2025年中考英语一轮复习 第01讲 名词 课件+练习+讲义

这是一份2025年中考英语一轮复习 第01讲 名词 课件+练习+讲义，文件包含2025年中考英语一轮复习第01讲名词课件pptx、2025年中考英语一轮复习第01讲名词讲义原卷版docx、2025年中考英语一轮复习第01讲名词练习原卷版docx、2025年中考英语一轮复习第01讲名词练习解析版docx、2025年中考英语一轮复习第01讲名词讲义解析版docx等5份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共40页， 欢迎下载使用。
双重所有格的构成和用法
student desk windw friend
class family army peple
water paper meat metal
life lve sadness health
①表示人名、头衔或者尊称的专有名词：Mark Twain马克·吐温 Prfessr Li 李教授②表示团体机构或会议的专有名词：The United Natins 联合国 Grup f Twenty 二十国集团③表示月份、星期、节日的专有名词：Saturday星期六 Spring Festival春节④表示国名、地名、山河名的专有名词：China中国 Chinatwn 唐人街⑤由普通名词构成的专有名词：the Summer Palace 颐和园 The Great Wall 长城
考点2：名词的词义辨析
命题分析：在中考中，对于名词的考查，更多集中在具体语言环境下 上。综合分析近几年的中考真题，总结中考常考名词180个以及易混易错名词辨析，供大家复习使用。
Bb has a big family. 鲍勃有一个大家庭。I'll call yu as sn as I get hme. 我一到家就给你打电话。Lk at that beautiful huse! 看那座漂亮的房子。 My address is 123 Main Street. 我的住址是123 Main Street。
Dn't make a nise. 不要制造噪音。It's gd t hear yur vice. 听到你的声音真好。The sund f the bell means class is ver. 铃声意味着下课。
We've had an urgent message saying that yur father's ill.我们得到个紧急消息说你父亲病了。The news really made my day.这消息确实使我一天都很愉快。The bk cntains much useful infrmatin.这本书包含许多有用的资料。
He is a teacher, s his jb is t teach.他是一名教师，所以他的工作是教书。He has gt a lt mre wrk n the bk.这本书他还有很多工作要做。
Tm gave me sme very sensible advice.汤姆给了我一些非常合理的建议。The suggestin didn't g dwn very well with her bss.她的老板对这个建议不太感兴趣。
Drunk driving is the cause f the accident.酒驾是这起事故的原因。The reasn fr my absence was that I was ill.我没来的原因是我生病了。That is an excuse fr yur absence.那是你没来的一个借口。
‌She’s in a hpeless situatin. 她处在一种无助的境地。‌Firefighters came n the scene sn where a fire had brken ut.‌ 消防员很快到达了火灾现场‌。‌The car is in very gd cnditin.‌ 这辆汽车情况良好‌。‌The huse is in a gd psitin.‌ 这所房子在一个好位置‌。
Students shuld take ntes during the lectures.学生们上课应该做笔记。Her appearance attracted my ntice.她的外表引起了我的注意。The sign n the dr says “N Smking”.门上的标志写着“禁止吸烟。
Yu have a dirty mark n yur face. 你脸上有一个污渍。A red light is a signal f danger, which is even knwn t a five-year-ld child. 红灯是危险的信号，这一点甚至连五岁的孩子都知道。The dve is a symbl f peace. 鸽子是和平的象征。
Cnversatin with friends sn passes an evening away. 和朋友们谈话一个晚上很快就度过了。He was t distressed t talk.他伤心得说不出话来。
He is a man f great strength. 他是个大力士。The party came t pwer at the last electin. 这个政党在上次大选中当选执政。Plants absrb energy frm the sun. 植物从太阳吸收能量‌。The frce f the wind blew dwn many trees. 风的威力把许多树吹倒了‌。
命题分析：在中考中，对于 的考查，主要集中在可数名词的规则以及不规则的复数形式变化、不可数名词与数量词的搭配以及复数形式表特殊含义的名词。
1. 以下名词的复数形式是在词尾加-s。American → Americans 美国人 Australian → Australians 澳大利亚人Canadian → Canadians 加拿大人 German → Germans 德国人Greek → Greeks 希腊人 Indian → Indians 印度人 Russian → Russians俄罗斯人2. 有些名词表面为复数形式，实为单数。maths数学，news新闻，physics物理，plitics政治，the United Natins 联合国，the United States 美国
名词作定语，一般用单数，如：tw girl students; 需用复数作定语的有：gds trains货车；sprts meet运动会；custms fficer海关人员名词前有man/wman修饰，名词变复数时，man/wman和名词都要变为复数形式。man/wman构成的合成词，复数形式将a变为e。但German复数形式是 Germans 。fish表示鱼的种类时，复数形式为 fishes ，而fish表示鱼的条数时，复数形式仍为 fish 。different fishes不同种类的鱼 five fish五条鱼5. wrks意为＂工厂＂时，单复数同形，而wrk意为＂著作，作品＂时，复数形式是 wrks 。a chemical wrks 一座化工厂 three chemical wrks 三座化工厂a wrk by M Yan 一部莫言的作品three wrks by M Yan 三部莫言的作品
常见不可数名词记忆口诀
gld wd water fire earth
rice flur meat mney clth
(1) 金木水火土米面肉钱布都是不可数。
(2) 金银钢铁和天气 ( gld, silver, steel, irn, weather ) 煤油棉花和玻璃 ( cal, il, cttn, glass ) 面包果汁和氧气 ( bread, juice, xygen ) 咖啡牛奶和茶叶 ( cffee, milk, tea ) 纸币烟酒和头发 ( paper, mney, smke, wine, hair ) (3) 抽象名词不可数 ( happiness, time, lve , traffic, pllutin等 )
a (few), several, many, a great many, the/a number f, hundreds f, dzens / scres f / different / ther
a (little), a great f, a large amunt f, much
a lt f, lts f, enugh, masses f, plenty f, a quantity f, quantities f, a supply f, sme
scks, trusers, stckings, glasses, jeans, shrts, pants, pincers, scissrs等可用a pair f, tw pairs f glves.
's型所有格的构成和用法
f 型所有格的构成和用法
’s型所有格的构成和用法
1. 表示人或有生命的名词常在词尾加’s。如：my aunt's rm 我姑姑的房间2. 以s结尾的复数名词，只加“’”。如: students’ reading rm 学生阅览室；3. 表示两者各自所有关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加’s；表示两者共有，在最后名词词尾加’s。如： Tm’s and Jim’s fathers 汤姆的父亲和吉姆的父亲Tm and Jim’s father 汤姆和吉姆的父亲4. 表示店铺、办公室或某人家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。如：at the barber's在理发店；at my uncle's在我叔家； the dctr’s (ffice)诊所；5. 表示时间、距离、重量、地方等无生命的事物的名词也可以借助­’s表示所有关系。a week’s hliday 一周的假；thirty minutes’ ride三十分钟的车程
表示人或其他有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s或’，表示所有关系。
Jhn's clthes are made by hand in Italy.约翰的衣服是在意大利手工做的。He is my father and mther's friend.他是我父母的朋友。The bss gave me tw days’ hliday.老板给了我两天的假期。I ften buy meat at the butcher's ( shp).我经常在肉店买肉。Our rm is bigger than Mike’s ( rm).我们的房间比迈克的(房间)大。
f 型所有格的构成和用法
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用f 所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用f所有格。
钥匙 (key)答案 (answer)桥 (bridge)路 (way)出口 (exit)入口 (entrance)
The key t the dr 门的钥匙the answer t the questin 问题的答案the bridge t the knwledge 通往知识的桥the way t schl 去学校的路the entrance t the shp 商店的入口the exit t the shp 商店的出口
命题分析：在中考中，对于 的考察主要集中在形容词、动词和名词的转化。构词法主要有派生法（词缀法）､转化法和合成法三种｡ 这类词在英语中数量极大，也是中考常考考点。
派生法（词缀法）：形容词转化为名词
由一种词类转化为另一种词类的方法叫转化法｡转换后单词的词义与原义有密切的联系,但不尽相同｡
(1) 动词转化为名词study 学习→study 书房drink 喝→drink 饮料taste 品尝→taste 味道
(2) 形容词转化为名词daily 每日的→daily 日报weekly 每周的→weekly 周刊
由两个或更多的词合成一个新词的方法叫做合成法｡ 合成词有的用连字符号“ -”连接，有的直接连写在一起｡ 
(1) 名词+名词 bedrm 卧室  bkshp 书店  (2) 动词+名词 breakwater 防水堤  pickpcket 扒手(3) 形容词+名词 best-seller 畅销书/ 品  blackbard 黑板 (4) 动名词+名词 swimming-pl 游泳池 reading-rm 阅览室(5) 名词+动名词 sun-bathing 日光浴  handwriting书法(6)名词+副词 breakdwn 损坏,破裂  lkut 留心,监视(7)副词+名词 vercat 大衣  vertime 超时nlker 旁观者
考点6：名词的句法功能
Tips: 有些及物动词后面可以跟两个宾语。这两个宾语，一个叫直接宾语，一个叫间接宾语。一般来说，表示人的叫间接宾语，表示物的叫直接宾语。双宾语的句子结构通常为主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。give sb. sth. = give sth. t sb. bring sb. sth. = bring sth. t sb.lend sb. sth. = lend sth. t sb. hand sb. sth. = hand sth. t sb.send sb. sth. = send sth. t sb. shw sb. sth. = shw sth. t sb.leave sb. sth. = leave sth. t sb. teach sb. sth. = teach sth. t sb.buy sb. sth. = buy sth. fr sb. ck sb. sth. = ck sth. fr sb.read sb. sth. = read sth. fr sb. sing sb. sth. = sing sth. fr sb.chse sb. sth. = chse sth. fr sb.
1. 名词作定语一般用其单数形式。a paper bag 纸袋，a she shp 鞋店，a ftball fan 球迷 2. 有些常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时用复数形式。a clthes shp 服装店，a glasses stre 眼镜店，a gds train 货运列车3. 数词加名词构成的形容词（中间有连字符）作定语时，名词常使用单数形式。a five-year-ld by 一个三岁的男孩，a 500-metre-lng rpe 一条五百米的绳子4. 所有格作定语和名词直接作定语的区别：名词所有格作定语时，表示的是所属关系，即归谁所有。Tm’s bks 汤姆的书（汤姆和书之间是所属关系，即书是汤姆的）。而名词直接作定语时，与被修饰的名词之间没有所属关系，如：she shp 鞋店（鞋与商店之间没有所属关系） wman driver（女司机） VS the wmen’s driver（这些女士的司机）girl friend（女朋友） VS the girl’s friend（这个女孩的朋友）
一、基础巩固1．The three ________ students’ mthers are all ________ teachers in ur schl.A．by; wmanB．by; wmenC．bys; wmenD．bys; wman2．— Whse fishing rds are these?— They are my ________. They like t g fishing.A．parent’sB．parents’C．parents D．parent3．Dear students, ________ useful exercise is very gd fr ur health. And ding sme useful English ________ is very gd fr ur study as well.A．/; exercise B．a; exercises C．sme; exercises4．The Lawrenceville Schl, ne f the tp high schls in the US, is five miles ________ Princetn University. It was nce a (n) ________ schl.A．away frm; all-by B．far away frm; by’s C．far away frm; all-bys D．away frm; bys’
5．The Chinese vlleyball team _______ at the Wrld Champinship in 1981.A．is B．was C．are D．were8．Where ________ the plice?A．is B．am C．are6．Wh finds the treasure chclate?A．Miss Underwd. B． Ott and J. C．Jsh and Charlie. D．The head teacher.7．—I hear sme ________ will g t yur schl. —Yes. Sme teachers frm ________ will get here this afternn.A．Germans; Germany B．Germen; Germany C．Germans; German8．Lk! The tw _________ dctrs are talking with the _________ students.A．man; by B．man; bys C．men; bys D． men; by9．Everyne thinks ______ necessary t remember the histry f China because it’s f great ______.A．that is; value. B．it; value C．it is; valuable D．that; valuable
二、能力提升完成句子，根据句意及所给汉语提示完成下列句子。(横线不限定一个单词)What’s the mst(最) imprtant thing in the wrld? I think it is t be healthy. Yu can live ____________(with) mney, huses, cars r cmputers, but yu wn’t live a happy life if yu are nt healthy. Then hw can we __________ healthy?First we must have healthy eating __________ [‘hæbɪts]. We shuld eat meat, vegetables, fruit and ther __________ (kind) ________fd. Dn’t eat t __________ salt r sugar. We must drink _________[ɪ’nʌf] water every day. What’s__________(many), we’d ________(gd) eat regularly. Dn’t eat t much r t little. Secnd, taking __________ [‘eksəsaɪz] is als very imprtant. It can help us build a strng bdy. If yu dn’t like sprts yu can walk fr half an hur after meals. Third, we shuld have a gd sleep. We’d better g t bed early and get up early. It will keep us active fr a whle day. Finally, we must stay happy all the time. _____ a wrd, keeping healthy is very imprtant. Let’s take gd care ________ urselves. 
没有钱、房子、汽车和电脑你能生活。根据but yu wn’t live a happy life if yu are nt healthy.可知是withut没有；故填withut。
keep healthy 保持健康
首先我们有健康的饮食习惯。habits习惯，复数表示一类。
我们应该吃肉、蔬菜、水果和其他种类的食物。ther kinds f其他种类的，salt是不可数名词，前要用much修饰
做运动也非常重要。根据句意和音标，可知是exercise运动，不可数名词
固定搭配： in a wrd 总之；take gd care f 好好照料
三、新题速递1．The new restaurant was a ___________and sn clsed. (fail)2．The theatre is in great need f drama __________. (cach)3．Millie is gd at __________(dance). She has __________(dance) classes every week.4．Watching ftball _________(game) is my hbby.5．Dn’t eat t much meat. Althugh it can give us _________(活力).6．D yu like playing _______(国际象棋) with yur friends after schl?7．Yur _________(观点) is very creative.8．The _________(问题；困难) we are facing nw are very serius.9．He can’t see the blackbard clearly, s he needs a pair f ________(glass).10．Our Chinese teacher is kind and has a gd __________(性格).11．My sister is a new student in Class One, _________(年级) Seven.12．I usually g shpping with my mum at ____________(周末).13．There will be tw ftball __________(比赛) next week in my schl.
It is the 31st year that Zhang Yufei has wrked and lived in Faxing Temple, Changzhi, Shanxi prvince.The 52-year-ld man _______the cultural relics in the temple very well. “These cultural relics are part f my life and I want _____________ the culture, art and stries behind them t a wider public,” Zhang says.After graduating frm junir middle schl, Zhang tk several part-time _______. The turning pint was in 1991 when Chngqing and Faxing Temples wanted sme guards. Zhang became ne f _______ . “There was n water and electricity in the temple and in winter it was _______ cld,” Zhang says.
t intrduce
这些文物是我生活的一部分，我想把它们背后的文化、艺术和故事介绍给更多的公众。根据空后“the culture, art and stries behind them t a wider public”可知，此处应选择动词intrduce表示“介绍”，结合空前“want”可知，该结构为“want t d sth.”即“想要做某事”。故填t intrduce。
这位52岁的男子非常了解寺庙中的文物。根据空后“the cultural relics in the temple very well”可知，此处应选择动词knw表示“了解”，主语是第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用三单。故填knws。
寺庙里没有水和电，冬天真的很冷。根据“cld”形容词可知，该空应用副词，结合语境以及备选词汇可知，“real”即“真正的”符合语境，变为副词形式“really”。故填really。
Later he became a guide at Faxing Temple. In 1998, he met Shi Yanchun at Faxing Temple. Shi is an expert and helped t rebuild _______ than 1, 000 cultural artifacts. “That was when I started learning prfessinal knwledge abut painted clay statues . We talked abut the art frm at night,” Zhang says. Since then, he ___________ reading bks n the tpic. He has als taken every chance t cmmunicate with experts.One day, he _____________ a camera as a gift by an expert. With it, Zhang started t recrd the painted clay statues in the temples in Shanxi. In 2011, his first bk intrducing the art frm came ut. He als wrte ver 100 articles telling the ___________ stries abut Shanxi’s cultural relics nline. Zhang hpes that mre peple can take part in the ______________ f cultural relics. In this way, they can truly keep alive.
石是一位专家，他帮助重建了1000多件文物。根据空后“than”结合备选词汇可知，此处用“mre than”表示“超过”。故填mre 。
有一天，他收到了一位专家赠送的相机。根据“a camera as a gift”可知，此处应选择动词“give”表示“赠送”，“he”和“give”是被动关系，用被动语态，由后一句的谓语动词“started”可知，时态为一般过去时，被动语态的结构应为“was+过去分词”。故填was given。
他还在网上写了100多篇文章，讲述山西文物的精彩故事。根据“stries”，结合选词“wnder”可知，应用形容词“wnderful”修饰名词“stries”。故填wnderful。