北京市朝阳区2024-2025学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析）

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(考试时间100分钟 满分100分)
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 知识运用(共三节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Outside a few snwflakes (雪花) fell dwn as the grey afternn sky darkened. Althugh it was less than ne week befre the New Year, I fund it difficult t be in a ____1____ md.
My family had just mved t this cuntry and was ging thrugh a very difficult year. The hlidays were difficult fr us because we ____2____ ur hmetwn. N ne was cming ver fr the New Year either. We wuld be spending the festival alne.
As a wave f hmesickness ____3____ my family, the drbell rang. It was dark utside, and we weren’t ____4____ anyne. My fifteen-year-ld daughter Rachel went t pen the dr, and then said, “Mm, there’s a bx n the drstep — with presents... and nbdy is ut here!”
Wh culd have left it? It was indeed a (n) ____5____. The bx cntained sme packages wrapped in bright paper. Each had a typewritten label: Open Dec. 27th, Open Dec. 28th, … There were a ttal f six. It was December 27th, and the label fr that day was ____6____ t a package f steaks. The label read: Enjy fun with yur family.
After that, we gathered each day as a family t pen ne mre gift. We wuld try t guess what each package cntained, which became a ____7____ fr us. As the days passed, we als ____8____ butter, ptates, sausages, peppers and berries. All tgether the packages made a cmplete New Year dinner. But it turned ut we didn’t need t use ur packages f fd n the New Year’s Day because a family frm wrk ____9____ invited us ver fr dinner n December 31st. We felt s blessed, and were s thankful t be lved!
Nw, tw decades later, that tugh year is a distant memry. We never find ut wh gave us the New Year gift. But I’m always ____10____ fr the spirit f kindness and genersity that came at a time we desperately needed t knw we were nt alne after all.
1. A. jyfulB. nervusC. depressedD. cnfident
2. A. visitedB. admiredC. missedD. frgt
3. A. cheered upB. swept verC. brught backD. tk apart
4. A. expectingB. detectingC. btheringD. infrming
5. A. accidentB. mysteryC. chanceD. mistake
6. A. deliveredB. expsedC. relatedD. attached
7. A. strategyB. prblemC. trickD. game
8. A. madeB. examinedC. discveredD. bught
9. A. kindlyB. calmlyC. randmlyD. hesitantly
10. A. eagerB. readyC. gratefulD. respnsible
第二节 选词填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面句子，根据句意、从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组，并使用其正确形式填空。
11. The team had t ________ the false data t ensure accurate results.
12. Befre the deadline, students must ________ their final essays nline.
13. The emplyees stayed up all night ________ finish the prject n time.
14. The rganizatin ________ helping the elderly living alne, as part f its lng-term missin is t serve the cmmunity.
第三节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
15. A lt mre plastic waste ________ (thrw) int the cean last year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16. Luckily, the parents ________ (put) away all the clthes befre it rained. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17. She wants a jb __________ her management skills can be put t gd use. (用适当的词填空)
18. Tm accidentally slipped n the wet flr, ________ (injure) his arm badly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19. The pliticians delivered several pwerful ________ (speech) at the cnference. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20. The gvernment ________ (invest) 2 billin RMB in renewable energy by nw. (所给词的适当形式填空)
21. The medical students were unsure abut ________ they shuld d with the emergency. (用适当的词填空)
22. The little child made great effrts ________ (reach) fr the ripe pear hanging n the branch. (所给词适当形式填空)
23. Nwadays, the Internet, as well as mdern satellites, ________ (cnnect) remte areas glbally. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24. When ________ (questin) abut its factries’ damage t the envirnment, the cmpany insisted that it had dne nthing wrng. (所给词的适当形式填空)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Summer Academy fr Math and Science (SAMS) Prgram mirrrs the undergraduate (本科生) experience, giving rising senirs the pprtunity t explre the fascinating wrld f science, technlgy, engineering and math (STEM). We prvide yu with experience that includes academic and persnal develpment bth inside and utside f the classrm in rder t prepare students fr the future. Live and learn in a cllege setting that will challenge yu t discver yur best self.
Curse Highlights
In ur prgram, students will:
•Gain an understanding f the thery f research design in STEM-related fields.
•Participate in weekly writing sessins n cllege applicatin preparatin.
•Learn mre abut cperative learning thrugh grup discussins.
•Interact with prfessinals t explre STEM majrs.
•Cmplete the Frm Student t Schlar, a curse designed t help students better understand wh they are, wh they want t be, and learn what it takes t get there.
Applicatin Requirements
T be qualified fr the SAMS Prgram, students must:
•Be in 11th grade in high schl at the time f applicatin submissin.
•Demnstrate a strng interest in STEM disciplines.
•Have an experience that demnstrates a cmmitment in cmmunity engagement.
All qualified students are welcme t apply, and we strngly encurage applicatins frm students wh are underrepresented in STEM n the basis f, but nt limited by:
•Being raised in a hme where English was a secnd language.
•Currently attending a high schl with histrically lw rates f admittance t premier institutins.
•Identifying as first-generatin cllege students whse parent (s) did nt attend cllege.
25. The SAMS Prgram helps students ________.
A. design STEM cursesB. experience cllege life
C. adapt t classrm learningD. get alng with undergraduates
26. In the SAMS Prgram, students will ________.
A. frm better self-awareness
B. cnduct their wn research
C. cmplete their cllege applicatin
D. assist experts in grup discussins
27. Which is a requirement fr the SAMS Prgram applicants?
A. Graduating frm a tp lcal high schl.
B. Cming frm a nn- native English family.
C. Having previus invlvement in cmmunity wrk.
D. Being children f parents withut cllege educatin.
B
Running has always been my way t just breathe. It used t be that when I ran, my bdy sped frward, but my mind fund a rare stillness, making me feel strng, grunded, clear- headed and free.
That changed during the third year f my undergraduate when I was deeply hurt by smene I trusted — smene I cnsidered a friend. Almst vernight, I withdrew frm the scial persn I nce was. I felt I needed t find a way t deal with it n my wn. Running late at nights and in early mrnings became my shelter frm that bad memry. I was searching fr a cure in the ache f my muscles and the burn f my lungs. I ran faster and harder, thinking that maybe if I abused my bdy, the pain wuld g away. I pushed distances and limits I had never tried befre. That fall, I signed up fr a full marathn.
I remember the mment my right knee gave ut 4 mnths int my training. A sharp pain hit. I cllapsed and cried, releasing tears I had held back fr mnths. I culd n lnger put pressure n my right knee. Gradually, as I recvered, I started running again. T my surprise, I felt a shift, subtle (不易察觉) at first. My runs, nce fuelled by pain, became quieter. The rad didn’t demand as much frm me. A small, barely heard vice inside me said, “Enugh.” I n lnger needed t run fr the hurt. I had learned t live with it, and t carry the pain withut letting it cnsume r define me.
I switched t running a half marathn t allw my bdy t recver and began running alngside friends and jining wmen’s running grups. When I crssed the finish line, it wasn’t a release but rather a recgnitin f the strength I had always carried. Unstpping. I felt like myself again. It taught me t pause, t ask myself what I run fr, and t learn t be kind t the bdy that carries me every step f the way.
28. What made the authr avid scializing?
A. The need fr running.B. The search fr freedm.
C. The pursuit f a clear mind.D. The harm frm a friend.
29. Why did the authr run faster and harder?
A. T ease her suffering.B. T train her muscles.
C. T unlck her ptential.D. T fight fr a marathn.
30. As fr running, hw did the authr feel after her knee’s injury?
A. Excited.B. Challenged.C. Relieved.D. Disappinted.
31. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Lve is a verb. Act it ut.
B. Think twice befre yu mve.
C. Yu hld the seed f yur rebirth.
D. Success is built n fcus, nt fear.
C
A Natinal Institutes f Health (NIH) prject that studied ver a hundred yung peple as they grew up during the 1990s shwed that ur brains underg a massive rerganizatin between ur 12th and 25th years. The brain desn’t actually grw very much during this perid. It has already reached 90 percent f its full size by the time a persn is six. But as we mve thrugh adlescence, the brain underges extensive remdeling, resembling a netwrk and wiring upgrade.
Beatriz Luna, prfessr f University f Pittsburgh, used neurimaging t study the teen brain. Luna scanned the brains f children, teens, and twentysmethings while they perfrmed a specific task. They view a screen n which the red crsshairs at the center ccasinally disappear just as a light flashes elsewhere n the screen. The instructins are t nt lk at the light and instead t lk in the ppsite directin. A sensr detects any eye mvement.
Ten-year-lds fail abut 45 percent f the time. Teens d much better. What Luna fund mst interesting, hwever, was nt thse scres. It was the brain scans she tk while peple tk the test. Cmpared with adults, teens tended t make less use f brain regins that spt errrs, plan, and stay fcused — areas the adults seemed t bring nline autmatically. This let the adults use a variety f brain resurces and better resist distractins, while the teens used thse areas less ften and mre readily gave in t the impulse t lk at the flashing light. This helps explain why teens behave with such annying incnsistency: attracting at breakfast, disgusting at dinner; masterful n Mnday, sleepwalking n Saturday.
Meanwhile, take inspiratin in ne last distinctin f the teen brain — a final key t bth its awkwardness and its remarkable adaptability. This is the lasting plasticity f thse late-develping frntal areas as they slwly mature. And at first glance this seems like bad news: If we need these areas fr the cmplex task f entering the wrld, why aren’t they running at full speed when the challenges are mst discuraging?
The answer is that speed cmes at the price f flexibility. Accrding t Duglas Fields, an NIH neurscientist, “This means the perid when a brain area is getting upgraded is a srt f crucial perid f learning — nce that’s dne it’s harder t change.”
The lng, slw, back-t-frnt develpmental wave, cmpleted nly in the mid-20s, appears t be a uniquely human adaptatin. It may be ne f ur mst sequential. It can seem a bit crazy that we humans dn’t wise up a bit earlier in life. But if we smartened up sner, we’d end up mre stupid.
32. What des the underlined wrd “resembling” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. Building up. B. Lking like.
C. Breaking dwn.D. Cnnecting t.
33. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Be patient and teams can still be smarter.
B. Be fcused and we will face the wrld better.
C. Brains have the tendency t level up when needed.
D. Brains’ prcessing speed is cmprmised as they mature.
34. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T analyse the cmpsitin f human brains.
B. T find reasn fr teens’ incnsistent behaviurs.
C. T make a cntrast between teen and adult brains.
D. T explain human brains develp at a reasnable pace.
D
Ah, the wrld Oh, the wrld — Mby-Dick.
The first scientific study f sperm whales was published in 1835 by a Scttish ship dctr named Thmas Beale. Beale believed sperm whales t be silent. Herman Melville relied heavily n Beale in cmpsing Mly-Dick. “The whale has n vice,” Melville wrte. “But then again,” he went n, “what has the whale t say? Seldm have I sperm whale knwn any prfund being that had anything t say t this wrld, unless frced t speak ut smething by way f getting a living.”
The questin f whether any species pssesses a “cmmunicatin system” cmparable t that f humans is an pen and much debated ne. In the 1950s, the behavirist B. F. Skinner argued that children learn language thrugh psitive reinfrcement; therefre, ther animals shuld be able t d the same. The linguist Nam Chmsky had a different view. He dismissed the ntin that kids acquire language via cnditining, and als the pssibility that language was available t ther species.
Michael Brnstein, a cmputer scientist frm the Radcliffe Institute fr Advanced Study in Cambridge, decided t discver the meaning f sperm whales’ cdas — quick bursts f clicks prduced by the whales— which they exchange with ne anther. Thus was brn the Cetacean Translatin Initiative — Prject CETI fr shrt, which represents the mst ambitius, the mst technlgically advanced, and the mst well-funded effrt ever made t cmmunicate with anther species.
“One imprtant thing that I think will be an utcme f this prject has t d with hw we see life n land and in the ceans,” Brnstein said. “If we understand — r we have evidence, and very clear evidence in the frm f language-like cmmunicatin — that intelligent creatures are living there and that we are destrying them, that culd change the way that we apprach ur Earth. If we culd understand what they’re saying, instead f ‘save the whales’ it will be ‘saved by the whales’.”
AI shares this hpe. Or at least the AI-pwered language mdel is smart enugh t express it. Nt lng ag, suffering frm writer’s blck, I asked an AI chatbt if it culd rewrite Mby-Dick frm the whale’s perspective.
The AI chatbt wrte:
Deep in the sea, I lnged t cmmunicate with the captain, t shw him that my kind, t, had emtins and families t prtect. But the language barrier between ur wrlds remained a gap that cannt be bridged.
And the stry ends with a smewhat depressing but nt unaffected emtinal request:
I, the White Whale, culd nly wnder if there wuld ever cme a day when man and whale wuld understand each ther, finding harmny in the vastness f the cean’s embrace.
35. Why des the authr qute Herman Melville?
A. T reveal the pssibility f whales’ talking.
B. T present the ppularity f whales in literature.
C. T highlight the value f vices in making a living.
D. T prve cmmunicatin system is unique t humans.
36. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Living in agreement with nature is well underway.
B. The authr may believe Skinner mre than Chmsky.
C. AI chatbts have a big advantage ver humans in writing.
D. CETI was set up t prve ther intelligent creatures exist.
37. What des the authr intend t tell us?
A. Humans can crrect their mistake when they knw it.
B. Humans are t stubbrn t understand ther species.
C. T figure ut whether ther animals have languages is urgent.
D. We need crss language barriers t get thrugh t ther species.
38. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Lk Ahead: Hw Are Humans’ Behaviurs Affecting the Nature?
B Talk t Them: Can We Be Equipped t Speak t Anther Species?
C. Think Again: What cntributin Will AI Make t Animals’ Survival?
D. Reflect n Ourselves: Are Other Animals Seen as inferir t Humans?
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Smetimes it helps t have a “pker face”, an expressin n yur face that des nt shw what yu are thinking r feeling. ____39____ Our research shws that mving yur face in sme way may help peple warm t yu mre.
T understand why facial expressivity is s beneficial, we first need t emphasise just hw crucial scial bnding is t human survival. Thrughut mst f ur evlutinary histry, ur species has relied n tight-knit cmmunities t keep urselves fed, sheltered, and prtected frm dangerus utsiders. ____40____ Any skill r behaviur that imprved smene’s ability t create and maintain lifesaving bnds was likely t exist in ur gene pl ver the generatins. And ur research suggests that facial expressivity may fall in this categry.
____41____ Imagine meeting smene new and trying t figure ut hw gd a fit they might be as a friend, r a clleague. Yu might wnder whether yu can trust them, and whether yu can even begin t understand each ther. Smene wh is easier t read may seem t be mre appealing than smene wh is mre guarded. Simply put, being facially expressive may give thers a sense that they understand yu, which they like. This in turn supprts the suggestin that the key functin f facial expressivity is t make us mre predictable.
Furthermre, we fund that participants’ level f expressivity didn’t change acrss situatins r with different scial partners. This finding may leave yu wndering why sme peple remain cmparatively inexpressive acrss situatins. ____42____ And there culd be alternative rutes t being an attractive scial partner.
Clearly, regardless f hw expressive we tend t be verall, we can als make chices abut sharing mre f urselves in certain situatins. Being mre pen and expressive may be scary — leaving peple easy t be hurt. ____43____ S fr nw we think it’s best t leave yur pker face at the card table.
A. Hwever ur wrk shws that it cmes with rewards.
B. Managing scial relatinships was a matter f life r death.
C. Interestingly, mre agreeable peple were mre facially expressive.
D. Fr sme, the csts f revealing neself may utweigh the benefits.
E. Yu might guess that peple with cheerful expressins are best liked.
F. Why wuld facial expressivity imprve smene’s ability t build scial bnds?
G. Yet, in day-t-day life, when scializing, yu’d better let yur facial features fly free.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题；第50、51题各2分、第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Every year, as birds make their jurneys hundreds — smetimes thusands — f miles acrss whle cntinents, they attract the attentin f bird-watchers. Peple gather alng wetlands and shrelines, cld hands hlding their telescpes and excitement grwing in their stmachs.
Fr utsiders f bird-watching a bird-watcher is usually smene frm an lder generatin, such as an ld grandma sitting at her feeder lking at different birds. Hwever, accrding t the Natinal Survey f Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Assciated recreatin, there were 4.7 millin yung bird-watchers in 2016 and 10. 8 millin in 2022.
Why exactly has this rapid grwth happened? Technlgy may be the real gateway these days. Families might intrduce yung peple t bird-watching, but apps and scial media netwrks are helping them keep up their cmmitment t the hbby. Once interested, teenagers find the benefits f bird-watching are truly nticeable: it helps them get access t the traditinal recreatin and bradens their understanding f ecsystems.
Teenage bird-watchers are finding their wn digital way int a very traditinal and meaningful activity. Sadie Csby, a 17-year-ld senir in Richmnd, recgnizes the appeal f nline bird-watching platfrms. She’s even part f a unique nline chat grup that sends messages when there is a rare bird in the area. Althugh Csby says she prefers t bird-watch alne and uses it as a way t discnnect, she als enjys being cnnected t ther bird-watchers nline. “I think because we’re kind f the smartphne generatin, it’s easier fr us t relate t bird-watching thrugh all f the platfrms,” says Csby.
Csby is just a member f a much larger and clsely netwrked cmmunity f yung bird-watchers. And thugh they share much in cmmn with lder generatins f bird-watchers when it cmes t their passin fr and enjyment f the hbby, they als have a distinct advantage ver the elders: being better at using digital tls t imprve their bird-watching experience.
44. Fr utsiders f bird-watching, what kind f persn is usually a bird-watcher?
_____________________________________________________________
45. What are the benefits f bird-watching fr teenagers?
_____________________________________________________________
46. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
➢Yung bird-watchers share much in cmmn with the elders in terms f their passin fr and enjyment f the hbby, but the elders hld a clear advantage ver the yung.
_____________________________________________________________
47. Besides bird-watching, what ther hbby wuld yu like t develp in Csby’s way? And hw can yu develp it? (In abut 40 wrds)
_____________________________________________________________
第二节(20分)
48. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的外国好友Jim正在组织“AI‘复活’有积极影响力的伟大人物”的活动，他发来邮件邀请你参加。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1. 简要介绍你想“复活”的人；
2. 说明你想“复活”他/她的理由。
提示词：复活bring... back t life
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
submit frequent prpse strike reliable
prceed t disturb get rid f be dedicated t in an attempt t