专题10(外研版-）选择性必修第三册 unit1-3 语法+重点题型练习-高二英语寒假衔接【外研版】

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1. unit1语法主语从句
2. unit2语法表语从句
3. uni3 语法集体名词作主语时的主谓一致
主语从句
在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句的引导词有：
(1)从属连词：that、whether、if等。
(2)连接代词：wh、whse、whm、which、what、whever、whmever、whichever、whatever等。
(3)连接副词：when、where、why、hw等。
一、that引导的主语从句
that在主语从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义，只起连接作用，但通常不能省略。
That smking is harmful t health is knwn t everyne.
吸烟有害健康，这是大家都知道的。
That we need mre equipment is bvius.
显然，我们需要更多的设备。
That she wn the game made us very happy.
她赢得了比赛令我们非常高兴。
二、whether/if引导的主语从句
whether/if在从句中只起连接作用，在句中不作成分，意为“是否”，且不可省略。whether引导的主语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，前面需用it作形式主语。
Whether life exists n ther planets is nt clear yet.
其他星球上是否存在生命还不清楚。
It is nt a prblem whether we can win the battle; it's just a matter f time.
我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。
Whether the sprts meeting will be held is nt certain nw.
现在还不确定运动会是否将举行。
Whether we will g fr an autumn uting is nt sure.
＝It is nt sure whether/if we will g fr an autumn uting.
我们是否要去秋游还没定下来。
三、连接代词引导的主语从句
连接代词what、wh、whm、whse、which、whatever、whever、whichever等引导主语从句时，既起连接作用，同时在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分，且不可以省略。
Wh will bring up the child hasn’t been decided yet.
谁来抚养这个孩子还没有决定。
Which lifestyle is the mst beneficial t ur health is still unknwn.
还不知道哪种生活方式对我们的健康最有利。
What he said just nw is true.
他刚才说的是真的。
Whatever yu d shuld d n harm t thers.
无论你做什么都不应该伤害别人。
四、连接副词引导的主语从句
连接副词when、where、hw、why引导主语从句时，在句中既是连接词，又作状语；where作地点状语；when作时间状语；why作原因状语。连接副词引导的主语从句，也常用it作形式主语。
Why he spied n me puzzled me fr a lng time.
他为什么监视我困扰了我很长时间。
Where he lives is nt knwn t anyne.
他住在哪里谁也不知道。
When we'll g fr a picnic isn't knwn.
我们什么时候去野餐还不知道。
Hw life began n the earth is ne f the biggest puzzles t scientists.
地球上的生命如何起源的是科学家们的最大的困惑之一。
五、用it 作形式主语的主语从句
(1)It＋be＋形容词(bvius、natural、certain、surprising、pssible、likely、imprtant、necessary等)＋that从句
It is clear that the girl tld a lie.
很明显那个女孩撒了谎。
She wrks s hard. It is certain that she will d well in this exam.
她学习很用功。她一定会在这次考试中考得很好。
It is bvius that yu have made a big mistake.
很明显你犯了一个大错。
(2)It＋be＋名词(词组)(n wnder、an hnur、a gd thing、a pity、n surprise等)＋that从句
It is n wnder that yu’ve achieved such gd results.
难怪你取得了这么好的成绩。
It is n surprise that ur team have wn the game.
我们队已经赢得了那场比赛并不令人惊奇。
It is a pity that yur parents dn’t permit yu t g with us.
你父母不允许你和我们一起去，真遗憾。
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said、reprted、thught、expected、decided、annunced、suggested等)＋that从句
It is reprted that n passengers were injured in the accident.
据报道，事故中没有乘客受伤。
It is generally cnsidered that bys are better at science than girls.
人们普遍认为男孩比女孩更擅长理科。
(4)其他
It desn't matter that... ……是无关紧要的
It struck/hit 某人突然想到……
It ccurred t 某人突然想到……
It seems/appears that... 看起来……
It happens that... 碰巧……
It turned ut/prved that... 结果是……
It ccurred t me that I had an imprtant cnference t attend the next mrning.
我突然想到第二天早上要参加一个重要会议。
It happened that I was away when he called.
他来电话时我碰巧不在。
It turned ut that we were wrng.
结果是我们错了。
【即时演练】
the earth mves arund the sun is knwn t all.
is a pity that yur parents didn't permit yu t g with us.
It is suggested the ld man shuld g t the cuntryside t have a rest.
It makes n difference yu supprt my plan r nt.
yu can succeed r nt depends n hw hard yu wrk at it.
gets t the schl early will be praised by ur headteacher.
is fantastic abut histry is the way it bradens ur hrizns.
we understand things has a lt t d with what we feel.
We have selected three places, but the huse will be built will be discussed at tmrrw's meeting.
we'll finish translating the bk depends n the time.
表语从句
一、表语从句的含义和构成
1．含义：表语从句是指一个句子作为表语，放在系动词之后，这种从句往往是对主句的主语进行进一步解释说明。
2．构成：其一般结构为“主语＋系动词＋连接词连接的表语从句”。
3．可接表语从句的系动词有：be, lk, seem, sund, appear等。引导表语从句的连接词有连接代词(what、wh、whm、which、whse等)，连接副词(when、where、hw、why等)以及that、whether、as if/as thugh、because 等。
二、表语从句的用法
1．that引导表语从句
that引导表语从句时仅起连接作用，无任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。
My suggestin is that yu shuld have patience.
我的建议是你应该有耐心。
The mst imprtant result fr the user is that the prduct des what is intended.
对用户来说，最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
The truble was that they culdn't agree amng themselves.
问题是他们内部意见不统一。
2．whether引导表语从句
whether引导表语从句时起连接作用，意为“是否”，但在从句中不作任何成分。注意：if不能引导表语从句。
The questin is whether we can cut dwn the csts f the prduct.
问题是我们是否降低这款产品的成本。
The pint is whether we shuld lend him the mney.
关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
3．连接代词引导表语从句
连接代词what、wh、whm、which、whse、whatever、whever、whmever、whichever等引导表语从句时，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分。
This is what my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.
这是我父亲教我的——总是面对困难并抱最大的希望。
The prblem is wh can cmplete the difficult task.
问题是谁能完成这项困难的任务。
My questin is whse turn it is t be n duty tday.
我的问题是今天轮到谁值日了。
4．连接副词引导表语从句
连接副词when、where、hw、why等引导表语从句时，除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还分别充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语。
This is where we usually think it's easier t just give up.
这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。
The best mment fr the ftball star was when he scred the winning gal.
对这名足球明星来说，最美好的时刻就是他踢进制胜球的时候。
Their difficulty is hw they can clear their debts.
他们的困难是怎样才能还清债务。
5．as if/as thugh、because等引导表语从句
as if/as thugh引导的表语从句常置于系动词 lk、seem、sund、be、becme 等后面。because引导的表语从句常见于“This/That/It is/was because...”句型中。
It lks as if/as thugh it is ging t rain.
看起来要下雨了。
He was sent t the hspital. That's because he was ill.
他被送到医院。那是因为他病了。
注意:
(1)as if/as thugh引导的表语从句所述的是事实或极有可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气；所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气(表示与现在事实相反时，从句动词用一般过去时，be动词用were；表示与过去事实相反时，从句动词用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反时，从句动词用wuld/culd/might＋动词原形)。
The thick smg cvered the whle city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrwn ver it.
厚重的烟雾笼罩了整个城市，好像把一块大黑毯盖到了它的上面。
(2)三个易混的表语从句：
①“This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表结果)”意为“这/那就是……的原因”；
②“This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表原因)”意为“这/那是因为……”；
③“The reasn that＋表语从句”意为“……的原因是……”。
She has a baby t take care f. That's why she ften cmes late.
她有一个孩子需要照顾，那就是她经常迟到的原因。
She ften cmes late. That's because she has a baby t take care f.
她经常迟到，那是因为她有一个孩子需要照顾。
The reasn why he didn’t cme is that he had nt received the invitatin.
他没来的原因是他没有收到请柬。
【即时演练】
The fact is COVID­19 has a cnsiderable influence n peple's life.
Our hpe is ______ an effective cure fr COVID­19 will be fund as sn as pssible.
The questin is the star culd turn up at the evening party n time.
My dubt is the new file is wrth seeing.
The truble is is qualified t take ver the business while the manager is absent.
Obeying the traffic rules is all f us shuld pay attentin t in particular.
His puzzle is dictinary is f greater help t English beginners.
The mst exciting mment was his sn was admitted t Peking University.
The muntain village is he was brught up by his grandparents.
The questin is we can finish the tugh task ahead f schedule.
集体名词作主语时的主谓一致
主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。本单元侧重讲解集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题。集体名词作主语时可归为以下三类：
1．有的集体名词表示复数含义，作主语时谓语通常也用复数形式，比如 cattle、 peple、 plice 等。
Hw many peple were at the meeting?
有多少人参加了会议？
The cattle are grazing at the ft f the hill.
牛群正在山脚下吃草。
2．有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调集体中的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式，比如family、class、enemy、audience、army、band、cmmittee、crwd、staff、team、bard、cuple、data、grup、gvernment、public等。
(1)强调整体，谓语动词用单数：
There was a big audience at the evening party.
晚会上观众很多。
His family has mved int the new huse.
他家已搬进新房子。
The ftball team is being rerganized.
这支足球队正在重组。
(2)强调成员，谓语动词用复数：
The audience were all deeply impressed by the plt.
剧情给观众留下了极为深刻的印象。
The class are all ut n the playgrund t cheer fr the athletes.
班上的学生们都到操场上为运动员鼓劲去了。
The cmmittee agree t discuss the prpsal at the next meeting.
委员们同意在下次会议中讨论该建议。
3．有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式，比如baggage、clthing、equipment、furniture、jewellery、luggage、scenery、petry等。
The furniture in the rm has been made t rder.
这个房间的家具是定做的。
Mst f their equipment has been shipped ahead f schedule.
他们的大部分设备已提前运走了。
【即时演练】
The plice (be) sent t the spt t keep rder immediately.
All their clthing (be) striking with bright clrs.
The class (cnsist) f 25 bys and 20 girls.
The class (be) ding an experiment in the lab nw.
完成句子
1．会议是否会如期举行还不清楚。
remains unclear.
2．学习英语最重要的是足够的练习。
is enugh practice.
3．谁最后离开房间，谁就应该关灯。
ught t turn ff the lights.
4．这个计划是否会实施还不清楚。
the plan will be carried ut.
5．谁将负责我们班级到目前为止还没确定。
hasn't been decided s far.
6．他开会缺席是因为他的航班推迟了。
His absence frm the meeting is ．
7．他考试不及格的原因是他没有努力学习。
The reasn ．
8．北京已不是十年前的北京了。
Beijing isn't ．
9．令父母骄傲的是他们的女儿考上了她梦想中的大学。
What the parents are prud f is ．
10．看上去她好像知道这个坏消息了。
It lks ．
11．昨天当我拜访他们时，他们一家人正在吃晚饭。
When I visited them yesterday, the family ．
12．在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。
Our class at playing ftball in ur schl.
13．这个山区的风景很美，吸引了很多游客。
, which has attracted many turists.
14．所有家具都已经被搬到了另一个房间里。
All the furniture anther rm.
15．各种可能的方法都试过了，效果很好。
Every pssible means and the result is very gd.
单句语法填空
1．_______ he will jin us wn't make t much difference.
2． surprised me mst was that such a little girl f seven culd play the vilin s well.
3．That we g swimming every day (d) us a lt f gd.
4． his dream f ging t cllege will cme true is uncertain.
5．Sme peple believe has happened befre r is happening nw will repeat itself in the future.
6． the valuable paintings were hidden is still a mystery.
7．—What made her parents s angry?
— she had failed in the examinatin.
8．It remains a questin we can get s much mney in such a shrt time.
9. ______ remains t be seen whether this plan is practical enugh t keep the prject ging.
10． they will have the sprts meeting is still a questin, fr they have s many things t d.
11．The reasn why he adapted t the new situatins quickly is he has a flexible attitude.
12． made the dctr upset was he shuld tell the patient the truth r nt.
13．She insisted that she did a gd jb, and that was she disagreed with her father.
14．The best time fr Mark Twain was he wrked n the Mississippi.
15．One f the great things abut living in China is cnvenient it is t travel t different places.
16．He didn't attend schl yesterday, and that's he gt a tthache.
17．The prblem is we can get s much mney fr the peratin r nt in such a shrt time.
18．What is just beynd my imaginatin is frtune shuld bless me with a chance t realize my dream.
19．I think that accepting failure is we need t d first befre we succeed eventually.
20．When a pencil is partly in a glass f water, it lks as if it (be) brken.
21．Our cuntry is develping at an amazing speed, which is makes me feel very prud.
22．—D yu think it wise f Chinese mthers t try t d everything fr their children?
—N, that's they are mistaken.
23．The questin is will travel with me t Beijing tmrrw.
24．—Children's behaviur is mst easily influenced by his parents.
—True. That's we shuld set a gd example t ur kids.
25．Mdesty is a kind f gd quality, which is it takes t be yur persnal best.
26．Our family ________ in this city fr abut sixteen years and my family all fnd f music. (be)
27．The cmmittee made up f 20 members, wh experts in medicine. (be)
28．The lcal gvernment (take) sme measures t stp such rare animals frm dying ut s far.
29．Our class (cnsist) f frty－five students; in ther wrds, frty－five students make up ur class.
30．We must hurry up. The first class (begin) at 8 'clck.
31．Every means (be) t be cnsidered befre we chse the best ne.
32．The audience (be) s large that every seat was taken in the great hall.
33．Peple in this small twn ften (make) their wn huses frm wd r materials that have been thrwn away.
34．The team (be) made up f 20 members.The team (train) hard every day fr the basketball game.
35．The plice (search) fr a tall dark man with a beard at present.
考点聚焦：核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升
学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破