2023届北京市房山区高三一模英语试卷 （解析版）

这是一份2023届北京市房山区高三一模英语试卷 （解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I glanced t my left and right as I gt ready at the starting line. The sight f ther cmpetitrs wh had cnfident and fierce-lking faces gt me gse bumps and I was even mre ___1___ than befre.
“On yur mark, get set... G!” shuted the race fficial. I pushed myself frward with all my ___2___ and started running as thugh a pride f man-eating lins were cming after me. As I ran, I culd see the ther cmpetitrs catching up with me. All f a sudden, I fell dwn n my knees. A hundred pairs f eyes bred int me, watching me ___3___ t get up. But n matter hw hard I tried, I just culd nt d it.
“N, it cannt end like this. I have t ___4___ this race.” I thught t myself. Hwever, the pain frm my injury was s unbearable that I felt ttally ___5___. I really wanted t give up.
Out f despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind cmpetitr ___6___ her hand t me.
“Thank yu...” I whispered ___7___ as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up.
She lent me her shulder fr supprt, and I ___8___ frward. The crwd cheered at this brilliant display f ___9___. Tgether, bth f us crssed the finishing line.
Even thugh I never gt the chance t learn her name, I will always remember her as the ne wh stepped frward t help me when I was in _____10_____.
1. A. tiredB. cnfusedC. nervusD. regretful
2. A. jyB. mightC. trubleD. shame
3. A. attemptB. hesitateC. waitD. pretend
4. A. rganizeB. evaluateC. appreciateD. cmplete
5. A. defeatedB. inspiredC. shckedD. relaxed
6. A. wavedB. extendedC. shwedD. pinted
7. A. prudlyB. cautiuslyC. awkwardlyD. gratefully
8. A. mvedB. fellC. bentD. lked
9. A. partnershipB. sprtsmanshipC. leadershipD. friendship
10. A. angerB. dubtC. needD. silence
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在一次跑步比赛中，摔倒了，膝盖的疼痛让作者无法继续前进。就在作者感到绝望时，旁边的选手停下来，搀扶着作者走向终点线。这让作者很是感动，并会永远记住这个在他需要帮助时，及时向他伸出援助之手的人。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看着旁边充满自信且表情凶神恶煞的其他竞争者，我感到浑身起鸡皮疙瘩，我比之前更加紧张。A. tired疲惫的；B. cnfused困惑的；C. nervus紧张的；D. regretful后悔的。根据前文“The sight f ther cmpetitrs wh had cnfident and fierce-lking faces gt me gse bumps”可知，此处指作者看着旁边的人充满自信感到更加紧张，故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用尽全身力气向前冲，尽管后面一群吃人的狮子紧跟在我后面。A. jy高兴，喜悦；B. might强大力量，威力；C. truble困难；D. shame羞愧。根据后文“and started running”可知，此处指我用尽全身强大的力量先前冲，故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一百双眼睛盯着我看，看我努力试图爬起来。A. attempt企图，努力；B. hesitate犹豫；C. wait等待；D. pretend假装。根据前文“All f a sudden, I fell dwn n my knees.”可知，此处指我在赛跑时摔倒了，故努力试图爬起来，故填A。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心里想：“不，不能就这样结束了。我必须完成这次比赛”。A. rganize组织；B. evaluate评估，评价；C. appreciate欣赏，感激；D. cmplete完成。根据前文“N, it cannt end like this.”可知，此处指不能就这样结束，我必须完成这次比赛，故选D。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，我膝盖上的疼痛如此无法忍受，以至于我感觉很泄气。A. defeated泄气的，受挫的；B. inspired受到鼓舞的；C. shcked震惊的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“Hwever, the pain frm my injury was s unbearable ”以及后文“I really wanted t give up.”可知，此处指我想放弃，因此我是感觉很泄气的，故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一个善良的竞争者向我伸出了手。A. waved挥手；B. extended延伸，伸出；C. shwed展示；D. pinted指向。根据后文“as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up”可知，此处指她向我伸出手，故选B。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我抓住她的手，她把我拉起来的时候，我感激地说着“谢谢你”。A. prudly骄傲地；B. cautiusly谨慎地；C. awkwardly尴尬地；D. gratefully感激地。根据前文“a kind cmpetitr ___6___ her hand t me.”可知，此处指我很感激那个向我伸出手的竞争者，因此是感激地说着谢谢，故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把肩膀借给我支撑，我向前移动。A. mved移动；B. fell摔，落；C. bent弯腰；D. lked看。根据后文“Tgether, bth f us crssed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我支撑着她的肩膀，向终点线移动，故选A。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：观众为这种杰出的体育精神而欢呼。A. partnership合伙，合作关系；B. sprtsmanship体育精神；C. leadership领导才能；D. friendship友谊。根据前文“Tgether, bth f us crssed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我在比赛中摔倒了，旁边的人扶着我走向终点，这是一种体育精神，故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我不知道她的名字，但我将永远记得她，因为她是在我有需要时，走上前来帮助我的那个人。A. anger怒气；B. dubt疑惑；C. need需要；D. silence沉默。根据前文“Out f despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind cmpetitr ___6___ her hand t me.”可知，此处指她在我需要帮助时，向我伸出了援助之手，故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When I was seven years ld, I caught a cld and had t stay at hme. My parents had t wrk, s my neighbr came ver t lk after me. She read many different bks t me ____11____ (patient), including adventures set in ancient times, travel stries, family dramas, histrical nvels, etc. T my jy, ____12____ (listen) t each bk made me feel like watching a mvie, but better because bks gave much mre details than mvies. She started my interest in reading. Next year, after graduating frm cllege, I ____13____ (have) a jb teaching English. I hpe that I can transfer the lve f reading t my students.
【答案】11. patiently
12. listening
13. will have##am ging t have
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候，邻居激发了作者的阅读兴趣。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：她耐心地给我读了很多不同的书，包括古代冒险故事、旅行故事、家庭剧、历史小说等。修饰动词，用副词形式。故填patiently。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：让我高兴的是，每听一本书都让我感觉像在看电影，但更好，因为书比电影提供了更多的细节。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填listening。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：明年，大学毕业后，我将有一份教英语的工作。根据时间状语Next year可知，用一般将来时。故填will have/am ging t have。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Beijing Olympic Park, als ____14____ (knw) as the Olympic Green, is lcated in Chayang District, Beijing, with a ttal land area f 11.59 square kilmeters. The famus Natinal Stadium r “Bird’s Nest” is the centerpiece f the park, ____15____ the pening and clsing ceremnies f the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics were hsted. The Natinal Aquatics Center r “Water Cube” hsted the swimming, diving and synchrnized swimming events. It was transfrmed ____16____ the “Ice Cube” fr the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, and detachable curling tracks were built n the swimming pl t hst curling events.
【答案】14. knwn
15. where 16. int##t
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了北京奥林匹克公园。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：北京奥林匹克公园，又称奥林匹克公园，位于北京市朝阳区，总土地面积11.59平方公里。根据句子分析可知，此处作定语，主语Beijing Olympic Park与knw之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故填knwn。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：著名的国家体育馆或者“鸟巢”是公园的中心，在这里举办了2022年北京冬奥会的开幕式和闭幕式。根据句子分析可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为The famus Natinal Stadium r “Bird’s Nest”，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导。故填where。
【16题详解】
考查介词。句意：为2022年北京冬奥会和残运会，将它改造成了“冰立方”，并在游泳池上建造了可拆卸的冰壶跑道，以举办冰壶比赛。根据句意可知，此处意为“转变为，改变为”，表达为be transfrmed int/t。故填int/t。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Wrld Envirnment Day (WED) is a day we all need t put in ur ____17____ (diary). It happens n June 5 every year and shuld be ne f the mst imprtant days f the hliday calendar. WED ____18____ (create) in 1972 by the United Natins General Assembly. The envirnment wasn’t such a big issue back then. But it is ne f the httest tpics in the wrld tday. WED helps raise wrldwide awareness f the threats t ur envirnment. ____19____ peple can d that day is t start changing lifestyles t reduce their carbn ftprint. Many envirnmental agencies rganize events based n different themes each year. These events encurage bth gvernments and lcal cmmunities t wrk tgether ____20____ (handle) envirnmental prblems.
【答案】17. diaries
18. was created
19. What 20. t handle
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日。
【17题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：世界环境日是我们每个人都需要记在日记里的一天。名词diary为可数名词，根据形容词性物主代词ur可知，用名词的复数形式。故填diaries。
【18题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：世界环境日由联合国大会于1972年创立。根据时间状语in 1972可知，用一般过去时。主语WED是单数，与create之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was created。
【19题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：人们在这一天能做的就是开始改变生活方式来减少碳足迹。本句为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填What。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些活动鼓励政府和当地社区共同努力解决环境问题。句中用不定式作目的状语。故填t handle。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
T help new students, the Internatinal Business Institute (IBI) plans t set up a buddy (伙伴) peer supprt prject. The prject will help new students meet current students at IBI wh can prvide them with sme friendly cmpany during their first mnths in Newcastle and help them with any small prblems that they may have.
What’s in it fr yu?
We believe that being a buddy will be rewarding in several ways. As a vlunteer, it will be persnally satisfying t knw that yu are able t help new students. It will als help yu make cntacts that may be valuable in yur future academic and prfessinal lives. If yu are an verseas student, it will give yu anther pprtunity t practise speaking English.
Respnsibilities f buddies
·Telephne and arrange t make cntact with the new student.
·Meet the student and shw him/her arund the campus and the lcal area. Answer questins abut living in Newcastle and administratin prcedures at IBI.
·Arrange t meet the new student ne mrning r afternn ne weekend early in the semester, and take the student t places that yu enjy in Newcastle.
·Be prepared t take phne calls frm the new student t answer further questins that he/she may have frm time t time. Meet t explain infrmatin t the new student in persn, if required.
·Yu will be matched t an individual new student. Hwever, if yu have friends wh are als buddies, yu might prefer t frm a supprt grup tgether. This wuld mean that yu meet the new students as a grup rather than ne-n-ne.
·Being a buddy is vluntary. There is n “requirement” t prvide assistance beynd the help utlined abve.
Please nte that if yu agree t becme a peer supprt buddy yu will be expected t fulfil yur rle cnscientiusly and cheerfully. It will be imprtant t be cnsiderate and reliable s that the student can feel cnfident in yur supprt.
21. Accrding t the passage, what benefit can yu get frm being a buddy?
A. Yu can learn hw t be a cnfident persn.
B. It is easy fr yu t find sme friendly cmpany.
C. Yu can be rewarded with bth mney and prizes.
D. It may be helpful fr yur future studies and career.
22. As a buddy, yu need t ________.
A. frm a supprt grup with ther vlunteers at IBI
B. prvide assistance in studying each subject after class
C. meet the new student every mrning early in the semester
D. help the new student get familiar with his r her surrundings
23. What is the authr’s purpse in writing this passage?
A. T intrduce campus life fr new students.
B. T attract ptential vlunteers t be peer supprters.
C. T ffer an pprtunity t practise speaking English.
D. T prvide sme infrmatin abut studying verseas.
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立的‘帮助伙伴项目’的好处以及其成员的责任。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据What’s in it fr yu?部分中“It will als help yu make cntacts that may be valuable in yur future academic and prfessinal lives.(它还会帮助你建立对你未来的学术和职业生涯有价值的联系)”可知，成为伙伴帮助者可能对你未来的学习和职业有帮助。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Respnsibilities f buddies部分第二点中“Meet the student and shw him/her arund the campus and the lcal area.(与学生见面，并带他/她参观校园和当地地区)”可知，作为一名伙伴帮助者，你需要帮助新生熟悉环境。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“T help new students, the Internatinal Business Institute (IBI) plans t set up a buddy (伙伴) peer supprt prject.(为了帮助新生，国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立‘帮助伙伴项目’)”可知，文章主要介绍了国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立的‘帮助伙伴项目’的好处以及其成员的责任，目的是吸引潜在的志愿者成为伙伴帮助者。故选B。
B
Brn with severe hearing lss, Li has fund her way t cmmunicate with the wrld—thrugh painting.
Befre learning t paint, Li always felt lnely in a silent wrld. She knew she was different frm her peers because she culd nt hear. But a painting class in primary schl pened fr her a dr t creativity and a way f expressin.
“I still remember my first mural, which was t help a kindergarten t design and paint its wall,” Li says. “The prject made me realize hw happy I was immersing myself int painting.”
T pursue her passin fr art, Li went t study advertising design at a vcatinal and technical schl. “Painting brushes can help me create a clrful wrld in my imaginatin, telling my thughts n paper, instead f thrugh vices,” Li said.
Graduating frm cllege in 2005, Li gt a jb as a typist at a public institute. But she culd nt cmmunicate well with her ther clleagues. Her husband understd hw she felt because he lst his hearing due t medicatin when he was 1 year ld. He is als an art lver. In March 2016, under her husband’s suggestin, Li quit her jb and jined her husband’s cmpany, which specializes in 3D wall and grund paintings.
Wall painting is a demanding jb because it requires peple t wrk utdrs, whether in extremely cld r ht weather. As all the peple are hearing-impaired in their cmpany, cmmunicatin with clients is the mst cmmn challenge that the team faces.
Nw in many parks and scenic spts, the cuple have created large-scale murals and interactive pavement painting that make nlkers a part f the drawings.
“My husband and I want t intrduce painting t mre peple like us and help them find their wn way t make a living,” Li says. Nw Li has an apprentice wh just graduated frm cllege. While caching the newcmer, Li is explring her wn style and hpes t becme an illustratr and pen her wn exhibitin ne day.
“They’re energetic yung peple with a passin t create new things, and yu can feel that in their paintings,” ne f their clients said. “They’re als a prfessinal, dedicated team, ften wrking late int the night n the designs fr us.”
Li hpes that their stries can encurage mre hearing-impaired peple t build their wn careers and achieve their gals, regardless f hw tugh it may be.
24. Accrding t the passage, the painting class in primary schl ________.
A. started Li’s first advertising design
B. helped Li find a new way t express herself
C. made Li learn abut 3D wall and grund paintings
D. turned Li’s dream f pening an exhibitin int reality
25. What can we knw frm this passage?
A. Li can cmmunicate with her clients easily.
B. Li lst her hearing when she was I year ld.
C. Li and her husband have created many wnderful paintings.
D. Li and her husband hpe t becme illustratrs in the future.
26. T help peple with hearing lss, what des Li intend t d?
A. Dnate mney t them.B. Design painting gifts fr them.
C. Inspire them t create their wn careers.D. Supprt them t cmplete cllege educatin.
27. What des the passage mainly tell us?
A. One is never t ld t learn.B. Failure is the mther f success.
C. Accepting what yu have makes yu happy.D. Nthing is impssible t the man wh will try.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Li天生听力严重受损，但她通过绘画找到了与世界交流的方式，她希望她的故事能鼓励那些与她一样听力受损的人建立自己的事业，实现自己的梦想。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But a painting class in primary schl pened fr her a dr t creativity and a way f expressin.(但小学的绘画课为她打开了一扇通往创造力和表达方式的大门。)”可知，小学的绘画课为她打开了创造力与表达自己的大门。故选B项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“Nw in many parks and scenic spts, the cuple have created large-scale murals and interactive pavement painting that make nlkers a part f the drawings.(现在，在很多公园和景区，这对夫妇创作了大型壁画和互动路面绘画，让旁观者成为绘画的一部分。)”可知，在许多公园和景点都能见到Li与她丈夫的作品，由此可知，她与她丈夫创作了许多美好的绘画。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Li hpes that their stries can encurage mre hearing-impaired peple t build their wn careers and achieve their gals, regardless f hw tugh it may be.(Li希望他们的故事可以鼓励更多的听障人士建立自己的事业并实现自己的目标，无论多么艰难。)”可知，Li希望用自己的故事激励那些跟她一样听力受损的人无论有多难，要建立自己的事业，实现自己的梦想。故选C项。
27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据首段“Brn with severe hearing lss, Li has fund her way t cmmunicate with the wrld—thrugh painting.(天生患有严重的听力损失，李找到了与世界交流的方式——通过绘画。)”可知，Li虽听力受损，但她仍找到了与世界沟通的方式——绘画，根据第四段中的“T pursue her passin fr art, Li went t study advertising design at a vcatinal and technical schl.(为了追求自己对艺术的热情，李去一所职业技术学校学习广告设计。)”可知，她为追求自己对艺术热爱，她上大学学习广告设计，并顺利毕业，找到一份工作，但她不满意自己的工作状况，又辞职与她丈夫从事3D墙面和地面绘画，并在各公园和旅游景点创作许多的艺术作品，由此可知，本文主要告诉我们的是，只要肯努力，没有什么不可能。故选D项。
C
Vast underwater meadws (草甸) f gently waving sea grass cver hundreds f miles up and dwn the West Cast. These blue-green fields perfrm a variety f imprtant services. They prtect the shreline frm ersin, clear pllutants frm the water and prvide habitats fr all kinds f marine animals.
New research suggests sea grass meadws may als mitigate a serius cnsequence f greenhuse gas emissins: the steady acidificatin f cean waters. The study published in the jurnal Glbal Change Bilgy finds that sea grass frests can raise pH levels in castal waters. As they perfrm phtsynthesis (光合作用), they remve carbn dixide frm the water, cunteracting the acidifying effect f the gas.
“I think we are all very excited abut it,” said lead study authr Aurra Ricart, a scientist at the Bigelw Labratry fr Marine Sciences.
Ocean acidificatin is a side effect f rising carbn dixide levels in the atmsphere. Sme f this CO2 disslves ut f the air and int the sea causing a chemical reactin that lwers the water’s pH. Scientists smetimes refer t it as glbal warming’s “evil twin”—an invisible cmpanin t climate change.
Ocean acidificatin can have harmful effects n marine rganisms like shellfish and cral by preventing them frm prperly frming the hard shells they need t survive. It’s a threat bth t natural ecsystems and t shellfish fisheries arund the wrld. The study presents a natural way t address the prblem.
Researchers analyzed six years f data frm sea grass meadws spanning mre than 600 miles ff the Califrnia castline. It fcused n the cmmn eelgrass, ne f the mst widespread sea grass species n the West Cast. The authrs claim it’s the largest, mst cmprehensive study f its kind.
Accrding t the study, sea grass ecsystems can raise pH levels by mre than 0.1 unit, equivalent t abut a 30% decrease in acidity. The effect isn’t cnstant. It cmes in waves and is influenced by temperature, daylight, cean currents and ther factrs that affect water chemistry and sea grass phtsynthesis rates. But the tempering influence n acidificatin can be lasting, smetimes persisting fr up t three weeks at a time. The study als shws that pH is higher in sea grass ecsystems, cmpared t nearby areas with n sea grass, abut 65% f the time.
The study didn’t investigate the effects f higher pH n marine rganisms — that’s a questin fr future research. But there’s reasn t believe these meadws may have a psitive influence n shellfish and ther cean animals.
28. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Sea grass frests can lwer pH levels f castal waters.
B. Shellfish and crals are nt affected by cean acidificatin.
C. Sea grass meadws can help remve pllutants frm the sea water.
D. The effects f higher pH n marine rganisms were investigated in this study.
29. What des the underlined wrd “mitigate” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Relieve.B. Present.C. Cause.D. Predict.
30. Paragraph 7 tells us the research ________.
A. findingsB. prcessC. questinsD. reflectin
31. Why des the authr write this passage?
A. T illustrate the serius situatin f climate change.
B. T present the living cnditins f the underwater meadws.
C. T emphasize the imprtance f research n marine pllutin.
D. T intrduce a natural way t slve the prblem f cean acidificatin.
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. A 31. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，海草草甸还可以缓解由温室气体排放导致的海水持续酸化。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“They prtect the shreline frm ersin, clear pllutants frm the water and prvide habitats fr all kinds f marine animals.(它们保护海岸线免受侵蚀，清除水中的污染物，为各种海洋动物提供栖息地)”可知，海草草甸可以帮助去除海水中的污染物。故选C。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The study published in the jurnal Glbal Change Bilgy finds that sea grass frests can raise pH levels in castal waters. As they perfrm phtsynthesis (光合作用), they remve carbn dixide frm the water, cunteracting the acidifying effect f the gas.(这项发表在《全球变化生物学》杂志上的研究发现，海草林可以提高沿海水域的pH值。当它们进行光合作用时，它们会从水中去除二氧化碳，抵消气体的酸化作用)”可知，海草能去除水中的二氧化碳，从而抵消气体的酸化作用，由此可推知，画线词所在句意为“新的研究表明，海草草地还可以缓解温室气体排放的严重后果：海水的持续酸化”，mitigate意为“缓解”。故选A。
【30题详解】
段落大意题。根据第七段内容，结合本段首句“Accrding t the study, sea grass ecsystems can raise pH levels by mre than 0.1 unit, equivalent t abut a 30% decrease in acidity.(根据这项研究，海草生态系统可以将pH值提高0.1个单位以上，相当于酸度降低30%左右)”以及末句“The study als shws that pH is higher in sea grass ecsystems, cmpared t nearby areas with n sea grass, abut 65% f the time.(研究还表明，与附近没有海草的地区相比，海草生态系统的pH值在65%的时间里更高)”可知，本段主要告诉我们这项研究的结果。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“New research suggests sea grass meadws may als mitigate a serius cnsequence f greenhuse gas emissins: the steady acidificatin f cean waters.(新的研究表明，海草草地还可以缓解温室气体排放的严重后果：海水的持续酸化)”及第五段最后一句“The study presents a natural way t address the prblem.(这项研究提出了一种解决这一问题的自然方法)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，海草草甸可以缓解由温室气体排放导致的海水持续酸化，故本文目的是介绍一种解决海洋酸化问题的自然方法。故选D。
D
When special ccasins such as birthdays r ther big hliday events cme arund, parents ften lk fr that special ty fr their children. But there is a grwing understanding that gifts f time and bnding, such as vacatins and ther experiences, make better and mre lasting gifts fr children.
Experts agree that gifting children with memrable trips and fun experiences is better fr their bdy and mind, and has crrespnding psitive impacts n the rest f the family!
In a 2017 study that surveyed abut 500 wmen between 18 and 93 years ld, Dr. Oravecz, a human develpment and family studies prfessr at Pennsylvania State University, asked, “Mst peple feel lved when...” The study shwed that the mst ppular answers had nthing t d with any material item. Dr. Oravecz said, “Our research fund that micr-mments f psitivity, like a kind wrd, a hug with a child r a sympathetic expressin, make peple feel mst lved.”
Clinical psychlgist Oliver James agrees. He stated that as ppsed t tys, details frm a trip are mre likely t “stick with them fr lng after the vacatin ends.” When families interact in a stress-free envirnment, this creates warm, generus feelings twards ne anther, which are likely t be remembered with fndness. Vacatins create strng emtinal respnses that dn’t ften cme with material pssessins.
In additin, British child psychlgist Dr. Margt Sunderland believes that vacatins make children smarter. “What is less widely knwn is that vacatins can als advance brain develpment in children. This is because n a family vacatin, yu are exercising tw genetically ingrained systems deep in the brain’s limbic (边缘的) area, which can all t easily be ‘unexercised’ in the hme.” Citing the wrk f neurscientist Jaak Panksepp, Dr. Sunderland said, “These are the PLAY system and the SEEKING system.” “The brain’s PLAY system is exercised every time yu bury yur child’s feet in the sand r take them fr a ride n yur back. The SEEKING system is exercised each time yu g explring tgether: the beach, a cave, a hidden village...” She cntinued, “S when yu take yur child n a vacatin, yu are supprting their explrative urge (SEEKING system)—a vital resurce fr living life well, and their capacity t play (PLAY system). In adulthd, this translates int the ability t play with ideas—essential, fr example, t the successful entrepreneur(企业家).”
In a busy husehld, perhaps the fun f having the latest ty may nt last, but the space it ccupies in the huse culd be there and gather dust. S fr the next rund f gift-giving with the children, cnsider an experiential gift instead. The return is definitely priceless.
32. Frm Dr. Oravecz’s study, we knw that ________.
A. hearing kind wrds can make a persn feel mst lved
B. a special ty fr a birthday is mre lasting fr children
C. wmen at the age f 18 and 93 years ld feel mre lved
D. the feeling f being lved is clsely related t material gifts
33. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. The capacity t play can translate int the ability t seek.
B. The SEEKING system can develp when adventuring in the wild.
C. PLAY and SEEKING systems are mre easily exercised at hme.
D. Burying yur child’s feet in the mud is exercising the SEEKING system.
34. Accrding t the passage, the authr may agree that ________.
A. material gifts are better fr a child’s bdy and mind
B. children spending vacatins with their parents are mre generus
C. trips with family can frm better emtinal interactins than material gifts
D. vacatins with emplyees are a waste f time fr a successful entrepreneur
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了研究发现，在重大节日时，给孩子时间和感情的礼物，会给孩子们带来更好、更持久的礼物。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Dr. Oravecz said, “Our research fund that micr-mments f psitivity, like a kind wrd, a hug with a child r a sympathetic expressin, make peple feel mst lved.”(Oravecz博士说道：“我们的研究发现，小的积极时刻，比如说一句友善的话语、与孩子的拥抱或者同情的表情，会最让人感到被爱”。)”可知，听到友善的话语会最让人感觉到被爱，故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The SEEKING system is exercised each time yu g explring tgether: the beach, a cave, a hidden village...” She cntinued, “S when yu take yur child n a vacatin, yu are supprting their explrative urge (SEEKING system)—a vital resurce fr living life well, and their capacity t play (PLAY system). In adulthd, this translates int the ability t play with ideas—essential, fr example, t the successful entrepreneur(企业家).” (每次那么一起探索时，都会使用到寻找系统：沙滩、洞穴、隐藏的村庄……她继续说道：“所以，当你带孩子度假时，你是在支持他们的探索冲动（也就是寻找系统）——这是过好生活的重要资源，也是他们玩耍的能力（玩耍系统）”。成年后，这将转化为对成功企业家至关重要的想法的能力。)”可推知，你在带孩子探索时，是在支持他们的探索系统，故当在野外探索时，探索系统会得到一定的发展，故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“S fr the next rund f gift-giving with the children, cnsider an experiential gift instead. The return is definitely priceless. (因此，在下一轮给孩子送礼物时，可以考虑体验式礼物。其带来的回报是无价的。)”可推知，作者在最后建议家长下次给孩子送礼物的时候，送体验式礼物，故作者同意，比起物质礼物，与家人一起的旅行更能促进家人之间的情感交流，故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Has anyne ever tld yu, “Stand up straight!” r sclded yu fr sitting lazily at a family dinner? Cmments like that might be annying, but they’re nt wrng.
____35____ It is the fundatin fr every mvement yur bdy makes, and can determine hw well yur bdy adapts t the stresses n it. These stresses can be things like carrying weight, r sitting in an awkward psitin. ____36____
If yur psture isn’t gd enugh, yur muscles have t wrk harder t keep yu upright and balanced. Sme muscles will becme tight and inflexible. ____37____ It increases the likelihd f accidents, and makes sme rgans, like yur lungs, less efficient.
S what des gd psture lk like? If yu’re sitting, yur neck shuld be vertical, nt tilted frward. Yur shulders shuld be relaxed with yur arms clse t yur trunk. Yur knees shuld be at a right angle with yur feet flat n the flr. But what if yur psture can’t be that great? ____38____ Fr example, adjust yur screen s it’s at r slightly belw eye level. Make sure all parts f yur bdy, like yur elbws and wrists, are supprted.
It’s als nt enugh t just have gd psture. Keeping yur muscles and jints mving is extremely imprtant. In fact, being still fr lng perids with gd psture can be wrse than regular mvement with bad psture. ____39____ And be sure t exercise. Using yur muscles will keep them strng enugh t supprt yu effectively, n tp f all the ther benefits t yur jints, bnes, brain and heart.
A. Try redesigning yur envirnment.
B. Yu adjust yur bdy unless yu feel tired.
C. S if yu sit a lt, get up and mve arund n ccasin.
D And the big ne that we all experience every day is gravity.
E. Besides, pr psture leads t extra wear and tear n yur jints.
F. Psture can even influence yur emtinal state and yur sensitivity t pain.
G. Yur psture refers t the way yu hld yur bdy when yu’re sitting r standing.
【答案】35. G 36. D 37. E 38. A 39. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了站姿和坐姿不正确的危害以及调整方式。
【35题详解】
根据空后“It is the fundatin fr every mvement yur bdy makes, and can determine hw well yur bdy adapts t the stresses n it.（它是你身体所有动作的基础，并且能决定你的身体对压力的适应程度。）”可知，空后的it指代的是G项“你的姿势是你坐着或站着的时候你支撑身体的方式。”中的yur psture，本空介绍了什么是你的姿势，空后说明姿势的功能，故选G项。
【36题详解】
根据空前“These stresses can be things like carrying weight, r sitting in an awkward psitin.（这些压力可以是负重或坐在一个不舒服的位置。）”可知，空前介绍了身体所承受压力有负重和坐在不舒服的位置，故D项“我们每天承受的最大压力就是重力”符合，本空进一步介绍我们每天要承受的压力还有重力，故选D项。
【37题详解】
根据空前“Sme muscles will becme tight and inflexible.(一些肌肉会变得紧，变得僵硬。)”可知，E项“而且，不良的姿势会对你的关节造成额外的磨损。”是空前的顺义承接，空前提出了不良姿势会让身体肌肉变得紧，变得僵硬，本空的“Besides”，进一步说明不良姿势会造成关节的额外磨损，故选E项。
【38题详解】
根据空前“But what if yur psture can’t be that great?(但是，如果你的姿势不可能那么好呢？)”和空后“Fr example, adjust yur screen s it’s at r slightly belw eye level. Make sure all parts f yur bdy, like yur elbws and wrists, are supprted.(例如，调整屏幕，使其处于或略低于眼镜水平。确保你的身体的所有部位，如肘部和手腕，都得到支撑。)”可知，空前提出问题，空后举例说明要调整屏幕，故A项“试着重新调整你的环境”符合，如果姿势不能那么好，那就选择调整环境你，故选A项。
【39题详解】
根据空前“In fact, being still fr lng perids with gd psture can be wrse than regular mvement with bad psture.(事实上，以良好的姿势长时间静止可能比以不良姿势进行有规律的运动更糟糕。)”可知，空前提出了良好姿势的长时间静止比以不良姿势运动更糟糕，故C项“因此，如果你经常坐着，偶尔要站起来走动一下”符合，空前提出了长时间静止对身体并不好，故要偶尔站起来走动一下，故选C项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Thrughut ur lives, we are faced with many different learning experiences. Sme f these experiences have made mre f an impact than thers. This can be due t different intelligences r learning styles. A persn’s learning style r “intelligence” is the methd thrugh which they gain infrmatin mst easily.
The thery f multiple intelligences was prpsed in 1983 by Dr. Gardner in his bk Frames f Mind: The Thery f Multiple Intelligences, and it suggests that traditinal ideas abut intelligence, measured by standardized IQ tests, are very limited. Accrding t him, eight different intelligences are prpsed t describe the range f different abilities in children and adults. They are: linguistic intelligence, lgical-mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, bdily-kinesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersnal intelligence, intrapersnal intelligence, and naturalistic intelligence.
Sme schls fcus attentin n linguistic and lgical-mathematical intelligences. Hwever, Dr. Gardner says that we shuld place equal attentin n peple wh pssess the ther intelligences: designers, athletes, musicians, salesmen, psychlgists, and bilgists.
Educatin can be much mre interesting and help mre students t learn mre effectively if teachers are encuraged t present lessns in a wide variety f ways using music, grup wrk, art activities, rle-play, multimedia, field trips, amng thers. The gd news is that hundreds f schls are currently using the thery f multiple intelligences t design the way they educate children. By ding s, students will perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds. Understanding a student’s learning style can help later in life and lead them int a mre fulfilling career directin.
The thery f multiple intelligences als gives adults a whle new way t lk at their lives, examining ptentials that they left behind in their childhd, such as a lve fr art r drama. They may nw have the pprtunity t develp these thrugh hbbies r ther prgrams f self-develpment.
40. Accrding t the passage, what is a persn’s learning style?
__________________________________________________________________________
41. What des Dr. Gardner use the eight intelligences t describe?
__________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
T help students perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds, schls shuld fcus n linguistic and lgical-mathematical intelligences.
__________________________________________________________________________
43. Which intelligence d yu want t develp mst? Why? (In abut 40 wrds)
__________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. A persn’s learning style r “intelligence” is the methd thrugh which they gain infrmatin mst easily.
41. T describe the range f different abilities in children and adults.
42. T help students perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds, schls shuld fcus n linguistic and lgical-mathematical intelligences.
T help students perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds, schls shuld use the thery f multiple intelligences t design the way they educate children.
43. I want t develp my spatial intelligence mst. Because I think a sense f space is very imprtant t a persn. In additin, I am interested in architecture and wuld like t be a building designer when I graduate frm university.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了学习风格的概念以及八种不同的智力和学校所采取的教育模式。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“A persn’s learning style r “intelligence” is the methd thrugh which they gain infrmatin mst easily.(一个人的学习风格或“智力”是他们最容易获得信息的方法)”可知，一个人的学习风格或“智力”是他们最容易获得信息的方法。故答案为A persn’s learning style r “intelligence” is the methd thrugh which they gain infrmatin mst easily.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Accrding t him, eight different intelligences are prpsed t describe the range f different abilities in children and adults.(他提出了八种不同的智力来描述儿童和成人不同能力的范围)”可知，加德纳博士用八种智能来描述儿童和成人不同能力的范围。故答案为T describe the range f different abilities in children and adults.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“The gd news is that hundreds f schls are currently using the thery f multiple intelligences t design the way they educate children. By ding s, students will perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds.(好消息是，目前有数百所学校正在使用多元智能理论来设计他们教育孩子的方式。通过这样做，学生们会表现得更好，并在脑海中储存更多重要的信息)”可知，为了帮助学生表现得更好，并在脑海中储存更多重要信息，学校应该使用多元智能理论来设计教育孩子的方式。错误部分为“schls shuld fcus n linguistic and lgical-mathematical intelligences”。故答案为T help students perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds, schls shuld fcus n linguistic and lgical-mathematical intelligences.T help students perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds, schls shuld use the thery f multiple intelligences t design the way they educate children.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。题干：你最想培养哪种智力？为什么？可回答：我最想发展我的空间智能。因为我认为空间感对一个人来说很重要。另外，我对建筑很感兴趣，大学毕业后想成为一名建筑设计师。故答案为I want t develp my spatial intelligence mst. Because I think a sense f space is very imprtant t a persn. In additin, I am interested in architecture and wuld like t be a building designer when I graduate frm university.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。下周将有一个英国的学生代表团来你校进行为期两天的交流访问，你将作为学生代表致词。请你用英文写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1.表示欢迎；
2.简要介绍主要活动安排；
3.表达美好祝愿。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear friends,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear friends,
Welcme t ur schl. I am Li Hua, Chairman f the Student Unin. On behalf f my schl, I will intrduce the main arrangements fr the fllwing tw days.
As scheduled, n the first day, we wuld like t invite yu t take a tur f ur campus, thrugh which yu will get a general idea f ur schl. In the afternn, yu can take part in varius activities such as paper cutting and calligraphy t experience traditinal Chinese culture in persn. On the secnd day, we will take yu t the Frbidden City, a must-see attractin in Beijing, where yu will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
Hpe yu enjy yur stay here! Thank yu!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生写一篇发言稿，向来校交流的英国的学生代表团表示欢迎，并介绍活动安排。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
代表：On behalf f→ represent
参加：take part in→ jin in/get invlved in
各种各样的：varius→ a variety f/varieties f
惊讶的：amazed→ surprised/astnished
2.句式拓展：
同义句转换
原句：On the secnd day, we will take yu t the Frbidden City, a must-see attractin in Beijing, where yu will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
拓展句：Then fllwed the trip t the Frbidden City n the secnd day a must-see attractin in Beijing, where yu will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
As scheduled, n the first day, we wuld like t invite yu t take a tur f ur campus, thrugh which yu will get a general idea f ur schl.（运用了介词+which引导非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】
On the secnd day, we will take yu t the Frbidden City, a must-see attractin in Beijing, where yu will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.（运用了名词作同位语和where引导非限制性定语从句。）