法以及其独特之处等，对电影进行了评价。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段“Its cnfidence cmes n like a stiff breeze n a sticky Suthern summer day, as it tells a bldly designed stry f tw Black kids named Elwd and Turner, living during the height f segregatin (种族隔离) in Flrida. (它的自信就像南方闷热夏日里凛冽的微风，讲述了一个设计大胆的故事：两个名叫Elwd和Turner的黑人孩子生活在种族隔离最严重的佛罗里达州。)” 可知，电影讲述了两个黑人孩子在佛罗里达州种族隔离最严重时期的故事，故推断其背景反映了种族主义的现实。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“This chice is effective in making the viewer feel every cnversatin, every lss, every little mment. It als shws bth the bys’ very different attitudes tward whether the truth wuld win ut. (这种选择有效地让观众感受到每一次对话、每一次失落、每一个小小的时刻。这也显示了两个男孩对于真相是否会胜出的截然不同的态度。)” 可知，采用转换视角的方式不仅能让观众感受到每一次对话、每一次失落、每一个小小的时刻，还能展示两个男孩对真理是否会胜出的截然不同的态度，也就是突出了两个男孩非常不同的观点。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据第一段“Its cnfidence cmes n like a stiff breeze n a sticky Suthern summer day, as it tells a bldly designed stry f tw Black kids named Elwd and Turner, living during the height f segregatin (种族隔离) in Flrida. (它的自信就像南方闷热夏日里凛冽的微风，讲述了一个设计大胆的故事：两个名叫Elwd和Turner的黑人孩子生活在种族隔离最严重的佛罗里达州。)”可知，电影的设计大胆的，再根据第三段“Yur immersin int the film’s wrld begins early n. Frm its pening scene with clseups f fruit hanging high up in a tree, cigarette smke flating thrugh the air and hands shuffling cards, “Nickel Bys” makes yu feel like yu’re taking a glance int smene’s life. (你很早就开始沉浸在电影世界里了。从电影开场的特写镜头来看，水果高悬在树上，香烟烟雾在空气中飘浮，人们在洗牌，“Nickel Bys”让你觉得你在窥视某人的生活。)”可知电影能让我们沉浸其中，也就是身临其境。故选B。
28．推理判断题。通读全文可知文章主要介绍了电影“Nickel Bys”的背景、内容、拍摄手法以及其独特之处等，对电影进行了评价，所以最有可能来自一篇电影评论。故选A。
Passage（8）
【湖北省云学名校联盟2024-2025学年高三下学期2月联考】The next time yu’re feeling depressed r angry at the wrld, ask yurself if yu’ve really been dealt a pr hand — r if, just maybe, yu were expecting t much. That’s ne message that can be drawn frm a recent study n entitlement, a persnality trait characterized by exaggerated feelings f deservingness and superirity. Entitlement may lead t cnstant disappintment, say researchers frm Case Western Reserve University.
The authrs reached these cnclusins after analyzing mre than 170 academic papers. They fund that peple wh pssess high levels. f entitlement cnsistently fall victim t a three-part cycle: First, they dn’t always get everything they think they deserve, leaving them cnstantly vulnerable t unmet expectatins. Thse unmet expectatins are then perceived as injustices, leading t emtins like anger and sadness. Finally, t justify thse emtins, entitled peple reassure themselves f their wn specialness. This helps them feel better temprarily, but ultimately starts the prcess all ver again.
At extreme levels, entitled peple repeatedly expse themselves t the risk f feeling frustrated and disappinted with life. They als tend t suffer frm pr relatinships, interpersnal cnflicts, and depressin, says c-authr Julie Exline, PhD, a prfessr f psychlgical sciences at Case Western Reserve. “S much f entitlement is abut cmpetitin — being better r mre deserving than ther peple, ”she tld Health. cm. “It really sets in ppsitin t sciety, and it can be very islating. ”
“It’s nt easy fr true narcissists (自恋者) t see themselves fr what they are, r t change their way f thinking.” Exline says. But she des believe that, fr many well-intentined peple, feelings f entitlement can be cntrlled. “Cnditining yurself t think abut ther peple and what they deserve — and als being willing t admit yur wn faults and weaknesses — can help yu feel mre cnnected t thers, ” she says.
We shuld be als aware that nt all feelings f entitlement are wrng r bad: We shuldn’t just lwer ur standards r stp expecting things we truly d deserve, just s we can be happier. But if yu d ntice that yu’ve develped an verblwn sense f self — and it’s causing yu t be annyed r nt get alng with thers — yu can definitely try t d smething abut it.
29．What causes entitled peple t be trapped in a three-part cycle?
A．Cnsistent negative emtins.B．A strng sense f self-awareness.
C．Cnstant self-pity and helplessness.D．Unrealistic expectatins and frustratin.
30．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The reasn fr entitlement.B．The benefits f cmpetitin.
C．The negative effects f entitlement.D．The imprtance f cnnecting with thers.
31．What might be Exline’s suggestin fr entitled peple?
A．Change yur mindset t ne f cmpetitiveness.
B．Fcus n yur wn achievements and superirity.
C．Priritize persnal gals ver cnsidering thers’ needs.
D．Place yurself int thers’ psitin and reflect n yurself.
32．Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t entitlement?
A．Balanced.B．Critical.C．Supprtive.D．Tlerant.
【答案】29．D 30．C 31．D 32．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了“配得感”(entitlement)这一人格特质，它以过分的应得感和优越感为特征。文章强调，虽然配得感可能导致问题，但并非所有配得感都是错误的，关键在于平衡期望与现实，以及学会考虑他人的需求和感受。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段“They fund that peple wh pssess high levels. f entitlement cnsistently fall victim t a three-part cycle: First, they dn’t always get everything they think they deserve, leaving them cnstantly vulnerable t unmet expectatins. Thse unmet expectatins are then perceived as injustices, leading t emtins like anger and sadness. Finally, t justify thse emtins, entitled peple reassure themselves f their wn specialness. This helps them feel better temprarily, but ultimately starts the prcess all ver again.(他们发现拥有高水平的人。他们总是会陷入一个由三部分组成的循环：首先，他们并不总是得到他们认为应得的一切，这让他们总是容易受到无法实现的期望的伤害。这些未满足的期望被认为是不公平的，导致愤怒和悲伤等情绪。最后，为了证明这些情绪是合理的，有权利的人对自己的特殊性进行了自我安慰。这会让他们暂时感觉好一些，但最终还是会重新开始这个过程)” 可知，是不切实际的期望和挫折感导致了他们落入三部曲循环中。故选D。
30．主旨大意题。根据第三段“At extreme levels, entitled peple repeatedly expse themselves t the risk f feeling frustrated and disappinted with life. They als tend t suffer frm pr relatinships, interpersnal cnflicts, and depressin, says c-authr Julie Exline, PhD.(在极端情况下，配得感的人往往反复让自己感到沮丧和对生活失望。他们还有糟糕的人际关系、冲突以及抑郁问题)”可知，第三段主要讨论了配得感的负面影响，包括导致人际关系差、人际冲突和抑郁。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Cnditining yurself t think abut ther peple and what they deserve — and als being willing t admit yur wn faults and weaknesses—can help yu feel mre cnnected t thers.(让自己去思考他人及他们的需要，同时愿意承认自己的缺点和弱点，可以帮助你与他人建立更深的联系。）可知，Exline的建议是要站在他人立场上思考问题，并进行自我反思。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We shuld be als aware that nt all feelings f entitlement are wrng r bad: We shuldn’t just lwer ur standards r stp expecting things we truly d deserve, just s we can be happier. But if yu d ntice that yu’ve develped an verblwn sense f self — and it’s causing yu t be annyed r nt get alng with thers — yu can definitely try t d smething abut it.(我们也应该意识到，并非所有的配得感都是错误的或不好的：我们不应该降低我们的标准或停止期待我们真正应得的东西，只是为了让我们更快乐。但是，如果你确实注意到你已经形成了一种过度的自我意识，并且它导致你感到烦恼或无法与他人相处——你绝对可以尝试做些什么)”可知，作者提倡对配得感有一个全面的看法，既不全盘否定，也不盲目肯定，而是寻求一个平衡点。故选A。
Passage（9）
【2025届河南省安阳市高三上学期一模】Think abut the illegal screen (掩护) that was called against UCnn in the last secnds f the NCAA wmen’s semifinal game. But remember t apprach it withut an unreasnable dislike f r preference fr the team, gender cnsideratins, r the verall skill level f the players invlved. American basketball fans have cme t believe that at the end f clse games, we shuld “let the players decide the utcme”.
D the referees (裁判) actually stp themselves frm blwing their whistles at the end f clse games, r is it all just a miscnceptin? While I wuld like t believe that it is a miscnceptin, during my 31 years f caching high schl basketball, I have met quite a few game fficials wh practice that philsphy. T “let the players decide the utcme” means that the game wn’t be called as strictly as it is during ther parts f the match. Is that really what we want? I have a very clse knwledge f NFHS basketball rules, and have read NCAA basketball regulatins. But I have never seen any reference t calling the game differently in the clsing secnds f a tight cntest. Oftentimes, the game ends with the result that wuld happen n matter what. But if nt, wh gets punished? Mst ften, it’s the team that cntinues t play within the rules.
We need t abandn the belief that we shuld “let the players decide the utcme”. A ful (犯规) shuld be recgnized as a ful n matter what time in the game it ccurs — the first minute, the middle f the third quarter, r the final 10 secnds f a clse game. But again, it’s up t the referees t make sure that happens.
Officials are human, and they smetimes miss a call, such as a clse cntact that culd be interpreted as a blck r a charge. We have t remve the idea that what is a ful cmmitted in the third quarter is nt a ful in the last 10 secnds f a clse game. And we caches and spectatrs have t accept and expect that!
37．Why is the scene in a basketball game described in paragraph 1?
A．T lead in the tpic.B．T add backgrund infrmatin.
C．T hnr the cmpetitive players.D．T stress the imprtance f referees.
38．What is the cmmn miscnceptin amng basketball fans?
A．Referees have preferences fr certain teams.
B．Referees stp using their whistles in clse games.
C．The team playing within the rules will be the winner.
D．The caches have t much influence n the fficials’ decisins.
39．The authr mentins his experience as a high schl basketball cach t ______.
A．prve his expertise in basketball rules
B．illustrate the ppularity f a certain referee philsphy
C．criticize the pr perfrmance f fficials in high schl games
D．shw hw difficult it is t cach a high schl basketball team
40．What is the authr’s suggestin fr imprving the fairness f basketball games?
A．Increasing the number f fficials.
B．Allwing caches t challenge referees’ decisins.
C．Observing the rules cnsistently thrughut the game.
D．Carrying ut stricter punishment fr fuls in clse games.
【答案】37．A 38．B 39．B 40．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕篮球比赛中 “让球员决定结果” 这一观念展开，批判该观念，主张比赛全程严格按规则判罚以保公平。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“Think abut the illegal screen (掩护) that was called against UCnn in the last secnds f the NCAA wmen’s semifinal game. But remember t apprach it withut an unreasnable dislike f r preference fr the team, gender cnsideratins, r the verall skill level f the players invlved. American basketball fans have cme t believe that at the end f clse games, we shuld ‘let the players decide the utcme’.(想想NCAA女子半决赛最后几秒钟对阵康涅狄格大学的非法屏幕。但请记住，在处理这件事时，不要对球队、性别因素或相关球员的整体技能水平有不合理的厌恶或偏好。美国篮球迷们开始相信，在势均力敌的比赛结束时，我们应该‘让球员决定结果’)”可知，本段描述了 NCAA女子半决赛最后几秒UCnn队被吹罚非法掩护的场景，接着引出关于比赛最后时刻裁判是否应 “让球员决定比赛结果” 这一话题。所以描述篮球比赛场景是为了引出话题。故选A项。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“D the referees actually stp themselves frm blwing their whistles at the end f clse games, r is it all just a miscnceptin?(裁判们真的会在比分接近的比赛末尾不吹哨子吗，还是这只是一种误解？)”可知，篮球迷们普遍存在的误解是裁判在比分接近的比赛末尾不吹哨子。 故选B项。
39．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“While I wuld like t believe that it is a miscnceptin, during my 31 years f caching high schl basketball, I have met quite a few game fficials wh practice that philsphy.(虽然我愿意相信这是一种误解，但在我31年的高中篮球执教生涯中，我遇到过不少践行那种理念的比赛官员)”可知，作者提到自己作为高中篮球教练的经历是为了说明“让球员决定比赛结果”这种裁判理念的流行程度。 故选B项。
40．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“A ful (犯规) shuld be recgnized as a ful n matter what time in the game it ccurs—the first minute, the middle f the third quarter, r the final 10 secnds f a clse game.(无论在比赛的什么时候 —— 第一分钟、第三节中间，还是比分接近的比赛的最后10秒，犯规都应该被认定为犯规)” 可知，作者认为比赛自始至终都应一致遵守规则，这样才能提高篮球比赛的公平性。故选C项。
Passage（1）
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Is cmprehensin the same whether a persn reads a text nscreen r n paper? And are listening t and viewing cntent as effective as reading the written wrd when cvering the same material? The answers t bth questins are ften “n”. The reasns relate t a variety f factrs, including reduced cncentratin, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency t multitask while cnsuming digital cntent.
When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding. The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related t paper’s physical prperties. With paper, there is a literal laying n f hands, alng with the visual gegraphy f distinct pages. Peple ften link their memry f what they’ve read t hw far int the bk it was r where it was n the page.
But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假说)”. Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.
Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn. Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.
28. What des the underlined phrase “shine thrugh” in paragraph 2 mean?
A Seem unlikely t last.B. Seem hard t explain.
C. Becme ready t use.D. Becme easy t ntice.
29. What des the shallwing hypthesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.B. Digital texts are simpler t understand.
C. Peple select digital texts randmly.D. Digital texts are suitable fr scial media.
30. Why are audi and vide increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hld students' attentin.B. They are mre cnvenient t prepare.
C. They help develp advanced skills.D. They are mre infrmative than text.
31. What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students shuld apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers shuld prduce their wn teaching material.
C. Print texts cannt be entirely replaced in educatin.
D. Educatin utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C
【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine thrugh应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假说)”. Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallwing hypthesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallwing hypthesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。
Passage（2）
【2024北京卷】The ntin that we live in smene else’s vide game is irresistible t many. Searching the term “simulatin hypthesis” (模拟假说) returns numerus results that debate whether the universe is a cmputer simulatin —— a cncept that sme scientists actually take seriusly. Unfrtunately, this is nt a scientific questin. We will prbably never knw whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea t advance scientific knwledge.
The 18th-century philspher Kant argued that the universe ultimately cnsists f things-in-themselves that are unknwable. While he held the ntin that bjective reality exists, he said ur mind plays a necessary rle in structuring and shaping ur perceptins. Mdern sciences have revealed that ur perceptual experience f the wrld is the result f many stages f prcessing by sensry systems and cgnitive (认知的) functins in the brain. N ne knws exactly what happens within this black bx. If empirical (实证的) experience fails t reveal reality, reasning wn’t reveal reality either since it relies n cncepts and wrds that are cntingent n ur scial, cultural and psychlgical histries. Again, a black bx.
S, if we accept that the universe is unknwable, we als accept we will never knw if we live in a cmputer simulatin. And then, we can shift ur inquiry frm “Is the universe a cmputer simulatin?” t “Can we mdel the universe as a cmputer simulatin? ” Mdelling reality is what we d. T facilitate ur cmprehensin f the wrld, we build mdels based n cnceptual metaphrs (隐喻) that are familiar t us. In Newtn’s era, we imagined the universe as a clck. In Einstein’s, we uncvered the standard mdel f particle (粒子) physics.
Nw that we are in the infrmatin age, we have new cncepts such as the cmputer, infrmatin prcessing, virtual reality, and simulatin. Unsurprisingly, these new cncepts inspire us t build new mdels f the universe. Mdels are nt the reality, hwever. There is n pint in arguing if the universe is a clck, a set f particles r an utput f cmputatin. All these mdels are tls t deal with the unknwn and t make discveries. And the mre tls we have, the mre effective and insightful we can becme.
It can be imagined that cmparable t the prcess f building previus scientific mdels, develping the “cmputer simulatin” metaphr-based mdel will als be a hugely rewarding exercise.
28. What des the authr intend t d by challenging a hypthesis?
A. Make an assumptin.B. Illustrate an argument.
C. Give a suggestin.D. Justify a cmparisn.
29. What des the phrase “cntingent n” underlined in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Accepted by.B. Determined by.C. Awakened by.D. Discvered by.
30. As fr Kant’s argument, the authr is _________.
A. appreciativeB. dubtfulC. uncncernedD. disapprving
31. It is implied in this passage that we shuld _________.
A. cmpare the current mdels with the previus nes
B. cntinue explring the classical mdels in histry
C. stp arguing whether the universe is a simulatin
D. turn simulatins f the universe int realities up.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Searching the term “simulatin hypthesis” (模拟假说) returns numerus results that debate whether the universe is a cmputer simulatin —— a cncept that sme scientists actually take seriusly. Unfrtunately, this is nt a scientific questin. We will prbably never knw whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea t advance scientific knwledge.(搜索“模拟假说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C项。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails t reveal reality, reasning wn’t reveal reality either since it relies n cncepts and wrds that are cntingent n ur scial, cultural and psychlgical histries. Again, a black bx.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于cntingent n我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词cncepts and wrds，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18th-century philspher Kant argued that the universe ultimately cnsists f things-in-themselves that are unknwable. While he held the ntin that bjective reality exists, he said ur mind plays a necessary rle in structuring and shaping ur perceptins. (18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段“S, if we accept that the universe is unknwable, we als accept we will never knw if we live in a cmputer simulatin.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“There is n pint in arguing if the universe is a clck, a set f particles r an utput f cmputatin. All these mdels are tls t deal with the unknwn and t make discveries. And the mre tls we have, the mre effective and insightful we can becme. (争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that cmparable t the prcess f building previus scientific mdels, develping the “cmputer simulatin” metaphr-based mdel will als be a hugely rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C项。
Passage（3）
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 D yu ever get t the train statin and realize yu frgt t bring smething t read? Yes, we all have ur phnes, but many f us still like t g ld schl and read smething printed.
Well, there’s a kisk (小亭) fr that. In the San Francisc Bay Area, at least.
“Yu enter the fare gates (检票口) and yu’ll see a kisk that is lit up and it tells yu can get a ne-minute, a three-minute, r a five-minute stry,” says Alicia Trst, the chief cmmunicatins fficer fr the San Francisc Bay Area Rapid Transit — knwn as BART. “Yu chse which length yu want and it gives yu a receipt-like shrt stry.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 shrt stries and pems since the prgram was launched last March. Sme are classic shrt stries, and sme are new riginal wrks.
Trst als wants t intrduce lcal writers t lcal riders. “We wanted t d smething where we d a call t artists in the Bay Area t submit stries fr a cntest,” Trst says. “And as f right nw, we’ve received abut 120 submissins. The winning stries wuld g int ur kisk and then yu wuld be a published artist.”
Ridership n transit (交通) systems acrss the cuntry has been dwn the past half century, s culd shrt stries save transit?
Trst thinks s.
“At the end f the day all transit agencies right nw are ding everything they can t imprve the rider experience. S I abslutely think we will get mre riders just because f shrt stries,” she says.
And yu’ll never be withut smething t read.
4. Why did BART start the kisk prgram?
A. T prmte the lcal culture.B. T discurage phne use.
C. T meet passengers’ needs.D. T reduce its running csts.
5. Hw are the stries categrized in the kisk?
A. By ppularity.B. By length.
C. By theme.D. By language.
6. What has Trst been ding recently?
A. Organizing a stry cntest.B. Ding a survey f custmers.
C. Chsing a print publisher.D. Cnducting interviews with artists.
7. What is Trst’s pinin abut BART’s future?
A. It will clse dwn.B. Its prfits will decline.
C. It will expand natinwide.D. Its ridership will increase.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务，旨在满足乘客阅读需求，提升出行体验，Trst认为此举措能吸引更多乘客，对BART的未来持乐观态度，预期乘客量将会增长。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段““Yu enter the fare gates (检票口) and yu’ll see a kisk that is lit up and it tells yu can get a ne-minute, a three-minute, r a five-minute stry,” says Alicia Trst, the chief cmmunicatins fficer fr the San Francisc Bay Area Rapid Transit - knwn as BART. “Yu chse which length yu want and it gives yu a receipt-like shrt stry.”(旧金山湾区捷运系统（BART）首席通讯官Alicia Trst表示：“你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BART启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Yu chse which length yu want and it gives yu a receipt-like shrt stry.(你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事)”可知，信息亭中的故事按长度分类，乘客可以根据自己的需求选择不同长度的故事。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“We wanted t d smething where we d a call t artists in the Bay Area t submit stries fr a cntest,(我们想做一些事情，呼吁湾区的艺术家为比赛提交故事)”以及第六段“The winning stries wuld g int ur kisk and then yu wuld be a published artist.(获奖故事会进入我们的信息亭，然后你就会成为一名出版艺术家)”可知，Trst最近在组织一个故事竞赛，向湾区的艺术家征集故事，获胜作品将被放入售货亭供乘客阅读。故选A项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““At the end f the day all transit agencies right nw are ding everything they can t imprve the rider experience. S I abslutely think we will get mre riders just because f shrt stries,” she says.(她说：“归根结底，所有的交通机构现在都在尽一切努力改善乘客体验。所以我绝对认为，我们会因为短篇小说而吸引更多的乘客。”)”可知，Trst认为通过提升乘客体验，包括提供短篇故事阅读服务，BART可以吸引更多的乘客，乘客量将会增加。故选D项。
Passage（4）
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw-several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI-the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders-s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with Al t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
12. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. If read by smene prly educated.B. If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C. If written by smene less cmpetent.D. If translated by smene unacademic.
13. What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A. It is packed with cmplex cdes.B. It adpts a dwn-t-earth writing style.
C. It prvides step-by-step instructins.D. It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
14. What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A. Observe existing regulatins n it.
B. Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C. Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D. Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
15. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk n AI.B. T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C. T clarify the definitin f AI.D. T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A
【导语】本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。
Passage（5）
【2023年全国甲卷】 I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy (哲学).
That lve fr philsphy lasted until I gt t cllege. Nthing kills the lve fr philsphy faster than peple wh think they understand Fucault, Baudrillard, r Cnfucius better than yu — and then try t explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Scrates Express: In Search f Life Lessns frm Dead Philsphers reawakened my lve fr philsphy. It is nt an explanatin, but an invitatin t think and experience philsphy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext (背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy, is a bk abur learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.
He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr. Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry, and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding (解读) their messages and adding his wn interpretatin.
The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. The invitatin is clear: Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk. I encurage yu t take his ffer. It’s wrth yur time, even if time is smething we dn’t have a lt f.
28. Wh pened the dr t philsphy fr the authr?
A. Fucault.B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jstein Gaarder.D. A cllege teacher.
29. Why des the authr list great philsphers in paragraph 4?
A. T cmpare Weiner with them.
B. T give examples f great wrks.
C. T praise their writing skills.
D. T help readers understand Weiner’s bk.
30. What des the authr like abut The Scrates Express?
A. Its views n histry are well-presented.
B. Its ideas can be applied t daily life.
C. It includes cmments frm readers.
D. It leaves an pen ending.
31. What des the authr think f Weiner’s bk?
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitius.
C. Serius and hard t fllw.
D. Humrus and straightfrward.
D. Humrus and straightfrward.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. D
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明书评。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Scrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Scrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jstein Gaarder的《 Sphie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jstein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext (背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, mre than a bk abut undestanding philsphy, is a bk abur learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Scrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philspical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. (The Scrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
读题预判：快速浏览题目与选项，圈出关键信息，像主旨题中的 “main idea”、细节题里的专有名词等，预判阅读重点，带着问题意识去读文章。
通读抓论点：首次通读，定位文章开头段，多数议论文在此点明主题、抛出论点；同时留意各段首句，它们常起承上启下、引出分论点的作用，梳理出全文论述脉络。
定位找论据：碰上细节、词义类题目，依据题目关键词，精准回文定位，在定位段落中细读上下文，借助因果、对比、举例等逻辑关系锁定答案，比如出现 “fr example” 后的内容大概率是在解释前面论点，对理解词义、补充细节很关键。
推理重逻辑：面对推理题，紧扣文章已知观点、事实，杜绝过度臆想，分析作者用词褒贬、论证走向来判断态度倾向；梳理段落、句子间的逻辑链条，像因果推导、让步转折后的语义走向，让推理有理有据。
核查避陷阱：选完答案后，代入原文再次核查，看选项是否契合全文主旨、对应细节是否无误，警惕偷换概念、无中生有、以偏概全这类常见陷阱选项。