2024北京通州高二（下）期末英语（教师版）试卷

这是一份2024北京通州高二（下）期末英语（教师版）试卷，共18页。试卷主要包含了5分，共 15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本试卷共10页，共 100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共 10小题;每小题1.5分，共 15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Larry wrks with Transprt Drivers. Inc. One mrning in 2009. Larry was ___1___ n the rad after delivering t ne f his custmers. Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights n. As he gt ___2___ , he fund anther vehicle upside dwn n the rad. One mre lk and he___3___ flames shting ut frm under the damaged vehicle. Larry pulled ver, set the brake and gt hld f the fire extinguisher(灭火器). After many bursts frm the extinguisher, the fire was___4___ put ut.
The man wh had his bright lights n ___5___ and tld Larry he had made an emergency call. Just at that time, they heard a wman’s___6___ cming frm the wrecked vehicle. ___7___ the vehicle, they saw that a wman was trying t get ut f the brken windw. They tld her t stay ___8___ until the emergency persnnel arrived, but she thught the car was ging t explde. Larry tld her that he had already put ut the fire and she shuld nt mve in case she injured her neck.
Larry stayed there with the wman until ___9___ wrkers came fr help.
One thing is fr certain — Larry went abve and beynd the call f duty by getting s clse t the burning vehicle! His ___10___ mst likely saved the wman’s life.
1. A. walkingB. turingC. drivingD. rushing
2. A. higherB. clserC. shrterD. lder
3. A. feltB. heardC. nticedD. smelt
4. A. basicallyB. carefullyC. accidentlyD. finally
5. A. came inB. came verC. came dwnD. came thrugh
6. A. viceB. sngC. laughterD. nise
7. A. StartingB. ParkingC. PassingD. Appraching
8. A. quietB. silentC. awakeD. still
9. A. researchB. serviceC. rescueD. ffice
10. A. effrtsB. skillsC. patienceD. prmise
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题 1.5分，共 15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Kite flying is ppular arund China. It is knwn as zhiyuan, as kites are made f paper and when they fly, they are like eagles. Kites ___11___ (use) fr military purpse in the beginning. Later kite flying gradually became a very ppular recreatinal activity. In the past, peple ___12___ (fasten) a bamb-made whistle nt a kite. While flying thrugh the wind, it made sund like the music ___13___ (prduce) by guzheng, a traditinal Chinese music al instrument. Therefre, it has its mdern name as fengzheng.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Wrld Animal Day was prpsed by the Italian mnk St Fransis in 12th century. He lived in the frests f Assisi Island fr lng time, ___14___(build) a gd relatinship with the animals. ___15___ he did set a gd example far ur human beings. When the big day cmes, peple frm all ver the wrld ___16___ (hld) varius activities t celebrate it. The aim f the festival is t remind peple t care fr all animals and build a harmnius relatinship with them.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Shark attacks can be deadly, ___17___ they are nt cmmn. Each year, sharks usually kill fewer than 10 peple wrldwide, and abut 100 peple are injured. Yu are mre likely t be attacked in parts f the sea ___18___ turists thrw in fd t bring in sharks. Hwever, peple are ___19___ (danger) t sharks, t. 60 millin sharks are killed fr fd and medicine every year. As a result, seme kinds f sharks may die ut cmpletely. ____20____ (prtect) these wnderful animals, sme cuntries have made prgrams t help them survive.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第六节(共 14小题;每小题2分，共 28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，
A
Enjy a museum visit with yur class!
Available Prgrams:
Art Tells a Stry: By lking at the subject matter and by drawing frm persnal experiences, students can find the stry in sme wrks f art. (All grades)
Learning t Lk: An interactive (互动的) tur that explres a variety f art using strytelling, mvements, music, games, and ther techniques helps intrduce a museum t children. (Preschl — Grade 3)
Native American Cllectin: This prgram explres relatinships that exist between art, culture, the gegraphic lcatin and natural resurces. Students will see a bwl made by Maria Martinez, a Twn stryteller, a Nrthwest cast mask, and Inuit clthing. (Fr Grade 2 — 5)
The Language f Art: Classes are welcmed int the museum t take part in an interactive tur f American Art. It gives participants a set f vcabulary wrds while helping them feel cmfrtable. Art-n-the-Mve: Teachers may brrw suitcases filled with art bjects. Free fr rganizatins with Educatin Membership.
Planning Yur Visit:
Bking: Bking is necessary fr all tur and prgrams. Please bk at least a week in advance. Teachers are encuraged t rganize self-guided visits fr their classes during public hurs.
Tur Hurs: Turs can be rganized between 9:30 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. n weekdays.
Prgram Fees: Turs are free fr thse with Educatin Membership. There is a charge f $6 per student f nn-member rganizatins. Turs with art activities cst $12 per student (nn-members) r $ 10 per student (members).
Chapernes (保护人): We require ne adult chaperne fr every 10 children. Chapernes help t make yur museum visit a success. A chaperne must pay $5 admissin.
Lunch: We regret that n lunch facilities are available at the museum.
Museum Rules: Dn’t tuch wrks f art. Dn’t take phtgraphs.
Ask questins. Lk, and then LOOK again.
Enjy!
21. If teachers want their students t learn abut what a museum is, they will chse _______.
A. Art Tells a StryB. Learning t Lk
C. The Language f ArtD. Native American Cllectin
22. Why des the museum feel srry?
A. Taking phts is nt allwed at the museum.
B. Lunch service is nt prvided at the museum.
C. Visitrs can’t tuch wrks f art at the museum.
D. Visitrs can’t take part in all the activities at a time.
23. In which sectin f the newspaper des the text mst prbably appear?
A. Health.B. News.C. Envirnment.D. Advertisement.
B
My birth was a little mre dramatic than the standard way a baby enters the wrld. I was brn missing my left hand. Indeed, my limb (手臂) difference culd have been a disaster if it hadn’t been fr what happened next. A nurse placed me in my mther’s arms and instructed, “Yu will take her hme. Yu will lve her and treat her as nrmal.”
That is exactly what happened. I played sprts, acted in theater, excelled in schl and had playdates with friends. While I did get sme stares and “plite” questins abut my disability, I was lucky because I wasn’t made fun f fr it.
Hwever, that fact that I was different hit me hard my first day f high schl. I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-cnscius and the need t fit in is intensified. I remember ne f the ther kids n the schl bus stared just a little t lng at my left arm. I felt a sudden urge t hide my hand, s I slipped it int my pcket. I tld myself that I’d just hide it that ne day, while I was trying t make friends. But ne day f hiding turned int a week, a mnth, and years — 25 f them t be exact.
When I was 38 years ld, tired f hiding and lnely, I met smene special and invited him in. The cmbinatin f me finally feeling ready t unhide and his willingness t g thrugh the unhiding prcess with me was exactly what I needed. Fr the first time in my life, I allwed smene t really hld my limb, lk at it, tuch it, lve it — lve me. I saw my limb difference as smething unique abut me, smething that shuld be shwn, nt hidden.
It was a transfrmatinal experience, and I learned t lve me t. It changed hw I lived my entire life and made me happier. I als discvered and jined the Lucky Fin Prject, an rganisatin devted t peple with all types f disabilities.
Hiding things, especially frm lved nes, is tiring and lnely, and it prevents us frm getting help and supprt. It’s time t change that.
24. What was the authr’s childhd like?
A. She had n scial interactins with friends.
B. She was raised with care and treated nrmally.
C. She faced sme challenges in schl activities.
D. She was upset abut the attentin t her difference.
25. What happened t the authr when she was 13 years ld?
A. She began t ignre her disability.
B. She suffered prejudice frm sme kids.
C. She started hiding herself away frm friends.
D. She became sensitive due t her self-awareness.
26. Hw did the authr change when she stpped hiding?
A. She started t pen up and be herself.
B. She met smene wh cured her disability.
C. She was fed up with the cmpany f thers.
D. She reduced invlvement in the disability grup.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Misfrtune is a gd teacher.
B. Disability is nt a barrier t success.
C. Self-acceptance can lead t self-lve.
D. Nthing beats the feeling f being lved.
C
Chinese scientists say they have develped a rbtic fish that can remve micrplastic particles frm water envirnments. Researchers wrking n the prject say the rbts culd help t clean up plastic pllutin in ceans arund the wrld.
The rbtic swimmers are abut 1.3 centimeters lng. They are made f a sft chemical Cmpund. The rbts are designed t absrb micrplastics while mving thrugh the water. The prject was launched by a team at Sichuan University in suthwestern China. The researchers said the rbts have already perfrmed well in shallw water and they plan t carry ut mre tests in deeper waters. The scientists reprted their findings in a new study in Nan Letters. The publicatin cmes frm the American Chemical Sciety, a nnprfit rganizatin supprted by the U.S. Cngress. The rbtic fish were built t target micrplastic particles, which are smaller than five millimeters. Studies have cnfirmed that micrplastic pllutin has been discvered in many natural envirnments. The material cmes frm the breakdwn f manufactured plastic prducts and industrial waste.
The team said the rbts can be cntrlled by light. Turning “a near-infrared light laser” n and ff causes the fish’s tail t mve back and frth, the American Chemical Sciety said. The rbtic fish can swim up t 2.76 bdy lengths per secnd. The researchers said this is faster than mst similar sft rbts. Wang Yuyan was a member f Sichuan University’s research team. She tld Reuters news agency that the small, lightweight rbt is currently being used t cllect micrplastics fr research purpses. But Wang added that the team plans t expand that use s the rbt fish can remve larger amunts f micrplastic waste frm deep cean areas. The fish can take in different kinds f micrplastics and even repair itself when damaged, the researchers said. And if a rbt fish is accidentally eaten by a real fish, it can safely digest the material, the team added. Wang said similar rbts culd be develped t be placed inside the human bdy t remve unwanted materials r diseases.
28. Why has a rbtic fish been created?
A. T remve disease in peple.
B. T clean up pllutin in ceans.
C. T remve unwanted materials in bdy.
D. T remve micrplastic particles in water.
29. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The purpse f the rbtic fish.
B. The functin f the rbtic fish,
C. A further intrductin f the rbtic fish.
D. Ptential applicatin f the rbtic fish.
30. What will happen t the rbtic fish when eaten by a real fish?
A. It will be harmless.B. It will repair itself.
C. It will take in micrplastics.D. It will cllect micrplastics.
31. What is Wang Yuyan’s attitude t the future use f the rbtic fish?
A. Pessimistic.B. Psitive.C. Unclear.D. Suspicius.
D
We’ve all heard it befre: t be successful, get ut f bed early. After all, Apple CEO Tim Ck gets up at 3:45 am, Fiat CEO Sergi Marchinne at 3:30 am and Richard Bransn at 5:45 am—and, as we knw, “The early bird catches the wrm.” Indeed, it may be true that thse wh get up early have a jump start n the day befre thers are even ut f bed.
But just because sme successful peple wake up early, des that mean it’s a trait (特征) mst f them share? And if the idea f having exercised, eaten breakfast, and dne ne task befre 8 am makes yu want t sleep in until next Saturday, des it mean yu’ll have a less successful life?
Fr abut half f us, this isn’t really an issue. It’s estimated that sme 50% f the ppulatin isn’t really mrning-riented r evening-riented, but smewhere in the middle. Rughly ne in fur f us, thugh, tend mre tward bright-eyed early risers, and anther ne in fur are night wls. Fr them, the effect can g beynd falling asleep in frnt f the TV at 10 pm r being regularly late fr wrk.
Numerus studies have fund that mrning peple are mre self-directed and agreeable. And cmpared t night wls, they are less likely t be depressed, drink r smke.
Althugh mrning types may achieve mre academically, night wls tend t perfrm better n measures f memry, prcessing speed and cgnitive ability, even when they have t perfrm thse tasks in the mrning. Night-time peple are als mre pen and mre creative. And ne study shws that night wls are as healthy and wise as mrning-types, and a little bit wealthier.
Still think the mrning peple sund mre like CEO material? Dn’t set yur alarm fr 5 am just, yet, as it turns ut, changing yur sleep times may nt have much effect.
“If peple are left t their naturally preferred times, they feel much better. They say that they are much mre prductive. The mental capacity they have is much brader,” says Oxfrd University bilgist Katharina Wulf. On the ther hand, she says, pushing peple t far ut f their natural preference can be harmful. When they wake early, fr example, night wls are still prducing melatnin (褪黑激素). “Then, yu disrupt (扰乱) it and push the bdy t be in the daytime mde. That can have lts f negative, physilgical cnsequences,” Wulff says, like a different sensitivity t insulin and glucse (葡萄糖) which can cause weight gain.
32. What des the authr d in Pargraph 2?
A. Analysing the prblem.B. Challenging a viewpint.
C. Prviding supprting prfs.D. Presenting authr’s viewpint.
33. Which f the fllwing des Katharina Wulff supprt?
A. Stp setting yur alarm fr 5 am.
B. Better nt change yur sleep times.
C. Avid being regularly late fr wrk.
D. Dn’t fall asleep in frnt f the TV.
34. Why des the authr write this article?
A. T explain why sme peple are mre successful.
B. T advise peple t get up neither t early nr t late.
C. T argue against the view that the early bird catches the wrm.
D. T cmpare the differences between early risers and night wls.
第二节(共 5小题;每小题2分，共 10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Science fictin writers create imaginary wrlds. ___35___ S it’s imprtant fr yu t be familiar with the scientific principles and inventins that are related t yur creatin. Fr example, if yu’re writing abut human living n a planet with zer gravity, then yu need t knw the effects f zer gravity n the human bdy.
Then yu have t figure ut the exact rules f yur imaginary wrlds. And yu have t fllw them. If humans are able t breathe underwater in Chapter 1, yur character can’t drwn in a swimming pl in Chapter 3. ___36___ That means the reader is willing t pretend alng with yu. If yu start ut with an rdinary detective nvel and then thrw in smene breathing underwater in the 6th chapter, yu will pull the readers ut f their imaginatin. ___37___
Part f yur preparatry wrk fr the nvel is t map ut its wrlds in great detail. Yu shuld decide the fllwing issues: the histry f the wrld, the gegraphy, what pssibilities it ffers, hw everything wrks in this new reality, and hw all f these factrs affect the way yur characters think, feel, and react t things. Yu dn’t have t tell yur readers all the rules in the first chapter. ___38___ This als allws yu t wrk ut lgical prblems and cntradictins befre yu start writing.
___39___ Yu are inviting readers t visit a new wrld. They will want t be able t see, hear, feel, smell and even taste what it’s like. Whether yur nvel is abut a wrld withut disease r an undiscvered planet, help yur readers feel like they’re actually there.
A. The issue here is maintaining yur readers’ trust.
B. Yur characters must be based n imaginatin nly.
C. When yu are writing, remember t make it feel real.
D. Instead, yu nly need t fllw the rules all the way.
E. The same thing happens if yu change the rules halfway.
F. But yu have t let readers knw enugh t understand what’s ging n.
G. The way things wrk in yur imaginary wrlds will be based n actual science.
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各 2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)
阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，完成对该问题的回答。
Exercise plays a very imprtant rle in a healthy lifestyle. But yu may nt have time r mney t g t a gym n a regular basis. The gd news is that tday’s technlgy lets yu access fitness classes frm the cmfrt f yur hme.
A quick Internet search will turn up thusands f nline fitness classes. These classes let yu listen t instructins and watch trainers demnstrate hw t d exercises. Yu can watch vides n yur phne, cmputer r tablet and d the exercises right where yu are. All yu need is an Internet cnnectin and a space large enugh t mve arund in.
Online fitness classes take a wide variety f frms. Sme fcus n stretches and slw mvements. Other classes invlve fast aerbic activity, while thers build muscle strength. Sme require equipment such as weights, but thers use nly yur bdy. This means that yu can chse the class yu like. And yu can try a different ne whenever yu like.
Sme virtual fitness classes require a membership fee, but sme are cmpletely free. Anyne can pst a fitness vide n the Internet. Nt everyne knws what they are ding. S it is imprtant t think abut wh is teaching the class. Try t find trainers wh are certified by an rganizatin with a gd reputatin.
I tried sme virtual fitness classes several years ag. The reasn was simple: cnvenience. I culd d a fitness class at any time f day. I didn’t need t travel t a gym and back, which saved me a lt f time. But being able t wrk ut any time meant I kept putting it ff. I’d d everything else first and then the day wuld be ver. I’d never actually get arund t exercising. Having t exercise at a definite time means I have t put it n my schedule. S fr me, scheduled classes such as thse at a gym are helpful.
40. What d peple need t have virtual fitness classes?
41. What is the authr’s suggestin abut chsing an instructr while having virtual fitness classes?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
·The authr thinks virtual fitness classes are f great cnvenience and save a lt f time, s he takes virtual fitness classes n a regular basis.
43. D yu think virtual fitness classes will becme a trend fr yung peple? Why r why nt? (In abut 40 wrds)
第二节(20分)
44. 假如你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim发邮件告诉你他在学校原创诗歌比赛（Original Petry Cmpetitin）中获得一等奖，并分享了他的获奖诗歌。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 表达祝贺；
2. 评价获奖诗歌。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
参考答案
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共 10小题;每小题1.5分，共 15分)
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了司机拉里在途中遇到交通事故，勇敢地采取行动，使用灭火器扑灭车辆火灾，并安抚被困女性，确保其安全直至救援人员到达的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2009年的一个早晨，拉里送完东西，沿着165号公路向北行驶。A. walking行走；B. turing旅游；C. traveling行驶；D. rushing冲。根据上文的“Larry wrks with Transprt Drivers, Inc.”和下文的“after delivering”可知，拉里作为运输司机，应该是驾驶车辆行驶在公路上。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他走近时，他发现另一辆车倒在路上。A. higher更高的；B. clser更近的；C. shrter更短的；D. lder更老的。根据后文“he fund anther vehicle upside dwn n the rad.”可知，走近才发现另一辆车。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：再看一眼，他注意到火焰从损坏的汽车下面喷出。A. felt感觉；B. heard听见；C. nticed注意到；D. smelt闻到。根据后文“flames shting ut frm under the damaged vehicle”可知，他注意到火焰从损坏的汽车下面喷出。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：灭火器喷了好几下后，火终于被扑灭了。A. basically基本地；B. carefully仔细地；C. accidently意外地；D. finally终于。根据后文“put ut”指火终于被扑灭了。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：那个开着大灯的男子走过来，告诉拉里他已经打了紧急电话。A. came in进来；B. came ver走过来；C. came dwn下来；D. came thrugh经历。根据下文的“tld Lamy he had made an emergency call”可知，这位男士应该是从自己的车那边走过来和拉里说话。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，他们听到一个女人的声音从失事的汽车里传来。A. vice嗓音；B. sng歌曲；C. laughter笑声；D. nise噪音。根据上文“they heard a wman’s”指人的嗓音应用vice。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：接近那辆车，他们看到一名女子正试图从破碎的窗户中爬出来。A. Starting开始；B. Parking停车；C. Passing经过；D. Appraching接近。根据下文的“the vehicle, they saw that a wman was trying t get ut f the brken windw”可知，两人应该是走近那辆事故车查看情况。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们告诉她不要动，直到急救人员到达，但她认为汽车要爆炸了。A. quiet安静的；B. silent沉默的；C. awake醒着的；D. still一动不动的。根据下文的“Larry tld her that he had already put ut the fire and she shuld nt mve”可知，为了让伤者避免进一步受伤，他们告知其保持不动。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：拉里一直陪着那个女人，直到救援人员来帮忙。A. research研究；B. service服务；C. rescue救援；D. ffice办公室。根据上文“until the emergency persnnel arrived”可知，指救援人员来帮忙。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的努力很可能救了那个女人的命。A. effrts努力；B. skills技能；C. patience耐心；D. prmise承诺。根据上文“One thing is fr certain — Larry went abve and beynd the call f duty by getting s clse t the burning vehicle!(有一件事是肯定的——拉里如此接近着火的汽车，已经超出了他的职责范围！)”指他的努力很可能救了那个女人的命。故选A。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题 1.5分，共 15分)
【答案】11. were used
12. fastened
13. prduced
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了风筝，包括其名称的由来和使用目的的历史变化。
【11题详解】
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：风筝最初是用于军事目的的。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“in the beginning”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，use“使用”和主语Kites之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数名词，be动词应用were。故填were used。
【12题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在过去，人们把竹制的哨子绑在风筝上。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“In the past”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，fasten“系牢”应用过去式的形式。故填fastened。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在风中飞行时，它发出的声音就像中国传统乐器古筝发出的音乐。句子已有谓语，空处是修饰the music的后置定语，prduce“产生”和the music逻辑上是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此应用prduce的过去分词形式表被动。故填prduced。
【答案】14. building
15. What 16. will hld
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界动物日的情况。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他长期生活在阿西西岛的森林里，与动物们建立了良好的关系。此处build与He构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填building。
【15题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：他所做的为我们人类树立了一个好榜样。引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用what，首字母大写。故填What。
【16题详解】
考查时态。句意：当这个大日子到来的时候，世界各地的人们会举行各种各样的活动来庆祝它。主句描述将来的动作，应用一般将来时。故填will hld。
【答案】17. but
18. where 19. dangerus
20. T prtect
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鲨鱼攻击人类虽致命但不常见，而人类对鲨鱼威胁更大，每年有大量的鲨鱼被捕杀。为保护鲨鱼，一些国家制定了帮助它们生存的计划。
【17题详解】
考查连词。句意：鲨鱼的攻击可能是致命的，但这种情况并不常见。空处前后均为完整的句子，空前部分表示“鲨鱼的攻击可能是致命的”，空后部分表示“这种情况并不常见”，上下文语义构成转折，空处应用意为“但是”的并列连词but，构成并列句。故填but。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：你更有可能在游客扔食物招来鲨鱼的海域遭到袭击。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词parts f the sea，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，人类对鲨鱼也是危险的。空处作表语，danger的形容词形式dangerus符合题意，意为“危险的”。故填dangerus。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护这些奇妙的动物，一些国家制定了帮助它们生存的计划。句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的目的状语，表示“为了……”，因此用prtect的不定式形式，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填T prtect。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第六节(共 14小题;每小题2分，共 28分)
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一家博物馆为学生提供的可供选择的项目，以及具体的行程安排、参观时间、费用、监护人要求、午餐和相关规定等信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Learning t Lk”部分中“An interactive (互动的) tur that explres a variety f art using strytelling, mvements, music, games, and ther techniques helps intrduce a museum t children. (互动之旅利用讲故事、动作、音乐、游戏和其他技术探索各种艺术，有助于向孩子们介绍博物馆)”可知，Learning t Lk项目有助于向孩子们介绍博物馆，因此希望学生了解博物馆是什么的老师应选择该项目。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Lunch”部分中“We regret that n lunch facilities are available at the museum. (很遗憾，博物馆没有提供午餐设施)”可知，博物馆对不提供午餐服务感到抱歉。故选B项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Enjy a museum visit with yur class! (和你的班级一起去参观博物馆吧)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一家博物馆为学生提供的可供选择的项目，以及具体的行程安排、参观时间、费用、监护人要求、午餐和相关规定等信息，属于博物馆的宣传广告。因此，文章应该出自报纸的广告栏目。故选D项。
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者生来残疾，小时候被好好照顾，直到中学时自我意识觉醒对周围的目光变得敏感，将自己隐藏起来，到38岁时决定敞开做自己，不再隐藏，接收自己的不完美。作者意识到只有自我接纳，才能好好爱自己。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Indeed, my limb difference culd have been a disaster if it hadn’t been fr what happened next. A nurse placed me in my mther’s arms and instructed, “Yu will take her hme. Yu will lve her and treat her as nrmal.”(事实上，如果没有接下来发生的事情，我的肢体差异可能是一场灾难。一位护士把我放在母亲的怀里，嘱咐我说:“你带她回家。你会爱她，像对待正常人一样对待她。”)”及第二段“That is exactly what happened. I played sprts, acted in theater, excelled in schl and had playdates with friends. While I did get sme stares and “plite” questins abut my disability, I was lucky because I wasn’t made fun f fr it.(事实正是如此。我参加体育运动，在剧院表演，在学校表现优异，和朋友一起玩。虽然我确实得到了一些关于我的残疾的凝视和“礼貌”的问题，但我很幸运，因为我没有因此而被取笑)”可知，作者虽然天生残疾，但是在童年时代受到了精心照料，受到正常的对待。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-cnscius and the need t fit in is intensified. I remember ne f the ther kids n the schl bus stared just a little t lng at my left arm. I felt a sudden urge t hide my hand, s I slipped it int my pcket.(我13岁，这个年纪的孩子已经很有自我意识了，融入社会的需求也越来越强烈。我记得校车上的一个孩子盯着我的左臂看了太久。我突然有一种想把手藏起来的冲动，于是我把它塞进了口袋)”可知，当作者13岁的时候，由于有了自我意识，作者对于周围的目光十分敏感。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“The cmbinatin f me finally feeling ready t unhide and his willingness t g thrugh the unhiding prcess with me was exactly what I needed. Fr the first time in my life, I allwed smene t really hld my limb, lk at it, tuch it, lve it—lve me. I saw my limb difference as smething unique abut me, smething that shuld be shwn, nt hidden.(我终于觉得自己准备好了袒露自己，而他愿意和我一起经历袒露的过程，这正是我所需要的。这是我人生中第一次，我允许别人真正地握住我的胳膊，看它，摸它，爱它——爱我。我认为我的肢体差异是我的独特之处，应该被展示出来，而不是被隐藏起来)”可知，当作者停止隐藏时，她开始敞开心扉，做自己。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容，作者生来残疾，小时候被好好照顾，直到中学时自我意识觉醒对周围的目光变得敏感，将自己隐藏起来，到38岁时决定敞开做自己，不再隐藏，接收自己的不完美，结合倒数第二段“It was a transfrmatinal experience, and I learned t lve me t.(这是一次转变的经历，我也学会了爱自己)”及最后一段“Hiding things, especially frm lved nes, is tiring and lnely, and it prevents us frm getting help and supprt.(隐藏事情，尤其是对所爱的人，是很累和孤独的，它阻止我们得到帮助和支持)”可推知，作者在成长过程中感悟到了，接收自己才能爱自己。由此推知，从文章中我们知道了“自我接纳会导致自爱”。故选C。
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对科学家们新开发出的一种可以清除水中微塑料颗粒的机器鱼进行了相关介绍。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Chinese scientists say they have develped a rbtic fish that can remve micrplastic particles frm water envirnments. Researchers wrking n the prject say the rbts culd help t clean up plastic pllutin in ceans arund the wrld. (中国科学家表示，他们已经开发出一种机器鱼，可以从水中清除微塑料颗粒。从事该项目的研究人员表示，机器人可以帮助清理世界各地海洋中的塑料污染。)”可知，发明机器鱼是为了清除水中的微塑料颗粒。故选D项。
【29题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The rbtic swimmers are abut 1.3 centimeters lng. They are made f a sft chemical Cmpund. The rbts are designed t absrb micrplastics while mving thrugh the water. researchers said the rbts have already perfrmed well in shallw water and they plan t carry ut mre tests in deeper waters. The scientists reprted their findings in a new study in Nan Letters. The publicatin cmes frm the American Chemical Sciety, a nnprfit rganizatin supprted by the U.S. Cngress. The rbtic fish were built t target micrplastic particles, which are smaller than five millimeters. Studies have cnfirmed that micrplastic pllutin has been discvered in many natural envirnments. (这种自动游泳者大约1.3厘米长。它们是由一种柔软的化合物构成的。这些机器人被设计成在水中移动时吸收微塑料。……研究人员表示，机器人已经在浅水区表现良好，他们计划在深水区进行更多测试。科学家们在《纳米快报》的一项新研究中报告了他们的发现。这份报告来自美国化学学会，这是一个由美国国会支持的非营利组织。这种机器鱼的目标是小于5毫米的塑料微粒。研究证实，在许多自然环境中都发现了微塑料污染。)”可知，本段介绍了这种机器鱼的构造、用途、目标以及在水下的工作表现，故本段主要是对这种机器鱼进行了进一步的介绍；故选C项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“And if a rbt fish is accidentally eaten by a real fish, it culd safely digest the material, the team added. (研究小组补充说，如果机器鱼不小心被真鱼吃了，它可以安全地消化这些物质。)”可知，如果机器鱼不小心被真鱼吃下去了，也能安全地被真鱼所消化，即它是无害的。故选A项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“She tld Reuters news agency that the small, lightweight rbt is currently being used t cllect micrplastics fr research purpses. But Wang added that the team plans t expand that use s the rbt fish can remve larger amunts f micrplastic waste frm deep cean areas. (她告诉路透社，这种小巧轻便的机器人目前正出于研究目的被用于收集微塑料。但是王补充说，研究小组计划扩大这种应用，这样机器鱼就可以从深海区域移除大量的微塑料废物。)”可知，王玉燕说研究小组计划扩大这种轻便机器人的应用，让这种机器鱼从深海区域移除微塑料废物，故推知她对于这种机器鱼是抱有积极态度的；根据文章最后一句“Wang said similar rbts culd be develped t be placed inside the human bdy t remve unwanted materials r disease. (王说，可以开发类似的机器人，放置在人体内去除无用的物质或疾病。)”可知，王提出进一步的设想，即开发类似的机器人，说明她很看好这种机器鱼；综上所述，王玉燕对于这种机器鱼是持有积极、肯定的态度。故选B项。
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕早起的好坏展开论述，反驳了“早期的鸟儿有虫吃”的观点，认为强行让人们偏离自己的自然睡眠模式很可能是有害的。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“But just because sme successful peple wake up early, des that mean it’s a trait (特征) mst f them share? And if the idea f having exercised, eaten breakfast, and dne ne task befre 8 am makes yu want t sleep in until next Saturday, des it mean yu’ll have a less successful life? (但是，仅仅因为一些成功人士起得早，就意味着他们中的大多数人都有早起的特点吗？如果在早上8点之前锻炼、吃早餐和完成一项任务的想法让你想要睡到下周六，这是否意味着你的生活将不那么成功呢)”可知，作者提出两个问题，认为部分成功人士起得早并不意味着成功人士都早起，早起的想法可能会让人很疲惫，挑战第一段中提到的“早期的鸟儿有虫吃”的观点。故选B项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Katharina Wulf所说的话“If peple are left t their naturally preferred times, they feel much better. They say that they are much mre prductive. The mental capacity they have is much brader (如果让人们自然地选择自己喜欢的时间，他们会感觉好得多。他们说他们的生产力要高得多。他们的心智能力要宽广得多)”、“pushing peple t far ut f their natural preference can be harmful (让人们过分偏离他们的自然偏好可能是有害的)”和“Then, yu disrupt (扰乱) it and push the bdy t be in the daytime mde. That can have lts f negative, physilgical cnsequences (然后，你扰乱它，推动身体进入白天模式。这可能会产生很多负面的生理后果)”可知，Katharina Wulff认为自然选择自己的生物时间对身心有益，强制偏离自然偏好反而会带来负面后果。由此可知，她会同意“最好不要改变你的睡眠时间”的观点。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Indeed, it may be true that thse wh get up early have a jump start n the day befre thers are even ut f bed. (事实上，早起的人在别人起床之前就已经开始了一天的工作，这可能是真的)”可知，作者指出，虽然一些成功人士早起，但这并不意味着早起是大多数成功人士的共同特征，也不意味着不早起的人就会不成功。文章通过引用研究结果，说明了早起者和夜猫子在性格、健康、学术成就、记忆力和创造力等方面的差异，并强调了遵循自然睡眠模式的重要性。因此，作者的写作目的应该是反驳早起的鸟儿有虫吃的观点。故选C项。
第二节(共 5小题;每小题2分，共 10分)
【答案】35. G 36. A 37. E 38. F 39. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章为科幻作家提供了关于科幻作品创作的注意事项。
【35题详解】
前文“Science fictin writers create imaginary wrlds. (科幻作家创造想象的世界。)”提到科幻作家的想象世界，后文“S it’s imprtant fr yu t be familiar with the scientific principles and inventins that are related t yur creatin. (所以熟悉与你的创作相关的科学原理和发明是很重要的。)”指出熟悉科学原理和发明很重要，因此G项“The way things wrk in yur imaginary wrlds will be based n actual science. (在你想象的世界中，事物的工作方式将基于实际的科学。)”符合语境，指出想象的世界也基于科学来运作，承上启下，其中的imaginary wrlds在前文有同词复现，science与后文的scientific呼应。故选G。
【36题详解】
前文“If humans are able t breathe underwater in Chapter 1, yur character can’t drwn in a swimming pl in Chapter 3. (如果人类能够在第一章中在水下呼吸，那么你的角色就不能在第三章中淹死在游泳池中。)”以具体的例子说明科幻世界要遵循设定，后文“That means the reader is willing t pretend alng with yu. (这意味着读者愿意假装和你在一起。)”进一步解释前一句的内容，与读者的信任相关，因此A项“The issue here is maintaining yur readers’ trust. (这里的问题是如何维持读者的信任。)”符合语境，指出关键是维持读者的信任，承上启下，其中的maintaining yur readers’ trust是后文That的指代对象，readers在后文有同词复现。故选A。
【37题详解】
前文“If yu start ut with an rdinary detective nvel and then thrw in smene breathing underwater in the 6th chapter, yu will pull the readers ut f their imaginatin. (如果你从一本普通的侦探小说开始，然后在第六章加入一个在水下呼吸的人，你会把读者从他们的想象中拉出来。)”举出具体的不遵循设定的写作情况，指出其负面影响，因此E项“The same thing happens if yu change the rules halfway. (如果你中途改变规则，也会发生同样的事情。)”符合语境，举出中途改变规则的情况，和前文是并列关系，其中的The same thing指代前文的yu will pull the readers ut f their imaginatin。故选E。
【38题详解】
前文“Yu dn’t have t tell yur readers all the rules in the first chapter. (你不必在第一章就告诉你的读者所有的规则。)”提醒不必在开始就呈现所有规则，因此F项“But yu have t let readers knw enugh t understand what’s ging n. (但你必须让读者知道足够的信息，以便理解发生了什么。)”符合语境，提醒要给出足够的信息，和前文是转折关系。故选F。
【39题详解】
根据后文“Yu are inviting readers t visit a new wrld. They will want t be able t see, hear, feel, smell and even taste what it’s like. Whether yur nvel is abut a wrld withut disease r an undiscvered planet, help yur readers feel like they’re actually there. (你在邀请读者去参观一个新的世界。他们希望能够看到、听到、感觉到、闻到甚至品尝到它是什么样子的。无论你的小说是关于一个没有疾病的世界还是一个未被发现的星球，让你的读者觉得他们真的在那里。)”可知，本段主要建议科幻世界要让读者有身临其境的感觉，空处位于段首，应该与为读者创造真实的感觉相关，因此C项“When yu are writing, remember t make it feel real. (当你在写作时，记得让它感觉真实。)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选C。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各 2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)
【答案】40. An Internet cnnectin and a space large enugh t mve arund in.
They nly need an Internet cnnectin and a space large enugh t mve arund in.
41. The authr’s suggestin is trying t find trainers wh are certified by an rganizatin with a gd reputatin.
Trying t find teachers wh are certified by an rganizatin with a gd reputatin.
42. The authr thinks virtual fitness classes are f great cnvenience and save a lt f time, s he takes virtual fitness classes n a regular basis.
Accrding t the passage, the authr thinks virtual fitness classes are f great cnvenience and can save a lt f time, but being able t wrk ut at any time made him ften putting ff his virtual fitness classes. S he didn’t take virtual fitness classes ften. (S he ften takes scheduled fitness classes at gyms.)
43. I think virtual fitness classes will becme a trend fr yung peple because they have many advantages. Nt nly can peple save time and mney but als they may chse frm a wide variety f frms cnveniently.
【分析】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文，文章介绍了在线虚拟健身课程的好处，同时简述了作者参加虚拟健身课程的经历和想法。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段关键句“Yu can watch vides n yur phne, cmputer r tablet and d the exercises right where yu are. All yu need is an Internet cnnectin and a space large enugh t mve arund in.（你可以在手机上、电脑或平板电脑上看视频，也可以就地做运动。你所需要的只是一个网络连接和一个足够大的移动空间。）”可知，人们需要一个网络连接和一个足够大的移动空间来参加虚拟健身课程。故答案为An Internet cnnectin and a space large enugh t mve arund in./ They nly need an Internet cnnectin and a space large enugh t mve arund in.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段关键句“S it is imprtant t think abut wh is teaching the class. Try t find trainers wh are certified by an rganizatin with a gd reputatin.（所以考虑谁来教这门课很重要。试着去找那些有良好声誉的机构认证的培训师。）”可知，作者建议在参加虚拟健身课程时，应寻找有良好声誉的机构认证的培训师。故答案为The authr’s suggestin is trying t find trainers wh are certified by an rganizatin with a gd reputatin./ Trying t find teachers wh are certified by an rganizatin with a gd reputatin.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段关键句“I tried sme virtual fitness classes several years ag. The reasn was simple: cnvenience.（几年前我试过一些虚拟健身课程。原因很简单：方便。）”及“I didn’t need t travel t a gym and back, which saved me a lt f time.（我不需要往返于健身房，这节省了我很多时间。）”可知，作者认为虚拟健身课程很方便也能够节省时间；再由“But being able t wrk ut any time meant I kept putting it ff.I’d d everything else first and then the day wuld be ver. I’d never actually get arund t exercising. （但是任何时候都能锻炼就意味着我一直在拖延。我会先做其它的事，然后这一天就结束了。我从来没有真正抽出时间去锻炼。）”可知，作者认为任何时间都能锻炼，就可以一直拖延，导致最后没有时间锻炼；再根据“S fr me, scheduled classes such as thse at a gym are helpful.（所以对我来说，像那些在健身房的课程是有帮助的。）”可知，作者经常在健身房参加预定的健身课程，而不是有规律地参加在线课程。故答案为s he takes virtual fitness classes n a regular basis. Accrding t the passage, the authr thinks virtual fitness classes are f great cnvenience and can save a lt f time, but being able t wrk ut at any time made him ften putting ff his virtual fitness classes. S he didn’t take virtual fitness classes ften. (S he ften takes scheduled fitness classes at gyms.)
【43题详解】
考查推理判断。根据文章第三段关键句“Online fitness classes take a wide variety f frms.（在线健身课程的形式多种多样。）”及第四段关键句“Sme virtual fitness classes require a membership fee, but sme are cmpletely free.（一些虚拟健身课程需要缴纳会员费，但也有一些是完全免费的。）”再结合最后一段关键句“The reasn was simple: cnvenience.（原因很简单:方便。）”及“I didn’t need t travel t a gym and back, which saved me a lt f time.（我不需要往返于健身房，这节省了我很多时间。）”可知，在未来，在线虚拟健身课程会在年轻人中成为一种趋势，因为它有很多好处，比如，它便宜甚至免费，形式多种多样，且方便，节省时间。故答案为I think virtual fitness classes will becme a trend fr yung peple because they have many advantages. Nt nly can peple save time and mney but als they may chse frm a wide variety f frms cnveniently.
第二节(20分)
44. 【答案】One pssible versin:
Dear Jim,
I was thrilled t hear abut yur recent victry in the Original Petry Cmpetitin at yur schl. Cngratulatins n winning the first prize! It’s a remarkable achievement and a testament t yur creative talent.
I had the pleasure f reading yur winning pem, and I must say, it’s truly captivating. The imagery yu’ve wven int the verses is bth vivid and thught-prvking, making it a jy t read. Yur use f language is elquent and the themes yu’ve explred are deeply resnant. It’s clear that a lt f heart and sul went int crafting such a beautiful piece f wrk.
Once again, well dne, Jim! I’m incredibly prud f yu and lk frward t seeing mre f yur petic masterpieces in the future.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以李华的身份，给在学校原创诗歌比赛中获得一等奖的英国朋友Jim回复邮件，需涵盖祝贺和评价两方面的内容。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
非凡的：remarkable→extrardinary, exceptinal
成就：achievement→accmplishment, attainment
吸引人的：captivating→attractive, fascinating
探究：explre→g int, prbe int
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I was thrilled t hear abut yur recent victry in the Original Petry Cmpetitin at yur schl.
拓展句：I was thrilled t hear that yu have recently wn a victry in the Original Petry Cmpetitin at yur schl.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The imagery yu’ve wven int the verses is bth vivid and thught-prvking, making it a jy t read. (运用了关系代词引导限制性定语从句并被省略、现在分词短语making…作状语)
[高分句型2] It’s clear that a lt f heart and sul went int crafting such a beautiful piece f wrk. (运用了that引导主语从句)