语法非谓语动词 课件-2026届高三英语一轮复习（全国通用）

非谓语动词1上节内容回顾：1.In the future these difficulties and problems____(solve).2.A new computer__ (buy)by my friend yesterday.3.The shirt___ (feel)much softer than that one.非谓语动词：不能在句中做谓语的动词。非谓语妃嫔谓 皇语 后to dodoingdonebehave will ...非谓语动词：不做谓语，做其他成分的动词。 一个主语只能与一个动词搭配，相当于一夫一妻。娶妻 之后，还想加动词，需要降半级，变成非谓语，即纳妾。什么时候用非谓语动词：当句子中一主一谓搭配好之后，多余的谓语用非谓语动词。非谓语动词有哪几种? (动词要变成什么样?)doing: 表示主动/正在进行done: 表示被动/已经完成to do: 表示目的/即将去做非谓语动词(一)非谓语动词之不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时 态和语态的变化。句子成分非谓语动词1.动词不定式可以在句中充当六种句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语To go swimming isn't a good idea in this rainy day(主语)I find it difficult to communicate with him(宾语)The proper function of man is to live,not to exist(表语)The only way to overcome fears is to confront them(定语) He got up early to catch the first bus.(状语)I can't expect others to be on time if I'm late myself(宾语补足语) They were made to work day and night.(主语补足语)▲有些动词常跟不定式作宾语。这些动词有 afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,attempt,begin,choose,claim,continue,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,forget,happen,hate,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,like,love,manage,mean,offer,prepare,pretend,promise,prove,refuse,seem,start,t ry,undertake,want,wish等。I can't afford to study in that school 我付不起在那所学校学习的费用。She refused to accept the truth 她拒不接受这个真相。当不定式(短语)在believe,find,consider,make,think,feel等动词后作宾语时， 一般用it 作形式宾语代替不定式(短语),同时把不定式(短语)置于补语之后，即构成“主语 +动词+ it+ 补语+ to do”结构。I find it difficult to communicate with him.我发现很难和他沟通。非谓语动词1.动词不定式可以在句中充当六种句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、定 语、状语和补足语1.I don't know when you happened the news,but I hope you can keep it secret.A.knowing B.to knowC.known D.to be knowing2.They got up early in the morning and climbed the mountain a beautiful sunrise.A.seeing B.seenC.to see D.saw(二)非谓语动词之动名词动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词，由“动词原形+-ing”构成。句子成分二、动名词1.动名词的构成和特征动名词一般由“动词原形+-ing” 构成。及物动词的动名词可以带宾语，也可以被状语修饰。不及物动词的动名词不可以带宾语，但可以 被状语修饰；若要带宾语，则应加上相应的介词。带有宾语或状语的 动名词称为动名词短语，如 reading a book slowly。其否定式是在动名 词前加 not。非谓语动词2.动名词可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。Believing in yourself is the secret of success(主语)We don't allow smoking in the hall(动词宾语)She left without telling us in advance(介词宾语)Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children(表语) A washing machine can help you save a lot of time and energy. 定语)①以下及物动词和动词短语常用动名词作宾语，而不能用动词不定式作宾语，如 admit,advocate (提倡),allow,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,discuss,dislike,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,permit,postpone (延 期),practise/practice,prevent,quit,recall,resent(愤恨),resist,risk,suggest,tolerate, can't help(禁不住)等。Do you mind passing me that dictionary?你介意把那本词典递给我吗?非谓语动词The elderly often enjoy the singing of the birds in the park.A.to listen B.listening toC.to listen to D.listening3.动名词的时态(1)动名词的 一般式。动名词的一般式的结构为“动词原形+-ing”, 所表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。l approve of his joining in the project.(joining in 与 approve of 同时发生或在其后发生)我同意他参加这项工程。I am thinking of getting a new dictionary.(getting 发生在am thinking of之 后)我正在考虑买 一本新词典。(2)动名词的完成式动名词的完成式的结构为“having+过去分词”,所表示的动作通常在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。He accused me of having broken my word.(having broken发生在 accused 之前)他指责我不守承诺。是先不守承诺，再受到指责4.动名词的被动语态当动名词的逻辑主语(可以依据修饰动名词的物主代词、名词或名词所有格判断)是动名词所表示动作的承受者时，动名词一般要用被动形式 (“being+过去分词”或“having been +过去分词”)。Respecting others in life means being respected.在生活中尊重他人就是尊重自己。My TV set cant work any more.It needs一 —something is wrong with it.A.to repair B.to repairing C.repaired D.repairingMy TV set cant work any more.It needs —something is wrong with it.A.to repair B.to repairing C.repaired D.repairingneed doing”和 “need to be done”在含义上是一致的，都表示 “某事需要被做”,属于主动形式表被动含义的用法。● The car needs repairing. (这辆车需要修理。)● The car needs to be repaired. (这辆车需要被修理。)三、现在分词1.现在分词的构成和特征现在分词一般由“动词原形+-ing” 构成。及物动词的现在分词可以带宾语，也可以带状语。不及物动词的现在分词不可以直接跟宾语，但可以被状语修饰；若要带 宾语，则应加上相应的介词。带有状语或宾语的现在分词称为现在分词短语，如sin ging songs loudly。其否定式是在现在分词前加 not。非谓语动词(三)非谓语动词之分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词通常含有主动和进行两个概念。过去分词通常含被动和完成两个概念。现在分词——动词原形+-ing过去分词——动词原形+-ed (部分分词有不规则变化)非谓语动词句子成分非谓语动词3.现在分词可以在句中充当表语、定语、状语和补足语。The speech was very moving,and we were all moved to tears.(表语)The crying girl was said to have failed the last exam.(定语)Being tired,I stopped to have a rest.(状语)I'm sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. ( 作 宾 语 补 足 语 )非谓语动词3.分词可以在句中充当表语、定语、状语和补足语。 many difficulties,the soldier finally reached his destination.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered非谓语动词3.分词可以在句中充当表语、定语、状语和补足语。 many difficulties,the soldier finally reached his destination.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Sufferedhaving done的动作发生在reached前 是先遭受困难，再抵达目的地现在分词与动名词的区别：1、定义不同动名词：指的是动词ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。现在分词：是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分(定语，表语， 补语，状语),并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。现在分词与动名词的区别：2、动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语，区别方法是：①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和 表语的位置互换，语法和意思不变，例如：My hobby is swimming. 可改为Swimming is my hobby(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质，不能与主语互换位置，例如The story is interesting 不可改为 Interesting is the story现在分词与动名词的区别：3、动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词，两者的区别在于动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途，而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作 等。①a swimming suit 和 a swimming boy②a sleeping car 和 a sleeping child4、“动名词+名词”和“现在分词+名词”的读音不同，前者的重音在“动名词”上，而后者的重音在“名词”上。四、过去分词1.过去分词的构成和特征规则动词的过去分词与过去式同形，由“动词原形+-ed”构成。 不规则动词的过去分词的构成因词而异。过去分词可以带状语，带有状语的过去分词称为过去分词短语。非谓语动词3.过去分词可以在句中充当表语、定语、状语和补足语。I am very pleased with the result of the experiment.(表语)The stolen car was found by the police last week.(定语)Asked what had happened,he told us about it.(状语)She saw the thief caught by a policeman. (作宾语补足语)非谓语动词1.Jack decided to build a model plane that he would like to seein the museum.A.displayed B.displaying C.display D.to display2. with this awful virus,this little girl had to be separatedfrom the outside.A.Infecting B.To be infectedC.Infected D.Having infected非谓语动词1.Jack decided to build a model plane that he would like to seein the museum.A.displayed B.displaying C.display D.to display非谓语动词2. with this awful virus,this little girl had to be separated from theoutside.A.Infecting B.To be infectedC.Infected D.Having infected非谓语动词3.分词可以在句中充当表语、定语、状语和补足语。The film we saw yesterday was really moving (电影使人感动，所以用现在分词) They were excited on hearing the news (他们为消息而激动，用分词)(表语)a developing country(=a country which is developing) (现在分词表示进行)a developed country(=a country which has been developed) (过去分词表示完成)(定语)Being a clever boy,he studies very well.If applied in agriculture,the machines will save farmers much labor(状语)I heard someone knocking at the door.He had his money stolen (作宾语补足语)五、独立主格结构1.独立主格结构的构成和特征独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个不定式、分词、介词短语、形容词、副词等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点：(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不是同一个，它独立存在。(2)独立主格结构的位置比较灵活， 一般位于句首，也可位于句尾。(3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子隔开，但与句子之间不使用任何连词。(1)名词/代词+不定式。So much work to do,I will have to work overtime this Sunday有这么多的工作要做，这个星期天我不得不加班。Nobody to come tomorrow,we will have to put off the meeting till next week如果明天没有人来，我们将不得不把会议推迟到下周。(2)名词/代词+现在分词。The rain having stopped,he went out for a walk雨停了，他出去散了散步。(3)名词/代词+过去分词。Their living conditions greatly improved,the workers worked harder由于工人们的生活条件大大改善了，他们工作更努力了。1.He shouted at the top of his voice so that he could make himself A.to hear B.hearC.hearing D.heard2.He had some trouble himself to college life when he came to college in 2018.A.adjusting B.adjustedC.having adjusted D.to adjust3.When overseas,you'd better carry an International Driving Permit,even if you are not planning to drive.A.travel B.traveledC.traveling D.to travel4.You'd better get the task as soon as possible,otherwise you might notcomplete it on time.A.do B.to do C.done D.be doing5. with the opportunity to interview the famous star made her happy.A.Being provided B.Having providedC.To provide D.Be provided6.She is old enough on her own.A.live B.to live C.living D.be living7.I think you should buy this novel.It is really worth .A.reading B.being read C.read D.to read8. from Buckingham Palace,this trip takes you to the best of London's sights.A.Beginning B.BegunC.To begin D.Having begun9.—Where are you going,Tom?—To Bill's workshop.The engine of my car needs .A.repairing B.repaired C.repair D.to repair10. from far away,the 600-meter tower is stretching into the sky.A.See B.Seeing C.To see D.Seen11.When I found the seller ,I went to another shop to buy things.A.cheating B.cheatC.to cheat D.be cheated12. on the grassland,I watched the clouds and listened to the singing of the birds.A.Lying B.Laying C.Lied D.Laid