人教版(2024)七年级下册英语期末语法专题复习+练习题
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这是一份人教版(2024)七年级下册英语期末语法专题复习+练习题,共28页。试卷主要包含了代词,名词,冠词,情态动词can,there be句型,祈使句,时态,完成句子等内容,欢迎下载使用。
人称代词和物主代词
1)人称代词(主格/宾格)的用法:
a) 人称代词主格在句子中做主语成分,放在动词前面,如:
She is a teacher. 她是一名老师。 We are students. 我们是学生。
They cme frm China. 他们来自中国。
b) 人称代词宾格在句子中做宾语或表语成分,放在动词或介词后面,动宾/介宾结构。
如:Can yu help me? 你能帮帮我吗?
注意事项:
① 分清楚指代名词的单复数;
② 要分清人名的性别;
③ 要注意名词词组中的中心名词;例:my brther’s name 用 it 代替;
2)物主代词(形容词性物主代词)的用法:
a) 形容词性物主代词用来修饰名词,放在名词前面,相当于形容词,不能单独使用,如:
My grandpa ges fishing every weekend. 我爷爷每周末都会去钓鱼。
This is his watch. 这是他的手表。
b) 名词性物主代词,相当于名词的用法,其后不再接名词,可做主语、宾语或表语;
名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + n.
速记口诀:
① 有名填形;无名填名;
② 形变名很容易,添个 s 就可以;his, its 不用变,my 变 mine 要记清。
练习题:
1.D yu see (I) red dress, Mum? I can’t find it.
2.—Hw d yu spell (yu) name?—F-U, Fu. X-I-N-G, Xing.
3.The mnkey is 40 cm tall, (it) tail is abut 30 cm lng.
4.What clur is (he) uncle’s huse?
5.Ella’s cap is in (she) schlbag.
6.The white building n the left f the playgrund is (they) library.
7.My mm asks my brther t make (he) bed.
8.It is (I) first time t visit Nanjing Library.
9.We must clean up (we) classrm befre ging hme.
10.Nancy is (they) English teacher.
11.Thse are (we) math bks.
12.It is pencil. It’s n the desk. (he)
13. music festival is in Octber. (we)
14.My eraser is in my pencil case. This ne is (yu).
15.This is nt my watch. is made in China. (I)
二、名词
(一)名词的分类
(二)可数名词
1、可数名词的单数变复数规则变化
2、可数名词复数的不规则变化
(1)改变名词中的元音字母或其他变化形式 :man→men, ft→feet, tth→teeth
(2)单复数形式相同: sheep, deer, fish, Chinese
(3)只能用复数形式,与谓语动词的复数形式连用:trusers, clthes, glasses, sunglasses
(4)形式上为复数,但意义为单数,与谓语动词的单数形式连用:news,maths
(5)一些集体名词形式上为单数,意义上为复数:peple, plice, cattle(家畜), staff(工作人员)3、
(三)不可数名词
1.概念:物质名词和抽象名词无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。不可数名词通常无复数形式。
2.在没有量词的情况下,不可数名词前不能用a,an这两个不定冠词。
3.某些名词表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的,而在表示个体概念时是可数的。如:
A glass is made f glass.玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。(句中的第一个glass表示“玻璃杯”,是个体名词,是可数的。第二个glass意为“玻璃”,是物质名词,是不可数的。)
4.不可数名词的量
不可数名词要表示“一件”“一个”等量的概念时,要用“数词+表示量的名词+f+不可数名词”来表示。如:
a piece f paper一张纸 tw pieces f paper 两张纸
a cup f tea 一杯茶 five cups f tea 五杯茶
a bttle f juice 一瓶果汁 fur bttles f juice 四瓶果汁
此时,谓语动词的单复数由量词的单复数确定
Eg: A cup f range is n the desk. 桌子上有一杯橙汁。
Eg: There are three pieces f bread n the desk.
桌子上有三片面包。
5不可数名词做主语时,一律看作单数,用代词 it 代替,谓语动词用单数。
⭐以s结尾,仍为单数形式的名词
maths,plitics,physics等的学科名词,谓语动词用单数。
news为不可数名词。
the United States, the United Natins单数形式的名词
(三)名词所有格
’s所有格:在名词末尾加上’s,表示“……的”。以s/es结尾的复数名词,直接加’,如:
the girl’s father;the teachers’ ffice
f所有格:f加名词,表示“……的”(一般加无生命的名词),如:
the dr f the rm 房间的门
练习题:用已给单词否适当形式填空
1.There are many playing in the park. (child)
2.—Are there any (bx) in the by’s hands?
—Yes, there are.
3.________(wlf) lk fr fd by smelling and listening
4.The __________ (whale) are huge, but they are friendly.
5.Lk at thse ______ (fx). They are s cute.
6.Yu can see sme (sheep) n the farm.
7.Remember t brush yur (tth) every day t keep them clean.
8.In ur grup, we always wrk ut (prblem) tgether.
9.There are many big (factry) in ur city.
10.The (giraffe) have lng necks. They eat leaves n the trees.
三、冠词:不定冠词:a/an 定冠词:the
1、不定冠词a/an的用法:(a+辅音音素;an+元音音素)
表示“一”的数量,相当于“ne”,如:a pen;an apple
表示一类人或事物中的“一个”,但不强调数目概念,如:He is an English teacher.
表示泛指一类人或事物,如:An apple a day keeps dctr away.
2、定冠词the的用法:
特指说话人和听话人都清楚的人或事物,如:Read the bk.
用于上文提到过的人或事物,如:Mr. Smith has a car. The car is blue
用于世界上独一无二的事物的名词前,如:the sun; the mn
用于复数姓氏前,表示一家人或夫妇,如:The Smiths g t the park every weekend.
用于序数词之前,如:the first building
固定搭配,如:play the guitar/vilin/pian/drums; the same;n the right/left;in the middle
3、零冠词:不用冠词
短语搭配:play chess/basketball/ftball/vlleyball/ping-png
形容词和副词
(一)形容词(adj.)
作定语,修饰名词或代词ne/nes, 一般位于被修饰词之前。
这是一本有趣的书。 This is an____________________ bk.
② 我只有一只小手提包。我想要买一些大的。
I nly have a small handbag. I want t buy sme ___________ nes .
注意:当形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词如smething、anything、smewhere、anywhere 等词,形容词要放在被修饰词的后面。不定代词+形容词,定语后置。
③ 我有重要的事情要告诉你。I have___________ ____________ t tell yu.
④ 机器有什么问题吗?Is there ____________ __________ with the machine?
⑤ 今天报纸上有些新鲜事。There is___________ ____________in tday's newspaper.
2.作表语,位于连系动词之后,构成系表结构,,描述主语的状态或特征,或说明主语的情况。
系动词+形容词 他们很漂亮。They are beautiful. 他看起来很快乐。He seems happy.
感官动词+形容词:感官动词(如feel, lk, sund, smell, taste等)后常接形容词作补语,描述主语或宾语通过感官感知到的状态。例如:
① 这食物尝起来很美味。The fd ______________ _______________.
② 我的妈妈看起来很年轻。My mther ______________ _______________.
③ 这音乐听起来很美。The music ______________ _______________.
3.用作补语。
动词+形容词+宾语:在某些动词后,形容词可以作为补语来描述宾语的状态。这种结构通常用于表示宾语经历了某种变化或达到了某种状态。例如:
① 我发现这本书很有趣。I fund the bk______________________.
使役动词+宾语+形容词:使役动词(如make, keep, let, have等)后接宾语和形容词补语,表示使宾语处于某种状态。例如:
② 他们让门开着。 They kept the dr _________________.
③ 她把头发剪短了。She cut her hair _____________.
(二) 副词(adv.)
在句中的语法功能:副词在句中主要用作状语,修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句,表示时间、地点程度、方式等概念
1. 修饰动词, 表示时间、地点程度、方式等概念.
I really like skatebarding.
程度副词表示程度,常用来修饰形容词、副词。
本单元出现的程度副词主要有kind f, very, really, s等。在运用程度副词时,very 和really语气更强;kind f程度轻,相当于a little;而really语气较重,它还能表示说话者发自内心的感受,意思是“真正地”。
① 熊猫有些有趣。 Pandas are________________________.
② 猪非常懒惰。 Pigs are_________________________.
③ 考拉是如此可爱。 Kalas are______________________.
④ 我认为老虎真的很可怕。 I think tigers are__________________.
⑤ 我的狗小花是一条很大的狗,但是一点也不吓人。
My dg,Xiahua,is quite a___________ dg,but she is nt _________________.
频度副词是副词的一种,表示事情发生的频率。常用的频度副词有alway、susually、ften、smetimes、seldm(hardlyever)、never等,它们在频度上的差异为:
always > usually > ften > smetimes > seldm (hardly ever)> never
频度副词通常放在实义动词前面。如果句子里有情态动词、助动词或系动词be,频度副词通常放在这类动词之后。例如:
I always play tennis near my huse.
We usually practise three times a week after schl.
I ften g swimming because it keeps me healthy.
对频率副词提问用hw ften多久一次。
五、情态动词can、have t 和 must 的用法
1.can:意为 “可以;能”,表示请求或许可,如 Yu can't run here.(你不能在这里跑。);意为 “能;会”,表示能力,如 She can sing.(她会唱歌。)
2.have t:意为 “必须;不得不”,表示客观需要做的事情,有人称、数和时态的变化。dn't have t 意为 “不必”。例如:It's late. She has t g hme.(天晚了。她不得不回家。)
3.must:意为 “必须”,表示主观的义务或必要。mustn't 意为 “不允许;禁止”。以 must 开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答一般用 must,否定回答一般用 needn't 或 dn't/desn't have t。例如:They mustn't bring fd.(他们禁止带食物。)
情态动词的句型结构:
1)肯定句:I can dance. / She can play the pian.
2)否定句:I can’t dance. / She can’t play the pian. (can后面加nt,可缩写为can’t)
3)一般疑问句:Can yu dance? / Can she play the pian? (can提到句首,一二人称互转)
4)肯定回答:Yes, I can. / Yes, she can.
5)否定回答:N, I can’t. / N, she can’t.
练习题:
1.I can g t the z with yu after lunch.(改为一般疑问句)
________ yu ________ t the z with me after lunch?
2.She has t clean her rm every day.(改为否定句)
She ________ ________ t clean her rm every day.
3. Must she clean the rm nw?(作否定回答)
N, she ________ ________ ________.
4.I must wear my schl unifrm at schl.(改为一般疑问句)
________ ________ wear ________ schl unifrm at schl?
六、there be句型
there be句型表示的是“某处有某物”,there是引导词,没有实际意义,be的动词的选用采取“就近原则”,即根据be动词后紧接的名词单复数决定be动词的单复数。如:
There is a bed and tw chairs in my bedrm. 我的卧室里有一张床和两张椅子。
There are tw chairs and a bed in my bedrm. 我的卧室里有两张椅子和一张床。
there be句型单数形式
肯 定 句:There is a student in the classrm. 教室里有一个学生。
否 定 句:There isn’t a student in the classrm. (be动词后加nt)
一般疑问句:Is there a student in the classrm? (be动词提到句首)
肯定 回答:Yes, there is.
否定 回答:N, there isn’t.
there be句型复数形式
肯 定 句:There are sme students in the classrm. 教室里有一些学生。
否 定 句:There aren’t any students in the classrm. (be动词后加nt, sme变any)
一般疑问句:Are there any students in the classrm? (be动词后加nt, sme变any)
肯定 回答:Yes, there are.
否定 回答:N, there aren’t.
七、祈使句
1.肯定结构
D 型:动词原形 (+ 其他)。例如:Cme in, please.(请进。)
Be 型:Be + 表语 (+ 其他)。例如:Be quiet, please.(请安静。)
Let 型:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 (+ 其他)。例如:Let him g.(让他离开。)
2.否定结构
D 型:Dn't + 动词原形 (+ 其他)。例如:Dn't litter.(不要乱扔 (垃圾)。)
Be 型:Dn't be + 表语 (+ 其他)。例如:Dn't be late.(不要迟到。)
Let 型:Dn't let + 宾语 + 动词原形 (+ 其他),也可写成 Let + 宾语 + nt + 动词原形 (+ 其他)。例如:Dn't let him g. = Let him nt g.(不要让他离开。)
N 型:N + 名词 / 动词 - ing 形式。例如:N fishing.(禁止垂钓。)
练习题:按要求完成句子,每空一词。
1. Cme in.(改为否定句)
________ ________ in.
2. Yu must be plite t thers.(改为祈使句)
________ ________ t thers.
3. Dn't swim here.(改为同义句)
________ ________ here.
4. Dn't let him jump the queue.(改为同义句)
Let him ________ _________ the queue.
5.Yu mustn't talk in class.(改为同义句)
________ ________ in class.
6.Yu can't play ftball n the street.(改为祈使句)
________ ________ ftball n the street.
7.Yu must keep quiet in the library.(改为祈使句)
________ ________ in the library.
7. Yu are plite t thers.(改为祈使句)
Please ________ ________ t thers.
八、时态:
一般现在时
定义:一般现在时表示现在的状态,经常性、习惯性的动作,或者主语所具备的性格和能力,如:
I d my hmewrk every afternn. 我每天下午都会做作业。
I like having bread fr my breakfast. 我早餐喜欢吃面包。
句子结构
(一)主系表句子:含有be动词
用法口诀:I用am, yu 用are,is跟着he/she/it, 单数is,复数are
变否定句:在be动词后面加nt, is nt=isn’t, are nt=aren’t
变一般疑问句:把is或者are提到句首,其他依次写下来。
单数肯定句:It is in yur schlbag.(它在你的书包里。)
否定句: It isn’t in yur schlbag.(它在在不你的书包里。)
一般疑问句: Is it in yur schlbag?(它在你的书包里吗?)
肯定和否定回答:Yes, it is./ N, it isn’t. (是的,它在。/不,它不在。)
复数肯定句: Sme bks are in the bx.(一些书在盒子里。)
否定句: Sme bks aren’t in the bx.(一些书不在盒子里。)
一般疑问句: Are any bks in the bx?(有一些书在盒子里吗?)
肯定和否定回答:Yes, they are./ N, they aren’t. (是的,它们在。/不,它们不在。)
含有be的缩写形式
Wh is =Wh’s what is =what’s he is =he’s she is =she’s it is =it’s
I am =I’m they are= they’re we are= we’re yu are=yu’re
is nt =isn’t are nt =aren’t
主谓宾结构的句子:
1、主语非三单(I/yu/we/they/ns复数)
(1)肯定句:非三单主语+动词原型+宾语.
(2)否定句: 主语+ dn't+动词原型+宾语.
(3)一般疑问句: D+非三单主语 +动词原型+宾语?
句首加助动词D,变成一般疑问句, 第一人称要改为第二人称。(一加,二改,三问号?)
肯定回答: Yes, 主语对应的代词 d.
否定回答: N, 主语对应的代词 dn’t.
2、主语为三单(He/She/It/n单):
1)肯定句:主语三单+动词三单+宾语. .
(2)否定句:三单主语+desn’t+动词原形+宾语
(3)一般疑问句:Des+三单主语+动词原形+宾语?
肯定回答: Yes, 主语对应的代词 des.
否定回答: N, 主语对应的代词 desn’t.
主语为三单时,加助动词desn’t/des,动词三单要还原。(助动词+动词原形)
3、主语第三人称单数包括:
人称代词he/she/it,如:He is a student. 他是一个学生。
单个人名/地名,如:Mike likes histry. 迈克喜欢历史。
Beijing is a big city. 北京是个大城市。
可数名词的单数形式,如:This stry is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
不可数名词,如:Yu规则 infrmatin is useful. 你的信息很有用。
4、实义动词的第三人称单数形式的构成:
一般情况下,在动词原形后面加s,如:wrk – wrks;run – runs;like -likes
以ch,sh,s,x,结尾的动词,在动词原形后面加es,如:watch -watches;d – des
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加es,如:fly – flies;study - studies
特殊的:have-has
现在进行时
1、意义
(1)表示现在(说话时)正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
She is talking with the freign students right nw. 现在她正在和外国留学生交谈。
He is sleeping. 他正在睡觉。
(2)也可表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
They are studying Chinese in China these days. 这些天他们一直在中国学习汉语。
I'm reading a histry bk this week.本周我在读一本历史书。
2、结构
现在进行时由“be(am/is/are)+动词-ing形式”构成。
I am reading. Yu are writing and he is singing.我正在读书,你正在写字,他正在唱歌。
【注意】
①be动词必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致。即“I后用 am,yu后用 are, he/she/it后用 is。主语是单数用 is,主语是复数用 are”。
② be 动词之后必须是动词-ing形式。
3、动词-ing形式的构成
【记助】动词-ing形式的构成口诀
动词-ing 用途多,进行时态不可缺。
它的构成很好记,动词后面加-ing。
词尾若有哑音e,去e再加没问题。
一辅重读闭音节,末尾字母要双写。
4、与现在进行时连用的时间状语或标志词有 lk, listen,(right) nw, at the mment, at present等
Lk! Sme girls are dancing under the tree.看!一些女孩正在树下跳舞。
练习题:
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Lk! The dg __________ (run) after a cat.
2. My brther __________ (nt swim) nw. He is sleeping.
3. —What ______ they ______ (d) at the park?
—They are playing ftball.
4. The girl ___________ (clean) her rm right nw.
5. I ____________ (watch) TV. It’s very interesting.
6. Listen! Smene ____________ (knck) at the dr.
7. We ____________ (have) a picnic in the garden at the mment.
8. —Where is yur mm?
—She ___________ (shp) at the supermarket.
9. The students ___________ (nt study). They are playing games.
10. He __________ (read) a bk in the library nw.
二、单项选择
( )1. —What is yur sister ding?
—She ______ the pian.
A.plays B. is playing C. played D. play
( )2. —______ yu ding yur hmewrk nw?
—Yes, I am.
A. Are B. Is C. D D. Can
( )3. —Hell, may I speak t Jhn?
—______. He is exercising.
A. This is Jhn B. He is busy C. I’m Jhn D. Hld n
( )4. “at the mment” 的同义短语是 ______。
A. right nw B. yesterday C. tmrrw D. last week
( )5. —What are they ding?
—They ______ the beautiful night sights.
A. lk at B. are lking at C. lked at D. lks at
( )6. —Is yur father wrking n the prject?
—Yes, ______.
A. he is B. he des C. he will D. he can
( )7. —What are yu ding nw?
—I ______ a message t my friend.
A. am writing B. write C. wrte D. will write
( )8.现在进行时的时间标志词不包括 ______。
A.nw B. right nw C. yesterday D. at the mment
( )9.—What ______ yur brther ______ nw?
—He is ding his hmewrk.
A. is; d B. is; ding C. des; d D. d; d
( )10.Listen! Smene ______ in the next rm.
A. sing B. sings C. is singing D. are singing
三、句型转换
1.She is reading a bk. (改为一般疑问句)
______ she ______ a bk?
2.They are playing basketball. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ they ______?
3.He is ding his hmewrk. (改为否定句)
He ______ ______ his hmewrk.
4.Is she washing the dishes? (作否定回答)
N, ______ ______.
5.The bys are riding bikes. (改为单数句)
The ______ ______ ______ a bike.现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
一、核心区别总结
二、使用场景对比
1. 现在进行时:正在发生的动作(说话时正在进行):
She is watering the flwers nw. (她现在正在浇花。)
Listen! The birds are singing. (听!鸟儿在唱歌。)
当前阶段的暂时情况(可能并非说话时正在发生):
I am studying fr exams this mnth. (我这个月一直在备考。)
They are building a new park these days. (他们最近在新建一个公园。)
计划好的近期安排(需搭配具体时间):
We are flying t Lndn next Mnday. (我们下周一要飞往伦敦。)
2. 一般现在时:习惯性动作(重复性行为):
I drink cffee every mrning. (我每天早上喝咖啡。)
He ges t the gym twice a week. (他每周去两次健身房。)
客观事实或真理:
The sun rises in the east. (太阳从东方升起。)
Water bils at 100°C. (水在100摄氏度沸腾。)
永久性状态或长期特征:
She wrks as a teacher. (她的职业是老师。)
They live in Beijing. (他们住在北京。)
一般现在时和现在进行时对比练习题:
一、用单词的正确形式填空
1.Daniel ften___________ (watch) films with his friends at weekends.
2.Millie___________(ride) t schl n her bicycle every day.
3.The big elephants always ___________ (lk) after the baby nes carefully.
4.Every minute___________(cunt), s we shuld make gd use f ur time.
5.This bk is exciting. It ften ___________(tuch) peple’s hearts.
6.She ___________(be) frm England.
7.Tm ___________(g) t the library every Sunday.
8.The panda___________(cme) frm China.
9.The children are___________(play) games in the garden nw.
10.They___________(play) basketball n the playgrund nw.
11.Lk! The baby elephants___________(play) with each ther happily.
12.Peple _________(cut) dwn t many trees, s elephants are lsing their hmes.
13.Lk! The children___________(play) ftball in the park.
14.Lk! The by___________(run) n the playgrund.
15.Lk! Sme bys___________ (climb) up the tree.
二、单项选择
( )1.Tm usually ________ up early, but he ________ late tday.
A. gets; gets B. gets; is getting
C. is getting; gets D. is getting; is getting
( )2.The bys ften ________ftball after schl. But nw they ________ basketball.
A. play; play B. play; are playing
C. are playing; play D. are playing; are playing
( )3.—Be quiet, please! Yur grandpa ________ in the bedrm.
—OK.
sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. will sleep
( )4.—It's 8:00 a.m. Where is Linda?
—She ________ in the gym nw. She ________ fr an hur every mrning.
A.exercises; exercise B. exercises; is exercising
C. is exercising; exercises D.exercises; exercises
( )5.He usually ________ t schl n ft, but nw he ________ a bike.
ges; rides B. is ging; rides
C. ges; is riding D. is ging; is riding
( )6.My father usually _______TV in the evening, but nw he ________a newspaper.
A. watches; reads B. watches; is reading
( )7.Susie ften _______ cmputer games after dinner but nw she ________ a bk.
A.plays; is reading B.is playing; reads
C.plays; read D.is playing; is reading
( )8.— Where are Lily and Lucy?
— They _________ the huse these days.
A.clean B.are cleaning C.will clean D.cleaned
( )9.My mther usually________after wrk, but nw she _______ in the gym .
reads; exercise B.reads; is exercising
C.is reading; exercises D.reads; reads
( )10.—Listen! Wh ______ in the music rm?
—Lily and Lucy. They enjy singing when they ______ free.
sing; hasB.is singing; areC.sings; hasD.are singing; is
三、完成句子
1.The tiger eats meat. (改为现在进行时)
The tiger_______ ________ meat nw.
2.Linda usually swims in the evening. (用 nw 改写句子)
Linda_______ ________ nw.
3.They are cleaning the cage. (对划线部分提问)
_______ ________ are they _______ ?
4.—彼得现在正在做什么?—________ Peter________ nw?
—他现在正和朋友们打篮球。_______ basketball _______his friends.
5.It’s nine ’clck. Tm is ding his hmewrk carefully.(对画线部分提问)
It’s nine ’clck. _______ Tm_______ ?
6.He is reading a bk. (改为一般疑问句)
________he________a bk?
7.He is reading a bk in the library. (对划线部分提问)
________he_______a bk?
8.My brther is ding his hmewrk. (改为一般疑问句)
________yur brther ________his hmewrk?
9.Tm usually eats dinner at 7:00 in the evening. (用nw改写句子)
Tm ________ ________dinner nw.
10.Jill and her parents are listening t a CD. (改为否定句)
Jill and her parents________ ________t a CD.
一般过去时
一、定义:
1. 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
2. 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
3.时间标志词: yesterday 昨天,the day befre yesterday 前天 just nw 刚才
…..以前twenty years ag 20年前,tw days ag 2天前
in +过去年份: in 2015…
last 上个 … :last week 上周,last Mnday 上周 一
二、动词变化
不规则变化。
①保持原型不变
must-must let-let put-put cut-cut read-read hit-hit hurt-
hurt cst-cst
② i 变成 a
swim-swam sing-sang begin-began sit-sat give-gave drink-drank
③ aw/w 变成 ew
grw-grew knw-knew thrw-threw blw-blew draw-drew
④ ee 变 e
feel-felt keep-kept sleep-slept sweep-swept meet-met feed-fed
⑤ i 变
ride-rde drive-drve write-wrte
⑥ e 变
get-gt frget-frgt
⑦ 其他
am/is-was are-were has-had g-went buy-bught take-tk
eat-ate fall-fell see-saw tell-tld can-culd make-made
三、一般过去时的句型转换
1.含连系动词 be 的一般过去时(主系表)
肯定句:主语 + was/were + 其他
例:The weather was sunny yesterday.
否定句:主语 + was nt (或 wasn't)/were nt (或 weren't) + 其他
例:He wasn't at the party last night.
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were.
否定回答:N, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.
例:-Were they late fr schl this mrning? -Yes, they were.
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + was/were +(主语 +) 其他?
例:Where were yu last weekend?
2.含实义动词的一般过去时(主谓宾)
肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他
例:They played ftball after schl yesterday.
否定句:主语 + did nt (或 didn't) + 动词原形 + 其他
例:We didn't watch TV last night.
一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did.
否定回答:N, 主语 + didn't.
例:-Did he g shpping last Sunday? -N, he didn't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
例:What did yu d last night?
注意:在一般过去时的疑问句中,助动词 did 后面的谓语动词应用原形。
练习题:
一、写出下面单词的过去式
1.am/is d g have
2. isn’t aren’t spend ck
3. read clean live study
二、用动词的适当形式填空。
1. He (wrk) in that bank fur years ag.
2. I (think) f a gd idea just nw.
3. I (see) him yesterday.
4. He (cme) t schl at 6 ’clck this mrning.
5. He (tell) a stry t his daughter yesterday.
6. yu (try) t call me last night?
三、单项选择
( )1.The girl __________ the dancing club last week.
A. jined B. jins C. will jin
( )2.Tm __________ a rabbit in the garden and fed it.
A. saw B. sees C. is seeing
( )3.There __________ a lt f peple in the park last Sunday.
A. are B. was C. were
( )4.He __________ a letter t his friend yesterday.
A. writing B. wrte C. writes
( )5.My classmates __________ a great time at the sprts meeting last mnth.
A. Had B. have C. are having D. will have
( )6.She __________ her rm befre ging t bed last night.
A. Cleaned B. clean C. is cleaning D. will clean
( )7.They __________ a trip t the muntains last Saturday.
A. have B. had C. will have D. are having
( )8.I __________ my bk at 8:00 p.m. last night.
A. finished B. finish C. will finish D. am finishing
( )9.My family __________ a big dinner in the restaurant last Sunday.
A. had B. have C. are having D. will have
( )10.He __________ the guitar at 3:00 pm yesterday.
A. plays B. played C. is playing D. will play
( )11.—What did yu d last Sunday?
—I ______ my grandparents.
A. visit B. will visit C. visited D. am visiting
( )12.When ______ yu ______ breakfast yesterday?
A. have, had B. d, have C. did, have D. will, have
( )13.My sister __________ a new dress last week.
A. buy B. buys C. bught D. will buy
( )14.When __________ yu __________ yur hmewrk?
A. were; finish B. are; finish C. did; finish D. d; finished
( )15.— What did yu d last weekend?
— We _________ a party at hme.
A. have B. had C. will have D. are having
( )16.He __________ with his friends five years ag. But nw he __________ alne.
A. live; live B. lives; lives C. lived; lived D. lived; lives
( )17.I __________ my keys at schl yesterday.
A. leave B. left C. frget D. frgt
( )18.Lng ag, there __________ a beautiful princess in the castle.
A. lives B. lived C. is living D. will live
( )19.She __________ her hmewrk last night.
A. desn’t d B. didn’t d C. dn’t d D. didn’t did
( )20.—________ yu ________ t the park last Saturday?
—N, I didn’t.
A. D; g B. Did; g C. Are; ging D. Were; ging
四、完成句子
1.I watch the stars at night and they are s beautiful. (用last night改写句子)
I the stars last night and they s beautiful.
2.Yiming read sme articles abut IT in a newspaper.(改为否定句)
Yiming read articles abut IT in a newspaper.
3.Hlla chse a nice dress fr tday’s meeting. (改为一般疑问句)
Hlla a nice dress fr tday’s meeting?
4.There was sme range juice in the cup. (变为一般疑问句)
there range juice in the cup?
5.I was brn in Henan.(改为一般疑问句并做肯定回答)
brn in Henan?
Yes, .
九、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词(wh-)+一般疑问句?
1.提问“表事物的名词”/“动作”:what 什么
e.g.: —What club d yu want t jin? 你想加入什么俱乐部?
—I want t jin the sprt club. 我想加入运动俱乐部。
询问姓名及回答:
1)—What's yur name? 你叫什么名字?
—My name is Emma. =I’m Emma. 我的名字是艾玛。
2)—What's his name? 他叫什么名字?
—His name is Peter. = He is Peter.他的名字是彼得。
3)—What's her name? 她叫什么名字?
—Her name is Ella. = She is Ella.她的名字是埃拉。
What’s yur first name? 你的名是什么?My first name is...
What’s yur last/family name? 你的姓是什么?My last/family name is...
What’s yur full name? 你的全名是什么?My full name is...
2.提问颜色:what clr 什么颜色
e.g.: —What clr is yur new dress? 你的新裙子是什么颜色?
— It’s white. 白色。
提问班级:what class什么班级
—What class are yu in?你在几班?
—I am(I’m) in Class 1, Grade 7.我在七年级1班。
3.提问人:wh 谁
e.g.:— Wh is the man ver there? 那边那个人是谁?
—It’s Mr. Ga. 是高老师。
4.提问时间:when 什么时候 / what time 什么时候/几点(具体时刻)
e.g.: —When d yu usually d exercise? 你通常什么时候锻炼?
— In the mrning. 早上。
—What time d yu usually get up? 你通常几点起床?
— At 6:30. 六点半。
5.提问原因:why 为什么(回答:because 因为)
e.g.: — Why d yu like English? 你为什么喜欢英语?
—Because it’s interesting. 因为英语很有趣。
6.提问位置:where 在哪里
e.g.:—Where is Peter? 彼得在哪里?
— He is in the classrm. 在教室。
7.提问adj:hw 怎么样 What be... like?像怎样?
e.g.: —Hw are yu? 你好吗?
—I am fine, thank yu. / l am great. / I am OK. And yu? 我很好,谢谢。你呢?
—What's yur schl like? 你的学校怎么样?
—It’s large and beautiful. 它大而且漂亮。
8.提问拥有者:whse 谁的
—Whse fishing rds are thse? 那些是谁的鱼竿?
— They’re my father’s. 他们是我父亲的。
They belng t my father.
9.提问数量:hw many (可数名词复数) / hw much (不可数名词)
e.g.:—Hw many bys are in yur class? 你们班有多少男生?
— There are 30. 三十个。
—Hw much milk d yu want? 你想要多少牛奶?
— A small cup. 一小杯。
10.提问价格:hw much 多少钱
e.g.: —Hw much is this bk? 这本书多少钱?
— It’s 15 yuan. 十五元。
11.提问年龄:hw ld 多大
e.g.: —Hw ld are yu? 你多大了?
— I’m twelve years ld. 十二岁。
—Hw ld is she/he?她/他多少岁?
— She/He 12 years ld.她/他12岁。
12.提问看法:What d/des + 主语 + think f +
=Hw d/des +主语+like/feel
e.g.: —What des Mike think f his new schl? 迈克觉得新学校怎么样?
— He thinks it’s beautiful. 他觉得很漂亮。
13.提问频率:hw ften多久一次
e.g.: —Hw ften d yu play ftball? 你多久提一次足球?
— I play it twice a week.我一周踢两次足球。
练习题:
一、单项选择(每小题1分,共10)
( )1. —______ is yur birthday? —It's n May 5th.
A. What B. When C. Where D.Wh
( )2. —______ is yur new bike? —It's 300 yuan.
A. Hw many B. Hw much C. Hw lng D.Hw ld
( )3. —________ d yu like mnkeys?
—Because they’re clever and funny.
A.What B.Why C.When D.Where
( )4—Mike, ____________ d yu play cmputer games?
—Hardly ever. I think it is bad fr my study.
hw ften B.hw manyC.hw lngD.hw far
( )5.— ________ the bkcases?
— They are next t the windw.
A.Where is B.What is C.What areD.Where are
二、对划线部分提问人称代词
物主代词
主格
宾格
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
单数
我
I
me
我的
my
mine
你
yu
yu
你的
yur
yurs
他
he
him
他的
his
his
她
she
her
她的
her
hers
它
it
it
它的
its
its
复数
我们
we
us
我们的
ur
urs
你们
yu
yu
你们的
yur
yurs
他们
they
them
他们的
their
theirs
分类
定义说明
示例
普通名词
可数名词
个体名词(人或事物的个体名词)
by 男孩;girl 女孩;bk 书;
集体名词(一些人或事物的总称)
peple 人们;family 家人
不可数名词
物质名词
water 水;meat 肉;paper纸
抽象名词
hmewrk 家庭作业
专有名词
人名、地名、国名
Bill;Mandy; Shadw
机构、组织、团体
the WTO;
月份、星期、节日
May;Mnday;Mther’s Day
规则
读音
例子
1.一般情况下,直接在名词后加-s
在清辅音后读/s/
bk→bks, tip→tips
在浊辅音以及元音后读/z/
car→cars,pig→pigs
在t后,一起读/ts/
cat→cats,student→students
在d后,一起读/dz/
wrd→wrds,hand→hands
2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后加-es
发音为/ɪz/
glass→glasses, bx→bxes,
3.以f(e)结尾的词,变f(e)为v,再加-es
发音为/vz/
leaf→leaves, knife→knives
4.以y结尾的名词
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es
一般ies读/ɪz/
baby→babies, city→cities
以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,在词尾加-s
发音为/z/
ty→tys,by→bys,
5.以结尾的名词
以“辅音字母+”结尾的本族词,加-es
发音为/z/
her→heres, tmat→tmates
以“元音字母+”结尾或以“辅音字母+”结尾的外来词、缩写词等,加-s
发音为/z/
pht→phts, pian→pians
名词
可数
不可数
名词
可数
不可数
paper
报纸,试卷,论文
纸张
chicken
小鸡
鸡肉
weight
砝码,秤砣
体重
fish
鱼
鱼肉
range
橘子
橙色,橙汁
exercise
练习
锻炼
rm
房间
空间
experience
经历
经验
动词类别
构成方法
示例
一般动词
在词尾加-ing
help-helping play-playing
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词
先去掉字母e,再加-ing
live-living hpe-hping
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词
双写该辅音字母,再加-ing
stp-stpping
begin-beginning
少数以ie结尾的动词
变ie为y,再加-ing
lie- -lying tie-tying
对比维度
现在进行时
一般现在时
功能
表示此刻正在发生的动作或近期暂时性的情况
表示习惯性动作、客观事实或永久性状态
时间状语
nw, at the mment, right nw, these days
always, ften, every day, usually, never
动词形式
am/is/are + 动词现在分词(V-ing)
动词原形(第三人称单数加-s/es)
是否强调动作进行
强调动作的进行性和未完成性
强调动作的重复性或普遍性
规则
例子
直接在动词词尾加-ed
ask-asked lk-lked wrk-wrked
以字母e结尾的动词,直接在词尾加-d
live-lived mve- mved save-saved
以辅音字母+-y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加ed
以元音字母+-y结尾的动词,直接加ed
try-tried study-studied cry-cried
play-played enjy-enjyed stay-stayed
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed
stp-stpped plan-planned prefer-preferred
动词类型
句型结构
例句
实义(行为)动词
肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其他
He played ftball yesterday.(play)
Tm studied in England tw years ag. (study)
否定句:主语+did nt/didn’t +动词原形+其他
They didn’t eat carrts. (nt eat)
Tm didn’t like sprts when he was yung(nt like)
一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其他?
Did they drink milk? (drink)
回答:Yes, they did. N, they didn’t.
Did Tm have lunch just nw? (have)
回答:Yes, he did. N, he didn’t.
be动词
肯定句:主语+was/were+其他
I was a student in 2020.
She was busy an hur ag.
We were in Shanghai last mnth.
否定句:主语+ was/were +nt+其他
We were nt (weren’t) at schl yesterday.
He was nt (wasn’t) busy last Friday.
一般疑问句;Was/Were +主语+其他?
Was he at hme just nw?
Were yu late fr schl yesterday?
1.They're frm China.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ they frm?
2. It lks like a dg.(对划线部分提问)
What ______ it ______ like?
3.We have t wear the schl unifrm. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ yu have t d?
4.She desn’t like tigers because they are dangerus. (对划线部分提问)
she like tigers?
5.The baseball is Helen’s. (对划线部分提问)
is it?
6.Tny hardly ever exercises.(对划线部分提问)
des Tny exercise?
7.He has t wear the schl unifrm.(对划线部分提问)
des he t wear?
8.He usually has a piece f bread fr breakfast.
_________ _________ he usually _________ fr breakfast?
9.My new cmputer is 4,000 yuan.
_________ _________ is yur new cmputer?
10.The penguin is my favurite animal.
_________ _________ yur favurite animal?
11.My father is 40 years ld.
_________ _________ is yur father?
12.We can have dinner at 5:30 at schl.
_________ _________ yu have dinner at schl?
13.There are twenty-fur bys in my class.
_________ _________ bys are there in yur class?
14.My new classmate Bill cmes frm America.
_________ _________ yur new classmate Bill _________ _________?
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