高中英语构词法课件-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项（全国通用）

构词法use useful usefully useless uselessly help helpful helpfully helpless helplesslyinvent invention discuss discussionquick quickly care carefullike v.喜欢disappearappearancedisappearancev.不喜欢n.出现，外貌n.消失，不见 首字母缩略法合成法派生法转换法 （一） 转化法概念：英语中最简洁，最常用的构词法，指一个单词不经过任何形式的变化，直接从一种词性转化为另外一种词性。这种方法让一个单词“身兼数职”。种类:1)由名词转化为动词: water n. 水 → water v.浇水；2)由形容词转化为动词: empty adj.空的→ empty v.倒空3)由形容词转化为名词（有很多形容词在前面加the变成名词） rich adj.富有的→ the rich n.富人 blind adj.盲的，瞎的→ the blind n.盲人分析划线单词的词性与含义1. Shall we go out for a drive next Sunday?2. I often go there for a walk.3. Have you booked your ticket?4. Hand me your knife, please.5. The train slowed down to half its speed.6. Don t dirty your clothes.7. The ldler is a cheering read that makes you feel better about life.8. …books frequently top the best seller lists. n. 驱车n. 散步v.预订v. 递v. 减慢v.弄脏n.读物v.领先合成法1.定义：由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词。household, framework, furthermore, rainbow, however, outstand合成词(Compound Word)合成法合成词(Compound Word) （四） 字母缩略法字母缩略法 是一种通过提取词组中每个单词的首字母（或主要音节的首字母），并将它们组合成一个新的、可读的字符串来构成新词的方法。这种新构成的词被称为首字母缩略词。其主要目的是为了简化冗长或复杂的术语、名称或短语，使表达更简洁、便于记忆和交流，极大的提高了信息传递的效率，是科技，政治，商业和文化交往中不可缺一部分。 .组织机构与公司 · WTO - World Trade Organization（世界贸易组织） · BBC - British Broadcasting Corporation（英国广播公司） · FBI - Federal Bureau of Investigation（美国联邦调查局）· 科技与网络 · PDF - Portable Document Format（便携式文档格式） · Wi-Fi - Wireless Fidelity（无线保真） · GPS - Global Positioning System（全球定位系统） · AI - Artificial Intelligence（人工智能） · 生活与日常 · USA - United States of America（美利坚合众国）· CEO - Chief Executive Officer（首席执行官） · DIY - Do It Yourself（自己动手做） · 科技与医学 · LASER - Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation（激光） · SARS - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome（严重急性呼吸系统综合症，非典）· 组织与教育 · NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization（北大西洋公约组织） · UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization（联合国教科文组织） 实例概念首字母缩略法BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) 英国广播公司P R C(People's Republic of China)P L A(People's Liberation Army)首字母缩略法前缀(Prefix)派生法前缀(Prefix)派生法后缀(Suffix)派生法后缀(Suffix)派生法派生法后缀(Suffix)后缀(Suffix)派生法后缀(Suffix)派生法即学即练：1) His blood pressure had dropped______ (severe). 他的血压严重地迅速下降2) It's very easy to get ___________ (frustrate) if you don’t tackle the pain and ___________(frustrate).3) In those days, doctors had two___________(adj.矛盾的) theories.4)Cholera was caused by an ___________(infect) from germs in food or water. 5) The___________(prove) that we has is still not enough to ___________(证明，证实) his crime. severelyfrustratedfrustrationcontradictoryinfectionproofprove即学即练：1) ________(Initial), the strategy was made to________ (保卫) our policy against the intervention of other countries.2)The scientist adopt ________(多种多样的) ways to get ________(purify) materials. 3) _____________(最终，最后)，some _____________(机械师) decided to offer technical _____________(assist) to the company.InitiallydefendmultiplepureUltimatelymechanicsassistance链接高考语法填空中的词型转换1. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 2022全国Ⅰ卷2. Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefits for local people. 2021全国乙卷3. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 63 (sharp) . 4. Historical ___64___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 2020新高考全国卷 5. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. 2020全国I卷6.Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 2020全国II卷populationseventuallyfinancialsharplyaccuracyextremelycelebrationThank You !