专题 33 其它题型（任务型阅读+写作概要+阅读表达）- 十年（2014-2023）高考真题英语分项汇编（全国通用）

这是一份专题 33 其它题型（任务型阅读+写作概要+阅读表达）- 十年（2014-2023）高考真题英语分项汇编（全国通用），文件包含专题33其它题型任务型阅读+写作概要+阅读表达解析卷--学易金卷十年2014-2023高考真题英语分项汇编全国通用1docx、专题33其它题型任务型阅读+写作概要+阅读表达解析卷--学易金卷十年2014-2023高考真题英语分项汇编全国通用docx、专题33其它题型任务型阅读+写作概要+阅读表达学生卷--学易金卷十年2014-2023高考真题英语分项汇编全国通用1docx、专题33其它题型任务型阅读+写作概要+阅读表达学生卷--学易金卷十年2014-2023高考真题英语分项汇编全国通用docx等4份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共278页， 欢迎下载使用。
2023年
【2023年北京卷】阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Habit frmatin is the prcess by which behaviurs becme autmatic. Peple develp cuntless habits as they explre the wrld, whether they are aware f them r nt. Understanding hw habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin. A persn is thught t develp a habit in the curse f pursuing gals by beginning t assciate certain cues(刺激) with behaviural respnses that help meet the gal. Over time, thughts f the behaviur and ultimately the behaviur itself are likely t be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit lp(环)” is a way f describing several related elements that prduce habits. These elements are called the cue, the rutine, and the reward. Fr example, stress culd serve as a cue that ne respnds t by eating, which prduces the reward﹣the reductin f stress. While a rutine invlves repeated behaviur, it’s nt necessarily perfrmed in respnse t a deep﹣rted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult t shake, and healthy habits are ften harder t develp. But thrugh repetitin, it’s pssible t frm new habits. The amunt f time needed t build a habit will depend n multiple factrs, including the individual and the intended behaviur. While yu are able t pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many mnths t build a healthy habit. Take sme time t think abut what leads t bad habits and re﹣evaluate what yu get ut f them (r dn’t). Cnsider and keep in mind why yu want t make a change, including hw the change reflects yur values.
40. Hw are habits built?
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41. In what way is a rutine different frm a habit?
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42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time.
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43. What benefit(s) have yu gt frm ne f yur gd habits?(In abut 40 wrds)
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2022年
Writing 1
【2022年天津卷第二次】It was a dark and strmy night. The fercius wind shk the windws wildly, as thugh smene utside were beating n the glass. It was als New Year’s Eve. We were having ur annual party and had a huse full f peple just starting t celebrate.
Suddenly, we heard lud explsins. Lking utside and up int the hills, we saw sparks(火花) flying frm electrical transfrmers(变压器). One area after anther went dark up in thse hills. Then there was the ludest explsin f them all and ur huse went dark t. I tried t find every candle we had and lit them. The candles made everything lk lvely. But we had prblems. We had fifteen peple standing arund and we still had t ck dinner. Hw wuld we d that withut electricity?
The barbecue! Why nt ck n the barbecue? We men went utside, sme hlding flashlights and thers cking. We did a wnderful jb. The wmen stayed inside and gt the salads ready. Everything was delicius. There were still a few hurs t g befre the beginning f the new year, s we all sat arund the dining rm table and sang up until a few minutes befre midnight. We culdn’t watch the ball drp in Times Square n televisin but that wuldn’t stp us frm celebrating. I std n a chair and, with the help f smene’s watch t tell us the time, we all cunted dwn and I drpped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn’t need electricity fr that!
Nwadays, we still get tgether with the same grup t celebrate the New Year and we still talk abut that special night. I dn’t think we have ever laughed s much as we did n that New Year’s Eve.
56. What des the underlined wrd mean in Paragraph 1? (1 wrd)
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57. What made dinner preparatin difficult accrding t Paragraph 2? (n mre than 6 wrds)
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58. Hw did the peple celebrate n New Year’s Eve accrding t the passage? (n mre than 10 wrds)
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59. Hw des the authr feel abut that particular New Year’s Eve? (n mre than 8 wrds)
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60. What d yu think is the mst necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situatin? Please explain why. (n mre than 25wrds)
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Writing 2
【2022年北京卷】Tm, a 15-year-ld inventr and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his wn schl the widespread cnsumptin f sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had t be a better prtable drink slutin and decided t innvate frm smething he saw in his wn hme: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tm watched his mum make healthy fruit infusins but then struggle fr a take-alng ptin. Frm bserving his mum and frm his desire t give kids better drink ptins, he came up with his riginal mdel fr the Fun Bttle. “I wanted t cme up with a healthy, natural way fr peple t drink when n the g. A big part f my missin is t get peple f all ages ff sugary drinks,” Tm explains.
The bttle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allws the great tastes and natural sugars f the varius fruits and vegetables yu chse t cme thrugh the water, withut any f the seeds r skins flwing thrugh.
Tm is prud f his design and excited t be selling the Fun Bttle n his website and in stres, but this 15-year-ld is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers. It helps t prvide healthy alternatives t sugary drinks; and als Tm dnates part f the prfits t the Organisatin fr a Healthier Generatin (OHG).
Tm has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innvatr remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give ther entrepreneurial yuth, he says, “Prepare and have yur family’s supprt. It is imprtant t knw frm the beginning that there are a lt f highs and lws, and there is n such thing as vernight success.”
40. What did Tm witness at his wn schl?
41. Where did Tm get the idea fr the riginal mdel fr the Fun Bttle?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement then underline it and explain why.
Tm is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers because he nt nly prvides healthy alternatives t sugary drinks but als dnates all the prfits t the OHG.
43. Amng Tm’s qualities, which ne(s) d yu think will be imprtant fr us? Why?(In abut 40 wrds)
2021年
Writing 1
【2021年北京卷】Recent research suggests that if an argument gets reslved，the emtinal respnse tied t it is significantly reduced r almst cmpletely erased．Thus，it may be wrth bringing up issues with yur friends， family members，r classmates rather than hlding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that yu and yur ppnent present yur cncerns and discuss the feelings and issues related t thse cncerns．Yu can engage in an argument respectfully withut stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，hwever，usually invlves persnal attacks，raising f vices， and strming ut．Discussing yur issues and reslving them instead f stuffing them dwn can imprve yur emtinal health．In a study，2.000 peple were asked t recrd their feelings and experiences fr eight days in a rw．When peple had an argument that they cnsidered reslved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） f thse wh avided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emtins r a decrease in psitive emtins．In ther wrds，reslving an argument cuts yur negative feelings by half．One day later， peple wh had a reslved argument reprted n increase f negative emtins cmpared with thse wh avided an argument． This means that reslving an argument can feel like yu have reached a state f reslutin——and yu are less likely t be annyed．
Mrever，the lder yu are，the mre likely yu will cme t a reslutin after an argument．This may be because mre life experience usually leads t mre defined pririties．Yu are mre likely t distinguish between what matters and what des nt．
It is easier t avid a discussin，but risking talking abut it may eventually lead t a better utcme．
40. Accrding t this passage，what is arguing？
41. Why is it that“the lder yu are， the mre likely yu will cme t a reslutin after an argument”？
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement，then underline it and explain why．
Reslving arguments can imprve yur emtinal health，because it increases yur reactivity and reduces the chance f yu getting angry．
43. In additin t imprving emtinal health，what d yu think are sme ther benefits f reslving an argument？ （In abut 40 wrds）
Writing 2
【2021年天津卷第一次】I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhd was filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure f creatin.
Smewhere alng the way, hwever, I lst tuch with my creative self. At 21, I landed a jb at a big insurance cmpany ut f my business degree. I wuld g t the ffice, sit at my desk and repeat the same wrk five days a week 9 t 5. The days were lng and tedius. Wrking this way fr ne year was painful enugh, let alne a lifetime. Befre lng I decided t make a change.
One thing I had develped an interest in was sewing, s I tk a sewing curse at a cmmunity cllege. It was nly a five-week curse but it awakened my interest and gt my cnfidence up.
As I dreamt bigger, I began lking int cllege curses fr Fashin Design and three mnths later I signed up fr a part-time design curse. I attended classes tw nights a week. Althugh exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
As it became clearer that fashin was what I wanted t d full time, the reality f my day-t-day wrk at the insurance cmpany became harder. I felt bred. N energy, n mtivatin and zer fulfilment (满足感).
I knew I needed t make a bigger change. After struggling fr quite a while, I made a difficult decisin—leaving my jb and studying my design curse full time. Tw years later I gt my diplma.
The last few years have been exciting because I’ve been fllwing my heart t d what I lve. Tday I am living a creative life as the designer f my wn fashin brand.
Smetimes it’s hard t make a change, but I’m s glad I set the wheels f change in mtin with that very small first step because it has led me t where I am tday.
56．What was the authr interested in when she was a little girl? (n mre than 10 wrds)
57．What des the underlined wrd in Paragraph 2 mean? (1 wrd)
58．Hw did the authr feel when she was taking the part-time design curse? (n mre than 10 wrds)
59．What did the authr d t get back t her creative life? Give tw f the facts. (n mre than 15 wrds)
60．D yu cnsider the authr as yur rle mdel? Please explain. (n mre than 20 wrds)
Writing 3
【2021年天津卷第二次】Mst f us assciate learning with yunger peple—kids in schl and cllege r recent graduates early in their careers. But at Udemy, an pen university ffering nline curses, Artist Anneke Camstra is engaged in the pursuit f lifelng learning and displays her ptential fbr teaching. She lves the experience f gaining new knwledge and als lves sharing it with thers. “I’m retired, but an artist never retires,” Anneke said. “The last few years n the internet have been a great jy fr me. I’ve taken s many Udemy curses, and ifs such a great feeling t get my brain wrking again. I find just as much satisfactin in teaching animatin(动画制作)t.”
She reaches cuntless peple with her nline curses and expses them t what they can accmplish n their wn using animatin sftware, such as GAnimate and PwTn. Her mtivatin fbr teaching n Udemy is “t get the tls t the peple.”“Yu can g such a lng way t make things that lk prfessinal but still have yur wn vice,” she explained.
Mst f Anneke’s students start ut thinking they’re nt creative and can’t draw. Anneke understands hw fear can get in the way f s many things peple dream f ding. With her five-day challenge curses, she helps them get ver the fear. Anneke lves the impact she has n her students. What makes her mre prud f them is that they have gne frm their first animatin t creating their wn wrks.
She encurages peple f all ages, especially lder peple, t cultivate their curisity fr life. Grandparents, fr example, can learn t use GAnimate and make animatins tgether with their grandkids.
“Tm an lder wman, teaching and having fun learning again,” Anneke said, and she wants thers later in their lives t catch up with her n this jurney.
56. What des Anneke enjy ding after her retirement? (n mre than 10 wrds)
57. Accrding t Para. 2, what des Anneke expect her students t d with animatin sftware? (n mre than 10 wrds)
58. What is the main idea f Para. 3? (n mre than 15 wrds)
59. Please explain the meaning f the underlined wrd in Para. 4(1 wrd)
60. What d yu suggest ld peple learn t d? Please give yur reasn(s). (n mre than 20 wrds)
2020年
Writing 1
【2020年天津卷第一次】I remember the day shyness tk ver my life. I was 14 and having a French lessn The teacher tld us t recrd urselves speaking abut a hliday. Perfect！ I recrded myself with cnfidence. Then, I pressed "play" t listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reactin was t assume I was listening t smene else's recrding. But that was my vice. I realised there was smething strange abut me.
My little vice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me t avid attending events, nt make imprtant cnnectins, and keep my ideas t myself. As a shy persn, wrking frm hme, hiding behind my cmputer was brilliant. But the mre time I spent hidden away, the mre my cmfrt zne shrank（缩小）. Everyday interactins, like rdering a cffee, became increasingly awkward and uncmfrtable.
And then, ne day I was at a big cnference and it suddenly hit me like lightning. Al speakers were cnfident, cmfrtable with being seen. There were n quieter vices. But the truble is, if the lud vices are the nly nes yu hear, we quiet peple feel even mre alienated（疏远的）。 The wrld needs a mixture f persnalities. Success is nt just abut wh can shut the ludest. The wrld needs quieter peple, t. That day I chse t stp hiding and embrace my shyness. N mre feeling like I needed t change wh I am in rder t succeed. N mre living a small life.
Then I created the Shy and Mighty Sciety, a space fr shy peple like me t shine, and in the prcess f helping thers, I culd als push myself frward, bit by bit. Nw, I'm happy t tell peple I feel shy. I'm nt ashamed any mre. And I knw that I’m nt alne.
56. Why did the authr feel strange abut herself after listening t the recrding? （n mre than 10 wrds）
57. What is the main idea f Para.2? （n mre than 10 wrds
58. What des the underlined wrd in Para.3 mean? （1 wrd）
59. Why did the authr create the Shy and Mighty Sciety? （n mre than 10 wrds）
60. Suppse yu are in charge f the Shy and Mighty Sciety, what will yu d t help ther shy peple? And why? （n mre than 20 wrds）
Writing 2
【2020年天津卷第二次】As any yunger brther will tell yu, having a big brther invlves a lt f walking in smene else’s shadw, especially when yu have a brther wh is a typical example f “cl”. Fr years I wanted t d everything my elder brther Tysn did, but n matter hw hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) ne. My legs just weren’t made t run like his. I culd never play ftball r basketball well.
I prbably wuld have cntinued trying t keep up with him fr the rest f my high schl career, but when my family mved, everything changed. Tysn left fr cllege, s I had t start at a new schl all by myself. This new start gave me an pprtunity t redefine myself and discver an entirely new versin f “cl”.
I dn’t knw what made me decide t try sme new activities at the new schl, but ne day I chanced t shw up fr an after-schl meeting f the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, bilgy, and math, but since thse interests hadn’t fit Tysn’s definitin f “cl”, I had never pursued them. On this day, fr sme reasn, I did.
As we rganized teams, prepared resurces and practiced answering questins, I felt mre cnnected than I ever had t any sprts team. I didn’t feel as thugh I needed t keep up with anybdy else; I was finally with peers wh understd me. It was s gd t feel accepted fr what I’m gd at. Fr the first time in my life, I actually felt cl. Nw I knw wh I am! I’m Tysn’s little brther, but that’s nly part f my identity. I’m a cl guy in my wn way, t. I’m relieved t knw that “cl” has a much brader definitin than what I used t think.
56. Hw d yu understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? (n mre than 8 wrds)
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57. What changes ffered a new start t the authr after his family mved? (n mre than 15 wrds)
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58. Accrding t Paragraph 3, what marked the turning pint in the authr’s grwth? (n mre than 7 wrds)
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59. What des Paragraph 4 mainly talk abut? (n mre than 10 wrds)
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60. What is yur example f “cl”? Please explain why. (n mre than 20 wrds)
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Writing 3
【2020·江苏卷】
请阅读下面有关中国题材纪录片(dcumentary)的对话，并按照要求用英语写一篇150个词左右的文章。
【写作内容】
1.用约30个词概括上述对话的主要内容；
2.谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因(至少两点)。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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2019年
Writing 1
【2019年江苏卷】The Cst f Thinking
Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics. such as large brains and the ability t walk upright n tw legs.
The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extrardinarily large brains cmpared with ther animals. It seems bvius that evlutin shuld select fr larger brains. Mammals(哺乳动物)weighing sixty kilgrams have an average brain size f 200 cm2. Mdern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are s fnd f ur high intelligence that we assume that when it cmes t brain pwer, mre must be better. Unfrtunately, that is nt the case.
The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—cnsumptin f energy—n the bdy. I's nt easy t carry arund, especially when bxed inside a massive skull(倾骨). It's even harder t prvides energy. In mdern man, the brain accunts fr abut 2-3%f ttal bdy weight but it cnsumes 25% f the bdy's energy when the bdy is at rest. By cmparisn, the brains f apes(类人猿)require nly 8%f rest-time energy. Early humans pad fr their large brains in tw ways. Firstly, they spent mre time in search fd. Secndly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It's hardly an bvius cnclusin that this is a gd way t survive. A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can't win an argument with a mdern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag dll.
Anther unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier t find fd r enemies. In additin, their arms that are unnecessary fr mving arund are freed fr ther purpses, like thrwing stnes r signaling. As a result, humans can perfrm very cmplex tasks with their hands.
Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bne structure f ur ancestrs develped fr millins f years t supprt a creature that walked n all furs and has a relatively small head. Adjusting t an upright psitin was quite a challenge, especially when the bnes had t supprt an extra-large skull. Humankind paid fr its brad visin and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.
We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems bvius that these have made humankind the mst pwerful animal n earth. But humans enjyed all f these advantages fr a full 2 millin years during which they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans wh lived a millin years ag despite their big brains and sharp stne tls, lived in cnstant fear f meat-eating animals.
Writing2
【2019年江苏卷】Li Jiang:Have yu heard this？A grup f exchange students frm the UK are visiting ur schl next mnth.
Su Hua:Yes，I have. Sme are already recmmending the traditinal Chinese dress fr the welcme ceremny.
Li Jiang:But it seems peple have different pinins.
Su Hua:What d yu think？
Li Jiang:I think it's a gd idea. It's an pprtunity t make the Chinese culture better knwn t internatinal students.
Su Hua:I agree. But we dn't have t dress that way. That's nt ur daily style. Besides，it's nt very cnvenient.
Li Jiang:Yu see. It's the Chinese culture that the British friends are cming fr. Just the right ccasin.
Su Hua:I prefer the schl unifrm. It's nice. It's als a better display f ur schl culture.
【写作内容】
1.用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2.在上述场合，你是否倾向于穿中国传统服装？请说明理由(不少于两点)。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing 3
【2018年浙江卷11月】It’s a really gd idea t visit clleges befre yu apply because their websites can all start t lk and sund the same. Nthing will give yu the sense f what it will actually be like t live n a cllege campus(校园) like visiting and seeing fr yurself the drms, classrms and athletic equipment and, f curse, the students. It seems a little crazy nce senir year hits t find the time t visit cllege campuses, and it can als be pricey if the schls yu are applying t happen t be mre than a car ride away. But keep in mind that yu are making a decisin abut the next fur years f yur life, and d all the research yu can t make sure yu are making the right ne.
There’s n excuse nt t visit the schls in yur lcal area. In fact, a lt f cllege applicatins even ask if yu have visited campus, and bviusly, if yu live acrss the cuntry that wn’t be as much f a pssibility, but if yu live nearby, g check it ut!
If campus visits aren’t ging t happen befre yu apply, at the very least yu shuld find sme time between applying and getting yur acceptance letters t visit the schls yu’d like t attend. It can save yu a lt f heartache if yu rule ut nw the things that yu dn’t like abut certain campuses, things that yu wuldn’t knw unless yu actually visit.
Nw, if time and mney are making it impssible, then check ut the nline cllege fairs at CllegeWeekLive. It’s a chance t chat nline with admissins fficers, students, and cllege cunselrs (顾问), and it wn’t cst yu a penny! Yu can register fr its nline cllege fair at cllegeweeklive.cm. While visiting an nline cllege fair can’t take the place f an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tl that alng with all yur ther research will help yu make an infrmed decisin abut which clleges r universities yu’d like t attend.
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Writing 4
阅读表达
【2019年天津卷】Haze Mabry，wh has wrked as a schl keeper fr thirteen years，walks int the schl building every day and empties garbage cans，wipes dwn bathrms and mps wet messes in the hallways.
Last Friday，after he arrived at the schl，instead f finding garbage t clean up，he fund almst 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards，blwing nisemakers and singing a full-thrated happy birthday t him. It was his 80th. As he walked the lng hallway，sme ppped ut f lime t hug him. They handed him s many cards that they filled several large bxes. Tuched by their enthusiastic expressin f affectin. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my children，"Mabry said.
On a regular day，students at the schl smetimes cme up t him t say they're nt feeling well r ther times t tell him abut smething that happened at break. He knws mst f the kids at the schl，but can't name each ne. Sme f them make him knw them. Like Faith，wh ften frgets her backpack in the cafeteria，and Lucy，wh just wants a hug.
“He wn't brag（夸耀）n himself，but it desn't matter what he's ding r where he is，he will always stp what he's ding t take care f a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child appraches him，he will pause t give that child his undivided attentin. He's the mst lved ne in this building，"said Lri Gilreath，a reading teacher.
Mabry wrks circles arund all the students，cleaning up messes thers dn't want t tuch. He desn't expect a lt. Mabry said he hadn't planned t d much fr his milestne birthday，s he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebratin.
Over the weekend，he wrked thrugh the piles f handmade cards at his huse. One card frm a student std ut t him. It read: “Mr. Haze，yu are my sunshine.”
56. What is Mabry's daily wrk as a schl keeper？（n mre than 5 wrds）
57. Hw did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（n mre than 15 wrds）
58. What des the underlined wrd in Paragraph 2 prbably mean？（1 wrd）
59. Why is Mabry's presence at the schl imprtant？（n mre than 10 wrds）
60. Wh is the "sunshine” in yur life？Please explain. （n mre than 20 wrds）
2018年
Writing 1
【2018年江苏卷】Hw Arts Prmte Our Ecnmy
When mst peple think f the arts, they imagine the end prduct, the beautiful painting, a wnderful piece f music, r an award-winning perfrmance in the theater. But arts grups bring brader value t ur cmmunities. The ecnmic impact f the arts is ften verlked and badly judged.
The arts create jbs that help develp the ecnmy. Any given perfrmance takes a tur bus full f artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, r writers t create an appealing piece f art. These peple earn a living wage fr their prfessinal knwledge and skills.
Anther grup f flks is needed t help market the event. “If yu build it they will cme” is a misleading belief. Painters, digital media experts, phtgraphers, bking agents and prmters are hired t sell tickets and prmte the event. Accrding t the Dallas Area Cultural Advcacy Calitin, arts agencies emply mre than 10,000 peple as full-r part-time emplyees r independent cntractrs.
A successful arts neighbrhd creates a ripple effect（连锁反应）thrughut a cmmunity. In 2005, when the Bishp Arts Theatre was dnated t ur twn, the lcatin was cnsidered a pr area f twn. After investing mre than $1 millin in recnstructing the building, we began prducing a full seasn f theater perfrmances, jazz cncerts, and year-rund arts educatin prgrams in 2008. Nearly 40 percent f jazz lvers live utside f the Dallas city limits and drive r fly in t enjy an evening in the Bishp Arts District.
N dubt the theater has cntributed t the area’s develpment and ecnmic grwth. Tday, there are galleries, studis, restaurants and newly built wrk spaces where neighbrs share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture als serve as a public gd.
TeC Theatrical Prductins Inc. made use f Blmberg’s investment f $35,000 t get nearly $400,000 in public and private sectr supprt during the tw-year perid. Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses prduce $298 fr every dllar the city spends n arts prgramming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metr area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an ecnmic impact f almst $3 millin and supprt 44,000 jbs, 80 percent f which actually lie utside the arts industry, including accuntants, marketers, cnstructin wrkers, htel managers, printers, and ther kinds f art wrkers.
The arts are efficient ecnmic drivers and when they are supprted, the entire small-business cmmunity benefits.
It is wrng t assume arts grups cannt make a prfit. But in rder t stay in business, arts grups must prduce returns. If yu are a student studying the arts, chances are yu have been ill-advised t have a plan B. But thse wh truly understand the ecnmic impact and can wrk t change the patterns can create a wide range f career pssibilities.
Writing 2
阅读表达
【2018年天津卷】Sme peple live t climb the highest muntains. Sme peple live nly dreaming abut it while thers live t avid ever climbing at all. But ne thing is certain, all peple encunter muntains in their life.
When I was a little girl, my family mved t a tiny twn at the bttm f a big muntain. One day after schl, while explring the green wds f this magnificent muntain, I almst fell n a set f stairs. What culd these steps lead t? Curisity gt the best f me as I knew it wuld be starting t get dark sn. I started climbing up thse strangely mysterius steps.
I climbed and climbed. There was nthing but just green bushes and these steps. I had t reach the tp! But it was nw getting real dark. If I kept ging I might nt be able t see my way back. My mm wuld be wrried sick if I didn’t cme hme sn. S I ran back hme almst in the dark while trying nt t get t scared.
Anxiusly I went t bed dreaming abut what I wuld find at the tp f this magical muntain. Culd there be a castle up there? Maybe I wuld find a mnster(怪物). Maybe I was taking the risk f never cming back hme. Or, maybe all I wuld find was abslutely nthing! But smething inside me was ging t climb that muntain at all cst. I culd hardly wait t try this adventure again.
Nw we live in a wrld surrunded by the "can’t d" attitudes. We all fall dwn. We all have dubts and regrets. Still we must climb and dream abut what’s at the tp f ur muntain. Mnsters may appear r the night will fall. But never ever give up n yur dream! Never let anyne tell yu, "Yu can’t." Dream big and climb high!
56. What made the authr start t climb up the stairs t the muntain tp? (n mre than 5 wrds)
57. Why did the authr hurry back hme withut reaching the tp f the muntain? Give tw reasns. (n mre than 15 wrds)
58. Hw wuld yu describe the authr in terms f persnalities accrding t Paragraph 4? (n mre than 10 wrds)
59. Hw d yu understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (n mre than 5 wrds)
60. What’s yur attitude twards the "muntain" in yur life? Please explain. (n mre than 20 wrds)2017年
Writing 1
【2017年江苏卷】Ppulatin Change
Why is the wrld’s ppulatin grwing? The answer is nt what yu might think. The reasn fr the explsin is nt that peple have been reprducing like rabbits, but that peple have stpped drpping dead like flies. In 1900, peple died at the average age f 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature f the 20th century, declining birth rate culd be a defining ne f the 21st.
Statistics shw that the average number f births per wman has fallen frm 4.9 in the early 1960s t 2.5 nwadays. Furthermre, arund 50% f the wrld’s ppulatin live in regins where the figure is nw belw the replacement level ( births per wman) and almst all develped natins are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. Yu might think that develping natins wuld make up the lss(especially since 80% f the wrld’s peple nw live in such natins), but yu’d be wrng. Declining birth rate is a majr prblem in many develping regins t, which might cause catastrphic glbal shrtages f wrk frce within a few decades.
A great decline in yung wrk frce is likely t ccur in China, fr instance. What des it imply? First, China needs t underg rapid ecnmic develpment befre a ppulatin decline hits the cuntry. Secnd, if ther factrs such as technlgy remain cnstant, ecnmic grwth and material expectatins will fall well belw recent standards and this culd invite truble.
Russia is anther cuntry with ppulatin prblems that culd break its ecnmic prmise. Since 1992 the number f peple dying has been bigger than that f thse being brn by a massive 50%. Indeed fficial figures suggest the cuntry has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and peple in Russia live a shrter life nw than thse in 1961. Why is this ccurring? Nbdy is quite sure, but pr diet and abve all lng-time alchlism have much t d with it. If current trends dn’t bend, Russia’s ppulatin will be abut the size f Yemen’s by the year 2050.
In the nrth f India, the ppulatin is bming due t high birth rates, but in the suth, where mst ecnmic develpment is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in prly educated rural areas and lwest in highly educated urban areas. In ttal, 25% f India’s wrking-age ppulatin has n educatin. In 2030, a sixth f the cuntry’s ptential wrk frce culd be ttally uneducated.
One slutin is bviusly t imprt freign wrkers via immigratin. As fr the USA, it is almst unique amng develped natins in having a ppulatin that is expected t grw by 20% frm 2010-2030. Mrever, the USA has a track recrd f successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely t see a rise in the size f its wrking-age ppulatin and t witness strng ecnmic grwth ver the lnger term.
The birth rate in the 21st century may be much (71) ▲ than it was in the 20th.
It wuld be difficult fr develped cuntries t maintain the (72) ▲ f ppulatin.
Leaving aside the birth rate issue, India’s ecnmy may take ff when the cuntry achieves (78) ▲ f educatinal pprtunity.
The (76) ▲ death f Russians may result in a shrinking ppulatin, which wuld damage its ecnmic future. It wuld be better if it can change peple’s way f (77) ▲ .
T guarantee its ecnmic grwth, China needs t deal with the ppulatin issue prperly, as its wrkers are getting (75) ▲ .
Decline f the birth rate
The impact f drpping birth rate n develping cuntries may nt be (73) ▲ but disastrus.
Ppulatin and (74) ▲ pressure
The USA will increase, frm 2010-2030, its ppulatin by 20% thrugh (79) ▲ . This will (80) ▲ _ fr the lack f yung wrk frce.
American slutin
Writing 2
【2017年江苏卷】请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入（bx-ffice incme）的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Saturday Afternn. In a Shpping Centre.
Li Jiang: Hi, Su Hua. Which mvie shall we see?
Su Hua: Whatever. We’ve gt s many chices, Kung Fu Yga, Jurney t the West…Each sunds great!
Li Jiang: Yeah! And sme mvie stars are fantastic.
Su Hua: And the high-tech!...
Li Jiang: Perfect! Let’s get sme fd first. We nly have 20 minutes left.
Su Hua: N hurry. The cinema is n the same flr.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；
2. 我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法（上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点）；
3. 谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
Writing 3
阅读表达
【2017年天津卷】In the years f my grwing up, Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my hmewrk. He wuld call in advance t make sure there was n alchl at the party. I gt s angry with him fr laying dwn the law. I wuld scream, “ I hate yu!” Dad wuld yell back, “Gd! I dn’t care!” Deep dwn I knew he did.
One time at a party, I drank t much alchl and gt s sick. I said, “ Call my dad.” Next thing, Dad was carrying me t the car. I wke up the next mrning, thinking I wuld definitely be criticised. As expected, I gt a rasting, but I nw understand why I needed discipline.
Dad was 29 when he gt his big rles in films. I had an early start at the age f nine with a rle in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. Like thse early days fr Dad, I faced lts f rejectins. Wrking in such a cmpetitive industry, I’ve smetimes thught, “I can’t d this any mre.”
Once, after a trip t Hllywd, I returned t Australia s depressed and spent mnths in my bedrm painting, listening t Eckhart Tlle’s music and trying t find myself again. Dad sat me dwn and said,“Alice, I knw it’s hard, but it’s all abut persistence(坚持不懈).”
Nw I get t wrk with Dad a lt, which I lve. We are bth passinate abut acting, which cmes frm us being s interested in peple. If it weren’t fr Dad, I wuldn’t be where I am tday. He’s my biggest fan, and when yu have that in yur life yu can g a lng way.
56. What rules did Alice’s father set fr her when she was grwing up?(n mre than 15 wrds)
57. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? (n mre than 5 wrds)
58. What did Alice’s father d when she felt depressed? (n mre than 5 wrds)
59. Accrding t the last paragraph, what d Alice and her father have in cmmn? (n mre than 10 wrds)
60. What d yu think f Alice’s father? Please explain. (n mre than 20 wrds)
2016年
Writing 1
【2016年江苏卷】An Extensin f the Human Brain
Other peple can help us cmpensate fr ur mental and emtinal deficiencies (欠缺), much as a wden leg can cmpensate fr a physical deficiency. T be exact, ther peple can extend ur intelligence and help us understand and adjust ur emtins. When anther persn helps us in such ways, he r she is participating in what I’ve called a "scial prsthetic (义肢的) system." Such systems d nt need t perate face-t-face, and it’s clear t me that the Internet is expanding the range f my wn scial prsthetic systems. It’s already a big bank f many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memry and judgment.
Regarding memry: Once I lk up smething n the Internet, I dn’t need t keep all the details fr future use — I knw where t find that infrmatin again and can quickly and easily d s. Mre generally, the Internet functins as if it were my memry. This functin f the Internet is particularly striking when I’m writing; I’m n lnger cmfrtable writing if I’m nt cnnected t the Internet. It’s becme natural t check facts as I write, taking a minute r tw t dip int PubMed, Wikipedia, r ther websites.
Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. Fr example, when I’m writing a textbk, it has becme secnd nature t check a dzen definitins f a key term, which helps me dig int the cre and understand its meaning. But mre than that, I nw regularly cmpare my views with thse f many thers. If I have a "new idea," I nw quickly lk t see whether smebdy else has already thught f it, r smething similar — and I then cmpare what I think with what thers have thught. This certainly makes my wn views clearer. Mrever, I can find ut whether my reactins t an event are reasnable enugh by reading abut thse f thers n the Internet.
These effects f the Internet have becme even mre striking since I’ve begun using a smartphne. I nw regularly pull ut my phne t check a fact, watch a vide, read weib. Such activities fill the spaces that used t be dead time (such as waiting fr smebdy t arrive fr a lunch meeting).
But that’s the upside(好处). The dwnside is that in thse dead perids I ften wuld let my thughts flw and smetimes wuld have an unexpected insight r idea. Thse pprtunities are nw fewer and farther between.
Writing 2
【2016年江苏卷】In recent years, internet vting has becme increasingly ppular in China. Peple nt nly cast n-line vtes themselves, but als urge thers t vte fr cmpetitins like the "Mst Beautiful Teacher" and the "Cutest Baby".
Li Jiang, a high schl student, is invited t vte in the "Best Plice Officer" cmpetitin, rganized by the lcal gvernment t let the public have a better understanding f plice fficers’ daily wrk. Li Jiang visits the website and reads all the stries. He is deeply mved by their glrius deeds. He is already thinking f becming a pliceman himself in the future.
Su Hua is invited by his uncle t vte fr his cusin in the "Future Singer" cmpetitin. He has already received three similar invitatins this week. His uncle tells him that if his cusin wins the cmpetitin, the family will win an verseas tur fr free. Su Hua likes his cusin very much, but he finds ther singers perfrm even better. T vte, r nt t vte? This is a questin that trubles him very much.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2. 用约120个单词阐述你对网络投票的看法，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
Writing 3
【2016年上海卷】 Walking will be banned n escalatrs as part f a trail designed t reduce cngestin(拥堵) at sme f the cuntry’s busiest statins.
In the first mve f its kind, all travelers will be frced t stand n bth sides f escalatrs n the Lndn Undergrund as part f a plan t increase capacity(容量) at the height f the rush hur.
A six-mnth trial will be intrduced at Hlbrn statin frm mid-April, eliminating the rule f standing n the right and walking n the left. The mve, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hng Kng, is designed t increase the number f peple using lng escalatrs at the busiest times . It culd be expanded acrss the Tube netwrk in cming years.
Accrding t Lndn Undergrund, nly 40 percent f travelers walk the full length f lng escalatrs, leaving the majrity at the bttm as they wait t get n t the ＂standing ＂side.
A three-week trial at Hlbrn last year fund that the number f peple using escalatrs at any time f culd be raised by almst a third. Peter McNaught, peratins directr at Lndn Undergrund, said: ＂It may nt seem right that yu can g quicker by standing still, but ur experiments at Hlbrn have prved that it can be true. This new six-mnth trial will help us find ut if we can influence custmers t stand n bth sides in the lng term.＂
Hlbrn has ne f the lngest sets f escalatrs n the Undergrund netwrk at 23.4 high. Tube bsses claim that capacity was limited because s few peple wanted t walk up—meaning nly ne side was used at all times. Research has shwn that it is mre effective use f escalatrs ver 18.5 t ban walking.
The previus trial fund that escalatrs at the statin nrmally carried 2,500 peple between 8:30am and 9:30am n a typical day, rising t 3,250 during the researching perid.
In the new trial, which will be launched frm April 18, ne f three ＂up＂ escalatrs will be standing nly, with a secnd banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix f walking and standing.
(Nte: Answering the questins r cmplete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
78. What is the existing prblem with standing n the right and walking n the left?
79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Hlbrn statin prve?
80.The research suggests that walking shuld be frbidden n escalatrs that are at least _________ in height.
81. In the new trail, in additin t ne escalatr banning walking in rush hurs, the ther ＂up＂ escalatrs will be used fr_________________.
Writing 4
阅读表达
【2016年天津卷】I’m a 34-year-ld man, married, lived in a nice huse, and have a successful career as an educatinal cnsultant. But my life was nt always s great. I had a learning disability frm an early age. I went t a special schl where I gt plenty f extra help. Still, I suffered the rest f my schl days in public schls.
My life imprved remarkably when I discvered art. The art wrld gave me a chance t express myself withut wrds. I went t a wrkshp and gradually gt gd at making things with clay(黏土). Here I learned my first imprtant lessn: disabled as I was in language, I culd still be smart and well express myself with clay. And my cnfidence came alng.
I gt my next lessn frm rck climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared frm the start. I sn nticed it wasn’t a talent thing; it was practice. S I did it mre. After abut five years f climbing, I fund myself in Ysemite Valley n a big wall. I learned that if yu fall in lve with smething and d it all the time, yu will get better at it.
Later I decided t apply my previus experience t learning hw t read and write. Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used t avid as much as pssible. After tw hard years, I was literate.
Having gne thrugh the lng prcess with art, rck climbing, and reading and writing, nw I’ve gt t a pint in my life where I knw I am smart enugh t dive int an area that is ttally unknwn, hard, but interesting.
56. What made the authr’s schl days difficult? (N mre than 5 wrds)
57. Why did art give the authr cnfidence? (N mre than 10 wrds)
58. What lessn did the authr learn frm rck climbing? (N mre than 15 wrds)
59. What is the meaning f the underlined part in Paragraph 4? (N mre than 5 wrds)
60. Hw des the authr’s stry inspire yu t vercme difficulties in life? Put it in yur wn wrds. (N mre than 20 wrds)
2015年
Writing 1
【2015年安徽卷】阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Pup a grup f strangers in a rm tgether, and they’ll prbably start a cnversatin. "Ht tday, isn’t it?" ne might say. "Yu said it," anther replies.
Why d we talk s much abut the weather? When we meet new peple, we dn’t begin by telling them ur life stry. We start with small talk, a plite cnversatin abut smething like traffic r weather.
Research suggests that small talk can build new friendships. When we begin cnversatins with new peple, we want t feel cmfrtable, and s d they. We use small talk t find cmmn interests. Once we have a cmmn interest, a friendship can begin.
Small talk even helps peple get hired. In rder t impress at a jb interview, yu need t bnd with the interviewer right away. Prper small talk can make that first impressin get yu the jb.
S, hw can yu make small talk lead t a new friendship r jb? First ff, find cmmn grund. Select smething arund yu that yu share with the ther persn.
Next, keep the cnversatin ging. Cmpliment (赞美) the ther persn t make him r her feel cmfrtable, and ask questins t shw interest.
Third, keep eye cntact (接触). When yu lk peple in the eye, they feel yu appreciate what they are saying. It makes yu appear hnest and builds trust.
Naturally, shy peple might nt have enugh cnfidence t start up cnversatins with strangers. Talking t smene yu dn’t knw is nt the easiest thing t d! Sme experts say with mre practice, small talk des get easier.
Sme peple avid small talk because they dislike discussing things like traffic r weather. Fr them, they are just t small. Hwever, when yu think abut it, small talk is anything but small. In fact, it is actually a very big deal!
Writing 2
【2015年广东卷】请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
首先阅读下列活动介绍：
请根据以下人物介绍选择他们可能参加的活动：
46.Edward Lenard Nrtn, cnnisseur f Chinese and Japanese antiques. He has a strng interest in classical Chinese literary wrks. He even starts ging t evening classes t learn classical Chinese at Clumbia University.
47.Daphne Sui-yuan Tan, frmer directr f Natinal Assciatin f Phtgraphers. After reading sme histry bks n hw the first grup f Chinese immigrants survived in America f the 19th century, she has becme keen n her wn family histry and that f thers.
48.Sharn Cllins, pp singer and amateur phtgrapher. Her marriage with a serius music critic has drawn her t his wrld, s she is nw crazy abut classical music and will nt miss any chance t attend a cncert with her husband.
49.Michelle Higgins, eminent phtgrapher and clumnist fr quite a few internatinally-knwn travel magazines. Recently, she has shwn great interest in pht exhibits which feature yung artists with Islamic r Chinese backgrund.
50.Carline Hug, famus writer and influential mvie critic. Last year her fantasy stry which invlved the mysterius Frbidden City received critical acclaim. Nw she is cnceiving a rmance that has Shanghai f the 1930s as the setting.
Writing 3
【2015年广东卷】阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
On the first day f her wrk, Sally fund that a class full f prblems was waiting fr her. Six teachers had quit befre her. When she walked int the classrm, it was chas: tw bys were fighting in the far crner, yet the rest f the class seemed nt t ntice them; sme girls were chatting and sme were running abut; paper, fd packages and ther garbage were littered arund... Just when she was abut t speak, a student rushed in and pushed her aside! He was twenty minutes late!
Sally walked nt the platfrm, picked up a piece f chalk and wrte n the blackbard: "Rule 1: We are family!" All students stpped t lk at her. And she cntinued with Rule 2,Rule the fllwing weeks, Sally wrked ut 10 class rules and psted them n the walls f the classrm. She patiently explained all the rules t the students and required everyne t fllw them.
Surprisingly, Sally was nt driven ut like the frmer teachers; instead, she wn respect frm the students. Over the year, she witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduatin ceremny, just as she expected, she was very prud t stand with a class f care, manners and cnfidence.
[写作内容]
1.用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2.用约120个词就班规谈谈你的想法，内容包括：
(1)你们班最突出的问题是什么?[来源:学。科。网]
(2)针对该问题你会设计一条什么班规?
(3)你认为该班规会带来什么影响?
[写作要求]
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文的句子。
2.作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
[来源:Writing 4
【2015年湖南卷】 Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the infrmatin frm the passage
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS fr each answer.
Nt all print dictinaries are the same, as yu will ntice when yu select ne. T make a wise selectin, yu shuld knw hw t distinguish amng three kinds f print dictinaries: pcket, desk, and unabridged. Yu shuld als knw the date f yur dictinary, and check its special features.
A pcket dictinary is small. Generally, it cntains n mre than 75,000 entries, making it handy t carry t class and efficient t use. Hwever, a pcket dictinary desn’t cntain enugh entries t be adequate fr cllege reference hmewrk. In additin, the infrmatin abut each wrd in a pcket dictinary is generally limited. A desk dictinary is medium-sized, generally cntaining ver 170,000 entries as well as extra features. Fr cllege wrk yu shuld wn a current desk dictinary. An unabridged dictinary is a cmplete dictinary. Abridged dictinaries, such as pcket and desk dictinaries, are shrtened. Because unabridged dictinaries cntain nearly all English wrds, they are large and heavy. They are ften used by schls and libraries.
If the date f yur current dictinary shws that it was published five r mre years ag, cnsider investing in a mre recent editin. English is a dynamic language that admits new wrds and recgnizes changes in meaning, spelling, and usage f familiar wrds. This is reflected in an up-t-date dictinary.
In selecting a dictinary, check the features it ffers besides vcabulary definitins. Many editins cntain signs, symbls and freign wrds. Sme als cntain CD-ROMs and access t special nline features.
Writing 5
【2015年湖南卷】Walk Out f the Cmfrt Zne and Try New Things
Fr mst high schl students, free perids are useless. Frm what I have seen, few d hmewrk; instead many are n their phnes and talking, making it impssible fr thse wh actually want t d wrk t cmplete any. As a senir next year, I think extra perids shuld be used t take ptinal subjects.
Our schl ffers many classes. Nw is the time t experiment in different fields f study. We will never knw if we are interested r talented in a subject if we dn’t try it.
In my 8th grade, I was tld that I had t take an art class as a graduatin requirement; s in the 9th grade I tk Studi and Art. One f the prjects was t build a clay pt, but I built mine incrrectly, s it brke in the kiln (窑). I fund ut that I have n artistic ability at all, and nw I knw fr sure that I d nt want t be an artist. Hwever, the class was ne f my favrites that year. I was able t try new activities and test my ability.
Walk ut f ur cmfrt zne and try new things! Cllege is when we shuld fcus n a specific majr, but high schl is when we have t figure it ut.
Half f all cllege students change their majr at sme pint. By ding that hundreds f dllars are wasted n classes that they wuld have never needed t take. S use ur extra perids t find ut what we want t d in cllege. The classes we chse can impact us in the future. Taking ptinal subjects will enrich ur mind. It will als shw clleges we are diverse students.
81. Hw shuld we use ur extra perids in the authr’s pinin?(N mre than 9 wrds) (2 marks)

82. Why des the authr think we shuld experiment in different fields f study?(N mre than 17 wrds) (2 marks)

83. Why did the clay pt shw the authr’s lack f artistic ability?(N mre than 10 wrds) (3 marks)

84. Accrding t the authr, hw will taking ptinal subjects impact us in the future?(N mre than 13 wrds) (3 marks)

Writing 6
【2015年江苏卷】Peple select news in expectatin f a reward. This reward may be either f tw kinds. One is related t what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the ther t what he calls the Reality Principle. Fr want f better names, we shall call these tw classes immediatereward and delayed reward.
In general, the kind f news which may be expected t give immediate reward are news f crime and crruptin, accidents and disasters, sprts, scial events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected frm news f public affairs, ecnmic matters, scial prblems, science, educatin, and health.
News f the first kind pays its rewards at nce. A reader can enjy an indirect experience withut any f the dangers r stresses invlved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little stry f children r dgs.
News f the secnd kind, hwever, pays its rewards later. It smetimes requires the reader t tlerate unpleasantness r annyance — as, fr example, when he reads f the threatening freign situatin, the munting natinal debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce husing, and cancer. It has a kind f "threat value." It is read s that the reader may be infrmed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself int the wrld f surrunding reality t which he can adapt himself nly by hard wrk. When he selects news f the ther kind, he usually withdraws frm the wrld f threatening reality tward the dream wrld.
Fr any individual, f curse, the bundaries f these tw classes are nt stable. Fr example, a scilgist may read news f crime as a scial prblem, rather than fr its immediate reward. A cach may read a sprts stry fr its threat value: he may have t play that team next week. A plitician may read an accunt f his latest successful public meeting, nt fr its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an accunt f a party. In any given stry f crruptin r disaster, a thughtful reader may receive nt nly the immediate reward f indirect experience, but als the delayed reward f infrmatin and preparedness. Therefre, while the divisin f categries hlds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any stry frm ne kind f reading t anther, r divide the experience between the tw kinds f reward.
Writing 7
【2015年江苏卷】
81.请阅读下面文字及图表,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章.
[写作内容]
1. 用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2. 结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因；
3. 根据你的分析，从社会规范(rules and regulatins)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不
少于两点)。
[写作要求]
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
[评分标准]
内容完整，语言规范,语篇连贯，词数适当。
Writing 8
【2015年四川卷】 阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题，请清楚问题后的词数要求。
It was a ht summer day that fund me running dwn the street with a dllar in my sweaty hand.The clser I gt t Sam & Je's Statinery Stre, the mre excited I was. After all, a dllar was a tidy sum fr an 11-year-ld by in 1961.
Out f breath, I swung pen the dr and gt a blast f cld air that instantly cled me ff. I was in a place f pure happiness. Sam & Je's had it all — bks, candy, tys, baseball cards，puzzles and games. I went directly t the bar and rdered a bttle f sda. There I sat, cnsidering my next mve.
Bks always came first. I picked ut five titles. Next came the candy, rws and rws f it. I chse five candy bars, which brught my ttal t 75 cents. Then a bttle f cld range juice, a bag f chips and a pack f Ted Williams baseball cards. After paying the clerk, I still had 5 cents.
I hurried directly t my backyard, where an apple tree patiently waited fr me. There, sitting in the shade against its strng trunk, I read my bks, ate my candy and drank my range juice.
As I sat in my wn persnal heaven，I started thinking abut having mre. That's when a fantastic life-changing idea ppped int my head: If I culd get mre mney, I culd buy mre bks I liked, buy anything l wanted. That's hw it all started.
56. Hw did the by feel n his way t Sam & Je’s?(n mre than 5 wrds)
57. What des “a tidy sum” mean in Paragraph 1?(n mre than 5 wrds)
58. What did the by cnsider ding first after he rdered sda?(n mre than 5 wrds)
59. What did the by d while reading?(n mre than 5 wrds)
60. Where was the by’s “persnal heaven”?(n mre than 9 wrds)
Writing 9
【2015年天津卷】阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Six days a week, up and dwn the red hills f nrtheast Gergia, my grandfather brught the mail t the flks there. At age 68, he retired frm the pst ffice, but he never stpped serving the cmmunity.
On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, nting the things we all shuld be thankful fr — gd health, gd friends and gd utcmes. By mst measurements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time fr him t slw dwn. At lng last, in a cmfrtable hme, with a generus pensin, he shuld learn t take things easy.
“Thank yu fr yur nice wrds,” he wrte in his letter back, “and I knw what yu meant, but slwing dwn scares me. Life isn’t having it made; it’s getting it made.”
“The finest and happiest years f ur lives were nt when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled int a cmfrtable hme. N. I g back years ag, when we lived in a three-rm huse, when we gt up befre daylight and wrked till after dark t make ends meet. I rarely had mre than fur hurs f sleep. But what I still can’t figure ut is why I never gt tired, never felt better in my life. I guess the answer is, we were fighting fr survival, prtecting and prviding fr thse we lved. What matters are nt the great mments, but the partial victries, the waiting, and even the defeats. It’s the jurney, nt the arrival, that cunts.”
The letter ended with a persnal request: “By, n my next birthday, just tell me t wake up and get ging, because I will have ne less year t d things — and there are ten millin things waiting t be dne.”
Christina Rssetti, an English pet, nce said: “Des the rad wind uphill all the way? Yes, t the very end.” Tday, at 96, my grandfather is still n that lng rad, climbing.
56. What was the authr’s grandfather befre he retired? (n mre than 5 wrds)
57. What did the authr advise his grandfather t d in his letter? (n mre than 10 wrds)
58. What is the grandfather’s view n life accrding t his letter back? (n mre than 10 wrds)
59. Hw d yu understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (n mre than 10 wrds)
60. D yu agree with the grandfather’s view n life? Give reasns in yur wn wrds, (n mre than 20 wrds)
2014年
Writing 1
【2014年广东卷】阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息，请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
首先请阅读某大学提供给学生的项目信息：
46. I grw up in a very big family. My parents have raised twelve kids and I am their first-brn. It has been my duty t help my mm take care f my brthers and sisters. T handle them, ften I have t rganize an utdr activity, like a sftball game. I must say that I have the ptential t wrk as an instructr.
47. Last year, my dg gt crippled after lsing the fight t my neighbr’s bulldg. I rinsed its wund with sme ltin and tied its leg with a stick. I had him take medicine every day fr a full mnth. Finally he recvered. I think I can help the elderly and the disabled as well. I feel s gd when I can ffer help.
48. I am a film buff. A big fan f Antni Banderas. He is s wild and charming. Because f him, I fell in lve with Spain. The Latin dance and the bullfight are really exciting. Oh, if nly I culd stay in Spain as an exchange student! I wuld be learning Spanish s well that I can watch a Spanish film with the dubbing.
49. I had the experience f wrking as a scial wrker in Switzerland last summer. I lve the cuntry and its peple. There are great muntains fr climbers and the lcal peple are s nice t strangers. I helped the kids with their English. My teaching skills imprved greatly during my stay. Nw I’m well prepared t wrk as a language instructr.
50. I spent my gap year traveling all ver Africa last year. It was definitely an eye- pening experience. The extic clthes and tribal dances f the peple really fascinated me. But I was mst amazed by the wildlife there. I really tk great pleasure in watching thse animals hunting their prey. Yu knw, I specialize in zlgy, and I’m a gd bserver.
Writing 2
【2014年广东卷】阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Osela McCarty spent mre than 75 years washing and irning ther peple’s clthes. As a laundrywman, she was paid nly a few dllars each time. Certainly nbdy wuld cnsider her rich, s they were all amazed when Miss McCarty decided t dnate $ 150,000 t the University f Suthern Mississippi.
The mney was all my savings. She culd save such a large amunt f mney because she lived a very simple life. She never learned t drive, and when she wanted t g smewhere, she just walked. She never flew t anywhere till the dnatin（捐助），and in 50 years she had been ut f the Suth nly nce. The huse in which she lived was als a rather mdest ne her last uncle left her. Only after she became knwn in America did she begin t travel all ver the cuntry. Since then, she had been the subject f many interviews and articles and was even invited t the White Huse.
Her dnatin was fr students wh clearly needed financial help. She herself left schl in the sixth grade and had never married r had children. She said t the reprters that the idea f helping smebdy’s child g t cllege gave her much pleasure.
[写作内容]
用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
用约120个词就Miss McCarty的捐助谈谈你的想法，内容包括：
你如何看待她的捐助行为；
你认为她的捐助对受惠学生有哪些影响；
如果你自己要捐助，你会选择哪个群体并陈述理由。
[写作要求]
作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文的句子。
作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
Writing 3
【2014年安徽卷】阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Many peple believe that classical music is nt relevant music is nt relevant t yung peple tday. Hwever, this issue (问题) frequently causes heated debate.
Sme peple say that classical music is assciated nly with ld peple .Fr example, if yu lk at the audience at a classical cncert, the majrity is ver the age f fifty.
Others say it is mre ppular than we first imagine. Many yung peple listen t classical music withut realising. It is ften used in films and advertisements. Fr example, a famus piece f classical music was used as the theme music fr the 1990 Wrld Cup. Nt many peple culd have given its name, but millins enjyed it.
Als, sme peple pint ut that yung peple prduce new music based n classical ideas: fr example, it is said that rap(说唱)music was invented by a classical musician in 1912, but it is nw used by yung peple in pp music.
Hwever, yung peple pint t the fact that classical music has been utstripped(超越) by technlgy. T play a classical instrument, such as a vilin, yu need t study hard and practise fr hurs. Nwadays, yu dn’t need t get aching arms frm practising. A teenager can write and make music using a cmputer prgram in the cmfrt f their wn bedrm.
A final pint t in mind is that the term "classical music" is used t refer t a great variety f music, frm jazz t pieces fr large rchestras(管弦乐队). This makes it even mre difficult t say whether classical music is relevant t yung peple.
S, it may be nly a minrity f yung peple wh play classical instruments, but when it cmes t enjying classical music, it depends n the piece f music. It may be mre relevant t yung peple in the mdern wrld than they realise!
Writing 4
【2014年湖南卷】Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the infrmatin frm the passage.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS fr each answer.
Many f us invest valuable time，energy and mney planning ur vacatins. We d this because we knw fr sure that ging n vacatins must be gd fr us. Research prves this feeling withut a dubt. Vacatins help us perfrm better at wrk, imprve ur sleep quality and cushin us against depressin.
Yet, despite these benefits, many f us return hme with a feeling that ur last vacatin was OK - but nt great. In rder t change this, sme mistakes shuld be avided. A classic ne fr vacatin planners is attempting t maximize value fr mney by planning trips that have t many cmpnents (组成部分)• Perhaps yu’re planning a trip t Eurpe, seven cities in 10 days，and yu realize it will cst nly a little mre t add tw mre destinatins t the list Sunds fine in thery, but hpping frm ne place t the next hardly gives an pprtunity t experience what psychlgists call mindfulness - time t take in ur new surrundings, time t be present and absrb ur travel experiences. Anther mistake is that we wrry t much abut strategic issues such as hw t find a gd flight deal，hw t get frm A t B，r which destinatins t add r subtract frm ur jurney. These issues may seem imprtant, but ur psychlgical state f mind is far mre imprtant.
Actually, vacatin happiness is based n the fllwing tp rules. First, chse yur travel cmpanins wisely, because nthing cntributes mre significantly t a trip than the right cmpanins. Secnd，dn’t spend yur vacatin time in a place where everything is t expensive s as t maintain a psitive md. Third, shp wisely, fr meaningful experiences prvide mre lng-term happiness than physical pssessins.
Writing 5
【2014年湖南卷】
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Answer the questins accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage.
Kids and Pnds
Years ag there was a grup f kids wh wuld hang arund at sme lcal pnds in the wds near their huses in Warwick, Rhde Island. In summer they caught frgs and fish. When winter arrived they culdn’t wait t g skating. Time passed, and the pnds became the nly pen space fr the kids t enjy themselves in that neighbrhd.
One day. a thirteen-year-ld by frm this grup f kids read in the lcal newspaper that a develper wanted t fill in the pnds and build ver a hundred small huses called cndminiums. S the by went dr t dr and gathered mre than tw hundred signatures (签名）t stp the develpment A grup f citizens met and decided t supprt him.
At the meeting f the twn planning bard (委员会)，the by was quite nervus at first and spke very sftly. But when he saw the faces f his friends and neighbrs in the crwd and thught abut what was happening t their favrite pnds，his vice grew luder. He tld the twn fficials that they shuld speak fr the citizens. He als insisted that they shuld leave enugh space fr children. A few days later，the develper stpped his plan.
Nine years later, when that teen was a senir in cllege, he was infrmed that the develper was back with his prpsal t build cndminiums. Nw twenty-tw years ld, he was studying wetlands eclgy. He again appeared befre the twn planning bard. This time as an expert witness, he used envirnmental prtectin laws t explain restrictins n develpment in and arund wetlands and the knwledge f wetlands eclgy t help imprve the develpment. Finally sme cndminiums were built, but less than half the number the develper wanted. The pnds where thse kids used t hang arund were prtected by a strip f natural land，and are still there tday.
81.What did the kids like t d at the lcal pnds in winter?
(N mre than 6 wrds) (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
82.Hw did the by win the citizens’ supprt?
(N mre than 10 wrds) (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
83.What did the by tell the twn fficials?
(N mre than 16 wrds) (3 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
84.What helped the by t prtect the pnds successfully nine years later?
(N mre than 12 wrds) (3 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
Writing 6
【2014年江苏卷】The expressin, “everybdy’s ding it,” is very much at the center f the cncept f peer pressure. It is a strng influence f a grup, especially f children, n members f that grup t behave as everybdy else des. It can be psitive r negative. Mst peple experience it in sme way during their lives.
Peple are scial creatures by nature, and s it is hardly surprising that part f their self-respect cmes frm the apprval f thers. This instinct (天性) is why the apprval f peers, r the fear f disapprval, is such a pwerful frce in many peple’s lives. It is the same instinct that drives peple t dress ne way at hme and anther way at wrk, r t answer “fine” when a stranger asks “hw are yu?” even if it is nt necessarily true. There is a practical aspect t this: it helps sciety t functin efficiently, and encurages a general level f self-discipline that simplifies day-t-day interactin.
Fr certain individuals, seeking scial acceptance is s imprtant that it becmes like an addictin; in rder t satisfy the desire, they may g s far as t abandn their sense f right and wrng. Teens and yung adults may feel frced t use drugs, r jin gangs that encurage criminal behavir. Mature adults may smetimes feel pressured t cver up illegal activity at the cmpany where they wrk, r end up in debt because they are unable t hld back the desire t buy a huse r car that they can’t affrd in an effrt t “keep up with the Jneses.”
Hwever, peer pressure is nt always negative. A student whse friends are gd at academics may be urged t study harder and get gd grades. Players n a sprts team may feel driven t play harder in rder t help the team win. This type f influence can als get a friend ff drugs, r t help an adult take up a gd habit r drp a bad ne. Study grups and class prjects are examples f psitive peer grups that encurage peple t better themselves.
Schls try t teach kids abut the dangers f negative peer pressure. They teach kids t stand up and be themselves, and encurage them t plitely decline t d things that they believe are wrng. Similarly, it can be helpful t encurage children t greet the beneficial influence f psitive peer grups.
Writing7
【2014年江苏卷】请阅读下面短文,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
When we read newspapers, we ften cme acrss such English wrds as “AIDS” and “PK.” When we watch TV, we frequently hear wrds like “NBA” r “PM2.5.” When we speak, we autmatically use wrds like “OUT” r “Bye-bye.” English wrds and expressins like these are getting ppular. They have already becme part f ur daily language. And 239 English wrds have been included in the latest Dictinary f Cntemprary Chinese. ZXXK
The inclusin has started a heated discussin. A grup f schlars signed a letter f cmplaint ver the inclusin f these English wrds, which, they think, ges against Chinese language plicies. They nt nly wrry that Chinese is brrwing an increasing number f English wrds but are als cncerned that the inclusin may hurt the dignity f the Chinese language. Hwever, thers are in favr f the inclusin because it is hard t say whether it will threaten the Chinese language. They believe the selectin is mstly a result f their functin and use in daily life.
[写作内容]
1. 用约 30 个单词写出上文概要;
2. 用约 120 个单词发表你的观点,内容包括:
(1)支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇;
(2)用 2- 3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
[写作要求]
1. 可以支持文中任一观点,但必须提供理由或论据;
2. 阐述观点或提供论据时,不能直接引用原文语句;
3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
4. 不必写标题。
[评分标准]
内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
Writing 8
【2014年江西卷】阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
【1】A safari park is a park in which wild animals are kept. They are mainly lcated in east r central Africa. They ften ccupy a very wide area, with muntains and rivers. T visit the park and lk at the animals, peple have t drive arund in a car fr a few hurs because the park is huge.
【2】In suth Africa there is a safari park, which cntains all srts f wild animals like lins, elephants, rhincerses(犀牛), zebras, wild pigs, deer and giraffes.
【3】There is a wild rad leading thrugh the park, but nbdy is permitted t walk n the rad. Anyne traveling in the park has t g in a car because wild animals may fiercely attack peple. Frm the car he may see almst every type f African wildlife. Sme f these are getting scarce (稀有的) because peple kill them fr varius reasns. Fr example, rhincerses are killed fr their hrns(角), which are used in traditinal Chinese medicines fr clds and headaches. Perhaps they will be seen nly in museums and bks ne day.
【4】Travelers may purchase fd fr the animals. They can feed them when they tur the park. Of curse, they shuld nt feed them in a clse distance because the wild animals may attack peple. In additin, they shuld nly give prper fd t the animals.
【5】A traveler may carry a gun with him in his jurney. The gun is given t him by the gvernment. Hwever, it is nt used fr hunting. In fact, a seal is fixed t it. The traveler may fire at a wild beast t defend himself in case he is attacked. Hwever, he has t prve t the gvernment that he has been attacked and that he has nt fired at a harmless animal.
76. List ne f the reasns why travelers have t stay in a car during their visit.（n mre than 6 wrds）
________________________________________________________________________
77. Why are rhincerses getting scarce?（n mre than 7 wrds）
________________________________________________________________________
78. What warning are given t travelers when they feed the animals?（n mre than 15 wrds）
________________________________________________________________________
79. Hw des the gvernment knw the gun is fired?（n mre than 10 wrds）
______________________________________________________________________
80. What is the passage mainly abut?（n mre than 6 wrds）
Writing 9
【2014年山东卷】阅读下面的短文并用英语回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
[1] Nwadays the cst f a new car has fallen in real terms s that it is cheaper than ever t wn ne, and better rad cnditins have als attracted mre drivers. The result is vercrwding n the rad system, which is ne f the prblems the lcal gvernments are faced with.
[2] When peple travel t ther twns, the prblem might be relieved by getting them t park utside the twn. Buses culd be prvided t take them int the centre. These Park and Ride prjects are increasingly ppular in the UK. At Suthertn, fr example, a cuncil-funded prject led t a 15% drp in city centre traffic ver five mnths.
[3] What the cuncil fund, thugh, was that the prject prved smewhat unppular with shp wners in the area utside the centre. Many f their shps relied n passing car drivers fr sme f their trade. As the number f peple driving past drpped, s did their incmes.
[4] Making car driving expensive is anther way f ____________. Rad taxes tend t mean that peple use their cars less. Fining drivers wh are in areas where cars have been banned can als tend t encurage them t leave their cars behind.
[5] Hwever, ne thing has t be gt right fr any slutin t succeed. If we expect peple t give up the habit f driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely n. Cnstant delays, unannunced changes t the timetable and sudden cancellatins all discurage peple frm using public transprt. Peple will nly see it as a real chice if the buses and trains are n time.
66. What causes vercrwding n the rad system accrding t Paragraph 1? (n mre than 12 wrds)
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67. What shuld peple d when traveling t ther twns accrding t the Park and Ride prjects? (n mre than 14 wrds)
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68. Why were sme shp wners unhappy abut the prject? (n mre than 10 wrds)
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69. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4. ( n mre than 8 wrds)
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70. Why are peple unwilling t use public transprt accrding t Paragraph 5? (n mre than 8 wrds)
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Writing 10
【2014年四川卷】阅读表达（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）
When my father was celebrating a milestne(里程碑) birthday, I pulled tgether a surprise gift that he wuld never frget.
As he was appraching 60, I had a fun idea: What if I culd get the memries peple had f him, put each ne int an envelpe — 60 in ttal — and have him pen them, ne by ne, n his birthday? S I wrte an e-mail t family and friends, explaining my idea.
I sent the e-mail and waited. And then the replies started cming in and I was very, very surprised. There were s many memries, and they were all s lvely. They came frm the ‘50s, ‘60s, ‘70s, frm every decade（十年） between nw and the day my dad was brn. They came frm my mther, my siblings, my grandma, my dad’s friends frm high schl, his sister, my dad’s first bss, a clleague at his first jb, frm peple wh hadn’t seen my dad in 40 years, frm peple I myself hadn’t even infrmed. They typed them and handwrte them. They mailed them and e-mailed them.
The night befre Dad’s birthday, my sister and 1 stayed up late, putting everything tgether with sme envelpes.
The next mrning, after breakfast and presents and cake, we gave the pile f envelpes t him. ＂Just ne mre thing fr yu,＂ we said.
It tk him a lng time t pen them and read. Each ne was a brief ticket t anther time, a leap(跳跃) backward ver years and decades. There was a lt f laughter and a few tears, t.
I was kind f sad when the prject was ver because it was great fun t cllect these memries. It gave me a different picture f my dad.
56. When did the authr give her father a surprise gift? (n mre than 4 wrds)
57. Wh sent the mails? (n mre than 6 wrds)
58. Why did the authr and her sister stay up late the night befre their father’s birthday? (n mre than 9 wrds)
59. Hw did the authr’s father mst prbably feel when he read the mails? (n mre than 3 wrds)
60. What was the surprise gift? (n mre than 6 wrds)
Writing 11
【2014年天津卷】阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Last December, Dris Lw turned 90. Once a week she still drives t the Canadian Natinal Institute fr the Blind (CNIB) in Trnt, where she helps transfrm literature int braille(盲文) t bring the pwer f stry and knwledge t the hears and minds f blind readers. She has been vlunteering her time and talents t such enterprises fe mre than 40 years.
After wrking in the business wrld fr a while, Lw gt fed up. S she turned t teaching at a technical schl and later mved int the library.
Lw’s mther liked reading. As her eyes began t fail, lw read t her. Then “hearing an advertisement encuraging peple t learn braille, I decided t give it a try.” In 1973, she was certified as a braille transcriber (转译者) and began transcribing bks as a vlunteer fr the CNIB library.
The jb was strenuus — she culd get t the end f a page, make a mistake n the last line, and have t d the whle thing again. Fr a number f years, Lw als wrked in the CNIB sund studi reading bks nt tape. Three years ag, she tk up prfreading (校对) at the CNIB’s wrd factry.
In April, during Vlunteer Week, the CNIB recgnized Lw fr her great cntributins. Thanks t vlunteers like Lw, the CNIB library has gt mre than 80,000 accessible materials fr peple unable t read traditinal print. “I can’t imagine hw many readers f all ages have benefited frm Dris’s cntributin as a skilled vlunteer thrugh her rich vice and her high degree f accuracy in the hundreds f bks she has brailled and prfread ver the years — and she is still ding s,” said a CNIB fficial.
“Fr me,” said Lw, “the CNIB is mre than just a place t vlunteer. Three things matter mst in my life: a little play, a little wrk, a little lve. I’ve fund them all here.”
56. What des Lw still d at the age f 90 at the CNIB? ( n mre than 10 wrds)
57. Why did Lw learn braille? (n mre than 15 wrds)
58. What des the underlined wrd “strenuus” mst prbably mean?(1 wrd)
59. What are Lw’s cntributins t the CNIB? (n mre than 15 wrds)
60. What d yu think f Lw? Give yur reasns. (n mre than 20 wrds)
Su Hua: Hi, Li Jiang! Did yu see the BBC dcumentary n CCTV 9 last week?
Li Jiang: Yu mean Du Fu: China’s Greatest Pet? Yes, I did. Fantastic!
Su Hua: Just think an English actr recites Chinese pems.
Li Jiang: I dn’t really understand every line he recites, but I believe he truly lves the pems himself.
Su Hua: Right. It is reprted that the film is well received utside China.
Li Jiang: Yeah, It’s my first time t hear Chinese stries tld by an English speaker.
Su Hua: In fact, dcumentaries abut ur cuntry are plentiful bth at hme and abrad. These films can help freign friends better understand this land-Chinese literature, gegraphy histry, fd...
Li Jiang: I culdn’t agree mre.
The Cst f Thinking
Intrductin
• Large brains fr their bdies and the ability t walk upright are tw ___71___ f human beings.
The ___72___ f large human brains
• The larger brains may nt be better because f the cst.
• The big brains make it harder fr the bdy t mve arund and cnsume mre energy.
• The animal brain requires less ___73___ when the bdy is at rest.
• Large human brains cnsume mre fd, and weaken muscles.
The ___74___ f walking upright
• Walking upright makes it easy t find fd r ___75___ against enemies.
• Freed hands can serve sme ___76___ purpse and perfrm cmplex tasks.
• Walking upright challenges the human bne structure, and ___77___ the size f brains.
• Walking upright results in ___78___ sufferings.
Cnclusin
• With a large brain, human beings ___79___ ther beings in terms f intelligence.
• Weak and marginal, human beings remained ___80___ f meat-eating animals.
Arts as an ecnmic driver
Our cmmunities ___71___ frm arts in terms f ecnmy.
___72___ f arts’ prmting ur ecnmy
Arts activity demands a(n) ___73___ effrt. It invlves creatin, perfrmance, and ___74___.
★Artists make a living thrugh their creative wrk.
★Others get paid by marketing the event.
Arts have a gradually spreading ___75___. They culd help prmte ther industries whether they lie inside r utside arts.
★Besides tickets, sme jazz lvers will pay their ___76___ t and frm the events.
★Arts cntribute t cultural develpment when peple gather tgether t share their experience and renew their energy.
Investment in arts culd prduce ptential ___77___ ecnmic results.
★TeC used a $35,000 art investment t attract an verall supprt f $400,000.
★In Dallas, ne dllar invested in arts culd harvest and extrardinary return f nearly $300.
★In Philadelphia the arts have created abut 35,000 jb pprtunities fr wrkers ___78___ arts industry.
Art students making a gd living
With these ___79___ in mind, art students need nt wrry abut their career and have a(n) ____80____ plan.
Ppulatin Change
One Day in 2016. At Hme.
Sn: Mum, shall we g and see a film tnight?
Mther: Why bther? We can stay at hme and watch films nline. It’s cnvenient with ur new and faster netwrk
Sn: But it feels gd in a cinema.
Mther: And the price… We have t pay 50 yuan a ticket.
Sn: Only 10 yuan mre than last year.
Mther: But still we cannt get the mney’s wrth. Sme films are just bring…
An Extensin f the Human Brain
A prsthetic nature
●The (71) ▲ can help make up fr ur mental and emtinal deficiencies as a wden leg can cmpensate fr a bdily deficiency.
●It (72) ▲ in ur daily events, extending ur intelligence, cmprehending ur feelings, and expanding the range f scial activities.
Wnderful aspects: memry and judgment
●On the Internet, we culd quickly and easily lcate the details, and check facts, withut (73) ▲ them in mind.
●The Internet makes us smarter ver (74) ▲ kinds f things. It prvides a dzen definitins f a key term fr us t find the (75) ▲ f the matter.
●The Internet enables us t exchange ideas with many thers t (76) ▲ ur claims, and t (77) ▲ ur actins.
The (78) ▲ sides f smartphnes
●Smartphnes make it easier and mre (79) ▲ t check reality, watch vide clips, read weib.
●Smartphnes (80) ▲ the pssibility fr new and insightful minds, and steal away ur dead time.
Title
Small Talk: A Big (76)____
Intrductin
We are likely t make small talk when we (77)____ meet peple.
(78)____
❖ Small talk can help peple frm (79)____ friendships.
❖ Small talk can als help peple get a (80)____.
Advice
❖ Find sme tpics (81)____ with the ther persn.
❖ Keep the talk ging by making cmpliments and (82)____ questins.
❖ Keep eye cntact in cnversatin t build (83)____.
❖ (84)____ mre in rder t make small talk easier.
Cnclusin
Small talk really (85)____ a lt t us.
What news stries d yu read?
Divisin f
news stries
Peple expect t get (71) ▲ frm reading news.
News stries are rughly divided int tw classes.
Sme news will excite their readers instantly while thers wn’t.
(72) ▲ f
the tw classes
News f immediate reward will seemingly take their readers t the very frightening scene withut actual (73) ▲ .
Readers will assciate themselves clsely with what happens in the news stries and (74) ▲ similar feelings with thse invlved.
News f delayed reward will make readers suffer, r present a(75) ▲ t them.
News f delayed reward will induce the reader t (76) ▲ fr the reality while news f immediate reward will lead the reader t (77) ▲ frm the reality.
Unstable bundaries
f the tw classes
What readers expect frm news stries are largely shaped by their
(78) ▲ .
Serius readers will bth get excited ver what happens in sme news stries and (79) ▲ themselves t the reality.
Thus, the divisin, n the whle, (80) ▲ n the reader.
A．
B.
In-Cmpany Experience[来源:学+科+网]
Challenging psts in industry fr gap year students. Use yur academic and interpersnal skills t imprve a prduct r service prvided by a tp name cmpany-and get paid fr it!
Camp Wrld
Wrk in camps fr yung peple in ne r mre f the five cntinents. Yu help rganize sprts activities and ther utdr pursuits and yu culd end up with a qualificatin as an instructr.
C.
D.
Cmmunity Care
Vlunteer wrk at hme and abrad with the physically and mentally handicapped, the hmeless, the elderly and rphans. Yu’ll need t be cmmitted, patient and sensitive t thers.
Academic Study Year
Spend a whle year studying at a freign university in Eurpe, the USA r even further afield, withut the pressure f exams. Accmmdatin with lcal families. Grants available.
E.
F.
Cnservatin Internatinal
Cnservatin and research wrk with teams f vlunteers n nature reserves in Suth America and Africa. Prjects include mnitring wildlife, path building and water and sil cnservatin.
Language Teachers Abrad
Teach yur wn language r English in almst any cuntry in the wrld. Class sizes vary frm ne t ne hundred and resurces can be basic, but yur students will welcme yu with pen arms.
Title
Classical Music
Intrductin
The issue f whether classical music is (76) t yung peple causes heated debate.
Opinins
Evidence
★ Classical music is assciated nly with ld penl.
☆ (77) f the audience at a classical cncert are ver fifty.
★ Many yung peple dn’t (78)
sme music they listen t is classical.
☆ Classical music is ften fund in films and advertisements.
★ Classical ideas prvide a (79)
fr prducing new music.
☆ Yung peple nw (80) rap in ppular music.
★ (81) has put classical music at a disadvantage.
☆ A yung man can write and make music n a cmputer (82) in his bedrm.
★ “Classical music” can refer t varius (83) f music.
☆ Classical music (84) frm jazz t pieces fr large rchestras.
Cnclusin
Classical music may still be (85) by yung peple tday.